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made a multifunction voltage-controlled filter module capable of stable operation at a Q over 100; it could be shock-excited to ring like a vibraphone bar. Q was voltage-controllable, in part by a panel-mounted control. Its internal circuit was a classic analog computer state variable "loop", which
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Historically, musical VCFs have included variable feedback which creates a response peak (Q) at the cutoff frequency. This peak can be quite prominent, and when the filter's frequency is swept by a control, partials present in the input signal resonate. Some filters are designed to provide enough
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In some popular electronic music styles, "filter sweeps" have become a common effect. These sweeps are created by varying the cutoff frequency of the VCF (sometimes very slowly). Controlling the cutoff by means of a transient voltage control, such as an
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which determines the rate of attenuation outside the bandpass, often at 6 dB/octave, 12 dB/octave, 18 dB/octave or 24 dB/octave (one-, two-, three- and four-pole filters, respectively). In
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124:. The characteristic musical sound of a particular VCF depends on both its linear (small-signal) frequency response and its non-linear response to larger amplitude inputs.
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Dennis P. Collin (1971). "Electrical Design and
Musical Applications of an Unconditionally Stable Combination Voltage Controlled Filter/Resonator".
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Depiction of cutoff frequency of a low-pass filter, showing
Butterworth response
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feedback to go into self-oscillation, and it can serve as a sine-wave source.
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A music synthesizer VCF allows its cutoff frequency, and sometimes its
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Analog Days C: the invention and impact of the Moog synthesizer
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and noise, or the output of other processors. By varying the
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16:Electronic filter circuit controlled with voltage
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39:. Voltage-controlled filters are widely used in
74:responses. Some musical VCFs offer a variable
265:Schematics and PCBs for building your own VCF
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31:whose operating characteristics (primarily
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215:Trevor J. Pinch, Frank Trocco (2002).
221:. Harvard University. p. 357.
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91:, the filter passes or attenuates
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114:provided outputs in quadrature.
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196:Voltage-controlled oscillator
191:Voltage-controlled amplifier
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81:modular analog synthesizers
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171:Electronic filter topology
117:A VCF is an example of an
35:) can be set by an input
21:voltage-controlled filter
134:Transistor ladder filter
128:Synthesizer filter types
62:response, and sometimes
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186:Subtractive synthesis
95:of the input signal.
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285:Synthesiser modules
139:Diode ladder filter
101:envelope generator
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280:Nonlinear filters
176:Non-linear filter
166:Electronic filter
144:Sallen–Key filter
122:non-linear filter
29:electronic filter
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181:Self oscillation
89:cutoff frequency
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244:AES Journal
85:oscillators
274:Categories
202:References
149:OTA filter
155:See also
93:partials
68:bandpass
64:highpass
56:Q factor
27:) is an
60:lowpass
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119:active
76:slope
72:notch
223:ISBN
70:or
25:VCF
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19:A
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