572:
177:
147:
39:
649:, it was discovered the Y chromosome has been lost entirely; the male-determining chromosome is actually a second X that is largely identical to the female X, and both the maternally inherited and male-specific sex chromosomes carry vestiges of the ancestral Y. This is quite unusual in mammals, as the XY system is fairly stable across a number of mammal species.
577:
574:
573:
626:. Male prairie voles with the longest DNA strings spend more time with their mates and pups than male prairie voles with shorter strings. However, other scientists have disputed the gene's relationship to monogamy, and cast doubt on whether the human version plays an analogous role. Physiologically, pair-bonding behavior has been shown to be connected to
576:
1362:
One hundred ninety-four prey items were recorded from 31 Northern Pygmy-Owls. Thirteen bird and four mammal species were eaten (see Table I for list and scientific names of prey items). Mammals represented 60.8% of the prey and birds at least 36.6%. Microtus voles represented 53.6% of the total prey
679:
Male voles are territorial and tend to include territories of several female voles when possible. Under these conditions polygyny exists and males offer little parental care. Males mark and aggressively defend their territories since females prefer males with the most recent marking in a given area.
683:
Voles prefer familiar mates through olfactory sensory exploitation. Monogamous voles prefer males who have yet to mate, while non-monogamous voles do not. Mate preference in voles develops through cohabitation in as little as 24 hours. This drives young male voles to show non-limiting preference
474:
are another favorite target for voles; their excellent burrowing and tunnelling skills give them access to sensitive areas without clear or early warning. The presence of large numbers of voles is often identifiable only after they have destroyed a number of plants. However, like other burrowing
743:
specifically, found that voles comfort each other when mistreated, spending more time grooming a mistreated vole. Voles that were not mistreated had levels of stress hormones that were similar to the voles that had been mistreated, suggesting that the voles were capable of empathizing with each
643:
chromosome has been found in both males and females in at least one species. In another species, the X chromosome contains 20% of the genome. All of these variations result in very little physical aberration; most vole species are virtually indistinguishable. In one species, the creeping vole
642:
Voles have a number of unusual chromosomal traits. Species have been found with 17 to 64 chromosomes. In some species, males and females have different chromosome numbers, a trait unusual in mammals, though it is seen in other organisms. Additionally, genetic material typically found on the Y
638:
levels, with the genetic influence apparently arising via the number of receptors for these substances in the brain; the pair-bonding behavior has also been shown in experiments to be strongly modifiable by administering some of these substances directly.
1746:
Couger, Matthew B.; Roy, Scott W.; Anderson, Noelle; Gozashti, Landen; Pirro, Stacy; Millward, Lindsay S.; Kim, Michelle; Kilburn, Duncan; Liu, Kelvin J.; Wilson, Todd M.; Epps, Clinton W.; Dizney, Laurie; Ruedas, Luis A.; Campbell, Polly (7 May 2021).
616:, has promiscuously mating males, and scientists have changed adult male meadow voles' behavior to resemble that of prairie voles in experiments in which a viral vector was used to increase a single gene's expression within a particular brain region.
412:
Voles are small rodents that grow to 8–23 cm (3–9 in), depending on the species. Females can have five to ten litters per year, though with an average lifespan of three months and requiring one month to adulthood, two litters is the norm.
661:
and parental care. Environmental conditions play a large part in dictating which system is active in a given population. Voles live in colonies due to the young remaining in the family group for relatively long periods. In the genus
575:
706:) exhibits male-biased dispersal as a means of avoiding incestuous matings. Among those matings that involve inbreeding, the number of weaned juveniles in litters is significantly fewer than that from noninbred litters, due to
668:, monogamy is preferred when resources are spatially homogeneous and population densities are low; where the opposites of both conditions are realized, polygamous tendencies arise. Vole mating systems are also sensitive to the
1515:
Lim, Miranda M.; Wang, Zuoxin; Olazábal, Daniel E.; Ren, Xianghui; Terwilliger, Ernest F.; Young, Larry J. (2004). "Enhanced partner preference in a promiscuous species by manipulating the expression of a single gene".
459:, they will eat dead animals and, like mice and rats, they can live on almost any nut or fruit. In addition, voles target plants more than most other small animals, making their presence evident. Voles readily
1236:
1273:
We used the regression to estimate the age distribution of 1,703 red tree voles found in northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) pellets collected in western Oregon during 1970–2009.
