47:
1430:
556:
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1165:
1120:
1090:
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family took refuge in a suburb of Vienna. On the wishes of Peter Voigtländer's wife and when the March revolutions of 1848 hindered the further development of the young photographic company, the family promptly re-located from Vienna to his wife's hometown
Braunschweig, where from 1849 Voigtländer established a subsidiary production site, granted on a provisional "Concession for the pursuit of a trade", issued by the city directorate with a term of five years. In September 1852, Peter Voigtländer was successfully awarded a so-called "land-cooperative" (German
1358:
1346:
1334:
535:
528:
647:
1418:
1382:
344:
2024:
1442:
1406:
1948:
511:
1967:
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1808:
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1910:
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1786:
2005:
1688:
1853:
1986:
1710:
38:
2022:, Albrecht W. Tronnier; Joachim Eggert & Fritz Uberhagen, "Wide-aperture objective of the expanded double-anastigmat type having an inner biconvex diaphragm-space and a concave front survace toward the distant object", published October 12, 1971, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
692:
with five elements in three groups consisting of two cemented doublets flanking a central bi-concave element, followed quickly by an improved asymmetric design. The Heliar was made over many years, and was usually a 5 element lens, the 75 mm versions were of a 6 element design. The 125 mm
478:
of
October 1848, the counter-revolution had strengthened with full force, and General Messenhauser of the revolting national civil guard, like many others—were executed. Voigtländer at that time had in perception of the power relations withdrawn from the Vienna national civil guard and with his
448:, at that time the central hub in the German rail network. Compared to Vienna, Braunschweig offered a location advantage regarding the distribution of Voigtländer objectives and daguerreotype camera products due to the greater proximity to the German overseas ports.
328:
etc., including, a screw cutting machine, a metal lathe and finishing rollers for sheep wool and silk factories. The production program was supplemented by compasses, tweezers, levelling devices, dioptres and other fine mechanical products.
340:, but above all the right to establish branch sales offices in all major cities of the empire. In the same year, Voigtländer died, and his successful family business was continued by his widow, their three sons and one daughter.
1946:, Albrecht W. Tronnier, "Photographic teleobjective having a composite positive front part axially spaced from a composite negative rear part", published December 15, 1953, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
1965:, Albrecht W. Tronnier, "Photographic objective of the modified triplet type and a meniscus shaped negative member axially separated therefrom", published May 22, 1956, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
367:
55:
camera No. 84 Voigtländer & Son in Vienna, at the
Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. The revolutionary lens is light-fast so that exposure time could be reduced to around one
1927:, Albrecht W. Tronnier, "Modified gauss-type photographic objective formed of four components arranged in two groups", published March 3, 1954, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
313:): "on the making of mathematical instruments and on an unspecified number of workers", upon which Voigtländer founded his own workshop and whereby he could sell his products relatively unrivalled.
567:
Over the next three decades, Voigtländer became a technology leader and the first manufacturer to introduce several new photographic products that later became commonplace. These include the first
1806:, Albrecht W. Tronnier, "Five-lens photographic objective comprising three members separated by air spaces", published July 14, 1953, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
46:
1908:, Albrecht W. Tronnier, "Photographic objective of high light-transmitting capacity of the gauss type", published July 14, 1953, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
1889:, Albrecht W. Tronnier, "Sphärisch, chromatisch, astigmatisch und komatisch korrigiertes Objektiv", published August 28, 1958, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
244:
2121:
622:
each took an equal one-third share; in 1974, Rollei took over all the shares. On the collapse of Rollei in 1982, Plusfoto took over the name, selling it in 1997 to
Ringfoto.
