Volga Tatars - Knowledge

1615: 873: 1087: 1838: 1528: 988: 1905: 513: 1516: 272: 712: 823: 44: 1376:. A considerable part of the Astrakhan Tatars are descendants of the Volga Tatars who moved to the area in the 18th and 19th centuries. As early as 1702, local Tatar vomen married Kazan Tatars. At the end of the 18th century, Volga and Ural Tatars began to move to the countryside, where they founded new villages or settled in the same villages with local Tatars. By the beginning of the 20th century, the settlers who mainly mixed with the Jurtov Tatars already made up more than a third of the local Tatar population. 695:

which refers to complaints made by parents of Russian students who were dissatisfied that their children had to learn Tatar that in return took time away from studying Russian. Before this, for 25 years everyone in Tatarstan (including Russians) had to learn Tatar from kindergarten to secondary school. In 2021 there were approximately 53% Tatars in Tatarstan and 40% Russians. In 2015 enquiry, most young people in the state preferred to learn Russian or English and thought that Tatar was not useful in work life.

1018:. They comprise approximately one third of the Volga Tatar population. After migration waves from late 1500s to 1700s, they settled especially on the right bank of Volga and Urals. Increased contacts with Kazan Tatars made these two groups even closer, and thus, "Tatar nation" was born; eventually replacing previously used regional names. Due to this, the sub-group consciousness was also weakened. G. Tagirdzhanov thought that the ancestors of both Kazan Tatars and Mishars were originally from 125: 704: 1614: 2950:

ultimately subsumed their conquerors culturally and linguistically as al-Umari noted by the fourteenth century . I argue that the name 'Tatar' was adopted by the Turkic peoples in the region as a sign of having joined the Tatar conquerors – a practice which Friar Julian reported in the 1230s as the conquest unfolded. The name stands as a testament to the survivability and adaptability of both peoples and ethnonyms. It became, as Sh. Marjani stated, their 'proud Tatar name.'"

111: 200: 1869:. The Tatars IBD is shared with various Turkic and Uralic populations, primarily from the Volga-Ural region. The authors suggest that "when the original Finno-Ugric speaking people were conquered by Turkic tribes, both Tatar and Chuvash are likely to have experience language replacement, while retaining their genetic core". The Finno-Ugric groups themselves have previously be found to have formed from local Indo-Europeans and early Uralic-speaking groups. 236: 218: 164: 146: 290: 97: 326: 182: 308: 254: 83: 6332:Шакирҗанова Луара Галимҗан кызы (Зөһрә Шакирҗан) Шакирзянова Луара Галимзяновна (Зухра Шакирзян) // Галиәсгар Камал исемендәге татар дәүләт академия театры. Йөз ел: ике томда. Татарский государственный академический театр имени Галиасгара Камала. Сто лет: в двух томах / авт.-төз.: Л. Г. Шакирҗан, Г. Ф. Гыйматова: Казан: Заман, Татарстан китап нәшрияты, 2009. Т. 2. С. 155. 368 с. 554:, when its feudal nobility used it to denote its citizens. Russian feudals and the Tsar government started using it also. These different tribes usually identified themselves by their group name, or, generally as Muslims. Bolgar-name also was referenced. It is suggested, that they avoided using the term also, because it connected them negatively to the Mongol-Tatars of the past. 1391: 1485:, Tatarstan. Today, the theater's repertoire mainly includes plays in the Tatar language, but also some plays written by Russians and others. For people who do not speak the language, an opportunity has been arranged to watch Tatar plays with translation. Among notable Tatar playwrights are Mirxäydär Fäyzi, 1060:, Mishar dialect has more Kipchak, and Kazan dialect more Bolgar influence. A. Orlov states: "Nizhny Novogord Tatars (Mishars) are one of the original Tatar groups, who maintain the continuity of Kipchak-Turkic language, culture and tradition". Orlov also thinks that Mishars are mostly the ancestors of 1402:

Tatar literature has an ancient history. Before the introduction of printing, ancient Tatar books written in Arabic script were copied by hand. Manuscripts of the Koran, other spiritual literature, educational books were widely distributed. One of the earliest works of national Tatar literature known

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Tatar heritage can be traced back to Kipchaks of the Golden Horde, yet according to another theory, the Tatars emerged from the Bulgar culture that survived the Mongol conquest of 1236–1237. Ever since the mid 1970s, however, a viewpoint has risen, that these two theories should not be in contrary to

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Importance of the independence for Tatarstan comes up usually when discussing the Russification of Tatars, but it has also been noted, that it wouldn't necessarily solve the problem at least entirely. "Increasingly, minority peoples themselves decide to teach their children Russian to ensure economic

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In 2017 the amount of hours Tatar language taught in Tatarstan schools was reduced to two hours per week and it can only happen with a written approval from the pupil's parent. President Vladimir Putin reasoned that a person should not be forced "to learn a language, that is not his mother language",

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in the 13th century. Tatar ethnogenesis took place after migrated Turkic peoples, mixed with the local Bulgar population and other inhabitants of the Volga River area, kept Kipchak dialect and became Muslims. Several new Tatar states had emerged by the 1500s after the Golden Horde fell. These states

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The first published Tatar play was by Ğabdraxman İlyas in 1887, called "Biçara qız" (Бичара кыз, "The Unhappy Girl"). It was partially met with negative reception by the conservative Tatar audiences of the time due to including "advanced ideas based on social equality". A professional Tatar theater

