240:
1492:
1561:, "PRC orthography" or "Chinese orthography", was developed for the Wa people in China. However, its publications, mainly propagated through the Yunnan administration, are yet to reach a wider public beyond academics. This transcription, which originally included even a couple of letters of the
685:
Xiyun 細允 (Va ). Sun (2018a) documents the Va variety of Yingla 英臘 (zoŋráʔ) Village, Wenggake 翁嘎科 Township, Ximeng 西盟 County, Pu'er 普洱 City, Yunnan
Province. Va of Yingla is monosyllabic has 3 tones, which are high, mid and low. Sun (2018a) notes that the Va varieties of Yingla and neighboring
344:
Christian Wa are more likely to support the use of
Standard Wa, since their Bible is based on a standard version of Wa, which is in turn based on the variant spoken in Bang Wai, 150 miles north of
1511:
missionary work among the Wa began at the beginning of the 20th century first in the
Burmese and later in the Chinese areas of the Wa territory. It was led by William Marcus Young, from
881:
Standard Wa is a non-tonal language. However, tone has developed in some of the dialects. There is correspondence between tones in tonal dialects and tenseness in non-tonal dialects.
837:
Wa have also migrated to
Thailand in the past several decades, mainly from Burma. There are about 10,000 Wa speakers in Thailand. Wa villages can be found in (Watkins 2002:6):
884:
In Wa, there are 44 phonemes; 35 consonants and 9 vowels. All of these vowels can be tense or lax. Tenseness is a phonemic feature in syllables with unaspirated initials.
2387:
2406:
Schiller, Eric (1985). An (Initially) Surprising Wa language and Mon-Khmer Word Order. University of
Chicago Working Papers in Linguistics (UCWIPL) 1.104–119.
2582:
2165:[Comprehensive Investigation Report on Ethnic Identification in Yunnan] (Report) (in Chinese). Kunming: Yunnan minzu shibie zonghe diaochazu.
2522:
2518:
A Dictionary of the Wa
Language with Burmese (Myanmar), Chinese, and English Glosses and Internet Database for Minority Languages of Burma (Myanmar)
2075:
1539:
in
Chinese, and is now used mainly in the Burmese Wa areas and among the Wa in Thailand through the materials published by the Wa Welfare Society
4198:
672:
Masan 馬散 (Lavïa; Ravia; Avë; Avo; etc.). Sun (2018b) documents the Lavïa variety of Banzhe 班哲 (pa-cʰək) Village, Mengka 勐卡 (məŋkʰa) Town in
5189:
2240:
825:腾冲县, Yunnan (You 2013:359). The Kela used to speak a variety of Wa, but now speak only Chinese. The Kela also refer to themselves as the
250:
7486:
1565:, has also since been revised. Despite the revisions, both the Chinese and the Bible orthography are still marred by inconsistencies.
2942:
2961:
2954:
7084:
5233:
7491:
2534:
2575:
2495:
1515:. The first transcription of the Wa language was devised by Young and Sara Yaw Shu Chin (Joshua) in 1931 with the purpose of
5251:
4255:
1390:
2396:
5378:
4191:
2250:
7466:
5182:
2568:
2555:
756:(巴饶克): in Lancang, Gengma, Shuangjiang, Lancang counties; exonyms: Small Kawa 小卡瓦, Kawa 卡瓦, Cooked Ka 熟卡, Lajia 腊家
5281:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
954:
814:
was mentioned in Yunnan (1960) The Bujiao were classified as ethnic Bulang and had a population of 212 in 1960.
982:
961:
1568:
Recently, a revised Bible orthography adopting some features from the
Chinese orthography has been adopted as
7476:
4184:
3261:
2669:
106:
7481:
7471:
6314:
5374:
4397:
4283:
4110:
3830:
3791:
2949:
2826:
1336:
1329:
968:
216:
1019:
1015:
794:
788:
780:
774:
768:
760:
752:
748:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
641:
560:
487:
5229:
5175:
4321:
1369:
991:
926:
2086:
1397:
1169:
1162:
1005:
933:
19:"Son language" redirects here. For the concept of languages descending from their ancestral forms, see
6223:
3964:
3650:
1593:
1176:
3463:
6704:
6243:
6208:
5309:
5009:
4117:
3195:
940:
690:
belong to the same dialect as varieties spoken farther away in
Donghui 东回 and Nuofu 糯福 Townships,
7405:
7099:
6357:
6268:
6150:
6145:
5054:
4860:
4649:
3450:
2591:
2461:. 20th Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 10-11 June 2010, University of Zurich.
1183:
502:: Yanshi 岩师, Tuanjie 团结, Mengsheng 勐省, Nuoliang 糯良, Danjia 单甲, Mengjiao 勐角, Menglai 勐来, Yonghe 永和
478:
The three dialects of Wa (and their respective subdialects) according to Zhou et al. (2004) are:
363:
Certain dialects of Wa preserve a final -/s/. They include the variants spoken in Meung Yang and
265:
101:
2377:
Bradley, David (1994). "East and
Southeast Asia". In Moseley, Christopher; Asher, R. E. (eds.).
7128:
6945:
6627:
5452:
5447:
5418:
5406:
4903:
4493:
4124:
4037:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1236:
1108:
1022:. The general syllabic structure of Wa is C(C)(V)V(V)(C). Only a few words have zero-initials.
4567:
280:. There are three distinct varieties, sometimes considered separate languages; their names in
7417:
7393:
7116:
7079:
5577:
5156:
4976:
4966:
4761:
4163:
4131:
4042:
1592:
lyrics of Wa songs, use this Myanmar (revised Bible) orthography in its main variations. The
1449:
1377:
1083:
1076:
860:
7291:
2968:
7064:
6925:
6744:
6724:
6709:
6445:
6410:
6218:
4807:
4642:
4637:
4470:
4207:
4138:
3761:
2549:
1581:
1090:
575:: Mowo 莫窝, Xinchang 新厂, Zhongke 中课, Mengsuo 勐梭, Yuesong 岳宋, Wenggake 翁戛科, parts of Lisuo 力所
417:
David Bradley (1994) estimates that there are 322,000 Wa speakers in China. In China, the
8:
7377:
7357:
7121:
7048:
6749:
6699:
6694:
6105:
5672:
5256:
5108:
4827:
4632:
4627:
4420:
4334:
4274:
3978:
3332:
2937:
2932:
2801:
2334:
1318:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
870:
866:
845:
111:
6734:
6719:
5334:
2468:
The Phonetics of Wa: Experimental Phonetics, Phonology, Orthography and Sociolinguistics
2448:
The Aesthetics of Grammar: Sound and Meaning in the Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia
7496:
7322:
7094:
7028:
6977:
6930:
6874:
6604:
6547:
6273:
5429:
5198:
5031:
4719:
4622:
4577:
3872:
3435:
3221:
2973:
2599:
2446:
Watkins, Justin (2013). "Grammatical Aesthetics in Wa". In Williams, Jeffrey P. (ed.).
