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Primrose asked Bartók to write the concerto in the winter of 1944. They exchanged several letters about the piece. In one, from
September 8, 1945, Bartók claims that he is nearly done with it and only has the orchestration to complete. The sketches show that this was not truly the case. After Bartók
239:
There are some large discrepancies between the different editions. Some are as simple as the metronome markings. Each editor also had very different interpretations of fingerings for the concerto. One edition suggests beginning the first movement on the open A string, while others suggest beginning
272:. In the next measure, the first beat is transposed down an octave, probably to facilitate performance. Everything remains consistent until measure 54, where Serly has the viola resting but Peter Bartók has included two measures of melody in the soloist's part. Serly's edition makes measure 67 a
190:.) The first movement is in a loose sonata form. The second movement is significantly shorter, and closes with a very short scherzo movement with an attacca into the third movement. Bartók's manuscript gives the first movement's duration as 10’20", the second as 5’10" and the third as 4’45".
129:, a respected violist who knew that Bartók could provide a challenging piece for him to perform. He said that Bartók should not "feel in any way proscribed by the apparent technical limitations of the instrument". Bartók was suffering the terminal stages of
247:
Overall, there are significant surface-level discrepancies such as bowings, fingerings and dynamics. Some editions contain more changes than editor markings; in Peter Bartók's revision, measures are added, completely missing, or with note changes.
243:
Many bowings also differ between different editions, some of them inserted specifically to accent certain rhythms and high notes, such as in mm. 8-10 in Serly's edition, where
Primrose included some bowing suggestions to emphasize the syncopation.
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Peter Bartók said, "It became clear that we could not merely compare the printed score with the final manuscript prepared from my father’s sketches by Tibor Serly, and discover engraving errors, but we would have to start with the sketch itself."
574:
342:. Compact disc. Hong-Mei Xiao, HNH International Ltd, 1998. Conductor János Kovács and soloist Hong-Mei Xiao playing both the Peter Bartók and the original Tibor Serly. This CD will be useful for comparing the two versions.
925:
Bartók's
Workshop: Documents of the Compositional Process: Exhibition of the Budapest Bartók Archives in the Museum of Music History of the Institute of Musicology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
764:, revised version by Nelson Dellamaggiore and Peter Bartók. Reduction for viola and piano, viola part edited by Paul Neubauer. Boosey & Hawkes 9854. London and New York: Boosey & Hawkes, 1995.
193:
The first and third movements are said to loosely contain a phrase reminiscent of the
Scottish tune "Gin a Body Meet a Body, Colmin' Thro' the Rye." This is probably in honor of Primrose's heritage.
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Serly also arranged the work as a cello concerto. After the completion, a gathering of friends of Bartók expressed an eight-to-six preference for the cello transcription over the original. Cellist
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34:
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and developing the tempo to an
Allegro molto. Each movement, or at least 3 of them will, preceded by a (short) recurring introduction (mostly solo for the viola), a kind of
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bar and adds a group of triplets. This trend of alterations continues as Peter Bartók adds octave displacements, and omits what is measure 74 in Serly's version.
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743:, with a commentary by László Somfai and a fair transcription of the draft with notes by Nelson Dellamaggiore. Homosassa, FL: Bartok Records, 1995.
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795:, edited by Elliott Antokoletz, Victoria Fischer, and Benjamin Suchoff, 245–59. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
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Peter Bartók and Paul
Neubauer's edition is orchestrated for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes (2nd doubling cor anglais), 2 clarinets in B
1008:
817:, edited by Elliott Antokoletz, Victoria Fischer, and Benjamin Suchoff, 260–70. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
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on the D string. The Peter Bartók edition, especially, has interesting fingerings because
Neubauer edited most of the viola part.
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in 1995, and it was revised once more by Csaba Erdélyi. The concerto was premiered on
December 2, 1949, by Primrose and the
1179:
364:. Rivka Golani, soloist and Andras Ligeti conducting the Budapest Symphony Orchestra. Compact disc. Conifer CDCF-189, 1990.
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The concerto has three movements, and Bartók wrote in a letter dated August 5, 1945 that the general concept is "a serious
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Bartók, Béla. Viola
Concerto (restoration and orchestration by Csaba Erdélyi) Promethean Editions New Zealand 2004
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Smith, Howard, and Elisa M. Welch." Unfinished
Business: The Tangled History of Béla Bartók's Final Work".
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Bartók's manuscript only specifies flute, oboe, 2 clarinets, bassoon, horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings.
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Bartók, Peter. "Correcting Printed Editions of Béla Bartók's Viola Concerto and Other Compositions". In
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186:." (The aforementioned idea of a thematic introduction to each movement was also used in Bartók's
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Gillies, Malcolm: "Béla Bartók", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed June 25, 2005),
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The first of the note changes begins in measure 44 on beat two, where there is an added D
1141:
414:. (The Erdélyi restoration and orchestration - world premiere recording) Csaba Erdélyi.