1131:
In
Connecticut, bobcats prey on cottontail rabbits, woodchucks, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, voles, white-tailed deer, birds, and, to a much lesser extent, insects and reptiles.
731:. Such a strategy is likely an adaptation to avoid the inbreeding depression that would be caused by expression of deleterious recessive alleles if close relatives mated.
1476:
Photos of the skull and jaw bones of a Wood Mouse; House Mouse; Field Vole; Common Shrew; Brown Rat, Bank Vole and Pygmy Shrew – the main prey of wild Barn Owls in the UK.
687:
Although females show little territoriality, under pair bonding conditions they tend to show aggression toward other female voles. This behavior is flexible as some
2285:
592:, live longer and usually die during their second, or rarely their third, winter. As many as 88% of voles are estimated to die within the first month of life.
1099:
1856:
Streatfeild, C.; Mabry, K.; Keane, B.; Crist, T.; Solomon, N. (2011). "Intraspecific
Variability in the Social and Genetic Mating System of Prairie Voles,
719:) lives in groups that mainly consist of close relatives. However, they show no sign of inbreeding. The mating system of these voles involves a type of
676:
is more likely. However the most marked effect on mating system is population density and these effects can take place both inter and intra-specifically.
1103:
2175:"Inbreeding avoidance drives consistent variation of fine-scale genetic structure caused by dispersal in the seasonal mating system of Brandt's voles"
2321:
755:
This type of empathetic behavior has previously been thought to occur only in animals with advanced cognition such as humans, apes, and elephants.
684:
toward female siblings. This is not inclusive to females' preference for males which may help to explain the absence of interbreeding indicators.
1661:
588:
The average lifespan for smaller species of vole is three to six months, and they rarely live longer than 12 months. Larger species, such as the
727:
for females. This system increases the frequency of mating among distantly related individuals, and is achieved mainly by dispersal during the
1895:
Zhang, J.; Zhang, Z. (2003). "Influence of
Operational Sex Ratio and Density on the Copulatory Behaviour and Mating System of Brandt's Vole
693:
females share dens during the winter months, perhaps to conserve heat and energy. Populations which are monogamous show relatively minor
2119:
Ishibashi Y, Saitoh T (2008). "Role of male-biased dispersal in inbreeding avoidance in the grey-sided vole (Myodes rufocanus)".
2092:
Lee, C.; Chui, C.; Lin, L.; Lin, Y. (2014). "Partner
Preference and Mating System of the Taiwan Field Vole (Microtus kikuchii)".
1980:
Parker, K.; Phillips, K.; Lee, T. (2001). "Development of
Selective Partner Preferences in Captive Male and Female Meadow Voles,
672:
and tend toward monogamy when males and females are present in equal numbers. Where one sex is more numerous than the other,
1810:
Potapov, M.; Zadubrovskaya, I.; Zabudrovskii, P.; Potapova, O.; Eviskov, V. (2011). "Mating
Systems in the Steppe Lemming (
1583:
Hammock, E. A. D.; Young, LJ (2005). "Microsatellite
Instability Generates Diversity in Brain and Sociobehavioral Traits".
370:, but with a stouter body; a longer, hairy tail; a slightly rounder head; smaller eyes and ears; and differently formed
2299:
1449:
I was able to identify that two sets of lower jaw bones appeared to be from a bank vole and one set from a field vole.
122:
608:
social fidelity, since the male is usually socially faithful to the female, and shares in the raising of pups. The
103:
1489:
1116:
1421:
Of the small mammals, voles (Microtus) were clearly the most numerous prey group, representing 97.6% of all prey.
425:, vole populations can grow very large within a short time. One mating pair can produce 100 offspring in a year.
75:
2281:
60:
1563:
1144:
422:
1392:
82:
2362:
1237:"Age Distribution of Red Tree Voles in Northern Spotted Owl Pellets Estimated from Molar Tooth Development"
475:
rodents, they also play beneficial roles, including dispersing nutrients throughout the upper soil layers.
1223:
Voles comprised more than 95% of the diet of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) breeding in western
Montana.
1173:
Field voles and roe deer
Capreolus capreolus L. were the two main prey species in the diet of the red fox.
673:
2357:
374:(high-crowned with angular cusps instead of low-crowned with rounded cusps). They are sometimes known as
1285:
176:
1717:
89:
1461:
470:
Voles often eat succulent root systems and burrow under plants and eat away until the plant is dead.