2431:
2284:
1516:
1500:
1097:
1043:
505:
456:
151:
6729:
5339:
2791:
2302:
1499:
The Wa language formerly had no script and some of the few Wa that were literate used
341:. According to Diffloth, variants include South Wa, "Bible Wa" and Kawa (Chinese Wa).
208:
7301:
6961:
6835:
6780:
6672:
6580:
6575:
6532:
6454:
6185:
6165:
6090:
6067:
5840:
5722:
5692:
5534:
5525:
5477:
5467:
5314:
5246:
5131:
4999:
4837:
4729:
4445:
4377:
4076:
4069:
4054:
4047:
3973:
3912:
3799:
3369:
3297:
3108:
3069:
2903:
2491:
2435:
2411:
2354:
2246:
2159:
1243:
1058:
1048:
379:
David Bradley (1994) estimates that there is a total of about 500,000 Wa speakers in
20:
3937:
3468:
2629:
2266:
7372:
7367:
7337:
7296:
7276:
7165:
7160:
7104:
7074:
7023:
6912:
6785:
6765:
6714:
6681:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6590:
6585:
6567:
6415:
6405:
6309:
6258:
6253:
6228:
6155:
5848:
5825:
5820:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5702:
5642:
5567:
5510:
5505:
5490:
5261:
5212:
5126:
5118:
5103:
5098:
5088:
5080:
5059:
4989:
4961:
4951:
4946:
4888:
4878:
4771:
4704:
4604:
4572:
4526:
4450:
4435:
4359:
4221:
4010:
4004:
3983:
3922:
3858:
3849:
3835:
3809:
3804:
3781:
3645:
3629:
3619:
3609:
3524:
3387:
3347:
3302:
3272:
3153:
3083:
3032:
2917:
2841:
2760:
2755:
2715:
2695:
2481:
2471:
2423:
2346:
1038:
841:
822:
784:(日佤): in Ximeng and Menglian counties; exonyms: Big Kawa 大卡瓦, Raw Ka 生卡, Wild Ka 野卡
6920:
4984:
3733:
3113:
7352:
7342:
7332:
7281:
7271:
7145:
7018:
7013:
7008:
6897:
6887:
6882:
6850:
6840:
6825:
6815:
6805:
6775:
6739:
6689:
6652:
6617:
6557:
6537:
6517:
6482:
6467:
6462:
6385:
6324:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6238:
6130:
6100:
6049:
6024:
6009:
5983:
5978:
5958:
5943:
5888:
5830:
5815:
5810:
5795:
5790:
5735:
5667:
5647:
5582:
5557:
5485:
5462:
5364:
5329:
5324:
5299:
5271:
5266:
5136:
5049:
4822:
4791:
4776:
4766:
4709:
4562:
4541:
4516:
4506:
4501:
4425:
4382:
4306:
4242:
4226:
4059:
3953:
3948:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3776:
3743:
3599:
3594:
3542:
3473:
3440:
3237:
3139:
3118:
3022:
2882:
2786:
2720:
2705:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2624:
2619:
2081:[Xiyun, Donggang Village, Donghui Town, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County].
1580:
which have published a series of primers in order to improve the literacy of the
1562:
1436:
1065:
1053:
948:
855:
668:
Jackson Sun (2018a) lists the Awa dialects and their alternate names as follows.
659:
653:
626:
600:
531:
499:
437:
431:
407:
357:
330:
293:
93:
4430:
2996:
2664:
2040:
333:
refers to the Wa geographic region as the "Wa corridor", which lies between the
231:
221:
7362:
7306:
7286:
7089:
7054:
7043:
7038:
7033:
6940:
6892:
6830:
6800:
6795:
6657:
6647:
6612:
6522:
6487:
6472:
6420:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6319:
6263:
6233:
6213:
6203:
6198:
6175:
6095:
6080:
6075:
6044:
6019:
6004:
5999:
5968:
5963:
5953:
5948:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5878:
5853:
5800:
5712:
5697:
5662:
5632:
5627:
5607:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5515:
5500:
5442:
5437:
5344:
5304:
5289:
5093:
5044:
5017:
4936:
4883:
4873:
4868:
4781:
4744:
4714:
4599:
4546:
4521:
4440:
4415:
4410:
4387:
4367:
4344:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4157:
4099:
4086:
4081:
4032:
3988:
3943:
3931:
3882:
3877:
3867:
3738:
3717:
3712:
3696:
3691:
3681:
3584:
3561:
3519:
3494:
3489:
3420:
3412:
3352:
3287:
3243:
3200:
3190:
3048:
2983:
2898:
2806:
2796:
2776:
2700:
2674:
2639:
2634:
2512:
1146:
976:
691:
620:
517:
461:
139:
116:
5319:
2019:
2005:
1991:
7460:
7347:
7221:
7197:
7140:
6969:
6902:
6860:
6845:
6770:
6622:
6527:
6400:
6395:
6248:
6160:
6140:
6135:
6125:
6115:
6110:
6085:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6014:
5973:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5883:
5873:
5868:
5858:
5805:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5707:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5657:
5637:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5572:
5562:
5547:
5542:
5495:
5457:
5359:
5349:
4994:
4956:
4941:
4931:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4832:
4817:
4812:
4753:
4696:
4659:
4536:
4531:
4511:
4405:
4372:
4349:
4339:
4329:
3686:
3624:
3614:
3589:
3514:
3425:
3397:
3292:
3216:
3165:
3134:
3098:
3053:
3006:
2991:
2877:
2781:
2750:
2730:
2690:
2358:
1528:
1504:
1471:
1424:
1417:
1356:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
811:
743:
Yan and Zhou (2012:138) list the following names for Wa in various counties.