602:
ceased camera production and closed the Voigtländer factory, which employed at the time 2,037 persons. Subsequently, the company was reorganized as the collective enterprise
655:
1429:
332:
In recognition of his achievements and dexterity, Voigtländer received in 1797 a so-called "national commercial license with all advantages and privileges" (German
2003:, Ernst Tronnier & Joachim Eggert, "Three lens photographic objective", published April 6, 1965, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
464:
1039:
483:) and issued the desired unrestricted "Concession for the pursuit of a trade" in the city Braunschweig. In 1864, Peter Voigtländer was honoured by Emperor
666:
Original Voigtländer lens designs can be divided roughly between pre-war designs, which date back to a series of lenses developed by Dr. Hans
Harting as
429:
cameras shortly afterwards. An original of the 1840 all-metal daguerreotype camera with "No. 84 Voigtländer & Sohn in Vienna" is exhibited in the "
1164:
1870:, Albrecht W. Tronnier, "Four-lens photographic objective", published October 30, 1951, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
1708:, "Chromatisch, sphärisch und astigmatisch korrigiertes Objektiv", published June 10, 1902, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
401:
were revolutionary because they were the first mathematically calculated precision objectives in the history of photography, developed by the
440:
lawyer, whom he had met on one of his photographic sale journeys in
Braunschweig. Voigtländer had previously set up a branch sales office in
372:
1784:, Albrecht W. Tronnier, "Five-lens photographic objective", published July 14, 1953, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
835:, joined Voigtländer as a consultant in 1944 and is credited with several important post-war improvements and original designs, including:
699:
was a similar five-element, three-group lens designed by
Harting in 1904, but the cemented doublets were reversed compared to the original
456:
2465:
2083:
1663:
2475:
302:
2128:
1149:
676:
derivatives at around the start of the 20th century, and post-war designs, which largely are credited to Dr. Albrecht
Tronnier.
1333:
2057:
1619:
1548:
316:
In 1767, Voigtländer invented two important tools: a linear device for natural and tapered gauges, and a circular device for
966:
was designed by Frank G. Back of Zoomar U.S.A and manufactured by
Kilfitt in Munich; it is usually reckoned to be the first
17:
2101:
1024:
1637:
1119:
1089:
527:
994:
2043:
1534:
1104:
630:
Since 1999, Voigtländer-branded products have been manufactured and marketed by the
Japanese optics and camera company
249:
1580:
1074:
1059:
979:
336:); this license awarded Voigtländer under certain circumstances the prestige to display the imperial eagle of the
1686:, Carl A.H. Harting, "Lens", published December 16, 1902, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
1009:
290:
in 1755, and to Vienna in the same year, and worked from 1757 to 1762 in the workshop of Meinicke, who produced
555:
1345:
1134:
1984:, Frank G. Back, "Varifocal lens assembly", published November 24, 1959, assigned to Zoomar
2470:
2097:
502:
Voigtländer. On the death of Voigtländer's Vienna works manager, the Vienna business was closed in 1868.
2019:
2000:
1981:
1962:
1943:
1924:
1905:
1867:
1851:, Hans Harting, "Lens", published July 12, 1904, assigned to Voigtländer & Sohn AG
1803:
1781:
377:
established Voigtländer as a leading photographic company of its time on introducing and producing the
1886:
1848:
1705:
1683:
484:
2198:
1458:
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1357:
1218:
1214:
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291:
255:
207:
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1822:
1475:
1311:
1295:
1393:
359:
2460:
2298:
2114:
1464:
1315:
1236:
413:, with technical advice provided by Peter Voigtländer. Voigtländer went on to produce the first
2247:
1305:
1255:
548:(Voigtländer & Sohn AG) in 1898. In 1923 a majority of the shares (99.7%) were acquired by
469:
2175:
1469:
1381:
1291:
1272:
1268:
585:
492:
354:
Voigtländer (November 17, 1812 in Vienna – April 7, 1878 in Braunschweig). Portrait photo on
2265:
1281:
1240:
661:
635:
922:
866:
cameras, credited as a Carl Zeiss lens after that company had acquired Voigtländer in 1956.
240:
96:
2165:
2160:
1417:
1277:
8:
1441:
832:
686:, designed by Dr. Hans Harting originally in 1902 as a symmetric design derived from the
263:
259:
151:
2180:
2152:
1667:
1664:
Objektiv Voigtländer Super Nokton – Ideal für Aufnahmen im Dunklen – Stiftung Warentest
1405:
1247:
1209:
544:
445:
426:
394:
2053:
1615:
1576:
1544:
488:
337:
309:
of Austria granted Voigtländer in 1763 a so-called trade "Protection Decree" (German
298:
534:
459:, Peter Voigtländer had joined the political cause of the Democrats and also became
1228:
646:
578:
430:
2073:
862:
designs. This later was reformulated in 1968 with a concave front element for the
2323:
2301:
2228:
2093:
2018:
1605:
1570:
872:, the fastest asymmetric double Gauss lens offered by Voigtländer, comparable to
739:
735:
475:
452:
402:
2088:
417:(the fastest lens at that time: f/3.6) in 1840, and the world's first all-metal
297:
Through Johann Voigtländer's skilful achievements, the Minister of State of the
2417:
942:
Dynarex, Dynaret, Color-Dynarex, Super-Dynarex, Super-Dynaret, telephoto lenses
873:
634:, under license from Ringfoto GmbH & Co. ALFO Marketing KG; for these, see
1754:
1614:] (in German). Vol. 10. Munich: K.G. Saur Verlag. 2008. p. 292.