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Philologist-journalist Azat Akhunov: "Despite conflicts and national differences, Tatars are very close to Russians in mentality, even more so than Ukrainians and Belarusians. We have a common historical experience that cannot be denied. As long as our culture is respected and not disturbed, we are

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Triska, Petr; Chekanov, Nikolay; Stepanov, Vadim; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Kumar, Ganesh Prasad Arun; Akhmetova, Vita; Babalyan, Konstantin; Boulygina, Eugenia; Kharkov, Vladimir; Gubina, Marina; Khidiyatova, Irina; Khitrinskaya, Irina; Khrameeva, Ekaterina E.; Khusainova, Rita; Konovalova, Natalia

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as a separate ethno-political entity (Ostyak, or Kostyak land). One significant ethnic component of the Perm Tatars was the Nogai-Kipchak population of the Perm region. Also, Kazan Tatars and partly Mishars who moved from the Middle Volga region to the Perm Territory in 16th - early 17th centuries

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Jeong, Choongwon; Balanovsky, Oleg; Lukianova, Elena; Kahbatkyzy, Nurzhibek; Flegontov, Pavel; Zaporozhchenko, Valery; Immel, Alexander; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Ixan, Olzhas; Khussainova, Elmira; Bekmanov, Bakhytzhan; Zaibert, Victor; Lavryashina, Maria; Pocheshkhova, Elvira; Yusupov, Yuldash (2019).

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The radical form of Islam has appeared among Tatars and Bashkir only occasionally. Many of the young are not active Muslims and are Russified in culture. The former head of the Spiritual Board of the Muslims of the Nizhny Novgorod Region Umar Idrisov believes that “Unlike their fellow Muslims

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Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Valeev, Albert; Litvinov, Sergei; Valiev, Ruslan; Akhmetova, Vita; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Dalimova, Dilbar; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Bahmanimehr, Ardeshir; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Tambets, Kristiina (2015-04-21).

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quote (p 563): "Regarding the Volga Tatar people of today, it appears they took on the endonym of their Mongol conquerors when they overran the Dasht-i-Kipchak. It was preserved as the prevailing ethnonym in the subsequent synthesis of the Mongols and their more numerous Turkic subjects who

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University, Daria Dergacheva thinks independence could happen in time, but also, that it would be very difficult and might not achieve the decolonization desired. She also states, that the ethnic nationalism required for it could fuel inter-ethnic conflicts, since Tatars are only 53% of the

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Pankratov, Vasili; Litvinov, Sergei; Kassian, Alexei; Shulhin, Dzmitry; Tchebotarev, Lieve; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Möls, Märt; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Rootsi, Siiri; Metspalu, Ene; Golubenko, Maria; Ekomasova, Natalia; Akhatova, Farida; Khusnutdinova, Elza (2016-07-25).

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Suslova, T. A.; Burmistrova, A. L.; Chernova, M. S.; Khromova, E. B.; Lupar, E. I.; Timofeeva, S. V.; Devald, I. V.; Vavilov, M. N.; Darke, C. (1 October 2012). "HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in Russians, Bashkirs and Tatars, living in the Chelyabinsk Region (Russian South Urals)".

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until early 1900s. Its norms began to move towards the spoken vernacular from the mid 1800s. The basis for a new literary language was created by migration and urbanization. The vocabulary and phonetics of it is based mostly on the Kazan Dialect and the morphology on Mishar Dialect.

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wrote in response to the Tatar emigration to Turkey that was happening in late 1800s and early 1900s: "Here we were born, here we grew up, and here the moment of our death will come. Fate itself has bound us to this Russian land". Tuqay called Russians their "brother people".

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Tambets, Kristiina; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Hudjashov, Georgi; Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Rootsi, Siiri; Honkola, Terhi; Vesakoski, Outi; Atkinson, Quentin; Skoglund, Pontus; Kushniarevich, Alena; Litvinov, Sergey; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Saag, Lehti; Rantanen, Timo (2018-09-21).

2922: 1542:(922). Since then, Islam also has a centuries old history in Russia. Volga Tatars played a significant role in the national and cultural movements of Muslims during Russian Empire and also in Soviet Union. Islam is currently the majority religion in Tatarstan. 779:

stated in June 2023 that "Tatarstan fully supports the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, President of the country Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; the most correct thing now is to stand together against those who pose a threat to Russia and its multinational people".

745:. Tatars have been a part of Russia since the 1500s. Later, among Tatars, there is both people, who are against Russia, and those that believe they are an integral part of it. Among Tatar separatists is the ethnic nationalist, founder of independence party 848:, in which a large number of Tatars participated. According to Alfred Khalikov, "the tsarist government and both the Russian and Tatar feudal lords were afraid of friendship between peoples and constantly incited chauvinistic and nationalist fervor". 4171:

Gabdrakhmanova, G. F. (Gulʹnara Faatovna),, Trepavlov, V. V. (Vadim Vint︠s︡erovich),, Urazmanova, R. K.,, Габдрахманова, Г. Ф. (Гульнара Фаатовна),, Трепавлов, В. В. (Вадим Винцерович),: . 2-e izdanie, dopolnennoe i pererabotannoe Auflage. Moskva,

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The term "Caucasization of Tatarstan" or Volga-Urals has been coined to describe some of the radical Islamic elements found in the region, that mainly come from the Caucasus. Muslim migration from Central-Asia has also played a part. In 2006,