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1134:
909:
Serly, Tibor. "A Belated Account of the Reconstruction of a 20th-Century Masterpiece".
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Béla Bartók, Viola Concerto, ed. by Paul Neubauer (USA: Boosey & Hawkes, 2003), 3.
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completed the piece in 1949. A first revision was made by Bartók's son Peter and
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when he began writing the piece and left only sketches at the time of his death.
204:
Serly's edition is orchestrated for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in B
155:
1439:
372:
350:
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Dellamaggiore, Nelson. "Deciphering Béla Bartók's Viola Concerto Sketch". In
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Bartók, Peter. "Commentary on the Revision of Béla Bartók's Viola Concerto".
147:
927:. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) (Zenetudományi Intézet), 1995.
397:. Yuri Bashmet. Pierre Boulez. Deutsche Grammophon GmbH. 2008. Compact disc.
1275:
376:
459:
419:
390:. Hong-Mei Xiao. János Kovács. HNH International Ltd. 1998. Compact disc.
231:, tenor trombone, bass trombone, tuba, timpani, percussion (2), strings.
143:
888:
Maurice, Donald. "Bartók's Viola Concerto: New Light from New Zealand".
225:, 2 bassoons (2nd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns in F, 3 trumpets in B
183:
179:
777:
Bartók, Peter. "The Principal Theme of Béla Bartók's Viola Concerto".
546:
Peter, Bartók: "The Principal Theme of Béla Bartók’s Viola Concerto,"
938:
Somfai, László. "Invention, Form, Narrative in Béla Bartók’s Music."
854:
Kovács, Sándor. "Formprobleme beim Violakonzert von Bartók/Serly".
537:, Nelson Dellamaggiore, editor (Tampa: Rinaldi Printing, 1995): 24.
130:
33:
175:
861:
Laki, Peter. "Works for Solo Violin and the Viola Concerto". In
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Kovács, Sándor. "Reexamining the Bartók, Serly Viola Concerto".
757:, edited by Nelson Dellamaggiore. Tampa: Rinaldi Printing, 1995.
701:"James Ehnes plays Bartók's Violin Concertos and Viola Concerto"
1558:
966:
357:; Live recording, Amsterdam, 10 January 1951; Archiphon, 1992.
158:
conducting. Another revision has been prepared by the violist
897:
Bartók's Viola Concerto: The Remarkable Story of His Swansong
563:, ed. by Tibor Serly (England: Boosey & Hawkes, 1949), 1.
869:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
835:
251:
647:, ed. by Paul Neubauer (USA: Boosey & Hawkes, 2003), 1.
815:
Bartók Perspectives: Man, Composer, and Ethnomusicologist
806:
Dalton, David. "The Genesis of Bartók's Viola Concerto".
793:
Bartók Perspectives: Man, Composer, and Ethnomusicologist
755:
Viola Concerto: Facsimile Edition of the Autograph Draft.
178:, a (rather short) slow movement, and a finale beginning
945:
Straus, Joseph. "Disability and ‘Late Style’ in Music."
535:
Viola Concerto: Facsimile Edition of the Autograph Draft
464:
Bartók: Violin Concertos Nos. 1 & 2, Viola Concerto
433:
Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, conducted by David Zinman
216:, 2 trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion and strings.
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Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
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Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
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Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
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Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
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Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
593:
429:. Yo-Yo Ma (on a vertical viola), tracks 5-6-7 on
407:. Leonard Slatkin. BMG Music. 1991. Compact disc.
329:was the first to play and record the adaptation.
1597:
1262:Eight Improvisations on Hungarian Peasant Songs
591:
1626:Classical musical works published posthumously
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121:wrote. He began composing it while living in
899:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
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210:, 2 bassoons, 3 horns in F, 3 trumpets in B
42:who commissioned and premiered the concerto
989:
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32:
1149:Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta
575:"Story of a Concerto: Bartók's Last Work"
252:Omissions and amendments between editions
952:Szigeti, Joseph. "A Tribute to Bartók."
677:
734:Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online
287:bar, but Peter Bartók splits it into a
125:, in July 1945. It was commissioned by
1598:
920:16, no. 8 (102, May–June 2002): 59–61.
602:(in Swedish). Helsingfors. p. 33.
970:
963:137, no. 1836 (February 1996): 10–12.
786:Journal of The American Viola Society
1180:Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion
320:
865:, edited by Amanda Bayley, 133–50.
687:Musicweb International Review, 2015
592:Liljeroos, Mats (6 February 2022).
454:Netherlands Radio Chamber Orchestra
437:Sony Classical, 1993. Compact disc.
13:
736:, S.v. (accessed October 7, 2012).
698:
665:Bartók, "The Principal Theme," 45.
634:Bartók, "The Principal Theme," 46.
625:Bartók, "The Principal Theme," 47.
422:. Concordance. 2002. Compact disc.
