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1343:, and later as a trade sanatorium. In 1956, the palace was once again reinstated as a museum, and two years later, it was further expanded by art treasures. However, the majority of the artwork looted during the war was never recovered, only a small fragment of the former collection was returned to the museum. In 1965, the palace was incorporated into the "Alupka Palace-Park Complex," a national historical preserve which also includes the
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117:'s elite ruling class; a great number of these vastly wealthy nobles were so taken with the palace and its seaboard site that they were moved to create their own summer retreats in the Crimea. By the early 20th century not only many aristocrats, but also members of the Imperial Family, including the Tsar himself, had palaces in an assortment of architectural styles in the vicinity.
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wing, which was to be the summer retreat of the
Vorontsov's daughter Countess Sofia Shuvalova and her children, the countess was estranged from her husband This wing linked the palace to the western gatehouse, and created the enclosed Shuvalov Passage leading to the main entrance. Hunt remained in the Prince's employ until his retirement in 1852.
1128:). The marriage was not happy, inducing her to live separately from her husband, who died in the house of another woman in 1876. From the 1850s Sofia and her children used Alupka as a country retreat, occupying the long West Wing now named after them, the Shuvalov Wing, while her brother Prince Semyon occupied the remainder of the palace.
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1158:(7 July 1850 – 5 January 1904) inherited the entailed estate in 1885 from his brother Count Pavel. On 12 February 1886, the Emperor authorized him to use the princely title and to style himself Prince Vorontsov-Shuvalov. He was a bachelor and lived abroad. On his death, the title of Prince Vorontsov (
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Following the female claim to the principal rooms of the corps de logis, the library and dining room were relocated to a secondary wing not built until much later. This secondary wing is linked to the west of corps de logis by a large arcaded loggia; originally open, it is now glazed and known as the
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After completion of the palace, Hunt remained at Alupka working on an assortment of projects in and around the estate building long carriage drives, roads and structural improvements to the gardens surrounding the palace. One of his largest projects was an extension to the palace itself, the
Shuvalov
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The setting of our abode was impressive ... Behind the villa, half Gothic and half
Moorish in style, rose the mountains, covered in snow, culminating in the highest peak in the Crimea. Before us lay the dark expanse of the Black Sea, severe, but still agreeable and warm even at this time of the
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Countess
Yelizaveta Vorontsova-Dashkova lived in the palace until April 1919. During the great evacuation of the Crimea by the Russian Whites, she sailed to Malta aboard a British ship. She was accompanied by her grandchildren from the Sheremetev family, including Count Nikolai Sheremetev, who later
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lions; this statuary was placed alongside the wide flight of steps climbing the terraces to the palace. Each of the statues, by
Italian sculptor Giovanni Bonnani, is depicted in a varying pose – a pair of "sleeping lions" at the bottom of the steps, "waking lions" near the centre, and "standing
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The library, the last of the palace's rooms to be completed, is based on Sir Walter Scott's own library, revealing the personal friendship that Blore had with Scott. Inside, the library features about 6,000 literary and musical works of the 18th and 19th centuries. The interior's woodwork, including
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William Hunt, the onsite architect employed to oversee Blore's design, while remaining faithful to Blore's overall plans, was not afraid to alter them. Most notably, the
Western Gatehouse, the main approach to the palace, was intended to have octagonal towers, but Hunt redesigned the gatehouse in an
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Blore had already worked on many grand
British buildings and a couple of buildings in colonial Australia. Blore himself did not visit the town of Alupka, however, he was well informed about the area's mountainous landscape and terrain. Construction restarted in 1830, under the supervision of Blore's
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An important feature of the
Vorontsov Palace is the adjoining park ensemble, which features 40 hectares (99 acres) of greenery and forestry arranged by German landscape gardener Carolus Keebach. Today, the Vorontsov Palace is a part of the "Alupka Palace-Park Complex," a national historical preserve
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Although it has survived years of wear and warfare, one of the palace's wings is now in danger of collapsing into the Black Sea below. Cracks have begun to appear in the library, housing almost 10,000 books and manuscripts. Although Edward Blore had a state-of-the-art drainage system built into the
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Construction began in 1828, however, it was suspended in June 1831 before the building has risen from its foundations. This may have been because the principal architect
Harrison had died the previous year and Boffo working alone may not have been an option – his alterations to Harrison's plans for
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Princess
Trubetskaya, once famed for her radiant beauty. The couple found the cost of running the palace too high, and after making various economies they seldom visited the Crimea. After Semyon's death without issue, the widow plundered the palace of many of its entailed furnishings and paintings
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Crimea's coastal highway runs through the park, dividing it into the upper and lower portions. The upper park is dominated by the mountain springs, as well as by the native southern coast forestry and clusters of foreign tree growth. A feature of the upper park is the Fountain of Trilby, which was
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Keebach had the park designed in such a way that it would incorporate the landscape's native vegetation, mountain springs, and nearby rocky masses, in addition to foreign plant species brought in from the Mediterranean, both North and South America, as well as from East Asia. Today, the park still
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floors. Inside the corps de logis, it had been Blore's intention to follow the English 19th century tradition of distinct masculine and feminine suites of reception rooms; with a library, dining rooms and billiard room ensuite to left of the central hall for men, and a massive drawing room to the
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While the designs for the corps de logis were confined by the foundations of Harrison's earlier plan, the secondary wings and precincts were not. Abandoning completely Harrisons concept of bedrooms set in terraces beneath the corp de logis, Blore's assistant architect, Hunt, opted for the typical
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There is now a museum comprising several rooms most notable of which are the blue room, chintz room, dining room, and the Chinese cabinet. The museum covers the first floor's first eight rooms, featuring more than 11,000 exhibits, including engravings of the 18th century, paintings from the 16th
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soft furnishings. However, for unknown reasons, this concept was never executed and the female part of the house was extended into the male territory, with the intended billiard room becoming the countess's boudoir while the study became a further small sitting room for feminine use. Above these
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was constrained by Vorontsov's wish to use the footings and foundations which had been built for Harrison's original design; this severely restricted the shape, size and layout of the palaces principal rooms. However, rather than erect a compact and low classical villa, as Harrison had designed,
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This major change from a Classical design to a far more complex revival style, little known in Russia, meant Vorontsov had to find an alternative architect to execute a new design. This was further complicated by Vorontsov's desire to not only have a loose Jacobean style, but also to incorporate
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style of architecture – a hybrid revival styles based on the English buildings of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, which, in turn, had been influenced by the English Renaissance style which had belatedly evolved from the Italian Renaissance style of a century earlier. Vorontsov decided to
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and part of his British delegation were given temporary residence within the Vorontsov Palace. Within two weeks, construction workers had restored 22 rooms in the main palace, 23 rooms in the Shuvalov wing, and even replanted the palace gardens. The palace's English-inspired architectural style
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However, it is the southern garden façade which displays the strongest of the building's Islamic influences; it has a flat roof and is topped by two minaret-style towers at its centre. These minarets flank the massive, central bay, this takes the form of a projecting double height porch entered
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offered a less expensive design, which was adopted. The Tsarina's palace was built between 1843 and 1853 under the supervision of William Hunt and Combioggio, an architect from Odessa. This edifice was destroyed by an 1882 conflagration, with only a marble rotunda remaining. The next emperor,
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Vorontsov had been purchasing land from the local Tartars for the site of his new palace at Alupka from 1823; however, the acquisition had been part of a deal which necessitated Vorontsov to build a new mosque. Part of the site had already been planted with fine trees in 1787 for
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Mikhail Vorontsov was appointed Viceroy of Novorossiya in May 1823. Even before their arrival in Odessa, the Vorontsovs started buying up lands in the southwest of Crimea, which was sparsely populated and little known at the time. Alupka was bought in 1824 from colonel
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1171:(25 July 1845 – 15 July 1924), the elder sister of Pavel and Mikhail Shuvalov. She was the last private owner of the palace, and restored much of its former splendour, buying back many of its former furnishings, and living quietly there with her husband, Count
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as part of Potemkin's "improvements" to the area in preparation of a visitation by Catherine the Great following Potemkin's bloodless annexation of the Crimea to Russia. On acquiring ownership of the site, Vorontsov immediately employed the German gardener
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The largest of the landscaping undertakings carried out on the palace's grounds were performed between 1840 and 1848 with the aid of soldiers, who also assisted in the formation and leveling of the terraces laid out before of the palace's southern façade.
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Fort, and other local Tatar architecture. The resulting design was to highlight the Crimea's position as a place where the East and West meet. It was a radical departure from the Neoclassical strain that dominated the Russian architecture of the period.
1220:, after which it was converted into a museum. This occupied the main, dining, and library wings of the building. In addition to the state-confiscated Vorontsov family possessions, the museum also featured the exhibits of the nationalised estates of the
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Vorontsov decided upon the British architect Edward Blore to redesign and complete the building. Blore was a curious choice of architect; though able, his work has often been often considered bland and uninspired. The eminent architectural historian
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right for women. This layout of gender designated zones had become popular in Victorian England; however its intention was not to segregate the sexes, but more to define furnishings – the male zones tended to have heavy oak furniture and dark
699:, and the front entrance were completed. The final wing built of the mansion was the library wing; this was under construction from 1842 to 1844. The remaining four years of building works were spent on the palace's interior decoration.
1038:, the founder of New Russia (who was childless). She was one of the many Polish noble women who married the Russian aristocrats during the brief period of the "Polish enchantment", when Alexander I publicly conducted an affair with
913:, a Berlin-based architect, a design for a new residence. His design called for a striking combination of Greek Revival and Egyptian Revival elements. The palace was to be perched on the craggy shore in Oreanda. The court architect
1135:(1846–1885), the son of Sofia Shuvalova and grandson of Mikhail Vorontsov, inherited the largely empty palace and the Vorontsov title on the death of his uncle in 1882. He died three years later. His wife, Yelizaveta Stolypina,
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494:, completed a few years earlier. Both these buildings drew heavily on the Islamic motifs, which were later to be evident at the Vorontsov Palace and were new and novel designs at the time of the Prince's visit to England.
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The palace sits surrounded by gardens and a park; these grounds consisting of 40 hectares (99 acres) were laid out by the German landscape gardener Carolus Keebach in the first half of the 19th century in the form of an
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Vorontsov's building activities started a tradition of imperial residency of the area which would attract many of Russia's elite to also build villas and palaces in the Crimea. One of the first such buildings was the
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and the construction of a nearby sewage pipe in 1974 have helped to increase the potential for a landslide. Another potential looming disaster is surrounding the medieval-style gatehouse near the palace's west side.
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has described Blore as "a bit of a bore." However, Blore's stolid and conventional designs were admired by the English Tory aristocracy – a class to which Vorontsov's sister belonged and for whom Blore had worked at
2390:Из сокровищ Алупкинского дворца-музея / Публ. Г. Г. Филатовой // Российский Архив: История Отечества в свидетельствах и документах XVIII—XX вв.: Альманах. – М.: Студия ТРИТЭ: Рос. Архив, 2009. – . – С. 560—564.
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was commissioned to build a small house for the Vorontsov family to inhabit while the new palace was under construction. Now much altered in form, and known as the Asiatic Pavilion, this building still stands.
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Winter Garden. A later secondary wing, known as the Shuvalov wing (named after Vorontsov's son-in-law, Count Shuvalov) was not part of Blore's original plan and designed by his assistant, William Hunt.
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In places, the seemingly at odds architectural styles can be viewed simultaneously; this is particularly so in the chimney stacks which resemble Islamic minarets. These coupled with the castellated
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Designed to resemble a medieval street, the Shuvalov Passage leads from the Western Gatehouse, through the secondary wings, to the forecourt before the principal entrance in the northern facade
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905:. In September 1837, the Tsar and Tsarina visited the Crimea for the first time. The viceroy entertained them at his new residence in Alupka. Impressed with the palace and its setting, the
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to construct the palace. These unpaid workers performed all the labour by hand, aided only by primitive hand tools. Masons were also brought in to help with the construction. The palace's
219:, as it was then better known) was still perceived as a wild, exotic hinterland. The mid-1820s saw the appearance of highly popular Romantic works celebrating its rugged beauty, such as
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all of whom had estates in the vicinity. In 1927, the palace's Shuvalov wing housed a sanatorium "10 Years of October," while the palace's main concourse became home to Alupka resort's
684:, chosen for its unique colour to match the colours of the surrounding mountainous landscape and forest greenery. All other building materials were imported from outside the Empire.
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wooed Elise Vorontsova in Odessa and addressed several poems to her. Apparently resenting his advances, the countess complained to her husband, who had his young rival exiled to a
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in 1941, most of the museum's exhibits were evacuated for safety from Alupka. However, some 537 artistic and graphics exhibits (including temporary exhibition paintings from the
403:; Vorontsov must have approved of this concept, as it was the only feature (albeit transformed to an Islamic style) to be incorporated from Harrison's plans into the new plans.
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gained praise from Churchill himself: Churchill was so taken by the garden's Medici lions that he later asked Stalin if he could take them home; Stalin declined the request.
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The Western Gatehouse gives access to the warren of secondary wings. On the right, to the Shuvalov Passage and main entrance, and on the left, to the stables and staff wings.
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Owing to its status as an important local tourist attraction and architectural monument, the Vorontsov Palace and its surrounding park complex were frequently featured in
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with bedroom floors below, on what are now the lower terraces of the present palace. On the garden front, facing the sea, the plans show a large double height classical
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339:. It is therefore unsurprising that he chose to reside with his daughter in England until his death and that Mikhail Vorontsov was a frequent visitor to that country.
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The Vorontsov Palace: the northern entrance façade. The stone was mined locally as part of a conscious effort to blend the building with its mountainous surroundings.
1009:. Embarrassed and distressed, he retired from public life to the privacy of Odessa. Vorontsov died in 1856, having lived just long enough to see the signing of the
997:. Having completed the palace, Vorotsov, now suffering progressive blindness, spent little time there. His commitments to the expanding Russian Empire took him to
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Architecturally at odds with the northern entrance facade, Blore's Islamic southern garden façade has a massive central exedra which forms an open mosque-like
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featuring wide open spaces and gardens planted alongside the walkways. The walkways are gravelled with 29 bags of coloured stones from the Crimean village of
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1001:; there, he waged wars on the rebellious local tribes. The now elderly Vorontsov, a confirmed anglophile, was particularly distressed by the outbreak of the
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51:. The Vorontsov Palace is one of the oldest and largest palaces in Crimea, and is one of the most popular tourist attractions on Crimea's southern coast.
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215:, the viceroy's court in Odessa looked like a "small capital of an imperial fürst". While many Neoclassical buildings appeared in Odessa, the Crimea (or
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1082:(23 October 1823 – 6 May 1882), the only son and heir of Prince Mikhail. He served under his father in the Caucasus with distinction and figures in
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938:, one of Alexander I's most trusted advisors. Blore's design inspired another straightforward imitation on the eastern shore of the Black Sea: the
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emerged as Russia's southern capital with a vibrant cosmopolitan society centred on a handful of Russian aristocrats and Polish noblewomen such as
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and his assistant William Hunt. The building is a hybrid of several architectural styles, but faithful to none. Among those styles are elements of
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mosque, which enabled the classical exedra of Harrison's design to be incorporated, once given an Islamic makeover, harmoniously into the design.
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486:, a similar approach was also gaining popularity in Britain. An Anglicised interpretation of Islamic architecture is exemplified by the Brighton
1273:, who made it his personal headquarters. This explains why the palace was so well preserved. The building was later converted into a museum for
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architecture. Blore had designed many buildings in the United Kingdom, and was later particularly well known there for completing the design of
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year. Carved white lions guarded the entrance to the house, and beyond the courtyard lay a fine park with sub-tropical plants and cypresses.
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Thomas Harrison's abandoned classical design for the garden facade centred on an exedra; this feature was to be retained in the new plan.
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1108:(1825–15 August 1879), the daughter of Prince Mikhail and Princess Elizaveta. In 1844, she married Count Andrei Shuvalov, the owner of
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691:, built from 1830 to 1834. The principal central wing of the mansion was constructed from 1831 to 1837. Between 1841 and 1842, a
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officers stationed in and around Crimea. Originally, the Nazis had planned to dynamite the palace, but the rapid advance of the
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was ruined by the Soviets, but his remains survived the Soviet era and were returned to the newly rebuilt cathedral in 2005.
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room was constructed adjoining the dining room. From 1838 through to 1844, the guest wing, the east wing, towers, the
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add what appears to be an almost Moorish element to the late English Renaissance air of the northern façade.
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The North Forecourt, accessed from the Shuvalov Passage which emerges from the lefthand arch, serves as a
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The north forecourt. Today, the palace is a tourist attraction receiving thousands of visitors each year.
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1968:Т. Брагина, Н. Васильева. Путешествие по дворянским имениям южного берега Крыма. Таврия, 2001. Стр. 113.
1062:. After her husband's death, Yelizaveta rarely visited the Alupka Palace, preferring to live in Odessa.
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In the summer of 1848, the palace and its grounds were enhanced by the addition of three pairs of white
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Vorontsov had traveled widely in England, and had doubtless seen the newly emerging, but retrospective,
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599:. The interior of the porch takes the form of an exedra, which is really an elaborately decorated open
395:. Harrison's plans for the palace at Alupka show a classical villa on the site of the present palace's
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1300:; this was between representatives from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union.
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613:. The porch is flanked by two short wings, each of two bays and adorned with cast iron balconies and
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claimed that "a dull competence pervaded all his work", while the country house architectural expert
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A 19th-century vintage postcard showing the Vorontsov Palace viewed through its manicured gardens
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review the design in order to incorporate these new trends from Western European architecture.
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Towers of Crim Tartary: English and Scottish architects and craftsmen in the Crimea, 1762–1853
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to further improve the site and layout the grounds and gardens for the proposed new palace.
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Baroness Pilar von Pilchau, outlived him by 54 years. They had no children. An imperial
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The intricate wooden ceiling of the small China Room, also known as the China Cabinet.
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architectural elements were also incorporated in the design of the royal villas in
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features more than 200 exotic tree and shrub species, including a wide variety of
523:; therefore it seems likely that these latter connections led Vorontsov to Blore.
391:. The two architects had previously worked together on the design for Vorontsov's
319:'s ambassador to England, and the Prince had been educated in London. His sister,
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The construction of Mikhail Vorontsov's summer residence in Alupka so impressed
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through 19th centuries, including those depicting Crimean scenarios by Armenian
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on the southern. The central bay of the southern façade was inspired by Delhi's
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1959:Е. И. Индова. Крепостное хозяйство в начале XIX века. Moscow, 1955. Page 36.
311:(born 1782 – died 1856). The Prince was a dedicated Anglophile. His father,
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Entrance to the palace forecourt in the style of a medieval English castle.
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was introduced from various locations throughout the world, including the
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One of the first of the palace's many rooms to be completed was the main
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The palace consists of a total of 150 rooms, the principal of which are
295:(1782–1856) commissioned the palace for use as his own summer residence.
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The Blue Drawing Room with intricate plasterwork decorating the walls.
511:. The Anglophile Vorontsov was also a great admirer and friend of Sir
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that he decided to have his own family retreat built at neighbouring
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features on the northern side, and an eclectic medley of western and
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The southern façade of the main building is built in the style of an
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from 7 July 1882 designated Alupka the centrepiece of the Vorontsov
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placed there in 1829. The lower park is modelled in the style of an
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The Vorontsov Palace was commissioned as a summer residence for the
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2879:
1339:
Following the war, the palace was used as a summer retreat for the
1125:
1113:
847:
831:
795:
782:
766:
750:
614:
471:
407:
the Governor's residence in Odessa had been unfavourably received.
183:
1554:) name was contrived during Soviet times to remove mention to the
243:'s Oriental romances and pictured the Crimea as an exotic land of
78:
The palace was built between 1828 and 1848 for the Russian Prince
3421:
3327:
2884:
2792:
1462:
1144:
1005:, which, in England, was heavily promoted by his English nephew,
943:
906:
902:
887:
728:
681:
605:
588:
554:
475:
380:
264:
216:
54:
2737:
1515:, list of similarly named palaces built for the Vorontsov family
814:
imported over a 150 years ago still numbers almost 200 species.
420:
82:
for use as his personal summer residence at a cost of 9 million
3238:
3054:
2865:
2381:С. В. Любимов. Титулованные роды Российской империи. СПб, 1910.
998:
931:
854:
737:
703:
English 14th-century castle style, with solid round towers and
677:
400:
268:
200:
83:
48:
44:
1433:
One of the man-made, sub-tropical terraces beneath the palace.
878:
765:. The walls are adorned in cloth, with designs made by Dutch,
113:
Once completed, the palace was visited by many members of the
3638:
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Crimea
3262:
1140:
843:
811:
803:
777:
2726:
Monuments of urban development and architecture in the UkSSR
1101:
with the Duca di Montelfi, her son from a previous marriage.
3479:
2729:
2675:
2652:
1340:
895:
167:
visited the palace in 1900 and wrote a short poem entitled
67:
1477:
The Gothic style billiards room adjoining the Dining Room.
572:
Blore's plan was radically different, with strong English
1026:(19 September 1792 – 27 April 1880), a daughter of Count
934:
Palace, designed by William Hunt in the 1830s for Prince
817:
762:
2555:
Ministry of Culture of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
187:
In the 1820s, Russian noblemen commissioned a number of
2189:
2187:
2341:
2339:
2216:
2214:
2124:
2122:
2040:
2038:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1192:(Bébé). Yelizaveta's descendants also include actress
470:
so as to highlight the oriental strain evident in the
379:
design, and plans for such a design were executed, in
2363:
2199:
2184:
993:
from 1844 to 1853, he supervised the conduct of the
267:. By that time, the Vorontsovs also had property in
2646:
2537:
2351:
2336:
2226:
2211:
2155:
2134:
2119:
2068:
2035:
2023:
2006:
1983:
1971:
1599:
1068:A gala at Semyon Vorontsov's mansion in Tiflis, by
761:the doors, panelling, and ceilings, is made out of
323:, had married an English aristocrat and become the
86:. It was designed in a loose interpretation of the
2772:
2749:
2694:
2621:
2244:Girouard, Life in the English Country House, p292.
680:blocks were made from a local greenish-gray tinge
617:overlooking over the terraces and their statuary.
2860:
2430:
39:is a historic palace situated at the foot of the
3569:
2503:Triumph and Tragedy: The Second World War, Vol 6
1332:Triumph and Tragedy: The Second World War, Vol 6
1296:took place in the neighbouring, former imperial
2174:
2172:
2170:
1112:(not to be confused with another branch of the
741:seaward facing rooms were the family bedrooms.
191:residences in Novorossiya, primarily in Odessa.
169:"Long alley leading down to the shore ..."
1855:. Taurical National University. Archived from
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
3309:
3204:
2846:
2719:
2286:
2178:
1936:"Классика: Вигель Филипп Филиппович. Записки"
1622:
985:(30 May 1782 – 18 November 1856), Viceroy of
450:) was the inspiration for Blore's new design.
327:of one of England's grandest country houses,
3323:
2813:"M.Vorontsovs palace, Alupka : palaces"
2531:
2280:
2260:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2167:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1147:, which was to be inherited in the right of
282:
2669:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
1774:"Crimea's castles in the air face collapse"
1639:
1605:
1050:. When exiled to the Black Sea coast after
387:and modified, on site, by Odessa architect
3316:
3302:
3211:
3197:
2853:
2839:
2647:Ivchenko, A.S.; Parkhomenko, O.A. (2010).
2465:
1912:(in Russian). bunin.niv.ru. Archived from
1595:
1593:
2496:
2459:
2297:
2295:
1750:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1580:
1578:
1255:forces, amounting to a loss of 5 million
515:, for whom Blore had worked at the great
375:Originally, the prince wanted a strictly
2770:
2744:
2080:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1729:
1307:
1203:
1063:
877:
816:
776:
631:
358:
286:
182:
61:
53:
3588:Moorish Revival architecture in Ukraine
2616:
2607:
2257:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1735:
1590:
1584:
1421:The 'Lion' steps climbing the terraces.
1363:palace's foundation, years of neglect,
973:
609:stating "There is no God but Allah" in
247:traditions which had flourished in the
173:К прибрежью моря длинная аллея ...
3608:Gothic Revival architecture in Ukraine
3570:
2692:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2301:
2292:
1906:"Long alley leading down to the shore"
1842:
1840:
1771:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1628:
1575:
3297:
3192:
2834:
2584:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2232:
2220:
2205:
2193:
2161:
2140:
2128:
2074:
2044:
2029:
2017:
2000:
1977:
1819:"Vorontsovsky palace and Alupka park"
1794:
1034:, one of the nieces and heiresses of
1871:
1846:
1519:List of historic reserves in Ukraine
1266:presented the palace as a reward to
1173:Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
707:, nearly identical to the towers at
653:Vorontsov imported thousands of his
482:As a result of the expansion of the
2610:Southern Coast of Crimea: Guidebook
2393:
1837:
1686:
1645:
1457:The Dining Room's oak ceiling with
1289:saved the palace from destruction.
922:, had the royal residence moved to
153:Crazy Day or The Marriage of Figaro
100:Indo-Saracenic Revival Architecture
13:
2918:
2797:Alupka palace-park museum preserve
2649:Ukrayina. Fortetsi, zamky, palatsy
1772:Warren, Marcus (28 October 2000).
347:by the English landscape gardener
239:. Both poets were fascinated with
14:
3654:
3628:Buildings and structures in Yalta
3613:Historic house museums in Ukraine
3163:Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
2785:
2752:Life in the English Country House
2722:"Vorontsovsky dvorets, 1830–1846"
2468:"Towers of Crim Tartary (Review)"
1903:
1513:Vorontsov Palace (disambiguation)
1292:From 11 to 14 February 1945, the
862:" at the top nearest the palace.
410:
2253:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1199:
950:in 1873 and, at the time of the
909:-born Empress commissioned from
785:bedding on the uppermost terrace
553:
539:
435:
419:
3515:Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Old Podil)
3153:Aivazovsky National Art Gallery
2543:
2538:Ivchenko & Parkhomenko 2010
2490:
2424:
2384:
2375:
2306:
2247:
2238:
2146:
2059:
2050:
1962:
1953:
1928:
1897:
1600:Ivchenko & Parkhomenko 2010
810:, the Americas, and East Asia.
648:
530:
527:fellow architect William Hunt.
3603:Scottish baronial architecture
2612:(in Russian). Moscow: Planeta.
2474:. gbrussia.org. Archived from
2472:Great Britain – Russia Reviews
1741:
1536:
1239:When the Soviet Union entered
1:
3643:Tourist attractions in Crimea
2728:(in Russian). Vol. 1–4.
2720:Zharikov, N. L. (1983–1986).
2439:: The Second World War, Vol 6
2254:Port, M. H. "Blore, Edward".
2105:Vorontsov Mikhail Semyonovich
1717:(in Russian). 31 October 2008
1524:
1168:Elizaveta Vorontsova-Dashkova
1097:and settled at the Avenue du
946:that was commissioned by the
490:, completed in 1823, and the
309:Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov
80:Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov
3417:Shatsk National Natural Park
2593:, Lincolnshire: Shaun Tyas.
2557:(in Russian). Archived from
2274:UK public library membership
1883:Crimean Architectural Portal
1046:was in love with her sister
873:
393:official residence in Odessa
226:The Fountain of Bakhchisaray
195:In the period following the
7:
3397:Granite-steppe lands of Buh
3354:Kamianets-Podilskyi Complex
3076:Bakhchysarai Cave Monastery
2775:The Victorian Country House
2412:(in Russian). 22 March 2011
1506:
1465:in the English Tudor style.
1131:Count, later (1882) Prince
1028:Franciszek Ksawery Branicki
979:Count, later (1845) Prince
954:, was in possession of the
718:
90:style by English architect
88:English Renaissance revival
10:
3659:
3598:Tudor Revival architecture
3445:Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle
3220:National Historic Reserves
2670:Malikenaite, Ruta (2003).
2608:Chernov, Vladimir (1986).
2107:(in Russian). voroncov.net
1397:Detail of southern façade.
1385:Detail of southern façade.
1371:
1216:, in 1921, the palace was
1013:. Vorontsov's tomb in the
948:last Princess of Mingrelia
868:Italian Renaissance garden
772:
251:until its demise in 1783.
178:
16:Building in Alupka, Crimea
3478:
3430:
3382:
3334:
3234:
3168:Nikitsky Botanical Garden
3145:
3104:
3068:
3027:
2991:
2955:
2929:
2916:
2872:
2756:. Yale University Press.
2697:Yalta: The Price of Peace
2508:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
2406:"Vorontsov Palace-Museum"
1551:
1547:
1032:Aleksandra von Engelhardt
1020:Countess, later Princess
621:vast sprawling wings and
567:Blore's new plan for the
283:Original design and ethos
172:
32:
28:
3618:Houses completed in 1848
3510:St Volodymyr's Cathedral
3091:Saint Vladimir Cathedral
2779:. Yale University Press.
1133:Pavel Vorontsov-Shuvalov
3593:Moorish Revival palaces
3086:Inkerman Cave Monastery
2771:Girouard, Mark (1979).
2693:Plokhy, Serhii (2010).
1316:so admired by Churchill
991:Viceroy of the Caucasus
915:Andrei Stackenschneider
911:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
882:The palace of Princess
595:through a high Islamic
367:In 1824, the architect
3623:Edward Blore buildings
3525:Saint Sophia Cathedral
3369:Saint Sophia Cathedral
2923:
2817:Encyclopedia of Sights
2585:Brett, C.E.B. (2005).
1910:Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
1337:
1317:
1209:
1072:
891:
822:
786:
645:
603:; it has an inscribed
364:
331:. On the accession of
296:
192:
75:
59:
3554:44.41972°N 34.05528°E
3173:Tarkhankut Lighthouse
2922:
2266:10.1093/ref:odnb/2679
1879:"Vorontsovsky palace"
1711:"Vorontsovsky palace"
1668:"Vorontsovsky palace"
1319:
1311:
1281:and supporting Yalta
1279:Separate Coastal Army
1249:Simferopol Art Museum
1212:Four years after the
1207:
1067:
1023:Yelizaveta Vorontsova
881:
850:, among many others.
846:trees, and evergreen
820:
780:
635:
627:English country house
362:
290:
257:Theodosios Reveliotis
186:
140:productions such as:
70:, which is common in
65:
57:
33:Воронцо́вский дворе́ц
3500:House with Chimaeras
3096:Surp Khach Monastery
2983:Uchan-su (waterfall)
2445:. pp. 302–303.
1341:Soviet secret police
1245:State Russian Museum
974:Owners and occupiers
625:of the 19th century
468:Islamic architecture
72:Islamic architecture
3550: /
3520:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
3505:Vydubychi Monastery
3455:Metropolitan Palace
3349:Kyiv Pechersk Lavra
3258:Chersonesus Taurica
2999:Bakhchysarai Palace
2862:Tourist attractions
2437:Triumph and Tragedy
2101:"Alupkinsky palace"
1779:The Daily Telegraph
1542:The Alupka Palace (
1040:Marie Czetwertyńska
890:, Georgia (1873–78)
317:Catherine the Great
143:An Ordinary Miracle
29:Воронцовський палац
3578:Palaces in Ukraine
3559:44.41972; 34.05528
3488:St Andrew's Church
3440:Lutsk Upper Castle
2924:
2793:"Official website"
2672:Touring the Crimea
2498:Churchill, Winston
2478:on 22 October 2013
2324:on 18 October 2011
2287:Zharikov 1983–1986
2179:Zharikov 1983–1986
1853:The Crimean sights
1623:Zharikov 1983–1986
1552:Алупкинский дворец
1548:Алупкінський палац
1353:Louis XIII château
1318:
1271:Erich von Manstein
1214:October Revolution
1210:
1073:
952:Russian Revolution
936:Alexander Golitsyn
892:
823:
787:
646:
623:servants' quarters
365:
297:
199:, the new city of
193:
148:Nebesnye lastochki
76:
60:
3583:Museums in Crimea
3533:
3532:
3465:Kachanivka Palace
3450:Akkerman Fortress
3291:
3290:
3273:Scythian Neapolis
3186:
3185:
3137:Scythian Neapolis
2712:978-0-670-02141-3
2662:978-966-475-375-0
2639:978-0-8050-2396-1
2624:Churchill: A Life
2600:978-1-900289-73-3
2517:978-0-395-41060-8
2452:978-0-14-008616-4
2432:Winston Churchill
2314:"Dadiani Dynasty"
2272:(Subscription or
1859:on 6 October 2011
1501:The Conservatory.
1328:Winston Churchill
1302:Winston Churchill
1287:Crimean Offensive
1188:married Princess
1162:) became extinct.
1122:Schloss Ruhenthal
1056:Alexander Pushkin
1048:Joanna Wyszkowska
982:Mikhail Vorontsov
884:Catherine Dadiani
574:Tudor Renaissance
517:Scottish baronial
293:Mikhail Vorontsov
249:Khanate of Crimea
221:Alexander Pushkin
209:Karolina Rzewuska
108:Buckingham Palace
96:Scottish Baronial
43:near the town of
41:Crimean Mountains
3650:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3470:Vorontsov Palace
3325:Seven Wonders of
3318:
3311:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3243:Vorontsov Palace
3213:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3050:Genoese fortress
3019:Vorontsov Palace
3014:Massandra Palace
2855:
2848:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2780:
2778:
2767:
2755:
2741:
2716:
2700:
2689:
2678:: Baltija Dryk.
2666:
2655:: Kartohrafiya.
2651:(in Ukrainian).
2643:
2627:
2613:
2604:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2561:on 5 August 2012
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2466:Lindsey Hughes.
2463:
2457:
2456:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2402:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2320:. Archived from
2310:
2304:
2299:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2182:
2176:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2004:
1998:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1815:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1769:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1707:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1643:
1640:Malikenaite 2003
1637:
1626:
1620:
1603:
1597:
1588:
1582:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1540:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1345:Massandra Palace
1335:
1294:Yalta Conference
1262:During the war,
1156:Mikhail Shuvalov
1099:Bois de Boulogne
1079:Semyon Vorontsov
1060:northern village
1015:Odessa Cathedral
734:'Turkey' carpets
578:Islamic features
557:
543:
439:
423:
313:Semyon Vorontsov
301:Governor-General
174:
125:in neighbouring
123:Massandra Palace
34:
30:
21:Vorontsov Palace
3658:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3474:
3460:Khotyn Fortress
3426:
3412:Podilski Tovtry
3402:Dniester Canyon
3378:
3374:Khotyn Fortress
3330:
3322:
3292:
3287:
3247:Masandra Palace
3230:
3217:
3187:
3182:
3141:
3100:
3064:
3035:Arabat Fortress
3023:
2987:
2951:
2925:
2914:
2868:
2859:
2821:
2819:
2811:
2802:
2800:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2764:
2732:: Budivel'nyk.
2713:
2686:
2663:
2640:
2618:Gilbert, Martin
2601:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2510:. p. 303.
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2413:
2410:World's Museums
2404:
2403:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2007:
1999:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1916:on 4 March 2016
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1845:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1770:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1621:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1541:
1537:
1527:
1509:
1502:
1499:
1490:
1487:
1478:
1475:
1466:
1455:
1446:
1443:
1434:
1431:
1422:
1419:
1410:
1407:
1398:
1395:
1386:
1383:
1374:
1365:Coastal erosion
1355:style for Tsar
1351:, built in the
1347:in neighboring
1336:
1326:
1283:partisan groups
1236:and spa baths.
1202:
1160:Serene Highness
1106:Sofia Shuvalova
1070:Eugene Lanceray
1036:Prince Potemkin
976:
876:
832:oleander shrubs
775:
755:Ivan Aivazovsky
721:
711:, East Sussex.
651:
565:
564:
563:
562:
561:
558:
549:
548:
547:
544:
533:
492:Sezincote House
455:
454:
453:
452:
451:
440:
432:
431:
424:
413:
389:Francesco Boffo
385:Thomas Harrison
345:Prince Potemkin
285:
259:, the owner of
236:Crimean Sonnets
231:Adam Mickiewicz
211:. According to
197:Napoleonic Wars
181:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3656:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Sofiyivka Park
3340:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3283:Sudak Fortress
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3178:Swallow's Nest
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3105:Ancient cities
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3009:Livadia Palace
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:Angarskyi Pass
2933:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2809:
2787:
2786:External links
2784:
2782:
2781:
2768:
2762:
2746:Girouard, Mark
2742:
2717:
2711:
2690:
2684:
2667:
2661:
2644:
2638:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2581:
2573:
2572:
2542:
2540:, p. 292.
2530:
2516:
2489:
2458:
2451:
2423:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2372:, p. 132.
2362:
2350:
2335:
2318:dadiani.si.edu
2305:
2291:
2289:, p. 301.
2279:
2246:
2237:
2225:
2210:
2208:, p. 107.
2198:
2196:, p. 111.
2183:
2181:, p. 298.
2166:
2154:
2145:
2133:
2118:
2079:
2067:
2065:Girouard, p51.
2058:
2049:
2034:
2022:
2005:
1982:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1927:
1896:
1870:
1836:
1793:
1749:
1740:
1738:, p. 817.
1728:
1685:
1674:(in Ukrainian)
1644:
1627:
1625:, p. 299.
1604:
1602:, p. 290.
1589:
1587:, p. 184.
1573:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1456:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1324:
1298:Livadia Palace
1201:
1198:
1194:Anne Wiazemsky
1190:Irina Yusupova
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1163:
1152:
1102:
1052:The Gabrieliad
1018:
1011:Peace of Paris
1007:Sidney Herbert
975:
972:
956:House of Murat
940:Dadiani Palace
875:
872:
774:
771:
720:
717:
705:machicolations
674:Russian Empire
650:
647:
642:corps de logis
638:cour d'honneur
597:horseshoe arch
569:corps de logis
559:
552:
551:
550:
545:
538:
537:
536:
535:
534:
532:
529:
519:country house
488:Royal Pavilion
484:British Empire
441:
434:
433:
425:
418:
417:
416:
415:
414:
412:
411:Change of plan
409:
397:corps de logis
284:
281:
180:
177:
121:including the
115:Russian Empire
104:Gothic Revival
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3655:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3432:Architectural
3429:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:Dulber Palace
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2765:
2763:0-300-02273-5
2759:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2703:Penguin Books
2699:
2698:
2691:
2687:
2685:966-96041-9-2
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2519:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2387:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2360:, p. 22.
2359:
2354:
2348:, p. 21.
2347:
2342:
2340:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2241:
2235:, p. 81.
2234:
2229:
2223:, p. 80.
2222:
2217:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2164:, p. 98.
2163:
2158:
2149:
2143:, p. 78.
2142:
2137:
2131:, p. 99.
2130:
2125:
2123:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2077:, p. 66.
2076:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2047:, p. 70.
2046:
2041:
2039:
2032:, p. 57.
2031:
2026:
2020:, p. 58.
2019:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2003:, p. 56.
2002:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1980:, p. 17.
1979:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:Bunin, Ivan.
1900:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:"Alupka Park"
1847:Shirokov, O.
1843:
1841:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1642:, p. 60.
1641:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1557:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1357:Alexander III
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:Field Marshal
1265:
1260:
1259:at the time.
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1200:Later history
1197:
1195:
1191:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:primogeniture
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1116:family whose
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:and his heir
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
995:Caucasian War
992:
988:
984:
983:
978:
977:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
927:
925:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
897:
889:
885:
880:
871:
869:
863:
861:
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
819:
815:
813:
809:
808:Mediterranean
805:
799:
797:
793:
784:
779:
770:
768:
764:
758:
756:
752:
746:
742:
739:
735:
730:
726:
716:
712:
710:
709:Bodiam Castle
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
643:
639:
634:
630:
628:
624:
618:
616:
612:
608:
607:
602:
598:
592:
590:
585:
583:
582:Jummah Masjid
579:
575:
570:
556:
542:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
504:Mark Girouard
501:
500:Howard Colvin
495:
493:
489:
485:
480:
477:
473:
472:Khan's Palace
469:
463:
460:
449:
445:
438:
429:
422:
408:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:by architect
382:
378:
373:
370:
361:
357:
355:
350:
349:William Gould
346:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
289:
280:
278:
274:
271:, Massandra,
270:
266:
262:
258:
252:
250:
246:
245:Tartar Muslim
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:Zofia Potocka
202:
198:
190:
185:
176:
170:
166:
163:Russian poet
161:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
138:Soviet cinema
135:
130:
128:
124:
118:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
73:
69:
64:
56:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:Alupka Palace
26:
22:
3535:
3469:
3422:Lake Synevyr
3407:Marble Caves
3392:Askania-Nova
3253:Bakhchysarai
3242:
3158:Artek (camp)
3132:Pantikapaion
3081:Foros Church
3018:
2968:Grand Canyon
2820:. Retrieved
2816:
2801:. Retrieved
2799:(in Russian)
2796:
2774:
2751:
2725:
2696:
2671:
2648:
2623:
2609:
2586:
2578:Bibliography
2577:
2576:
2563:. Retrieved
2559:the original
2554:
2545:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2502:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:the original
2471:
2461:
2435:
2426:
2414:. Retrieved
2409:
2386:
2377:
2370:Brett (2005)
2365:
2358:Brett (2005)
2353:
2346:Brett (2005)
2326:. Retrieved
2322:the original
2317:
2308:
2282:
2255:
2249:
2240:
2233:Brett (2005)
2228:
2221:Brett (2005)
2206:Brett (2005)
2201:
2194:Brett (2005)
2162:Brett (2005)
2157:
2148:
2141:Brett (2005)
2136:
2129:Brett (2005)
2109:. Retrieved
2104:
2075:Brett (2005)
2070:
2061:
2052:
2045:Brett (2005)
2030:Brett (2005)
2025:
2018:Brett (2005)
2001:Brett (2005)
1978:Brett (2005)
1973:
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:the original
1909:
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1885:(in Russian)
1882:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1857:the original
1852:
1827:. Retrieved
1825:(in Russian)
1823:Sunny Crimea
1822:
1784:. Retrieved
1777:
1743:
1736:Gilbert 1992
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1714:
1676:. Retrieved
1671:
1585:Chernov 1986
1568:
1567:
1559:noble family
1538:
1529:
1528:
1361:
1338:
1331:
1320:
1314:Medici lions
1291:
1264:Adolf Hitler
1261:
1241:World War II
1238:
1218:nationalised
1211:
1186:
1166:
1155:
1136:
1132:
1105:
1093:
1087:
1077:
1021:
980:
928:
920:Alexander II
893:
864:
860:Medici lions
852:
824:
800:
792:amphitheatre
788:
759:
747:
743:
722:
713:
701:
697:service wing
686:
670:governorates
652:
649:Construction
619:
604:
593:
586:
566:
531:Architecture
525:
513:Walter Scott
496:
481:
466:motifs from
464:
456:
447:
405:
374:
369:Philip Elson
366:
341:
329:Wilton House
324:
298:
277:Cape Martian
253:
234:
224:
213:Filipp Vigel
194:
168:
162:
157:
156:(2004), and
151:
147:
141:
131:
119:
112:
92:Edward Blore
77:
36:
20:
18:
3557: /
3493:and descent
3364:Chersonesus
3278:Staryi Krym
3268:Kalos Limen
3122:Kalos Limen
3117:Chersonesus
3045:Eski Kermen
3040:Chufut-Kale
2978:Marble Cave
2963:Arabat Spit
2942:Baydar Gate
2565:23 February
2302:Plokhy 2010
2152:Brett, p95.
2056:Colvin, p30
1550:; Russian:
1312:One of the
1285:during the
1253:Nazi German
1177:World War I
1118:family seat
1089:Hadji Murat
1086:'s novella
1084:Leo Tolstoy
1003:Crimean War
960:Neo-Moorish
689:dining room
444:Jama Masjid
354:Karl Kebach
337:Alexander I
315:, had been
305:Novorossiya
110:in London.
31:; Russian:
3572:Categories
3542:44°25′11″N
3359:Khortytsia
3336:Historical
3228:Sevastopol
3028:Fortresses
2947:Laspi Pass
2910:Roman-Kosh
2895:Demir-Kapu
2890:Chatyr-Dag
2482:18 October
2328:16 October
2276:required.)
1945:16 October
1525:References
1234:polyclinic
1230:Stroganovs
1044:Konstantin
987:New Russia
899:Nicholas I
828:palm trees
729:wood block
521:Abbotsford
459:Jacobethan
325:châtelaine
241:Lord Byron
171:(Russian:
165:Ivan Bunin
3545:34°3′19″E
3127:Nymphaion
3060:Yeni-Kale
2956:Landforms
2873:Mountains
2630:Macmillan
2591:Donington
2434:(1985) .
1940:az.lib.ru
1747:Brett, p?
1569:Footnotes
1556:Vorontsov
1544:Ukrainian
1459:strapwork
1349:Massandra
1275:Wehrmacht
1165:Countess
1110:Pargolovo
1104:Countess
874:Influence
840:cypresses
657:from the
615:verandahs
601:vestibule
428:vestibule
377:Classical
321:Catherine
307:, Prince
189:Palladian
134:Ukrainian
127:Massandra
35:) or the
25:Ukrainian
3069:Churches
2973:Kazantyp
2900:Kara-Dag
2880:Ai-Petri
2748:(1978).
2738:84179019
2620:(1992).
2523:11 March
2500:(1986).
1920:3 August
1863:3 August
1782:. London
1507:See also
1463:pendants
1325:—
1247:and the
1226:Yusupovs
1222:Romanovs
1126:Courland
1120:was the
1114:Shuvalov
1054:affair,
907:Prussian
848:viburnum
796:Koktebel
783:parterre
753:painter
751:seascape
725:panelled
719:Interior
693:billiard
667:Voronezh
663:Vladimir
589:parapets
446:mosque (
273:Ai-Danil
223:'s poem
160:(2008).
150:(1976),
146:(1964),
3384:Natural
3328:Ukraine
2992:Palaces
2885:Ayu-Dag
2822:29 July
2803:29 July
2443:Penguin
2416:4 March
2111:30 July
1889:29 July
1829:29 July
1786:30 July
1721:29 July
1715:Qrim.ru
1678:30 July
1672:Zabytki
1372:Gallery
1257:roubles
1145:majorat
1076:Prince
944:Zugdidi
924:Livadia
903:Oreanda
888:Zugdidi
836:laurels
781:Formal
773:Grounds
767:Flemish
682:diabase
672:of the
640:to the
606:Shahada
476:Enikale
381:Chester
291:Prince
265:Oreanda
261:Livadia
217:Taurica
179:History
84:roubles
3633:Alupka
3239:Alupka
3224:Crimea
3146:Others
3112:Charax
3055:Mangup
2930:Passes
2905:Koshka
2866:Crimea
2760:
2736:
2709:
2682:
2659:
2636:
2597:
2514:
2449:
2270:
1334:, 1953
1228:, and
1154:Count
999:Tiflis
968:Likani
964:Dulber
932:Gaspra
855:marble
738:chintz
678:ashlar
665:, and
659:Moscow
611:Arabic
509:Wilton
401:exedra
333:Paul I
275:, and
269:Gurzuf
201:Odessa
158:Sappho
102:, and
49:Crimea
45:Alupka
3263:Kerch
1530:Notes
1141:ukase
844:olive
812:Flora
804:Fauna
727:with
655:serfs
448:above
3480:Kyiv
3226:and
2824:2011
2805:2011
2758:ISBN
2734:LCCN
2730:Kiev
2707:ISBN
2680:ISBN
2676:Kyiv
2657:ISBN
2653:Kyiv
2634:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2567:2012
2525:2012
2512:ISBN
2484:2013
2447:ISBN
2418:2012
2330:2016
2113:2011
1947:2016
1922:2011
1891:2011
1865:2011
1831:2011
1788:2011
1723:2011
1680:2011
1461:and
966:and
896:Tsar
442:The
263:and
229:and
207:and
136:and
68:iwan
19:The
3222:of
2864:in
2262:doi
1137:née
1124:in
1094:née
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