2516: 804:: "Tatars are in our blood, our history, our language, our worldview. Whatever the real differences with the Russians, the Tatars are not a people outside us, but within us". In Kazan (Tatarstan) there is a statue of Gumilev. Tatar author 1625:

Tatars inhabiting the Republic of Tatarstan, a federal subject of Russia, constitute one third of all Tatars, while the other two thirds reside outside Tatarstan. Some of the communities residing outside Tatarstan developed before the

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stated: "We will never separate the lands of the Caucasus from the Volga region. . . . We will also liberate other lands occupied by Rusnya . These include Astrakhan and the lands along the Volga that are under the hoof of the Russian

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In his 2016 book, "Moscow and the Tatar World" (Москва и татарский мир), the Tatar historian from Kazan, Bulat Rakhimzyanov makes a claim that "there was no large-scale confrontation between Moscow and the Tatars in the Middle Ages".

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G. R. Yenikeev thinks that modern Tatars are the direct descendants of the Tatars of Genghis Khan. He criticizes the phenomenon of identifying with Bulgars and states, that this happened due to the "pro-western rulers of the

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had an influence. Perm Tatars are divided into 4 subgroups: Mullinskaya, Kungurskaya, Tanypovskaya and Krasnoufimskaya. In early 1900s their number was 52 700 thousand people. Like the Tatar majority, they practice Islam.

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Balanovska, E. V.; Agdzhoyan, Anastasiya; Zhabagin, Maxat; Yusupov, Yu. M.; Skhalyakho, Rosa; Dolinina, D. O.; Padyukova, A. D.; Kuznetsova, M A.; Markina, N. V.; Atramentova, Lubov; Lavryashina, Marya; Balanovsky, O. P.

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Together with Tatars, Russians have high frequencies of allele families and haplotypes characteristic of Finno-Ugric populations. This presupposes a Finno-Ugric impact on Russian and Tatar ethnogenesis... Some aspects of

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Nowadays, many of the ethnic differences between Tatar groups of Volga have disappeared. Some, especially unique dialectical features remain, and they are still separated into their own Tatar-groups within Volga Tatars.

1831:, all cluster genetically with northern and eastern Russians, and are distinct from southern and western Russians. The scientists also found differences in relationships among some of the northern and eastern Russians. 1137:

According to S. Ishkhakov, the Kasimov Tatars were an "ethnically transitional group between Kazan Tatars and Mishar Tatars." Kasimov Tatars took part in the Conquest of Kazan and in wars against Sweden in troops of

8486: 6066:Каюм Насыри. Избранные произведения. Казань. Татарское книжное издательство, 1977 и её татарский вариант тат. Q.Nasıri. Qazan, Tatarstan kitap nərşiyatı, 1977 (К. Насыйри. Казан, Татарстан китап нəшрияты, 1977.) 6742:

G. R. Yenikeev: "In the footsteps of the black legend: truth and lies about the Tatars of Russia: origins, causes, authors". Series "Tatar trace in the history of Russia and Eurasia". Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod,

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Azade-Ayse Rolich, The Volga Tatars, 1986, page 11. Richard Frye, Ibn Fadlan's Journey to Russia, 2005, page 44 gives 16 May 922 for the first meeting with the ruler. This seems to be the official date of the

6533: 808:: "We Tatars are a nation that joined Russia before others. Despite the dark politics of the autocracy and the differences between the two communities, this created many common features of life among them". 2663: 4487:Большая Российская энциклопедия: В 30 т. / Председатель науч.-ред. совета Ю. С. Осипов. Отв. ред С. Л. Кравец. Т. 1. А — Анкетирование. — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 2005. — 766 с.: ил.: карт. 2564: 1841:

Population structure of Turkic-speaking populations in the context of their geographic neighbors across Eurasia. Tatars derive between 20-30% of their ancestry from Siberian and Northeast Asian groups.

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Tatar mufti Ravil Gainutdin has stated, that in his opinion "Russia was created by Turks as much as it was by Slavs". The foundation for such ideas were laid out by Crimean Tatar Jadidist thinker

6461:Еникеев Гайса Хамидуллович (in Russian) // Государственная дума Российской империи: 1906—1917 / Б. Ю. Иванов, А. А. Комзолова, И. С. Ряховская. — Москва: РОССПЭН, 2008. — P. 184—185. — 735 p. — 1029:

The ethnogenesis of the Mishars is contested, but they are often thought of being the descendants of Kipchaks of the Golden Horde, one way or another. Their ethnic formation finally happened in

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In 1926 population census, different subgroups of now Volga Tatars identified themselves by their own names rather. After this, they were grouped together as "Tatars". During the period of the

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and European historians, that created a negative and distorted image of the Tatars, which ended up causing them to reject the term and lose national consciousness. Finnish historian

1086: 3401: 577:, that survived the Mongol conquest of 1236–1237. Some say that these two theories should not be in opposition to each other. Their history is connected to other tribes as well. 851:

The first mufti of Russia, Tatar-born Mukhamedzhan Khusainov (1756–1824) had a big impact on bringing Russian rule to the Kazakh steppes and also to Caucasus, especially among

2677: 1598:. There were a few dozen Tatars fighting with the separatists during the two Chechen Wars. In 2010, the Interior Ministry of Tatarstan closed down a short lived assembly in 1114:. The number of Kasimov Tatars in 2002 was suspected to be less than 1000. In late 1800s and early 1900s, some Kasimov Tatars are known to have relocated to the regions of 593:

states: "They emphasize the contribution of the Bulgars mainly due to the feeling of inferiority created by the Russians, which is often attached to the Orda population".