196:
14:
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1387:Three Rondos on Slovak Folk Tunes
1129:Divertimento for String Orchestra
942:T. 44, fasc. 3/4 (2003): 291-303.
863:The Cambridge Companion to Bartók
573:Tibor Serly (December 11, 1949).
113:, Sz. 120, BB 128 (also known as
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595:"Virtuos Bartók à la Zimmermann"
442:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
395:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
388:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
369:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
362:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
347:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
340:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
115:Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
1269:Fifteen Hungarian Peasant Songs
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959:Whittall, Arnold. "At Source".
956:, no. 10 (1948-1949): 16+19-21.
810:57, no. 2 (April 1976): 117–29.
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514:BBC National Orchestra of Wales
892:, no. 21 (Winter 1993): 26–27.
827:Foldes, Andor. "Béla Bartók."
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867:Cambridge Companions to Music
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117:) was one of the last pieces
497:; Rca Victor Red Seal, 1992.
495:St. Louis Symphony Orchestra
266:as a double stop against a D
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781:35, nos. 1–3 (1993): 45–50.
762:Viola Concerto (Op. posth.)
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381:New Philharmonia Orchestra
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87:December 2, 1949
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1527:Suite paysanne hongroise
1419:Five Hungarian Folksongs
1304:Nine Little Piano Pieces
831:no. 43 (1957): 20+22-26.
788:12, no. 1 (1996): 11–33.
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1167:44 Duos for Two Violins
1044:The Miraculous Mandarin
949:25, no. 1 (2008): 3-45.
913:15 (Spring 1975): 7–25.
911:College Music Symposium
355:Concertgebouw Orchestra
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142:died, his close friend
1521:Polymodal chromaticism
1185:Sonata for Solo Violin
1119:Concerto for Orchestra
1093:Violin Concerto No. 2
1088:Violin Concerto No. 1
707:. The Classical Source
612:Nelson Dellamaggiore,
550:T. 35 (1993-1994): 47.
123:Saranac Lake, New York
947:Journal of Musicology
836:(subscription access)
477:As a cello concerto:
1496:Hungarian folk music
1458:Homage to Paderewski
1342:Romanian Folk Dances
1078:Piano Concerto No. 3
1073:Piano Concerto No. 2
1068:Piano Concerto No. 1
1009:List of compositions
890:Music in New Zealand
705:The Classical Source
456:; ECM-Records, 2000.
349:; William Primrose;
188:String Quartet No. 6
1394:Two Romanian Dances
1290:Fourteen Bagatelles
851:23 (1981): 295–322.
808:Music & Letters
431:The New York Album,
1506:Musical cryptogram
1433:Five Songs, Op. 15
1135:Hungarian Pictures
1026:Bluebeard's Castle
858:24 (1983): 381–91.
841:2008-05-16 at the
731:"Walton, William."
579:The New York Times
1616:1945 compositions
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1051:The Wooden Prince
961:The Musical Times
895:Maurice, Donald.
614:Facsimile Edition
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418:conducted by
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95:: Minneapolis
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1501:Magyar Rádió
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1324:Piano Sonata
1318:Petite Suite
1316:
1311:Out of Doors
1309:
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1276:For Children
1274:
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383:; EMI, 1991.
377:Antal Dorati
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156:Antal Doráti
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38:The violist
1516:Night music
1297:Mikrokosmos
1283:Four Dirges
1124:Dance Suite
1061:Concertante
998:Béla Bartók
466:- with the
460:James Ehnes
420:Marc Taddei
302:bar plus a
144:Tibor Serly
119:Béla Bartók
54:120, BB 128
26:Béla Bartók
1600:Categories
1112:Orchestral
724:References
711:5 February
333:Recordings
184:ritornello
180:Allegretto
91:1949-12-02
74:Dedication
1468:Namesakes
1174:Contrasts
877:(cloth);
100:Movements
84:Performed
48:Catalogue
1553:Category
1534:Triptych
1355:Sonatina
839:Archived
269:♮
263:♯
235:Editions
228:♭
222:♭
213:♭
207:♭
131:leukemia
59:Composed
1489:Related
1159:Chamber
1142:Kossuth
1036:Ballets
918:Strings
885:(pbk.).
176:Scherzo
172:Allegro
154:, with
137:History
89: (
64: (
1576:Portal
1229:Choral
931:
903:
881:
873:
821:
799:
771:
747:
1563:Audio
1404:Songs
1247:Piano
1219:No. 6
1214:No. 5
1209:No. 4
1204:No. 3
1199:No. 2
1194:No. 1
1018:Opera
954:Tempo
829:Tempo
616:, 25.
521:Notes
103:Three
929:ISBN
901:ISBN
879:ISBN
871:ISBN
819:ISBN
797:ISBN
769:ISBN
745:ISBN
713:2024
174:, a
166:Form
109:The
66:1945
62:1945
52:Sz.
24:by
1602::
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679:^
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462::
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1578::
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1192:(
990:e
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581:.
310:4
295:4
280:4
93:)
68:)
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