726:, designed by Tronnier in 1949 which shared lens geometries with the improved
2454:
2339:
2208:
2052:] (in German). Braunschweig: Museum für Photographie – Appelhans Verlag.
1543:] (in German). Braunschweig: Museum für Photographie – Appelhans Verlag.
1369:
751:
730:
that Tronnier developed at the same time. Most are slightly radioactive; the
688:
667:
607:
418:
355:
343:
306:
267:
156:
52:
2389:
2320:
887:
856:
843:
823:
773:
615:
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441:
437:
414:
398:
378:
216:
176:
160:
347:
Photo of Johann Christoph Voigtländer's grandson: Peter Wilhelm Friedrich
2392:
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953:
846:
572:
549:
390:
325:
146:
69:
37:
2190:
959:
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552:'s photo division and large-scale production then took place in 1925.
967:
851:
568:
510:
321:
317:
224:
1202:
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882:
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901:
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271:
220:
182:
577:) in 1959 and the first 35 mm compact camera with built-in
2367:
2222:
2212:
2078:
863:
672:
631:
619:
496:
436:
In 1845, Peter Voigtländer married the daughter of a respected
348:
287:
236:
212:
164:
131:
92:
65:
2106:
2045:
Voigtländer & Sohn: Die Firmengeschichte von 1756 bis 1914
1536:
Voigtländer & Sohn: Die Firmengeschichte von 1756 bis 1914
538:
Share of the Voigtländer & Sohn AG, issued September 1925
51:
Replica of the world's first all-metal camera from 1840, the
2050:
Voigtländer & Son: The company history from 1756 to 1914
1999:
1541:
Voigtländer & Son: The company history from 1756 to 1914
738:-doped glass used in its construction, which often included
463:
to the commander of the Vienna national civil guard—General
286:– June 27, 1797 in Vienna), the son of a carpenter, came to
707:. Robert Richter designed several improved versions of the
598:
integrated in 1965. Due to falling sales, on 4 August 1971
559:
Former headquarters and production site of Voigtländer, at
717:, another five-element, three-group design similar to the
656:
List of Voigtländer Bessamatic/Ultramatic DKL-mount lenses
2089:
Complete list of all Voigtländer cameras and their images
925:
wide-angle lens design for SLR cameras incorporating the
831:
Tronnier, who previously had designed several lenses for
499:
351:
211:) was a significant long-established company within the
970:
specifically designed for a 35 mm "still" camera.
451:
During the rising social and political tensions in the
1961:
1942:
1923:
1904:
1885:
1866:
1802:
1780:
1572:
Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology
899:, an asymmetric design coupling the front half of a
542:
Voigtländer Braunschweig changed status to a public
397:
and from 1840 complete cameras for photography. The
525:lens, focal length 42 cm, Serial number 79862
282:Johann Christoph Voigtländer (November 19, 1732 in
193:
optical lenses, cameras, and other related products
1636:
1682:
1435:Vitomatic IIa camera with Color Skopar f/2.8 lens
384:
2452:
1755:"Voigtländer Large Format Lenses from 1949-1972"
138:RINGFOTO GmbH & Co. ALFO Marketing KG (1997)
584:Schering sold its share of the company to the
368:Peter Wilhelm Friedrich Ritter von Voigtländer
266:, including optical measuring instruments and
2122:
1980:
1798:
1796:
757:Similar post-war triplet designs include the
1847:
1776:
1774:
905:with the rear half of a double Gauss design.