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Boris Abramovich Malyarchuk, Miroslava V. Derenko, Tomasz Grzybowski, A. Lunkina, Jakub Czarny, S. Rychkov, I. Morozova, Galina A. Denisova, and Danuta Miścicka-Śliwka,

9587: 8393: 4313:Яхин Ф. З. Литература сибирских татар в XIV—XVIII в.в. // XIII Сулеймановские чтения: материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. Тюмень, 2010. С. 151—154. 3360:Центральное духовное управление мусульман России (ЦДУМР) // Современная религиозная жизнь России. Опыт систематического описания / Отв. ред. М. Бурдо, С. Б. Филатов. — 5391:

Sertkaya, Osman Fikri (2016). "Reşid Rahmeti Arat - Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE (Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson)".

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It was found that mtDNA of the Volga Tatars consists of two parts, but western Eurasian component prevails considerably (84% on average) over eastern Asian one (16%).

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during the 16th century, and continued to face forced baptisms and conversions under subsequent Russian rulers and Orthodox clergy up to the mid-eighteenth century.

5503: 3445: 4414:"Fatix Ämirxan/Фатих Әмирхан". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002. 1837: 1346:. To this day, there is controversy on whether they should be classified as either Tatars or Bashkirs. In early 1900s, their number was estimated to be 382 000. 9741: 2561: 8481: 1890:

The three regional groups of Tatars (Volga, Crimean, Siberian) do not have common ancestors and thus, their formation occurred independently of each other.

3563: 4158:«Долг, отвага, честь (из серии «Татары на службе Отечеству»). Страницы истории татарских воинских частей в Российской армии и Императорской гвардии». — 543:, they were also generally known as Tatars, and eventually, the name was extended to most of the other Turkic peoples of Russia as well (Azerbaijanis – 8212:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former 6741: 2963: 8500: 1669:. While the bulk of the population is found in Tatarstan (around 2 million) and neighbouring regions, significant number of Volga-Ural Tatars live in 1261:

A policy of Christianization of the Muslim Tatars was enacted by the Russian authorities, beginning in 1552, resulting in the emergence of Kryashens (

8245: 3415: 2923:"'Nationes que se Tartaros appellant': An Exploration of the Historical Problem of the Usage of the Ethnonyms Tatar and Mongol in Medieval Sources"" 1834:

According to a genetic study on mitochondrial haplogroups, Volga Tatars reveal roughly 90% West-Eurasian and 10% East-Eurasian maternal haplogroups.

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Tatar Encyclopedia, Vol 1: The article "Akhatov Gabdulkhay Khuramovich." - "Institute of Tatar encyclopedia", Kazan, 2002, p. 233. (in Russian)

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Climate Dependence and Food Problems in Russia, 1900-1990: The Interaction of Climate and Agricultural Policy and Their Effect on Food Problems

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G. R. Yenikeev states, that "Medieval Tatars played a significant role also in the formation of Russians". He cites the Eurasianist historian

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Controversy surrounds the origin of the Tatar people, whether they are descended from Bulgars or the Golden Horde. According to one theory,

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Tatar and Russian peasants joined their forces multiple times in the past. For example, the 1606–1609 "mountaineer rebellion", in which the

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population in Tatarstan. Challenges include also the fact that Tatarstan is deeply embedded in Russia’s economy, trade, and infrastructure.

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Jean-Félix de la Ville Baugé (September 9, 2015). "Guzel Yakhina: "La rencontre de mes deux héros est la rencontre de deux âmes nues"".

5800: 2888: 2747:Ахметзянов М. И. Татарские родословные (шеджере) / М. И. Ахметзянов – Казань: ИЯЛИ им. Г. Ибрагимова // Золотоордынское обозрение. 2015. 2580: 8688: 612: 529: 56: 3803:. (Sisältää Hasan Hamidullan ”Yañaparin historian”. Suomentanut ja kommentoinut Fazile Nasretdin). Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996. 2698: 1599: 1338:. In 1790, the Teptyars were transferred to the ranks of the military service class, and the Teptyar Regiment was formed. During the 5287: 1594:

in the 2000s. Imam of the Al-Ikhlas mosque in Kazan, Rustem Safin, was under a suspended two-year sentence for his association with

1322:. According to one theory, originally Teptyars formed a special peasant group, which, in addition to the Tatars, included Bashkirs, 6960: 6570: 3382: 1272:

Kryahsen Tatars live in much of the Volga-Ural area. Today, they tend to be assimilated among the Russians and other Tatar groups.