1434:
1749:"Sex chromosome transformation and the origin of a male-specific X chromosome in the creeping vole"
71:
49:
1320:
Diet by biomass consisted mainly of northern pocket gophers (67 percent) and voles (27 percent).
715:
707:
669:
56:
20:
467:. This girdling can easily kill young plants and is not healthy for trees and other shrubs.
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8:
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2001:
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2005:
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1993:
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1600:
1555:
1535:
1518:
1388:
1248:
1198:
1156:
702:
657:
Voles may be either monogamous or polygamous, which leads to differing patterns of
645:
2022:
Salo, A.; Dewsbury, D. (1995). "Three
Experiments on Mate Choice in Meadow Voles (
1873:
619:
The behavior is influenced by the number of repetitions of a particular string of
96:
2199:
1334:"Diets of Northern Pygmy-Owls and Northern Saw-Whet Owls in West-Central Montana"
1286:"Northern Saw-whet Owl Life History, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
927:
540:
418:
320:
1310:
2039:
1143:
O'Mahony, Declan; Lambin, Xavier; MacKinnon, James L.; Coles, Chris F. (1999).
620:
556:
299:
2338:
2061:
Lambin, X.; Krebs, C.; Scott, B. (1992). "Spacing Systems of the Tundra Vole (
1831:
2351:
2266:
1780:
1400:
1349:
1260:
1210:
1168:
996:
769:
The vole clock is a method of dating archaeological strata using vole teeth.
728:
609:
528:
429:
371:
27:
2105:
1934:
Ostfeld, R. (1986). "Territoriality and Mating System of California Voles".
1772:
1683:
1604:
2218:
2148:
1997:
1788:
1702:
1612:
1547:
1044:
1006:
939:
848:
830:
601:
548:
284:
2047:
1252:
1187:"Estimation of Body Mass of Voles from Crania in Short-Eared Owl Pellets"
975:
966:
909:
804:
658:
627:
613:
389:
269:
248:
1809:
1539:
1912:
1408:
1376:
1357:
1333:
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954:
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814:
796:
764:
536:
310:
262:
238:
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1039:
1032:
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987:
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839:
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is also usually monogamous. Another species from the same genus, the
464:
414:
386:
342:
292:
188:
155:
2257:
2232:
2078:
1963:
1202:
744:
other. This was further proven by blocking the vole's receptors for
38:
979:
946:
934:
917:
883:
865:
821:
788:
745:
689:
664:
635:
631:
552:
484:
460:
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328:
208:
163:
2342:
1955:
1377:"Barred Owl Winter Diet and Pellet Dimensions in Western Montana"
900:
516:
401:
397:
393:
367:
363:
335:
277:
1716:
DeWoody, J. Andrew; Triant, Deb; Main, Douglas M. (2006-09-14).
1235:
Marks-Fife, Chad A.; Forsman, Eric D.; Dugger, Katie M. (2020).
1142:
1718:"Rodent's bizarre traits deepen mystery of genetics, evolution"
874:
780:
524:
508:
504:
500:
488:
433:
359:
228:
218:
198:
1185:
Blem, C. R.; Blem, L. B.; Felix, Joel H.; Holt, D. W. (1993).
1462:"Owl pellet contents: small mammal bone identification guide"
971:
582:
520:
456:
445:
437:
146:
1145:"Fox predation on cyclic field vole populations in Britain"
532:
496:
471:
2065:) During the Breeding Season in Canada's Western Arctic".
1855:
1745:
623:
512:
492:
441:
1629:"DNA of Voles May Hint at Why Some Fathers Shirk Duties"
1657:"Mammalian monogamy is not controlled by a single gene"
1393:
10.1898/1051-1733(2007)88[7:BOWDAP]2.0.CO;2
1234:
1318:. United States Department of Agriculture. p. 3.
1106:. ACIAR Monograph No. 59, 494p Retrieved on 2018-03-28
428:
Voles outwardly resemble several other small animals.
1102:
in Singleton G, Hinds L, Leirs H, Zhang Z. ed. 1999.
63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2233:"Animal behaviour: Voles console stressed friends"
1514:
1979:
1715:
1184:
2349:
2173:Liu XH, Yue LF, Wang da W, Li N, Cong L (2013).
2060:
581:Releasing water voles in the Vale of Glamorgan,
417:lasts for three weeks and the young voles reach
2172:
2118:
1662:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1104:"Ecologically-based management of rodent pests"
595:
1363:eaten and 88.1% of the mammals eaten (Table 1)
697:compared with those using polygamous systems.