600:Zeiss-Ikon/Voigtländer-Vertriebsgesellschaft
571:for 35 mm still photography (36–82/2.8
495:; becoming known as Peter Wilhelm Friedrich
305:, drew attention to Voigtländer and Empress
215:and photographic industry, headquartered in
2041:
1860:
1752:
1700:
1698:
1678:
1676:
1532:
389:From 1839, the year, when the invention of
2129:
2115:
1793:
474:. As the revolutions escalated during the
45:
36:
2094:Documents and clippings about Voigtländer
1823:"Carl Zeiss Ultron 50mm f1.8 Lens Review"
1771:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1568:
1738:
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1695:
1673:
1339:Vitomatic IIa with Ultron 50 mm 1:2
1173:(1968, Tronnier, Eggert & Uberhagen)
645:
554:
533:
509:
342:
1634:
1575:. London: Routledge. pp. 958–959.
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14:
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606:(Optical Works Voigtländer), in which
227:for a range of photographic products.
2110:
1717:
1607:Deutschen Biographischen Enzyklopädie
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
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1496:
1494:
1492:
952:In addition, Voigtländer offered the
505:
206:
1557:
933:Additional post-war lenses include:
1589:
277:
24:
2035:
1489:
693:version actually had 11 elements.
415:Petzval portrait photographic lens
366:From 1840, Voigtländer's grandson
25:
2487:
2067:
1612:German Biographical Encyclopaedia
625:
596:Voigtländer-Vertriebsgesellschaft
2466:Photography companies of Germany
1635:Deschin, Jacob (15 March 1959).
1569:Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (1996).
1440:
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1416:
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1392:
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1133:
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1103:
1088:
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1038:
1023:
1008:
993:
978:
703:; this design was later renamed
526:
2476:Companies based in Braunschweig
2136:
2074:Voigtländer Heliar Lens Article
2012:
1993:
1974:
1955:
1936:
1917:
1898:
1879:
1841:
1815:
1753:Cröll, Arne (August 10, 2020).
911:, a telephoto derived from the
1657:
1628:
1472:rangefinder cameras (1950–59?)
385:Photography optics and cameras
136:Plusfoto GmbH & Co. (1983)
72:(lens and camera manufacturer)
13:
1:
2084:Voigtländer Historical Lenses
2042:Grabenhorst, Carsten (2002).
1533:Grabenhorst, Carsten (2002).
1482:
1158:(1960, Tronnier & Eggert)
679:The pre-war designs include:
650:Super Nokton 29 mm f/0.8
515:
425:) in 1840, also bringing out
2079:http://www.voigtlaender.com/
1399:Vitessa T with German manual
270:, and is the oldest name in
245:Johann Christoph Voigtländer
106:Johann Christoph Voigtländer
82:; 268 years ago
7:
2098:20th Century Press Archives
235:Voigtländer was founded in
223:, and today continues as a
27:German optical manufacturer
10:
2492:
2256:Vito / Vitessa / Vitomatic
945:Septon, comparable to the
659:
653:
604:Optische Werke Voigtländer
393:was being published, came
230:
2416:
2388:
2366:
2338:
2319:
2297:
2290:
2264:
2243:
2207:
2189:
2151:
2144:
1304:
1246:
1227:
1208:
1188:
1184:Voigtländer camera lines
1178:
974:Voigtländer lens diagrams
641:
485:Franz Joseph I of Austria
311:Schutzdekret/Schutzdecret
303:Prince Wenzel von Kaunitz
189:
171:
142:
125:
110:
102:
76:
61:
44:
35:
962:starting from 1959. The
849:comparable to the Leitz
563:in Braunschweig, Germany
411:Josef Maximilian Petzval
292:mathematical instruments
256:mathematical instruments
772:, a 4-element, 3-group
360:Johann Baptist Isenring
254:. Voigtländer produced
2020:US Patent 3612663A
2001:US Patent 3176582A
1982:US Patent 2913957A
1963:US Patent 2746351A
1944:US Patent 2662446A
1925:US Patent 2670659A
1906:US Patent 2645155A
1868:US Patent 2573511A
1804:US Patent 2645156A
1782:US Patent 2645154A
1638:"Zoom Lens For Stills"
651:
564:
539:
531:
409:mathematics professor
399:Voigtländer objectives
379:Petzval objective lens
363:
2199:Bessamatic/Ultramatic
1887:DE Patent 969778C
1849:US Patent 765006A
1706:DE Patent 143889C
1684:US Patent 716035A
1461:SLR cameras (1958–69)
1288:Interchangeable lens
785:designs were sold as
649:
586:Carl Zeiss Foundation
558:
537:
514:Wooden studio camera
513:
493:Order of Franz Joseph
346:
334:Landesfabriksbefugnis
208:[ˈfoːktlɛndɐ]
204:German pronunciation:
1670:, 2021-05-06, German
1351:Bessa & Bessa RF
1265:Fixed-lens, folding
842:, a fast asymmetric
618:camera manufacturer
260:precision mechanical
241:Archduchy of Austria
97:Archduchy of Austria
1328:Voigtländer cameras
1269:Vito (I/II/III/IIa)
1185:
833:Schneider Kreuznach
734:name refers to the
581:(Vitrona) in 1965.