6011: 1342:, the 1st Teptyar Regiment under the command of Major Temirov took part in the fighting as part of a separate Cossack troops of 5210:"East Eurasian ancestry in the middle of Europe: genetic footprints of Steppe nomads in the genomes of Belarusian Lipka Tatars" 4635: 1478: 3732: 8238: 6645: 6520: 6466: 6341: 6337: 6308: 5874: 5726: 5674: 5468: 5413: 4177: 3711: 3630: 3617: 3516: 3467: 3073: 1645:

in the center of Russia (what is now European Russia) or had been settled as prisoners during the 16th and 17th centuries in

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called Kipchak–Bulgar. According to 2002 census, there were 5,3 million Tatar speakers in Russia, and in 2010, 4,3 million. (

3974: 3299: 2756:Исхаков Д. М. Юго-Восток Татарстана: проблема изучения этнической истории региона XTV-XVII вв. // Элмэт — Альметьевск. 2003. 9948: 9943: 4617: 4014: 4456: 2664:"Suomen tataareja johtaa pankkiuran tehnyt ekonomisti Gölten Bedretdin, jonka mielestä uskonnon pitää olla hyvän puolella" 923:

region during the first half of the eighth century. In the period of 10th–13th centuries, other Turkic peoples, including

6354: 5507: 2801: 2766: 9174: 6219: 5521: 3198: 6584: 3402:"Russia's Muslim Leaders on the Invasion of Ukraine: United in a Display of Loyalty, Divided in Competition for Power" 3314: 2705: 1275:

Some of the Kryashens speak the Kazan dialect, others Mishar dialect. In 2010 census, 34,882 identified as Kryashens.

466:. They are subdivided into various subgroups. Volga Tatars are the second-largest ethnic group in Russia after ethnic 9953: 6689: 6666: 6245: 6126: 5853: 5786: 5765: 5578: 5557: 5361: 4547: 4364: 4344: 4301: 4281: 4197: 4143: 4123: 4066: 3956: 3808: 3581: 3369: 3241: 3099: 2983: 2827: 2732: 2710: 2708: 1561:

food production facility opened with foreign companies expressing their interest to expand the project in Tatarstan.

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Traditionally, Mishars have populated the western side of the Volga River. Nowadays the majority presumably lives in

932: 608: 3153:"How the U.S. saved a starving Soviet Russia: PBS film highlights Stanford scholar's research on the 1921-23 famine" 2551: 2506: 9938: 8231: 6833: 6585:"Zulfat Hakim (Hakimhanov Z. Z.). Tryasina./ Zulfat Hakim (Hakimhanov W. W.). Tryasina., 1999, Kazan by n/a - 1999" 1606:

abroad, Russian Muslims are Europeans, who grew up with traditional all-Russian values, including Christian ones.”

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of Russia. They are Orthodox Christian and multiple researchers think they originated from Christianized Nogais of

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each other, but rather, in symbiosis, stating that they cannot simply claim only Bulgars as their ancestors. (See:

4212:К вопросу о ногайском происхождении нагайбаков // Кряшенское историческое обозрение. — 2019. — № 2. — С. 44—49. — 7239: 4098: 1638: 1052:

Even though the Mishars have been influenced by Russians, probably more so than the Kazan Tatars, the dialect in

631: 48: 6105:"Максим Шевченко: "Татарин Рашид Нургалиев долгое время возглавлял МВД. Я не верю в какую-то татарофобию в МВД"" 4323: 3935: 3567: 1720:

is the other significant haplogroup. According to different data, J2a or J2b may be the more common subclade of

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during late 1800s encouraged the Kazan Tatars to identify as Tatar, despite its possible negative connotations.

9466: 5374: 4701: 3644: 3329: 1904: 987: 970: 5273: 1207:. Their name comes from the village of Noqrat, which was first mentioned in 1542 along with the cities of the 9803: 9536: 8952: 8880: 3546: 2472: 1203:. They are divided into subgroups Nukrat and Chepetsky. They speak Tatar with characteristic of the southern 620: 6758: 3891: 884:

during the Izge Bolgar zhyeny festivities, dedicated to the 1,121st anniversary of the adoption of Islam by

9492: 7774: 6953: 517: 3199:"Vserossijskaja perepis naselenija 2002 goda. 4.4. Rasprostranjonnost vladenija jazykami (krome russkogo)" 9776: 5690:Национальные черты жилища казанских татар // Архитектурное наследство : Сб. ст. — М., 1975. — В. 23. 3997: 1554: 772: 6392:Әдипләребез — 1 нче том. Төзүчеләре — Рәис Даутов, Равил Рахмани. Казан: Татарстан китап нәшрияты, 2009. 6042:Татарский энциклопедический словарь. - Казань: Институт Татарской энциклопедии АН РТ, 1998 - 703 с., илл 4542:Файзи Мирхайдар // Башкортостан: краткая энциклопедия. — Уфа: Башкирская энциклопедия, 1996. — 672 с. — 3262: 3220: 2533:"About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001" 1549:

and May 21, the day the Volga Bulgars embraced Islam, were made public holidays. During those times the

1142:. In some sources, Mishars are called Kasimov Tatars. (They were also largely formed in Qasim Khanate.) 896:).They form the bulk of the Tatar population of Tatarstan. Traditionally, they inhabit the left bank of 815:, who believed in unity of the two peoples and thought Russia was "a continuation of the Golden Horde". 7840: 6723: 6090: 5985: 4737: 3783: 1880:-like. The level of Ulchi-like ancestry was slightly higher in Kazan Tatars compared to Mishar Tatars. 5900:Хабутдинова, М. М. (2022). М. М. Хабутдинова. "КОЛЕБАНИЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЙ РЕПУТАЦИИ НАКИ ИСАНБЕТА" (PDF). 5301: 5011:"Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations" 4871:

Sardaana A. Fedorova, M. A. Bermisheva, Richard Villems, N. R. Maksimova, and Elza K. Khusnutdinova.,

3018: 2105: 1845:

According to a full genome study by Triska et al. 2017, the Volga Tatars are primarily descended from

1445: 805: 9958: 9678: 9531: 6774: 5633: 3892:"Нижегородские татары: этнические корни и исторические судьбы: Маджары и мещера – кипчакские племена" 2228: 1490: 1339: 737:

The long and multifaceted history between these two ethnic groups can be traced back to the times of

452: 9968: 9841: 9506: 8509: 8172: 8131: 7299: 6620:Ахметов Марат Гакифович: татарскую энциклопедию «Милләттәшләр» (Tatar encyclopedia "Millattashlar") 6258: 3533:"Те, кто считают Россию только православным государством, – враги России, убежден муфтий Гайнутдин" 3065: 2873: 2051: 1872:

A 2019 study found that the autosomal admixture of the Volga Tatars can be modeled to be about 80%

1164: 6029: 5740:"Хаматова, Скобликова, Терешкова, Фетисов и Михалков понесут флаг Олимпиады на церемонии открытия" 2490: 1372:. One theory connects the Jurtov and Karagash to Nogai. Another proposes that Jurtov descend from 9561: 8254: 7339: 7264: 7028: 7021: 6946: 6104: 5743: 2787: 2282: 1804: 976: 845: 680: 441: 5917: 5605: 4576:"Zölfät Xäkim: Zamana yäşäyeşendäge waqiğalar yılyazmasın ruxiät dönyası keşeläre yazıp qaldıra" 4478:Илялова И. Театр им. Камала. Очерк истории: Исследование. Казань. Татар кн. изд-во, 1986. 328 с. 4217: 2532: 9963: 9322: 9151: 8162: 6733: 3446:"Russian decolonisation and Eurasia: An imperial legacy? Risks and opportunities for Tatarstan" 2276: 2147: 2000: 1887:

have been made also, being described to have formed from Western and Eastern Siberian sources.

1123: 1053: 992: 673: 520:", written in the Tatar Arabic script on illustrated flag of TASSR. (Kazan Kreml Museum, 2023). 2724: 1665:. Volga-Ural Tatars number nearly 7 million, mostly in Russia and the republics of the former 1515: 9933: 9614: 9327: 9298: 9235: 7818: 7113: 6608: 6557: 6503: 6449: 6426: 6158: 6051:

Evgenia Pismennaya; Gregory White (14 February 2017). "Putin's Central Banker Is on a Tear".

4387: 2587: 2309: 1417: 6728: 4719: 2964:"Внешний вид (фото), Оглавление (Содержание) книги Еникеева Г.Р. "По следам чёрной легенды"" 2716: 2603: 1964: 619:

policy, in which 500 thousand to 2 million peasants died. The event was part of the greater

9761: 9372: 8586: 8157: 7494: 7118: 6998: 6826: 5221: 5082: 4755:

Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Kravtsova, Olga (1 October 2010).

4560: 3430: 3416:""Народ Татарстана един с Президентом России": мнения политиков и экспертов о происходящем" 2437: 2270: 2174: 1985: 1725: 1011: 507: 3055: 2294: 1265:), also known as "Christianized Tatars". Many Volga Tatars were forcibly Christianized by 1152:

speak the central (Kazan) dialect of Tatar language. In their dialect there is Mishar and

1078:

In 1897 census, the number of Mishars was 622 600. Their estimated number varies greatly.

512: 8: 9629: 9619: 9606: 9424: 9317: 9303: 8021: 7309: 7044: 6599: 6548: 6494: 6440: 6417: 6149: 5869:(in Ukrainian). Vol. 11. Kyiv, Ukraine: Інститут енциклопедичних досліджень НАН України. 4872: 4378: 3854: 3532: 3152: 2324: 2210: 2078: 2015: 1970: 1795: 1619: 1486: 1192: 1184: 1160: 755:. In 2018 Rafis Kashapov, a Tatar activist founded in Kyiv a separatist movement called " 6192:""Не только башкиры, уже и узбеки тянут на себя!": как у татар "отбирают" чемпионов Рио" 6076: 5225: 5086: 4756: 3839: 2939: 2135: 1361:, a sub-dialect of the middle dialect of Tatar. A 2002 census recorded 9 600 Nagaibaks. 9912: 9836: 9781: 9673: 9600: 9516: 9023: 7702: 7504: 7414: 7314: 6678: 6286: 5758:

The Tampere Islamic Congregation: the Roots and History (in finnish, tatar and english)