2091:
1121:CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website
400:. There are approximately 155 different vole
2320:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2112:
2021:
1582:
1332:Holt, Denver W.; Leroux, Leslie A. (1996).
1894:
1374:
1331:
1308:
1100:"Rodent–Ecosystem Relationships: a Review"
748:, a hormone involved in empathy. When the
734:
145:
2256:
2208:
2198:
1692:
1682:
1375:Holt, Denver W.; Bitter, Colleen (2007).
1309:Bull, Evelyn L.; Henjum, Mark G. (1990).
739:A 2016 study into the behavior of voles,
463:small trees and ground cover much like a
313:included but traditionally excluded taxa
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
570:
2279:
2273:
2017:
2015:
1975:
1973:
1933:
455:Voles thrive on small plants yet, like
2350:
2168:
2166:
1564:"Gene Linked to Lasting Love in Voles"
1561:
1432:
1851:
1849:
1818:) from the Northern Kulunda Steppe".
1490:"How to Control Voles in Your Garden"
2012:
1970:
1654:
1626:
1487:
752:were blocked this behavior stopped.
535:. Vole bones are often found in the
61:adding citations to reliable sources
32:
2163:
13:
1846:
1161:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb01287.x
604:is a notable animal model for its
14:
2374:
2332:
2028:Journal of Comparative Psychology
772:
448:have similar characteristics and
2141:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03969.x
834:– Afghan vole and Bucharian vole
695:size differences between genders
652:
421:in a month. As a result of this
175:
37:
2286:"2000 series: Elveden, Suffolk"
2225:
2085:
2054:
1927:
1888:
1803:
1739:
1709:
1648:
1576:
1508:
1481:
1454:
1426:
1368:
1191:The American Midland Naturalist
48:needs additional citations for
16:Type of small omnivorous rodent
2341:—National Geographic video on
2282:Natural History Museum, London
1488:Daar, Sheila (December 1997).
1325:
1302:
1278:
1228:
1178:
1136:
1109:
1092:
1075:"Vole Lifespan and Life Cycle"
1067:
407:
1:
1874:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.09.023
1627:Wade, Nicholas (2005-06-10).
1312:Ecology of the Great Gray Owl
1060:
758:
423:biological exponential growth
2200:10.1371/journal.pone.0058101
1562:Graham, Sarah (2004-06-17).
596:Genetics and sexual behavior
478:
7:
2339:"Genetic Code for Monogamy"
2067:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1814:) and Narrow-Skulled Vole (
566:
10:
2379:
2040:10.1037/0735-7036.109.1.42
1820:Russian Journal of Ecology
1435:"Dissecting an owl pellet"
762:
723:for males and extra-group
166:areas in Europe and Asia.
25:
18:
2243:(7587): 441. 2016-01-28.
1936:Journal of Animal Ecology
1832:10.1134/S1067413612010109
317:
309:
259:
254:
172:Scientific classification
170:
153:
144:
139:
1117:"Bobcats in Connecticut"
1000:- other red-backed voles
895:– Duke of Bedford's vole
289:– tree and heather voles
26:Not to be confused with
2106:10.6165/tai.2014.59.127
2024:Microtus pennsylvanicus
1982:Microtus pennsylvanicus
1773:10.1126/science.abg7019
1684:10.1073/pnas.0602380103
1605:10.1126/science.1111427
1381:Northwestern Naturalist
990:– some red-backed voles
735:Empathy and consolation
1998:10.1006/anbe.2000.1707
585:
385:Vole species form the
362:that are relatives of
1494:VegetableGardener.com
1433:naomim (2017-06-21).
1290:www.allaboutbirds.org
716:Lasiopodomys brandtii
708:inbreeding depression
700:The grey-sided vole (
670:operational sex ratio
580:
487:eat voles, including
21:Vole (disambiguation)
1858:Microtus ochrogaster
1253:10.3955/046.093.0304
741:Microtus ochrogaster
545:northern spotted owl
57:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2363:Mammal common names
2249:2016Natur.529T.441.
2191:2013PLoSO...858101L
2133:2008MolEc..17.4887I
1948:1986JAnEc..55..691O
1765:2021Sci...372..592C
1675:2006PNAS..10310956F
1669:(29): 10956–10960.
1597:2005Sci...308.1630H
1569:Scientific American
1540:10.1038/nature02539
1532:2004Natur.429..754L
1338:The Wilson Bulletin
590:European water vole
325:- collared lemmings
2358:Voles and lemmings
2063:Microtus oeconomus
1913:10.1007/BF03194173
1634:The New York Times
1466:The Barn Owl Trust
1098:Dickman, Chris R.
750:oxytocin receptors
586:
561:northern pygmy owl
382:in North America.
2073:(10): 2068–2072.
1901:Acta Theriologica
1816:Microtus gregalis
1759:(6542): 592–600.
1726:Purdue University
1655:Fink, S. (2006).
1241:Northwest Science
1043:– voles from the
578:
353:
352:
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332:
324:
303:
296:
288:
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273:
266:
133:
132:
125:
107:
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2326:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2298:. Archived from
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2229:
2223:
2222:
2212:
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2170:
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2160:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2019:
2010:
2009:
1992:(6): 1217–1226.
1986:Animal Behaviour
1977:
1968:
1967:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1868:(6): 1387–1398.
1862:Animal Behaviour
1853:
1844:
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1807:
1801:
1800:
1743:
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1713:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1624:
1591:(5728): 1630–4.
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1573:
1559:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1485:
1479:
1478:
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1451:
1446:
1445:
1439:whatnaomididnext
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1306:
1300:
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1275:
1247:(3–4): 193–208.
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1226:
1225:
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1140:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1071:
878:– mountain voles
860:– sagebrush vole
703:Myodes rufocanus
646:Microtus oregoni
579:
345:
338:
331:
323:
302:
295:
287:
280:
272:
265:
255:Groups included
180:
179:
160:Myodes glareolus
149:
137:
136:
128:
121:
117:
114:
108:
106:
65:
41:
33:
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2305:
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2280:Currant, Andy (
2278:
2274:
2258:10.1038/529441d
2231:
2230:
2226:
2171:
2164:
2127:(22): 4887–96.
2117:
2113:
2090:
2086:
2079:10.1139/z92-278
2059:
2055:
2020:
2013:
1978:
1971:
1932:
1928:
1897:Microtus brandt
1893:
1889:
1854:
1847:
1812:Lagurus lagurus
1808:
1804:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1714:
1710:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1581:
1577:
1526:(6993): 754–7.
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1496:. Taunton Press
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1203:10.2307/2426509
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1123:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1026:– heather voles
982:(Murree's vole)
974:(True's vole),
928:Clethrionomyini
775:
767:
761:
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68:Find sources:
62:
58:
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
28:Mole (animal)
22:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:the original
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1826:(1): 40–44.
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1731:February 25,
1729:. Retrieved
1721:
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1640:November 17,
1638:. Retrieved
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1293:. Retrieved
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1124:. Retrieved
1120:
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1094:
1083:. Retrieved
1081:. 2019-05-13
1078:
1069:
1045:Dinaric Alps
1038:
1021:
1017:– tree voles
1012:
1007:Phenacomyini
995:
986:
965:
953:
945:
940:Central Asia
933:
921:– mole voles
916:
899:
890:
882:
873:
864:
855:
849:Lasiopodomys
847:
843:– snow voles
838:
831:Blanfordimys
829:
820:
808:
802:
794:
787:Superfamily
786:
778:
768:
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738:
714:
712:
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688:
686:
682:
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663:
656:
644:
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602:prairie vole
599:
587:
549:saw-whet owl
482:
469:
454:
452:tendencies.
427:
411:
384:
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375:
355:
354:
285:Phenacomyini
274:– mole voles
159:
134:
119:
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
1387:(1): 7–11.
976:Afghanistan
967:Hyperacrius
910:Ellobiusini
805:Arvicolinae
659:mate choice
628:vasopressin
614:meadow vole
408:Description
390:Arvicolinae
376:meadow mice
270:Ellobiusini
249:Arvicolinae
245:Subfamily:
162:) lives in
2352:Categories
2284:) (2000).
1722:Purdue.edu
1500:14 October
1471:2020-12-11
1444:2020-12-11
1295:2020-12-11
1126:2020-12-11
1085:2022-03-25
1079:INSECT COP
1061:References
1023:Phenacomys
955:Eothenomys
892:Proedromys
815:Arvicolini
803:Subfamily
797:Cricetidae
765:Vole clock
759:Vole clock
606:monogamous
559:, and the
450:behavioral
380:field mice
358:are small
347:- muskrats
263:Arvicolini
239:Cricetidae
113:April 2019
83:newspapers
2296:Channel 4
2291:Time Team
2267:0028-0836
2121:Mol. Ecol
1797:233872862
1781:0036-8075
1401:1051-1733
1350:0043-5643
1269:210932920
1261:0029-344X
1211:0003-0031
1169:1600-0587
1149:Ecography
1040:Dinaromys
1033:Pliomyini
1014:Arborimus
988:Craseomys
960:East Asia
857:Lemmiscus
840:Chionomys
809:(in part)
725:polyandry
485:predators
479:Predators
465:porcupine
444:and even
415:Gestation
392:with the
387:subfamily
343:Ondatrini
293:Pliomyini
195:Kingdom:
189:Eukaryota
156:bank vole
2316:cite web
2219:23516435
2179:PLOS ONE
2157:44992920
2149:19140979
2094:Taiwania
2006:36508541
1921:42697613
1882:53257008
1840:16261654
1789:33958470
1703:16832060
1621:18899853
1613:15947188
1548:15201909
1417:86350479
980:Pakistan
947:Caryomys
935:Alticola
918:Ellobius
884:Phaiomys
866:Microtus
822:Arvicola
789:Muroidea
781:Rodentia
746:oxytocin
721:polygyny
690:Microtus
674:polygamy
665:Microtus
636:oxytocin
632:dopamine
567:Lifespan
553:barn owl
517:raccoons
398:muskrats
396:and the
394:lemmings
368:hamsters
364:lemmings
329:Lagurini
235:Family:
229:Rodentia
219:Mammalia
209:Chordata
205:Phylum:
199:Animalia
185:Domain:
164:woodland
2343:YouTube
2245:Bibcode
2210:3597616
2187:Bibcode
2129:Bibcode
2048:7705059
1944:Bibcode
1761:Bibcode
1753:Science
1694:1544156
1671:Bibcode
1593:Bibcode
1585:Science
1556:4340500
1528:Bibcode
1409:4501977
1358:4163644
1219:2426509
901:Volemys
869:– voles
795:Family
539:of the
537:pellets
525:weasels
509:bobcats
505:coyotes
501:falcons
489:martens
434:gophers
402:species
360:rodents
336:Lemmini
278:Myodini
225:Order:
215:Class:
97:scholar
2306:31 May
2265:
2237:Nature
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2004:
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1167:
1037:Genus
1031:Tribe
1020:Genus
1011:Genus
1005:Tribe
994:Genus
985:Genus
964:Genus
952:Genus
944:Genus
932:Genus
926:Tribe
915:Genus
908:Tribe
898:Genus
889:Genus
881:Genus
875:Neodon
872:Genus
863:Genus
854:Genus
846:Genus
837:Genus
828:Genus
819:Genus
813:Tribe
779:Order
634:, and
555:, the
551:, the
547:, the
543:, the
533:lynxes
521:snakes
461:girdle
457:shrews
446:shrews
372:molars
99:
92:
85:
78:
72:"Vole"
70:
2153:S2CID
2002:S2CID
1960:JSTOR
1917:S2CID
1878:S2CID
1836:S2CID
1793:S2CID
1617:S2CID
1552:S2CID
1413:S2CID
1405:JSTOR
1354:JSTOR
1316:(PDF)
1265:S2CID
1215:JSTOR
972:India
583:Wales
513:foxes
497:hawks
483:Many
472:Bulbs
430:Moles
356:Voles
140:Vole
104:JSTOR
90:books
2322:link
2308:2014
2263:ISSN
2215:PMID
2145:PMID
2044:PMID
2026:)".
1964:4748
1785:PMID
1777:ISSN
1733:2007
1699:PMID
1642:2017
1609:PMID
1544:PMID
1502:2011
1397:ISSN
1346:ISSN
1257:ISSN
1207:ISSN
1165:ISSN
978:and
600:The
531:and
493:owls
442:rats
438:mice
366:and
154:The
76:news
2253:doi
2241:529
2205:PMC
2195:doi
2137:doi
2102:doi
2075:doi
2036:doi
2032:109
1994:doi
1984:".
1952:doi
1909:doi
1899:".
1870:doi
1860:".
1828:doi
1769:doi
1757:372
1689:PMC
1679:doi
1667:103
1601:doi
1589:308
1536:doi
1524:429
1389:doi
1342:108
1249:doi
1199:doi
1195:129
1157:doi
624:DNA
378:or
59:by
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