687:
673:
647:
606:
586:
572:
545:
511:
451:
425:
368:
364:
334:
7327:
7192:
7155:
6855:
6820:
6810:
6790:
6662:
6542:
6507:
6497:
6492:
6477:
6365:
6289:
6193:
6170:
5863:
5730:
5652:
5602:
5552:
5354:
5294:
4786:
4734:
4724:
4686:
4484:
4311:
4064:
3825:
3458:
3392:
3318:
3103:
3027:
3001:
2861:
2856:
2710:
2614:
2546:
2335:"Para-nationalism: Sovereignty and authenticity in the Wa State of Myanmar"
1554:
1520:
1508:
1190:
338:
146:
2560:
2427:
821:克拉 (Dai exonym: Kala 卡拉; population: 393 people) live in District 3 三区 of
191:
184:
177:
7238:
7214:
7187:
7177:
7150:
7135:
7111:
6935:
6512:
6430:
6390:
6120:
5039:
4614:
4591:
3604:
3402:
3377:
2725:
2157:
1541:(Cub Yuh Bwan Ka son Vax, Cub Pa Yuh Phuk Lai Vax, Phuk Lai Hak Tiex Vax)
920:
900:
728:("Religious Wa" 信教佤). In Ximeng and Menglian counties, the Wa autonym is
650:: Dedang 德党, Menggong 孟汞, Minglang 明朗, Mengban 勐板, Yongkang 永康, Dashan 大山
514:: Sipaishan 四排山, Gengyi 耿宜, Hepai 贺派, Mengjian 勐简, Mengding 孟定, Furong 付荣
445:
316:. David Bradley (1994) estimates there are total of 820,000 Wa speakers.
155:
7266:
7204:
7182:
6552:
6425:
4926:
4851:
4265:
4176:
3907:
3382:
2486:
2350:
2024:
2010:
1996:
1544:
999:
905:
441:
349:
2531:
RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
7243:
7231:
7226:
7170:
6502:
5241:
5167:
4678:
1972:
418:
406:
The PRC writing system for Wa is based on the Wa variant in Aishuai,
269:
201:
168:
74:
2476:
2456:
2119:
2104:
239:
7209:
2540:
2517:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1512:
676:, Yunnan Province. Lavïa of Banzhe is non-tonal and sesquisyllabic.
391:
387:
345:
320:
64:
7248:
2442:
Watkins, Justin (2013). Dictionary of Wa (2 vols). Leiden: Brill.
2285:"A Bibliography of Materials in or About Wa Language and Culture"
1589:
851:
468:
273:
60:
2528:
371:
that was documented by Zhou & Yan (1984)) (Watkins 2002:8).
4667:
2158:
Yunnan minzu shibie zonghe diaocha zubian 云南民族识别综合调查组编 (1960).
1551:
472:
411:
395:
247:
2053:
Zhou, Zhizhi 周植志; Yan, Qixiang 颜其香; Chen, Guoqing 陈国庆 (2004).
1584:
troops. Also, after 2000 Wa people in social networks such as
698:
The Dai exonym for the Wa of Yongde, Zhenkang and Nanla 南腊 is
2144:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chuban she.
380:
353:
277:
52:
2458:
Topicalisation, Focus-Clefts and Stranded Prepositions in Wa
2120:"New Contributions to Palaungic Phonological Studies: Lavïa"
1572:
or "official Wa spelling" by the central authorities of the
2076:"Láncāng Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn Dōnghuí Zhèn Dōnggǎng Cūn Xìyǔn"
1524:
56:
2556:
WA (PARAOG / BA RĀOG) - BURMESE-CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
319:
It is Recognized as a State Language by the government of
2535:
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-7BBF-9@view
2450:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 99–117.
2142:
Mon-Khmer Languages of China and the Austroasiatic Family
1491:
2214:] (in Chinese). Kunming shi: Yunnan minzu chubanshe.
764:(佤): in Zhenkang and Yongde counties; exonyms: Benren 本人
1523:
and the very first publication was a compilation of Wa
1531:
being completed in 1938. This transcription, known as
2105:"New Contributions to Waic Phonological Studies: Va"
792:(卡瓦来): in Cangyuan and Gengma counties; also called
440:(over 25% of total; other ethnic groups include the
2395:(Master's thesis). Payap University. Archived from
367:(such as a variety spoken in Zhongke 中课, Masan 马散,
16:Austroasiatic language spoken in Myanmar and China
7458:
348:(Watkins 2002). Bang Wai is located in Northern
2525:(Pronunciation and spelling of Wa; in Japanese)
2412:"A Themed Selection of Wa Proverbs and Sayings"
520:: Donghe 东河, Wendong 文东, Shangyun 上允, Xuelin 雪林
246:Wa is classified as Severely Endangered by the
2135:Zhōngguó Mèng-Gāomián yǔzú yǔyán yǔ Nányǎ yǔxì
734:, while in Cangyuan and Gengma counties it is
5183:
4192:
2576:
2187:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
2064:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
467:A small number of Wa speakers also reside in
386:A small number of Wa speakers also reside in
300:(100,000 speakers), though all may be called
2267:"The Young Family's Work with the Wa People"
2153:
2151:
2041:Endangered Languages Project data for Phalok
1550:In 1956, a transcription adapted to the new
1495:Wa writing and cultural symbols on a T-shirt
325:
4014:(unclassified; possibly a language isolate)
2590:
2550:includes Awa language open access materials
2385:
2332:
2227:
2133:Yan, Qixiang 颜其香; Zhou, Zhizhi 周植志 (2012).
2111:
2098:
2096:
2052:
5405:
5190:
5176:
4199:
4185:
2583:
2569:
2160:Yúnnán mínzú shìbié zònghé diàochá bàogào
1519:. This first Wa alphabet was based on the
603:: Fuyan 富岩, Gongxin 公信, Lalei 腊垒, Nanya 南雅
238:
2485:
2475:
2148:
704:. In Sipsongpanna, the Dai call them the
534:: Banhong 班洪, Banlao 班老, most of Nanla 南腊
4206:
2093:
1490:
1016:/iu,ɯi,ui,ia,ɤi,ua,ei,ou,oi~ɔi,ai,aɯ,au/
251:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2513:Some links to Wa-related Internet sites
2465:
2454:
2445:
2409:
2376:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2132:
7459:
5197:
2238:
2169:
6345:
5404:
5171:
4180:
2564:
2223:
2221:
1435:
1376:
1317:
1064:
686:villages in Wenggake 翁戛科 Township of
2202:
2191:
356:, close to the Chinese border where
6346:
2185:Classifying Ethnic Groups of Yunnan
2175:
2034:
508:: Shahe 沙河, Mengmeng 勐勐, Nanlang 南榔
13:
4162:Languages between parentheses are
2938:Northern, Thanh Hóa, Huế, Southern
2369:
2326:
2218:
1985:
288:, the majority and standard form;
14:
7508:
7487:Languages written in Latin script
4043:Western Khmer (Chanthaburi Khmer)
2506:
2470:. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
1470:
1448:
1423:
1416:
1396:
1389:
1368:
1355:
1335:
1328:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1004:
990:
981:
967:
960:
953:
939:
932:
925:
863:, in southern Chiang Rai Province
1596:promotes the use of the script.