5250: 5209: 5160: 5135: 5111: 5070: 5045: 5010: 4985: 4950: 4925: 4890: 4838: 3051: 2642: 2369: 2042: 1940: 1627: 1550: 1506: 1350: 1188: 1046: 877: 776: 715: 6480:"Илдар Ягъфәров: "Иясез сукбай этнең күтенә һәркем тибеп китә ала — без шундый хәлдә"" 3764: 3582:""Всепроникающего антагонизма между Москвой и татарским миром в средние века не было"" 3480: 3286:"Парламент Татарстана проголосовал за добровольное изучение татарского языка в школах" 2878: 2072: 727: 711: 9547: 9541: 9521: 9477: 9288: 9030: 7860: 7759: 7220: 7078: 6685: 6662: 6641: 6516: 6462: 6402: 6333: 6323:Шакиров Ильгам Гильмутдинович // Народные артисты: Очерки. Kazan. 1980. səh. 585—588. 6304: 6241: 6122: 6015: 5913: 5870: 5849: 5782: 5761: 5722: 5574: 5553: 5464: 5409: 5357: 5353: 5315: 5255: 5237: 5185: 5165: 5116: 5098: 5050: 5032: 4990: 4972: 4930: 4912: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4786: 4778: 4543: 4360: 4340: 4297: 4277: 4213: 4193: 4173: 4139: 4119: 4062: 3952: 3804: 3707: 3613: 3512: 3463: 3365: 3237: 3095: 3069: 2979: 2944: 2823: 2728: 2717: 2562:Итоги всеобщей переписи населения Туркменистана по национальному составу в 1995 году. 2514:Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на 1 января 2012 года 2357: 2315: 2222: 2201: 2117: 2093: 2084: 2009: 1922: 1717: 1587: 1520: 1373: 1266: 1239: 1139: 1057: 941: 881: 812: 768: 752: 723: 665: 590: 491: 367: 5186:"The Tatars of Eurasia: peculiarity of Crimean, Volga and Siberian Tatar gene pools" 4842: 4688:"За 10 лет численность татар в России снизилась почти на 600 тыс. человек Подробнее" 4639: 2351: 2330: 1708:

According to over 100 samples from the Tatarstan DNA project, the most common Y-DNA

1441: 1403:

is considered to be written at the beginning of the 13th century by the famous poet

1395: 826: 822: 793: 9902: 9766: 9624: 9568: 9352: 9225: 9076: 8842: 8649: 8167: 7813: 7660: 7529: 7461: 7390: 7334: 7319: 7304: 7289: 7259: 7249: 7225: 7161: 7068: 6925: 5905: 5245: 5229: 5155: 5147: 5106: 5090: 5040: 5022: 4980: 4962: 4920: 4902: 4814: 4768: 3736: 3494: 2934: 2850: 2264: 2258: 2234: 2180: 2141: 2066: 1908: 1873: 1686: 1682: 1674: 1673:, Central Asia, and the Caucasus. Outside of Tatarstan, urban Tatars usually speak 1662: 1453: 1385: 1365: 1358: 1296: 1243: 1033:

during 1400–1500s. In addition to Kipchaks, Mishars' ancestors are often linked to

945: 937: 901: 661: 582: 533: 483: 432: 350: 5136:"Reconstructing genetic history of Siberian and Northeastern European populations" 4951:"Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe" 3180: 2617: 2381: 2240: 2021: 1449: 43: 9907: 9856: 9831: 9751: 9707: 9655: 9581: 9189: 9136: 9116: 9111: 9096: 9053: 8989: 8827: 8812: 8593: 8177: 7784: 7695: 7534: 7514: 7419: 7409: 7395: 7324: 7284: 7279: 7244: 7145: 7099: 7073: 6867: 6819: 6700: 6656: 6635: 4907: 4497: 3701: 3089: 3059: 2978:

Mishäärit – Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö. Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996.

2869: 2568: 2520: 2452: 2189: 1916: 1862: 1591: 1510: 1422: 1390: 1204: 1196: 949: 463: 8855: 6191: 6001:Время и связь. — Казань: Татарское книжное издательство, 1988. — С. 86. — 144 с. 4621: 4084:, Говоры татар-кряшен в сравнительном освещении / Отв. ред. Ф. С. Хакимзянов. — 2336: 1958: 1946: 973:

on the issue of renaming the Tatars into Bulgars, but in 2010 he lost in court.

9821: 9811: 9511: 9471: 9437: 9406: 9399: 9337: 9263: 9240: 9169: 9106: 9081: 8832: 8712: 8600: 8388: 8362: 8357: 8213: 8096: 7845: 7600: 7524: 7466: 7385: 7329: 7294: 7269: 7254: 7185: 7012: 6977: 6969: 6853: 6053: 5931:"Нигматуллин признан лучшим футболистом России, а Измайлов – лучшим дебютантом" 5909: 4856: 2447: 2432: 2422: 2417: 2363: 2216: 2153: 1976: 1934: 1899: 1713: 1595: 1539: 1364:

Astarkhan Tatars are a regional ethnic group. In 1989, 71 700 Tatars lived in

1323: 1153: 1072: 1019: 1015: 969:

The President of the Bulgar National Congress, Gusman Khalilov appealed to the

885: 837: 756: 738: 719: 657: 652: 601: 540: 479: 455: 415: 396: 388: 346: 20: 7982: 7380: 6790: 6171: 5930: 5350:

Top Hat, Grey Wolf, and Crescent: Turkish Nationalism and the Turkish Republic

5094: 5027: 4967: 4891:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia" 4603: 3595: 2805: 2770: 2129: 1494: 1368:. They are separated into three subgroups: Jurtov and Kundrov Tatars, and the 9927: 9846: 9797: 9683: 9644: 9639: 9595: 9484: 9419: 9414: 9392: 9367: 9347: 9230: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9101: 9016: 9009: 8995: 8817: 8798: 8793: 8780: 8670: 8663: 8538: 8429: 8398: 8141: 7946: 7916: 7850: 7789: 7681: 7674: 7621: 7509: 7499: 7274: 7094: 6918: 6877: 6223: 5241: 5102: 5036: 4976: 4916: 4860:

Differentiation of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes in Russian populations

4826: 4782: 3202: 3047: 2892:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 448–449. 2883: 2802:""Татарская проблема" во всероссийской переписи населения (взгляд из Москвы)" 2397: 2342: 2165: 2111: 2099: 1846: 1721: 1694: 1583: 1343: 1331: 1315: 1288: 1111: 1107: 1030: 1003: 747: 635: 616: 566: 532:, established in 1920. It was the first successful Tatar formation since the 475: 116: 52: 6172:"Марат Сафин: "В нашей стране все татары и татарская кухня — самая вкусная"" 4773: 4674:"Islamic Challenges to Russia, From the Caucasus to the Volga and the Urals" 4436: 4434: 4398: 4396: 3686: 2036: 2027: 1457: 996: 734:

After Russians, Volga Tatars are the second biggest ethnic group in Russia.