465:Wenzel Messenhauser
457:Revolutions of 1848
264:optical instruments
152:Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung
32:
2471:Lens manufacturers
2266:Cosina Voigtländer
1668:Stiftung Warentest
1643:The New York Times
1465:Brillant/Brilliant
1252:Fixed-lens, rigid
1183:
923:inverted telephoto
750:, a three-element
662:Cosina Voigtländer
652:
636:Cosina Voigtländer
565:
545:Aktiengesellschaft
540:
532:
506:Public corporation
481:Markgenossenschaft
446:Duchy of Brunswick
427:photographic plate
364:
30:
18:Voigtländer Superb
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2324:wide angle lenses
2302:wide angle lenses
2286:
2285:
2059:978-3-930292-25-7
1621:978-3-598-25040-8
1550:978-3-930292-25-7
1325:
1324:
521:with Voigtländer
338:Habsburg monarchy
299:Habsburg monarchy
197:
196:
129:Brand acquired by
16:(Redirected from
2483:
2418:Telephoto lenses
2295:
2294:
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2148:
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2124:
2117:
2108:
2107:
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1829:. March 27, 2020
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1186:
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1137:
1128:(1952, Tronnier)
1122:
1113:(1951, Tronnier)
1107:
1098:(1951, Tronnier)
1092:
1083:(1950, Tronnier)
1077:
1068:(1950, Tronnier)
1062:
1053:(1949, Tronnier)
1048:(1949, Tronnier)
1042:
1033:(1949, Tronnier)
1027:
1012:
997:
982:
579:electronic flash
530:
520:
517:
473:
431:Deutsches Museum
423:Ganzmetallkamera
403:Austro-Hungarian
395:objective optics
376:
278:Early beginnings
253:
210:
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90:
88:
83:
49:
40:
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29:
21:
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2279:Bessaflex (SLR)
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2036:Further reading
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2068:External links
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1649:September 12,
1645:. p. X11
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760:
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752:Cooke Triplet
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722:
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711:in the 1920s.
710:
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689:Cooke triplet
685:
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668:Cooke triplet
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608:Carl Zeiss AG
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53:daguerreotype
48:
43:
39:
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19:
2390:Double Gauss
2378:Heliostigmat
2321:Double Gauss
2137:
2049:
2044:
2014:
1995:
1976:
1957:
1938:
1919:
1900:
1881:
1862:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1826:
1817:
1761:. Retrieved
1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1642:
1630:
1611:
1606:
1571:
1540:
1535:
1170:
1155:
1143:(1959, Back)
1140:
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811:Heliostigmat
810:
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799:Color-Skopar
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629:
616:Braunschweig
612:Lower Saxony
603:
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583:
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561:Campe-Straße
560:
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541:
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438:Braunschweig
435:
422:
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296:
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234:
217:Braunschweig
199:
198:
177:Braunschweig
172:Headquarters
161:Lower Saxony
2461:Voigtländer
2221:Bessaflex (
2138:Voigtländer
1827:Lens Legend
1046:Apo Lanthar
847:normal lens
778:type lens.
754:derivative
724:Apo Lanthar
550:Schering AG
519: 1909
468: [
391:photography
371: [
326:cartography
248: [
200:Voigtländer
159:, state of
147:Schering AG
70:photography
31:Voigtländer
2455:Categories
2299:Retrofocus
1483:References
1459:Ultramatic
1455:Bessamatic
1387:Vitoret DR
1256:Vito (B/C)
1219:Ultramatic
1215:Bessamatic
1198:35 mm
1051:Heliar III
960:Bessamatic
715:Tele-Dynar
660:See also:
654:See also:
591:Zeiss-Ikon
362:, ca. 1843
262:products,
2171:Prominent
1476:Vitomatic
1375:Vitoret S
1312:Vitomatic
1296:Prominent
1292:Vitessa T
1171:Ultron II
1001:Heliar II
968:zoom lens
958:with its
852:Summicron
781:Improved
569:zoom lens
487:with the
322:astrolabe
318:elevation
225:trademark
143:Successor
2406:Skopagon
2331:Ultragon
2312:Skoparon
2309:Skoparex
1237:Brillant
1126:Skoparon
1096:Ultragon
986:Heliar I
919:Skoparon
897:Ultragon
883:Summilux
878:Ernostar
795:Skopagon
791:Skoparet
787:Skoparex
614:and the
461:adjutant
421:camera (
190:Products
62:Industry
2437:Telomar
2434:Dynaron
2431:Dynarex
2428:Dynaret
2359:Voigtar
2353:Lanthar
2340:Triplet
2248:P&S
2245:Samsung
2176:Vitessa
2145:Cameras
2100:of the
2096:in the
1470:Vitessa
1363:Vito II
1316:Vitoret
1310:Bessy,
1306:Compact
1273:Vitessa
1111:Telomar
938:Helomar
909:Telomar
902:Topogon
825:Dialyte
748:Voigtar
732:Lanthar
491:of the
284:Leipzig
272:cameras
231:History
221:Germany
183:Germany
116: (
111:Defunct
103:Founder
85: (
77:Founded
56:minute.
2409:Ultron
2403:Septon
2400:Nokton
2381:Skopar
2368:Tessar
2356:Vaskar
2350:Heliar
2291:Lenses
2236:VSL 3E
2223:Icarex
2213:Rollei
2166:Perkeo
2056:
2026:
2007:
1988:
1969:
1950:
1931:
1912:
1893:
1874:
1855:
1833:16 May
1810:
1788:
1763:16 May
1712:
1690:
1618:
1579:
1547:
1457:&
1447:VF 135
1411:Superb
1282:Perkeo
1241:Superb
1190:Format
1179:Models
1156:Vaskar
1141:Zoomar
1081:Nokton
1066:Ultron
1031:Skopar
1003:(1902)
964:Zoomar
955:Zoomar
947:Ultron
927:Skopar
913:Heliar
890:Sonnar
888:Zeiss
886:, and
870:Nokton
864:Icarex
859:Planar
857:Zeiss
840:Ultron
820:Radiar
815:Tessar
801:, and
783:Skopar
775:Tessar
770:Skopar
759:Vaskar
728:Heliar
719:Heliar
709:Heliar
705:Heliar
701:Heliar
684:Heliar
673:Tessar
642:Lenses
632:Cosina
620:Rollei
574:Zoomar
523:Heliar
497:Ritter
407:Slovak
349:Ritter
324:, and
288:Prague
237:Vienna
213:optics
167:(1972)
165:Rollei
154:(1956)
149:(1923)
134:(1973)
132:Rollei
93:Vienna
66:optics
2425:Dynar
2233:VSL 2
2229:VSL 1
2215:(SLR)
2209:Zeiss
2161:Bessa
2153:RF/VF
2048:[
1758:(PDF)
1610:[
1539:[
1423:Bessy
1278:Bessa
1016:Dynar
921:, an
697:Dynar
472:]
375:]
252:]
2276:(RF)
2181:Vito
2054:ISBN
1835:2023
1765:2023
1651:2017
1616:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1545:ISBN
1193:Type
855:and
822:, a
761:and
670:and
594:and
163:and
126:Fate
118:1972
114:1972
87:1756
80:1756
68:and
2191:SLR
2102:ZBW
1229:TLR
1210:SLR
876:'s
500:von
358:by
352:von
91:in
2457::
2211:/
1825:.
1795:^
1773:^
1719:^
1697:^
1675:^
1666:,
1641:.
1591:^
1559:^
1491:^
1321:—
1314:,
1300:—
1294:,
1280:,
1271:,
1260:—
1248:RF
1239:,
1233:—
1223:—
1217:,
797:,
793:,
789:,
638:.
516:c.
470:de
444:,
381:.
373:de
320:,
294:.
274:.
258:,
250:de
239:,
219:,
180:,
95:,
2225:)
2130:e
2123:t
2116:v
2062:.
1837:.
1767:.
1653:.
1624:.
1585:.
1553:.
929:.
915:.
893:.
805:.
742:.
405:/
301:—
202:(
120:)
89:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