471:and throughout various parts of
2537:Parauk in RWAAI Digital Archive
2313:
2295:
2277:
2259:
2232:
2203:Wang, Jingliu 王敬骝, ed. (1994).
2117:
2102:
1588:, as well as Wa songwriters in
558:: ~ 100,000 speakers; autonym:
485:: ~ 250,000 speakers; autonym:
4166:of the language on their left.
2379:Atlas of the World's Languages
2126:
2068:
2046:
639:: ~ 40,000 speakers; autonym:
1:
7492:Severely endangered languages
1978:
1025:
848:, close to the Burmese border
496:subdialect: 218,000 speakers
4038:Northern Khmer (Surin Khmer)
2303:"Writing of the Wa Language"
2085:(in Chinese). Archived from
876:
597:subdialect: 30,000 speakers
569:subdialect: 60,000 speakers
528:subdialect: 35,000 speakers
7:
2541:Consonant Ear Training Tape
2389:A Descriptive Grammar of Wa
2239:Parker, Steve, ed. (2012).
1966:
1535:, is known as lǎowǎwén 老佤文
832:
629:: Shuangbo 双柏 in Mengman 勐满
617:subdialect: 5,000 speakers
583:subdialect: 3,000 speakers
542:subdialect: 3,000 speakers
10:
7513:
2333:Steinmüller, Hans (2021).
2178:Yúnnán mínzú shìbié yánjiū
2176:You, Weiqiong 尤伟琼 (2013).
722:("Head-carrying Wa" 拿头佤),
18:
7428:
7401:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
7386:
7315:
7259:
7063:
7001:
6954:
6911:
6873:
6758:
6680:
6671:
6603:
6566:
6453:
6444:
6356:
6352:
6341:
6282:
6184:
6066:
5992:
5839:
5721:
5533:
5524:
5476:
5428:
5417:
5413:
5400:
5393:
5373:
5280:
5228:
5221:
5205:
5149:
5117:
5079:
5072:
5030:
5008:
4975:
4902:
4859:
4850:
4800:
4752:
4743:
4695:
4677:
4658:
4613:
4590:
4555:
4492:
4483:
4463:
4396:
4358:
4320:
4282:
4273:
4264:
4251:
4235:
4214:
4148:
4098:
4025:
3997:
3962:
3921:
3857:
3848:
3818:
3790:
3769:
3760:
3726:
3705:
3674:
3667:
3638:
3577:
3570:
3557:
3550:
3541:
3507:
3482:
3449:
3411:
3368:
3361:
3340:
3331:
3311:
3280:
3271:
3260:
3230:
3209:
3183:
3174:
3161:
3152:
3127:
3091:
3082:
3062:
3041:
3015:
2982:
2925:
2916:
2891:
2870:
2849:
2840:
2819:
2769:
2746:
2739:
2683:
2607:
2598:
2255:– via Google Books.
2122:– via Academia.edu.
2107:– via Academia.edu.
1486:
1234:
1150:
1145:
1035:
1014:There are 15 diphthongs:
1003:
911:
904:
897:
887:
656:: Mangbing 忙丙, Muchang 木厂
326:Distribution and variants
296:Wa, 40,000 speakers) and
237:
227:
215:
199:
166:
161:
136:
90:
80:
70:
48:
33:
28:
2466:Watkins, Justin (2002).
2455:Watkins, Justin (2010).
2416:Journal of Burma Studies
2410:Watkins, Justin (2013).
2319:Watkins, Justin (2013).
2242:The Sonority Controversy
2207:
2180:
2161:
2137:
2077:
2057:
1503:, while others used the
623:: Xiyun 细允 in Donghui 东回
609:: parts of Wengjiake 翁戛科
589:: Awalai 阿佤来 in Lisuo 力所
548:: Mengjian 勐简, Dazhai 大寨
421:live in (Watkins 2002):
401:
374:
86:900,000 (2000–2008)
7467:Austroasiatic languages
7398:Northern (Beijing) Sign
2592:Austroasiatic languages
2339:Nations and Nationalism
2030:(subscription required)
2016:(subscription required)
2002:(subscription required)
1570:Wa State Wa orthography
740:(Zhou, et al. 2004:2).
5407:Sino-Tibetan languages
2545:The XG1 collection in
2323:, 2 vols. Introduction
2062:A Study of Wa Dialects
1594:Wa Women's Association
1496:
266:Austroasiatic language
5157:Burmese sign language
4967:Southwestern Mandarin
4236:Semiofficial language
2428:10.1353/jbs.2013.0001
2307:Wa Dictionary Project
2245:. De Gruyter Mouton.
1600:Wa Bible Orthography
1517:translating the Bible
1494:
861:Wiang Pa Pao District
7477:Languages of Myanmar
4252:Indigenous languages
4208:Languages of Myanmar
2386:Ma Seng Mai (2012).
2381:. London: Routledge.
2212:Wa Language Research
1582:United Wa State Army
802:A language known as
7482:Languages of Yunnan
7472:Palaungic languages
7441:NM = Inner Mongolia
4111:Proto-Austroasiatic
3831:Southern Nicobarese
3281:Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam
2118:Sun, Jackson T.-S.
2103:Sun, Jackson T.-S.
2055:Wǎyǔ fāngyán yánjiū
1601:
1032:
1031:Consonant phonemes
1018:and 2 triphthongs:
894:
871:Chiang Mai Province
867:Chiang Dao District
846:Chiang Rai Province
679:Awalai 阿佤來 (Avëloy)
662:: parts of Nanla 南腊
181: – Parauk
6978:Formosan languages
5199:Languages of China
5081:Immigrant language
4215:Official languages
2351:10.1111/nana.12709
2228:Ma Seng Mai (2012)
1599:
1559:new Wa orthography
1537:old Wa orthography
1501:Chinese characters
1497:
1030:
892:
682:Damangnuo 大芒糯 (Vo)
506:Shuangjiang County
457:Shuangjiang County
152:Chinese characters
7454:
7453:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6982:
6974:
6966:
6869:
6868:
6599:
6598:
6337:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6057:
5389:
5388:
5165:
5164:
5145:
5144:
5068:
5067:
5026:
5025:
4846:
4845:
4586:
4585:
4479:
4478:
4459:
4458:
4174:
4173:
4158:extinct languages
4021:
4020:
3844:
3843:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3503:
3502:
3327:
3326:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3148:
3147:
3078:
3077:
2912:
2911:
2836:
2835:
2815:
2814:
2497:978-0-85883-486-6
2028:(18th ed., 2015)
2014:(18th ed., 2015)
2000:(18th ed., 2015)
1964:
1963:
1533:Bible orthography
1484:
1483:
1465:
1443:
1411:
1384:
1352:
1325:
1283:
1246:
1239:
1200:
1158:
1153:
1111:
1072:
1012:
1011:
854:subdistrict near
259:
258:
21:Daughter language
7504:
7410:
6980:
6972:
6964:
6678:
6677:
6451:
6450:
6354:
6353:
6343:
6342:
5531:
5530:
5426:
5425:
5415:
5414:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5226:
5225:
5213:Standard Chinese
5192:
5185:
5178:
5169:
5168:
5119:Working language
5077:
5076:
4857:
4856:
4750:
4749:
4490:
4489:
4280:
4279:
4271:
4270:
4262:
4261:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4178:
4177:
3855:
3854:
3767:
3766:
3672:
3671:
3575:
3574:
3555:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3366:
3365:
3338:
3337:
3278:
3277:
3269:
3268:
3240:(Northern Chong)
3181:
3180:
3159:
3158:
3089:
3088:
2958:
2946:
2923:
2922:
2847:
2846:
2744:
2743:
2605:
2604:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2529:RWAAI | Projects
2501:
2489:
2479:
2462:
2451:
2439:
2403:
2401:
2394:
2382:
2363:
2362:
2330:
2324:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2236:
2230:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2200:
2189:
2188:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2078:澜沧拉祜族自治县东回镇东岗村细允
2072:
2066:
2065:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1602:
1598:
1527:in 1933, the Wa
1507:and its script.
1474:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1427:
1420:
1409:
1400:
1393:
1382:
1372:
1359:
1350:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1156:
1151:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1008:
994:
985:
971:
964:
957:
943:
936:
929:
895:
891:
842:Mae Sai District
823:Tengchong County
796:
790:
782:
776:
770:
762:
754:
750:
738:
732:
726:
725:va¹¹sə⁵⁵să⁵⁵na⁵³
720:
714:
708:
702:
643:
562:
489:
253:
242:
211:
195: – Awa
194:
187:
180:
171:
142:
96:
26:
25:
7512:
7511:
7507:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7457:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7424:
7404:
7382:
7311:
7255:
7066:
7059:
6985:
6965:(Indo-European)
6950:
6907:
6865:
6754:
6667:
6595:
6562:
6440:
6348:
6347:Other languages
6329:
6278:
6209:Central Tibetan
6180:
6054:
5988:
5835:
5717:
5520:
5472:
5420:
5409:
5385:
5369:
5276:
5217:
5201:
5196:
5166:
5161:
5141:
5113:
5064:
5022:
5004:
4971:
4898:
4842:
4796:
4739:
4691:
4673:
4654:
4609:
4582:
4551:
4475:
4455:
4392:
4354:
4316:
4256:state or region
4253:
4247:
4231:
4210:
4205:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4144:
4118:Proto-Palaungic
4101:
4094:
4017:
3993:
3958:
3917:
3840:
3814:
3786:
3748:
3722:
3701:
3655:
3634:
3566:
3529:
3499:
3478:
3445:
3407:
3357:
3323:
3307:
3263:
3248:
3226:
3205:
3176:
3170:
3144:
3123:
3074:
3058:
3037:
3011:
2978:
2952:
2940:
2908:
2887:
2866:
2832:
2811:
2765:
2735:
2679:
2594:
2589:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2477:10.15144/PL-531
2399:
2392:
2372:
2370:Further reading
2367:
2366:
2331:
2327:
2318:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2209:
2201:
2192:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2116:
2112:
2101:
2094:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2018:
2015:
2004:
2001:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1969:
1563:Cyrillic script
1489:
1028:
893:Vowel phonemes
890:
879:
856:Chiang Rai City
835:
716:("Raw Va" 生佤),
660:Cangyuan County
654:Zhenkang County
627:Menglian County
601:Menglian County
556:2. Awa (Ava) 阿佤
532:Cangyuan County
500:Cangyuan County
488:pa̠rauk,pa̠ɣaɯk
438:Menglian County
432:Cangyuan County
408:Cangyuan County
404:
377:
358:Cangyuan County
331:Gerard Diffloth
328:
255:
254:
245:
207:
190:
189:
188: – Vo
183:
182:
176:
175:
167:
149:
143:
138:
132:
107:Khasi–Palaungic
97:
94:Language family
92:
83:
82:Native speakers
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7510:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7435:HK = Hong Kong
7433:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7422:
7415:
7414:
7413:
7412:
7411:
7406:Hong Kong Sign
7399:
7390:
7388:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7319:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7263:
7261:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7174:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7114:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7071:
7069:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6981:(Austronesian)
6975:
6973:(Austronesian)
6967:
6958:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6917:
6915:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6879:
6877:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6762:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6686:
6684:
6675:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6609:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6572:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6459:
6457:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6362:
6360:
6350:
6349:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6190:
6188:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6151:Southern Qiang
6148:
6146:Northern Qiang
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5845:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5727:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
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5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5539:
5537:
5528:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5432:
5423:
5411:
5410:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
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5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5223:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5195:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5172:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5153:
5151:
5150:Sign languages
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5074:
5073:Non-Indigenous
5070:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5036:
5034:
5028:
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5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5014:
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5006:
5005:
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4997:
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4987:
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4973:
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4970:
4969:
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4959:
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4908:
4906:
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4779:
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4707:
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4683:
4681:
4675:
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4664:
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4608:
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4400:
4394:
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4380:
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4299:
4294:
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4189:
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4135:
4128:
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4096:
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4084:
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4067:
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4045:
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4027:
4023:
4022:
4019:
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3999:
3995:
3994:
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3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
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3359:
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3344:
3342:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
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3241:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3125:
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3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3086:
3080:
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3076:
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3073:
3072:
3066:
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3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
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3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
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2966:
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2964:
2959:
2947:
2929:
2927:
2920:
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2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
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2888:
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2874:
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2868:
2867:
2865:
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2853:
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2596:
2595:
2588:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2507:External links
2505:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2463:
2452:
2443:
2440:
2407:
2404:
2402:on 2018-05-17.
2383:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2345:(3): 880–894.
2325:
2312:
2294:
2276:
2258:
2251:
2231:
2217:
2190:
2168:
2147:
2138:中国孟高棉语族语言与南亚语系
2125:
2110:
2092:
2089:on 2017-12-22.
2067:
2045:
2033:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
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1924:
1922:
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1394:
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1360:
1353:
1347:
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1340:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1315:
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1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1027:
1024:
1010:
1009:
1002:
996:
995:
988:
986:
979:
973:
972:
965:
958:
951:
945:
944:
937:
930:
923:
917:
916:
913:
909:
908:
903:
898:
889:
886:
878:
875:
874:
873:
864:
858:
849:
834:
831:
800:
799:
785:
765:
757:
696:
695:
692:Lancang County
683:
680:
677:
666:
665:
664:
663:
657:
651:
634:
633:
632:
631:
630:
624:
621:Lancang County
612:
611:
610:
604:
592:
591:
590:
578:
577:
576:
553:
552:
551:
550:
549:
537:
536:
535:
523:
522:
521:
518:Lancang County
515:
509:
503:
483:1. Baraoke 巴饶克
465:
464:
462:Lancang County
459:
454:
449:
435:
434:(71% of total)
429:
428:(83% of total)
403:
400:
376:
373:
327:
324:
268:spoken by the
257:
256:
244:
243:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
205:
197:
196:
172:
164:
163:
162:Language codes
159:
158:
144:
140:Writing system
137:
134:
133:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
100:
98:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
50:
46:
45:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7509:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7462:
7446:
7444:XJ = Xinjiang
7443:
7440:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7427:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7396:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7207:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7130:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7119:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6979:
6976:
6971:
6968:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6947:
6946:Western Yugur
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6910:
6904:
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6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
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6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
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6834:
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6827:
6824:
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6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6757:
6751:
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6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
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6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6628:Eastern Yugur
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6602:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6548:Small Flowery
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6358:Austroasiatic
6355:
6351:
6344:
6340:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5720:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5181:
5179:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4861:Austroasiatic
4858:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4202:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4125:Proto-Khmeric
4122:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4097:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:Chaura-Teresa
3768:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3245:
3244:Western Chong
3242:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3191:Central Chong
3189:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2499:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2321:Wa Dictionary
2316:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2290:
2289:humancomp.org
2286:
2280:
2272:
2271:humancomp.org
2268:
2262:
2254:
2252:9783110261523
2248:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2083:ynszxc.gov.cn
2080:
2071:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:New Testament
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:Shan language
1502:
1493:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1023:
1007:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
989:
987:
984:
980:
978:
975:
974:
970:
966:
963:
959:
956:
952:
950:
947:
946:
942:
938:
935:
931:
928:
924:
922:
919:
918:
914:
910:
907:
902:
899:
896:
885:
882:
872:
868:
865:
862:
859:
857:
853:
850:
847:
843:
840:
839:
838:
830:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
812:Mengla County
809:
806:补角 (autonym:
805:
797:
791:
789:xa³¹va⁵³lɒi⁵³
786:
783:
777:
771:
766:
763:
758:
755:
746:
745:
744:
741:
739:
737:xa³¹va⁵³lɒi⁵³
733:
727:
721:
719:va¹¹ʔău⁵⁵ho⁵⁵
715:
709:
703:
693:
689:
688:Ximeng County
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:Ximeng County
671:
670:
669:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
648:Yongde County
646:
645:
644:
638:
635:
628:
625:
622:
619:
618:
616:
613:
608:
607:Ximeng County
605:
602:
599:
598:
596:
595:Damangnuo 大芒糯
593:
588:
587:Ximeng County
585:
584:
582:
579:
574:
573:Ximeng County
571:
570:
568:
565:
564:
563:
557:
554:
547:
546:Gengma County
544:
543:
541:
538:
533:
530:
529:
527:
524:
519:
516:
513:
512:Gengma County
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
484:
481:
480:
479:
476:
474:
470:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
452:Gengma County
450:
447:
443:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
426:Ximeng County
424:
423:
422:
420:
415:
413:
409:
399:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
372:
370:
369:Ximeng County
366:
365:Ximeng County
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
339:Mekong Rivers
336:
332:
323:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
252:
249:
241:
236:
233:
230:
226:
223:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
204:
203:
198:
193:
186:
179:
173:
170:
165:
160:
157:
153:
148:
145:
141:
135:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:Austroasiatic
99:
95:
89:
85:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
7432:GX = Guangxi
7420:
7418:Tibetan Sign
7408:
7394:Chinese Sign
7260:Creole/Mixed
7129:Southeastern
7117:Southwestern
7080:Northeastern
7065:Varieties of
6435:
4904:Sino-Tibetan
4893:
4762:Khiamniungan
4494:Sino-Tibetan
4153:
4137:
4132:Proto-Aslian
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4009:
3936:
3430:
3119:Phong-Kniang
2547:Kaipuleohone
2467:
2457:
2447:
2422:(1): 29–60.
2419:
2415:
2397:the original
2388:
2378:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2320:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2241:
2234:
2211:
2204:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2162:云南民族识别综合调查报告
2141:
2134:
2128:
2113:
2087:the original
2082:
2070:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2036:
2023:
2009:
1995:
1987:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1555:romanization
1549:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1521:Latin script
1498:
1237:prenasalized
1013:
883:
880:
836:
826:
818:
816:
807:
803:
801:
793:
787:
779:
773:
767:
759:
747:
742:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
697:
667:
640:
636:
614:
594:
580:
566:
559:
555:
539:
525:
493:
486:
482:
477:
466:
416:
405:
385:
378:
362:
360:is located.
343:
329:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
285:
281:
261:
260:
200:
147:Latin script
121:
42:
38:
34:
6926:Fuyu Kyrgyz
6725:Tai Hongjin
6411:Muak Sa-aak
5032:Tanintharyi
4808:Akyaung Ari
4650:S’gaw Karen
4471:Anu-Hkongso
4139:Proto-Munda
2953: [
2941: [
2487:1885/146152
2205:Wǎyǔ yánjiū
1557:, known as
1378:Approximant
264:(Va) is an
156:Shan script
7461:Categories
7447:XZ = Tibet
7438:MC = Macau
7378:Zhangzhung
7122:Sichuanese
7049:Vietnamese
6446:Hmong-Mien
6325:Waxianghua
6106:Khroskyabs
5394:Indigenous
5282:Prefecture
5257:Portuguese
5109:Vietnamese
5018:Hmong Njua
5010:Hmong–Mien
4927:Geko Karen
4828:Long Phuri
4670:(Taungtha)
4628:Geba Karen
4335:Hakha Chin
3979:Semaq Beri
3963:Semelaic (
3861:(Northern)
3762:Nicobarese
3706:Gutob-Remo
3675:Sora-Gorum
3571:Kherwarian
3042:Phong–Liha
2933:Vietnamese
2926:Viet-Muong
2802:Mel-Khaonh
2025:Ethnologue
2011:Ethnologue
1997:Ethnologue
1979:References
1744:oi, oe, we
1545:Chiang Mai
1026:Consonants
912:unrounded
581:Awalai 阿佤来
526:Banhong 班洪
350:Shan State
282:Ethnologue
174:Variously:
150:Formerly:
7497:Wa people
7358:Tocharian
7292:Qoqmončaq
7244:Cantonese
7198:Shaojiang
7171:Hainanese
7100:Zhongyuan
7095:Jiao-Liao
7029:Esperanto
6931:Ili Turki
6638:Khamnigan
6503:Kiong Nai
6274:Zitsadegu
5252:Mongolian
5242:Cantonese
4720:Mro-Khimi
4623:Bwe Karen
4578:Tai Laing
4275:Kuki-Chin
4164:varieties
4156:indicate
4102:languages
4048:Khmer Khe
3925:(Central)
3873:Cheq Wong
3464:Quảng Lâm
3451:Bit-Khang
3436:Meung Yum
3333:Palaungic
3264:Palaungic
3092:Phay-Pram
2962:in the US
2436:162762127
2359:1354-5078
1973:Wa people
1509:Christian
1464:aspirated
1410:aspirated
1351:aspirated
1319:Fricative
1282:aspirated
1199:aspirated
1152:voiceless
1109:aspirated
1020:/iau,uai/
949:Close-mid
877:Phonology
713:va¹¹dip⁵⁵
540:Dazhai 大寨
419:Wa people
270:Wa people
202:Glottolog
169:ISO 639-3
112:Palaungic
71:Ethnicity
7302:Tangwang
7282:Macanese
7277:Lingling
7210:Northern
7193:Northern
7156:Southern
7075:Mandarin
7002:Minority
6962:Sarikoli
6875:Tungusic
6836:Naxi Yao
6781:Cao Miao
6705:Ningming
6605:Mongolic
6581:Dzao Min
6576:Biao Min
6533:Qo Xiong
6528:Pingtang
6224:Dongwang
6166:Tshobdun
6091:Guiqiong
5693:Sangkong
5468:Muangphe
5430:Mondzish
5384:numerous
5375:Counties
5222:Regional
5206:Official
5132:Japanese
5000:Tai Nuea
4838:Tangkhul
4730:Rohingya
4446:Thaiphum
4398:Southern
4378:Senthang
4284:Northern
4070:Nyah Kur
3974:Mah Meri
3965:Southern
3819:Southern
3800:Nancowry
3639:Santalic
3578:Mundaric
3298:Lyngngam
3210:Southern
3109:Ksingmul
2950:in China
2600:Bahnaric
2523:ワ語の発音と表記
2181:云南民族识别研究
1967:See also
1586:Facebook
1578:Pangkham
1574:Wa State
1513:Nebraska
1044:Alveolar
977:Open-mid
915:rounded
833:Thailand
731:xa³¹va⁵³
615:Xiyun 细允
567:Masan 马散
494:Aishi 艾师
392:Mandalay
388:Taunggyi
346:Kengtung
321:Wa State
294:Zhenkang
209:waaa1245
65:Thailand
7373:Xianbei
7368:Tuyuhun
7338:Old Yue
7316:Extinct
7297:Sanqiao
7188:Central
7178:Eastern
7161:Hokkien
7105:Lan-Yin
7085:Beijing
7067:Chinese
7024:Russian
6786:Chadong
6766:Ai-Cham
6735:Tai Nüa
6720:Tai Dón
6715:Tai Dam
6673:Kra-Dai
6643:Monguor
6633:Kangjia
6591:Kim Mun
6586:Iu Mien
6508:Luobohe
6498:Huishui
6478:Guiyang
6455:Hmongic
6416:Palaung
6406:Man Met
6310:Longjia
6259:Ladakhi
6254:Kyirong
6244:Khalong
6229:Drugchu
6186:Tibetic
6156:Shixing
6068:Qiangic
5849:Alingpo
5841:Nisoish
5826:Yangliu
5821:Xuzhang
5751:Laizisi
5746:Kuamasi
5741:Kua-nsi
5723:Lisoish
5703:Tsukong
5643:Laomian
5568:Baihong
5535:Hanoish
5526:Loloish
5511:Lhao Vo
5506:Chashan
5491:Xiandao
5478:Burmish
5421:Burmese
5379:Banners
5335:Tai Nüa
5262:Tibetan
5247:English
5127:English
5104:Russian
5099:Punjabi
5089:Burmese
5060:Tavoyan
4990:Tai Lue
4977:Kra–Dai
4962:Taungyo
4952:Padaung
4889:Tai Loi
4879:Palaung
4772:Leinong
4745:Sagaing
4705:Rakhine
4697:Rakhine
4643:Western
4638:Eastern
4605:Karenni
4573:Palaung
4527:Lhao Vo
4451:Welaung
4436:Songlai
4322:Central
4243:English
4227:English
4222:Burmese
4154:Italics
4089:(Pakan)
4077:Pakanic
4011:Kenaboi
4005:Jah Hut
3984:Semelai
3908:Ten'edn
3836:Shompen
3810:Katchal
3805:Camorta
3792:Central
3782:Teressa
3646:Santali
3630:Agariya
3620:Majhwar
3610:Mundari
3525:Tai Loi
3388:Man Met
3370:Angkuic
3348:Palaung
3303:Maharam
3184:Central
3177:(Chong)
3175:Western
3033:Thavưng
2761:Tampuan
2756:Tariang
2740:Central
2716:Nyaheun
1835:eei, ui
1590:karaoke
1059:Glottal
1049:Palatal
852:Mae Yao
810:仆嘎) in
753:pa̠ɣaɯk
749:pa̠rauk
637:3. Wa 佤
469:Kunming
335:Salween
274:Myanmar
61:Myanmar
7353:Tangut
7343:Rouran
7333:Khitan
7323:Ba–Shu
7287:Maojia
7272:Hezhou
7183:Puxian
7166:Teoswa
7051:(Kinh)
7019:Kyrgyz
7014:Korean
7009:Kazakh
6913:Turkic
6898:Oroqen
6888:Manchu
6883:Evenki
6851:Qabiao
6841:Ong Be
6826:Maonan
6816:Lakkja
6806:Jiamao
6776:Buyang
6740:Tai Ya
6730:Tai Lü
6690:Bouyei
6682:Zhuang
6663:Torgut
6618:Buryat
6568:Mienic
6558:Younuo
6538:Raojia
6518:Pa-Hng
6513:Mashan
6483:Hm Nai
6468:Bu-Nao
6463:A-Hmao
6386:Bumang
6305:Jingpo
6300:Derung
6295:Caijia
6269:Zhongu
6239:Gserpa
6131:Namuyi
6101:Japhug
6050:Zauzou
6025:Namuyi
6010:Kucong
5984:Zokhuo
5979:Thopho
5959:Phupha
5944:Phukha
5889:Khlula
5831:Zibusi
5816:Toloza
5811:Sonaga
5796:Mangdi
5791:Lolopo
5736:Hlersu
5673:Phana’
5668:Nuomei
5648:Laopin
5583:Bukong
5558:Angluo
5486:Achang
5463:Mondzi
5365:Zhuang
5340:Tai Lü
5330:Kazakh
5325:Kyrgyz
5310:Korean
5300:Bouyei
5272:Zhuang
5267:Uyghur
5137:Korean
5050:Moklen
4823:Makury
4792:Tangsa
4777:Makyam
4767:Konyak
4710:Chakma
4668:Rungtu
4660:Magway
4563:Khamti
4542:Rawang
4517:Jingpo
4502:Achang
4485:Kachin
4426:Nga La
4383:Zotung
4360:Maraic
4307:Thadou
4100:Proto-
4026:Others
3998:Others
3954:Temiar
3949:Semnam
3923:Senoic
3903:Mintil
3898:Minriq
3893:Kintaq
3888:Kensiu
3859:Jahaic
3850:Aslian
3777:Chaura
3744:Kharia
3727:Others
3600:Birhor
3595:Birjia
3508:Others
3474:Bumang
3441:Savaiq
3312:Others
3273:Khasic
3262:Khasi–
3238:Somray
3231:Others
3222:Sa'och
3201:Kasong
3154:Pearic
3140:Mlabri
3128:Others
3084:Khmuic
3063:Others
3023:Maleng
2918:Vietic
2892:Others
2883:Phuong
2842:Katuic
2829:(East)
2820:Others
2792:Raʼong
2787:Stieng
2721:Sapuan
2660:Rengao
2655:Bahnar
2650:Sedang
2645:Todrah
2625:Kayong
2620:Halang
2494:
2434:
2357:
2249:
2058:佤语方言硏究
1992:Parauk
1958:ua, wa
1867:ui, wi
1840:au, ao
1552:pinyin
1487:Script
1244:voiced
1039:Labial
888:Vowels
804:Bujiao
781:rɤviaʔ
778:(阿卫),
473:Yunnan
412:Yunnan
396:Yangon
286:Parauk
248:UNESCO
232:Phalok
228:
49:Region
7363:Tuoba
7307:Wutun
7222:Xiang
7215:Auish
7141:Hakka
7090:Ji-Lu
7055:Wakhi
7044:Uzbek
7039:Tuvan
7034:Tatar
6955:Other
6941:Salar
6893:Nanai
6831:Mulam
6796:Gelao
6759:Other
6658:Santa
6653:Ordos
6648:Oirat
6613:Bonan
6553:Xixiu
6523:Pa Na
6488:Hmong
6473:Gejia
6421:Riang
6381:Bugan
6376:Bolyu
6371:Blang
6320:Tujia
6283:Other
6264:Tseku
6249:Khams
6234:Groma
6214:Choni
6204:Basum
6199:Baima
6176:Zhaba
6096:Horpa
6081:Choyo
6076:Baima
6045:Sanie
6020:Naruo
6005:Katso
6000:Gokhy
5993:Other
5969:Samei
5964:Phuza
5954:Phupa
5949:Phuma
5939:Phowa
5934:Phola
5929:Phala
5924:Nuosu
5879:Bokha
5854:Alugu
5801:Micha
5713:Yiche
5698:Suobi
5663:Nuobi
5633:Kaduo
5628:Kabie
5608:Habei
5598:Duota
5593:Duoni
5588:Cosao
5516:Zaiwa
5501:Lashi
5453:Mango
5448:Manga
5443:Maang
5438:Kathu
5419:Lolo-
5345:Zaiwa
5315:Qiang
5305:Tujia
5290:Hmong
5094:Hindi
5055:S’gaw
5045:Moken
5040:Malay
4937:Lahta
4932:Intha
4884:Riang
4874:Danau
4869:Blang
4801:Other
4782:Ponyo
4715:Laitu
4615:Kayin
4600:Kayaw
4592:Kayah
4556:Other
4547:Zaiwa
4522:Lashi
4507:Drung
4464:Other
4441:Sumtu
4421:Kʼchò
4416:Khumi
4411:Kaang
4388:Zyphe
4368:Lautu
4345:Ngawn
4302:Tedim
4297:Siyin
4292:Falam
4087:Bugan
4082:Bolyu
4060:Monic
4033:Khmer
3989:Temoq
3944:Semai
3938:Sabüm
3932:Lanoh
3913:Wila'
3883:Jedek
3878:Jahai
3868:Batek
3739:Juang
3718:Gutob
3713:Bonda
3697:Lodhi
3692:Juray
3682:Gorum
3668:South
3585:Korwa
3562:Korku
3551:North
3543:Munda
3520:Danau
3495:Kiorr
3490:Lamet
3483:Lamet
3469:Kháng
3421:Blang
3353:Riang
3288:Khasi
3196:Samre
3049:Phong
2974:Nguồn
2969:Mường
2957:]
2945:]
2904:Ta'Oi
2899:Pacoh
2807:Thmon
2797:Mnong
2777:Chrau
2770:South
2701:Laven
2675:Katua
2640:Monom
2635:Takua
2630:Kacoʼ
2608:North
2432:S2CID
2400:(PDF)
2393:(PDF)
2210:[
2183:[
2140:[
2060:[
1921:vh, f
1525:hymns
1442:plain
1437:Trill
1383:plain
1324:plain
1157:plain
1071:plain
1066:Nasal
1054:Velar
921:Close
901:Front
775:ʔavɤʔ
772:(斡),
561:ʔavɤʔ
402:China
381:Burma
375:Burma
354:Burma
278:China
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6970:Tsat
6921:Äynu
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2670:Duan
2492:ISBN
2355:ISSN
2247:ISBN
2208:佤语研究
1147:Stop
1000:Open
906:Back
829:佤妈.
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817:The
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