600:

was adopted by many of the Tatars. They became subjects of Russia after the

9897: 9634: 9220: 9141: 9091: 9066: 8937: 8922: 8917: 8907: 8788: 8732: 8623: 8558: 8470: 8465: 8451: 8300: 8189: 8056: 8041: 7855: 7794: 7764: 7728: 7552: 7424: 7401: 7169: 7105: 6992: 6860: 5634:"Судьба татарского художника Лотфуллы Абдульменовича Фаттахова (1918–1981)" 5259: 5169: 5120: 5054: 4994: 4934: 4834: 4790: 4424: 2427: 2159: 2060: 1666: 1571: 1200: 1131: 1061: 742: 624: 551: 205: 8223: 5700: 5151: 4061:. Wimbush, S. Enders. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 234. 4031: 1234:

in Russian sources during 15th and early 17th century, live mainly in the

9887: 9877: 9816: 9733: 9555: 9451: 9309: 9146: 9086: 9002: 8942: 8927: 8822: 8565: 8475: 8367: 8272: 8193: 8076: 8071: 8015: 7519: 7435: 7362: 7231: 7212: 7035: 6515:Нуруллин Р. Г. Яхиннар. — Казан: «Ихлас» нәшрияты, 2016. — 208 б. 500 д. 4431: 4393: 3285: 2288: 2252: 2246: 1991: 1928: 1877: 1820: 1546: 1354: 1327: 1318:. Most of them speak the Kazan dialect of Tatar language, and some speak 1208: 1034: 801: 764: 760: 703: 597: 487: 363: 5821:Гаффарова Ф.Ю. Татар мөһаҗирләре. — Казан: «Фән» нәшрияты, 2004. — 88 б. 4618:"Holiday Commemorating Arrival of Islam in Russia Ratified in Tatarstan" 4575: 3659: 3000: 1421:). The first printed edition in the Tatar language was the Manifesto of 9756: 9689: 9663: 9649: 9444: 9342: 9283: 8976: 8932: 8752: 8742: 8457: 8403: 7876: 7123: 5619: 5426: 4653: 3840:"The origin of Mishar Tatars and Teptyars in the work of G.N. Akhmarov" 3750: 3631:"Мухамеджан Хусаинов: первый муфтий, дипломат и конезаводчик Подробнее" 1884: 1808: 1709: 920: 852: 371: 241: 223: 169: 151: 8061: 7205: 6138:Академия Генерального штаба. – М., Военное издательство, 1987. с. 242. 5887: 5233: 4757:"Mitogenomic Diversity in Tatars from the Volga-Ural Region of Russia" 4253:"К вопросу об этногенезе и периодизации этнической истории нагайбаков" 4231:"Русские исследователи второй половины XIX начала XX вв. О нагайбаках" 4102: 3909: 2903: 9892: 9722: 9697: 9576: 9430: 9293: 9258: 8965: 8850: 8804: 8656: 8552: 8544: 8418: 8413: 8313: 8285: 8091: 8081: 8028: 7995: 7881: 7667: 7629: 7610: 7590: 7565: 7471: 7005: 6913: 6766: 5592:"Народный артист ТАССР Эмиль Заляльдинов скончался в возрасте 89 лет" 5446: 2407: 1850: 1828: 1811:, thus supporting the view that Tatars may be descendants of ancient 1646: 1433: 1404: 1311: 1307: 1256: 1235: 1212: 1167:, S. K. Shakulova (1887–1964) is said to have been a Kasimov Tatar. 1119: 962: 525: 471: 459: 295: 102: 6702:"Battle with Famine:" Soviet Relief and the Tatar Republic 1921-1922 6091:""Rudolf Nureyev's short biography – The Rudolf Nureyev Foundation"" 5660: 5620:"Сенсация в UFC: уроженец Мордовии вырубил американца за 55 секунд!" 5535: 5378: 3344: 2822:. Suomentanut Lauri Kotiniemi. Abdulla Tukain kulttuuriseura, 1991. 1582:

Most notable example of radical Islam among Tatars is the formation

1056:

has been said to resemble the ancient Kipchak dialect. According to

707:

A version of the Tatarstan flag sometimes used by Tatar separatists.

9717: 9526: 9332: 9212: 9205: 8960: 8912: 8894: 8865: 8767: 8737: 8579: 8573: 8517: 8373: 8343: 8333: 8306: 8292: 8278: 8201: 8046: 7990: 7976: 7961: 7936: 7926: 7896: 7585: 7572: 7558: 7139: 4947: 2402: 1791: 1369: 1335: 1319: 1180: 1127: 924: 841: 611:

was a period of mass starvation and drought that took place in the

570: 467: 384: 6560: