Battle of Wake Island

2996:. Earlier, the garrison received news that Imperial Japan's defeat was imminent, so the mass grave was quickly exhumed and the bones were moved to the U.S. cemetery that had been established on Peacock Point after the invasion, with wooden crosses erected in preparation for the expected arrival of U.S. forces. During the initial interrogations, the Japanese claimed that the remaining 98 Americans on the island were mostly killed by an American bombing raid, though some escaped and fought to the death after being cornered on the beach at the north end of Wake Island. Several Japanese officers in American custody committed suicide over the incident, leaving written statements that incriminated Sakaibara. Sakaibara and his subordinate, Lt. Cmdr. Tachibana, were later sentenced to death after conviction for this and other war crimes. Sakaibara was executed by hanging in Guam on June 19, 1947, while Tachibana's sentence was commuted to life in prison. The remains of the murdered civilians were 3161: 961: 1871: 1424: 792:

Japanese capture of the atoll. In addition, there were several air battles above and around Wake and an encounter between two naval vessels. The U.S. lost control of the island and 12 fighter aircraft; in addition to the garrison being taken as prisoners of war, nearly 1200 civilian contractors were also captured by the Japanese. The Japanese lost about two dozen aircraft of different types, four surface vessels, and two submarines as part of the operation, in addition to at least 600 armed forces. It is typically noted that 98 civilian POWs captured in this battle were used for slave labor and then executed on Wake Island in October 1943. The other POWs were deported and sent to prisoner of war camps in Asia, with five executed on the sea voyage.

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authority of Toshio Saito, and the ship was noted as a "hell ship" for the POWs. Saito encouraged cruel treatment, and the POWs were given too little food and water in unsanitary conditions in the ship's holds, and were systematically beaten and tormented. On 17 January the ship arrived in Japan, where the POWs were displayed to the Japanese press. On 20 January 1942, it went on a voyage to the prisoner of war camp in Japanese occupied China. Admiral Kajioka had refused a request by an officer to execute some of the POWs, but this officer persisted and went to Saito directly to execute some of them on the voyage. On 22 January 1941, Saito carried out the execution of the Wake POWs.

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very exciting for the military and civilians on the island, especially those hoping for an evacuation; indeed, the PBY carried secret orders to begin the evacuation of civilians. The orders for the Wake commander were to prepare most of the contractors for evacuation and also to let him know what equipment was going to be supplied by the relief mission, such as a radar, ammunition, and additional personnel. This also allowed the Wake Island staff to provide a detailed account and paperwork for the battle that had been occurring. The PBY was refueled and took off the next morning of December 21, 1941, with one additional passenger.

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retreated to a final line northeast of the airfield. "Unfortunately, Commander Cunningham had received notification of the recall of an American relief expedition that had been dispatched by the Pacific Fleet. With communications disrupted by SNLF men cutting American field phone lines, Major Devereux assumed that most of his strongpoints on Wake’s south shore had been overrun. Cunningham reluctantly issued orders to surrender, and Devereux bravely headed toward the sounds of the fighting to make sure they were obeyed."

2777: 1530: 2320: 925: 1509: 1043: 2950: 3185: 2886: 5689: 6192: 1891: 52: 1656:, to support the assault. The second Japanese invasion force came on 23 December, composed mostly of the ships from the first attempt plus 1,500 Japanese marines. The landings began at 02:35; after a preliminary bombardment, the Japanese landed at different points on the atoll. They were immediately faced with resistance by a "3" inch gun manned by Lieutenant Robert Hanna. His gun destroyed the ex-destroyers 3130: 1204: 3017: 1133:. The remaining four F4F Wildcats were in the air patrolling, but because of poor visibility, failed to see the attacking Japanese bombers. These Wildcats shot down two bombers on the following day. All of the Marine garrison's defensive emplacements were left intact by the first raid, which primarily targeted the aircraft. Of the 55 Marine aviation personnel, 23 were killed and 11 were wounded. 1841:, then Japan, to work in a coal mine. Finally, the war ended, and they were taken to a camp near Tokyo as ordered by the US. One of the last of Wake POWs to die before repatriation was hit by a container of supplies dropped on the camp by aircraft trying to get food and aid to them. From Japan, they were taken to Guam for processing, medically recovering, and then return home. 1356:

assault, Cunningham had been working with Pearl to try to get the civilians away, but of course Pearl Harbor had lost so many ships in the Pearl Harbor attack that there were fewer resources available for a relief mission. Because of the concern over radio jamming, Wake was able to send up four serviceable F4F Wildcats on patrol before the invasion fleet arrived.

1476:. After the raid, a F4F Wildcat was launched to try to follow the carrier planes back to their base, and the Wake commander also notified Pearl of the attack. There was an additional air raid later that day, with 33 G3M2 Nells striking Wake, and this killed a platoon sergeant and wounded several others; these came from the Japanese base on 2872:("Southern Bird Island" aka Marcus Island). It was a remote island to the northwest of Wake, with a small Japanese military base that was bombed but not landed upon. However, unlike Wake, Marcus (Minami Tori Shima) island had a working submarine port, which enabled it to be supplied by submarines even late in the war. (see also 2842:

and claiming four kills. In July 1943, a B-24 strike target the few depot losing another B-24 when intercepted by 20-30 Zero's. The last raid from Midway was in July 1943. The next large strike was combination of naval bombardment and carrier strike aircraft in the fateful October 1943 raids. In 1944, Wake was bombed by

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the way back to San Francisco. Midway was also attacked that day along with Wake and Pearl; it was shelled by two Japanese destroyers that withdrew after being hit by Midway's shore batteries. However, the attack destroyed a PBY Catalina and there was several casualties, along with damage to the facilities there.

2976:. One of the prisoners (whose name has never been discovered) escaped, apparently returning to the site to carve the message "98 US PW 5-10-43" on a large coral rock near where the victims had been hastily buried in a mass grave. The unknown American was recaptured, and Sakaibara personally beheaded him with a 846:, USMC with a force of 450 officers and men. Despite the relatively small size of the atoll, the Marines could not man all their defensive positions nor did they arrive with all their equipment, notably their air search radar units. The Marine Detachment was supplemented by Marine Corps Fighter Squadron 2846:

operating from Midway to stop Wake from supporting the battle for the Marshall Islands. Once the Kwajalein was taken, Wake was attacked from the newly won base with B-24 raids. This continued until October 1944, thereafter Wake was only bombed a few more times by carrier strike groups usually heading

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Marines landed on Wake Island. They had advanced quite inland, until they were met with a strong US counterattack led by Captain Platt, which inflicted heavy casualties on the Japanese and forced them to retreat back to their landing area. After heavy fighting, the U.S. Marines guarding the airfield

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Later in the day, the Japanese conducted an air raid of 17 G3M2 "Nell" bombers, of which, between the defending F4F Wildcats and anti-aircraft, they claimed 2 shot down and 11 damaged. The invasion fleet returned to the Japense-controlled Marshall Islands, and preparations for the Wake relief mission

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December 7, 1941 was a clear and bright day on Wake Island. Just the previous day, Major Devereux ordered a practice drill for his Marines, which happened to be the first one done because of the great need to focus on the island's defenses. The drill went well enough that Major Devereux commanded the

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The battle started with a surprise bombing raid on December 8, 1941, within hours of Pearl Harbor, and the air raids continued almost every day for the duration of the battle. There were two amphibious assaults, one on December 11, 1941 (which was rebuffed) and another on December 23, that led to the

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in June 1942; however, the war dragged on for several more years as the Japanese had heavily defended islands throughout the Pacific and a large number of vessels. A decision to take an island had to be taken carefully, as the battles could be extraordinarily costly, with many thousands perishing in

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on 26 November 1941. On 8 December, she saw columns of smoke rising over the island but assumed it was caused by construction work being done ashore. That night, when she surfaced to charge her batteries, she was informed by radio Wake that Pearl Harbor had been bombed and was ordered to stay out of

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Two more air raids followed in the following days. The main camp was targeted on 9 December, destroying the civilian hospital and the Pan Am air facility. The next day, enemy bombers focused on outlying Wilkes Island. Following the raid on 9 December, the four antiaircraft guns had been relocated in

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took three take-off attempts to get airborne and then flew to Midway, then Honolulu, and finally San Francisco over three days, and the passengers provided first-hand accounts of the attack. The passengers not only experienced the Wake air raid, but also had seen damage at Midway and Pearl Harbor on

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amphibious flying boat that had survived the attack unscathed save a few bullet holes. The surviving Chamorro workers did not board the plane and were left behind. The aircraft was stripped down to hold as many as possible, and about 40 passengers could fit but they had to sit on the bare floor. The

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trans-Pacific amphibious air service initiated in 1935. The civilian facility was part of a string of seaplane bases that opened the first commercial air route across the Pacific, and other stops were at islands across the Pacific. The flying boats were some of the largest fixed-wing aircraft of the

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From June 1942 to July 1943, there were many B-24 raids and photographic recon missions were launched from Midway to Wake, often resulting in air battles between Zero's and bombers. For example, on 15 May 1943, a raid of 7 B-24s made it Wake to be intercepted by 22 Zero's, with allies losing 1 B-24

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was on the USN's new fleet submarines when it was commissioned in June 1940, and was on a peacetime patrol near Wake Island when war broke out. It was on patrol near Wake until it had an engine failure and had to go back to port. It had to be repaired and did not return service until early 1942. It

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In July 1943, a prisoner of war was executed for stealing food, as ordered by Sakaibara; however, the identity of this POW is unknown. On October 7, 1943, the prisoners of war were executed on order of Sakaibara. They were marched into an anti-tank ditch and executed by machine gun fire. At the end

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on 20 December. He was therefore able to provide an accurate recounting of the actual happenings on Wake Island to the press and people of America, while also providing photos and maps of the island. He was also published in a nationwide magazine about the attack. The only reason Bayler was able to

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On December 22, a carrier air raid from the Hiyru and Soryu consisting of 39 planes arrived. The Wildcats defended, and in the ensuing air battle, both were shot down, with one just making it back to base and the other was not heard from. Interestingly, the Japanese admiral Abe of the carrier group

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The Japanese intercepted radio transmissions from the PBY, which caused them to move the second landing attempt forward one day. On the morning of 21 December, the second and larger invasion fleet departed their base in the Marshalls, and the carrier group accelerated. The carrier group came within

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Type 97 "Mavis" which was shot down by a Wildcat; later in the day, 26 G3M2 "Nell" attacked. Wake defenders shot down one Nell and damaged four, although there was some damage to a building and an AA gun. News of the battle reached the USA mainland, which unfortunately broadcast in new reports that

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six days later. After unloading 20 men there, she departed for China. En route, the Japanese commander of the guard contingent, Lieutenant Toshio Sato, picked five men at random and ordered them topside. There they were ordered to kneel, and he told them in Japanese: "You have killed many Japanese

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who became known as the last Marine to leave Wake Island before its capture. Bayler was withdrawn because he was one of the few Marine Corps officers that had experience establishing air-ground communications networks and had knowledge of the still top-secret US radar program. The PBY Catalina was

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Civil Engineering Company were present on the island for the construction of the military facilities. Most of these men were veterans of previous construction programs for the Boulder Dam, Bonneville Dam, or Grand Coulee Dam projects. Others were men who were in desperate situations and great need

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In early 1944, Wake was largely cut off from resupply because the Allies Pacific campaign had moved past Wake, in particular, the Japanese base to the south in the Marshall Islands that had been resupplying Wake was captured in January 1944. By May 1944 the Japanese forces on Wake began rationing

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Fearing an imminent invasion, the Japanese reinforced Wake Island with more formidable defenses. The American captives were ordered to build a series of bunkers and fortifications on Wake. The Japanese brought in four 8-inch (200 mm) naval guns, which are often incorrectly reported as having

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During this time, there was a US Naval force on the way that was going to resupply Wake on December 24, but it did not work as planned as the Japanese 2nd wave took the island on December 23 before this could take place. American and Japanese dead from the fighting between December 8 and 23

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A Wake resupply mission was under planning but was held back by the availability of ships. Finally, a Navy War planning officer made a breakthrough; they realized that if they converted a seaplane tender (which was available) and the people on Wake took no possessions, they could squeeze everyone

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After an unsuccessful Japanese landing attempt on 11 December, there would be air raids most days by G3M "Nells" and/or flying boats, with the F4F Wildcats and anti-aircraft batteries trying to defend. Meanwhile, back at Pearl Harbor a plan was developed to resupply Wake and evacuate the civilian

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U.S. submarines on patrol near Wake at the start of the battle, and at least six Japanese submarines participated. The Japanese ultimately lost two submarines in the operation, but not as a direct result of enemy action. Two Japanese submarines collided with each other, sinking one, and another

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Meanwhile, back at Pearl, Commander Pye was also impressed by the brave defense, who had gotten the reports from the PBY visit. This increased the Americans resolve to rescue Wake even if it meant risking the Tangier. The idea would be to send the Tangier in with two destroyers to do the relief

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The Pacific war finally drew to a close starting in August 1945, and the Emperor of Japan announced the surrender to the Japanese people and the agreement was formally signed by September 2, 1945. On 4 September 1945, the remaining Japanese garrison surrendered to a detachment of United States

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on January 12, 1942, with 5 of those being executed en route. In late February, there was the first raid on Wake by the US which consisted of a shore bombardment, some air raids on the 23 and 24 of February, and a fight with Japanese patrol boats. Between January and November 45 POWs died from

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In the early morning hours of 11 December the Japanese fleet moved within range and began shelling the island around 6 a.m. The island was already on alert by morning because Cunningham had been informed the Japanese were trying to jam radio communication during the night. Prior to the landing

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Of the 45 Chamorros, five were killed and five wounded in the initial airstrikes on December 8, and the five in the hospital died the next day when the hospital was bombed. The Military commander of Wake asked the surviving Chamorros if they would help defend the island; they agreed and helped

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brought supplies and 500 additional Japanese troops to Wake on 12 January 1942. The POWs were separated; about 20 stayed at the hospital due to injuries; about 367 stayed on Wake due to their construction experience; and over 1230 were put on the ship. The prisoners on the ship were under the

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s task force was delayed by the necessity to refuel its escorting destroyers on 21 December, before reaching the island. This process was prolonged by heavy weather, although the task force could still reach Wake by 24 December as scheduled. After receiving reports of heavy Japanese carrier

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was allowed to visit Wake Island, and it departed with 974 patients. It was boarded and checked both before and after the visit to confirm it was not carrying contraband, and the number of patients was confirmed; 974 Japanese were taken off Wake. On the way to Wake, it was stopped by the

1801:). Many of those that stayed were those that were too badly wounded, and some were civilian contractors that knew how to operate the machinery on the island. One source for the prisoner of war experience on Wake were the accounts in the commanding officer logs for Wilcox and Russel. The 2379:

bearings. She heard a dull explosion 58 seconds later and believed one had hit the target, then went to 175 feet (53 m) and cleared the area. (No sinking was recorded, and she was not credited with one.) After their initial repulse on 11 December, the Japanese returned with two

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had left and was on its way to Guam with passengers, when it received a radio message about the attack on Pearl Harbor, and was told to return to Wake. It returned only to be caught in the Japanese surprise bombing raid which killed 9 employees and destroyed many of the buildings.

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of the war, the Japanese garrison surrendered and said the POWs had been killed in a bombing attack; however, that story broke down when some of the officers wrote notes explaining the true story, and Sakaibara confessed to the mass execution. (For further information, see the

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food, and the rationing became progressively more strict. Fishing, growing vegetables, bird eggs, and rats were important food supplies at this time, and sometimes tens of thousands of rats were eaten to stave off starvation. Their main resupply base was taken in the Allied

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case the Japanese had photographed the positions. Wooden replicas were erected in their place, and the Japanese bombers attacked the decoy positions. A lucky strike on a civilian dynamite supply set off a chain reaction and destroyed the munitions for the guns on Wilkes.

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Ro-60, a Japanese submarine that had participated in the battle but was damaged by an air attack and could no longer submerge, crashed on a reef going back to base on December 29, 1941. All 66 crew members were rescued, but the submarine had to be abandoned there.

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After the initial raid was fought off, American news media reported that, when queried about reinforcement and resupply, Commander Cunningham was reported to have quipped, "Send us more Japs!" In fact, Cunningham sent a long list of critical equipment—including

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ordered the beheading of an American civilian worker who was caught stealing. He and 97 others had initially been kept to perform forced labor. Fearing an invasion, Sakaibara ordered all of them killed. They were taken to the northern end of the island,

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by 1943. It was captured by Japanese forces in January 1942 and turned into a large sea and air base. In addition, they had bases to the south in the Marshall Islands and also west of Wake in Micronesia. The allies had a surprising victory in the

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While the Japanese gathered reinforcements for a second and larger invasion of the island, Submarine Squadron 7 sent orders to all three submarines of Submarine Division 27 on 12 December 1941 directing them to return to Kwajalein. Accordingly,

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including Wilcox and Russel; not including those that had died or been executed, that left 98 on the island. In addition, between January and November 1942, there were 45 deaths. This included some that were quite old, including a WW1 veteran.

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becoming the first Japanese surface warship to be sunk in the war. The Japanese recorded 407 casualties during the first attempt. The Japanese force withdrew without landing, suffering their first setback of the war against the Americans.

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fighters, along with three complete sets of Fire Control equipment for the 3-inch AA batteries already on the island, plus tools and spares; spare parts for the 5-inch coast defense guns and replacement fire control gear; 9,000 5-inch

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soldiers in battle. For what you have done you are now going to be killed ... as representatives of American soldiers." The Japanese then beheaded them. The bodies were used for bayonet practice and then thrown overboard.

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been captured in Singapore. The U.S. Navy established a submarine blockade instead of an amphibious invasion of Wake Island. As a result, the Japanese garrison starved, which is thought to have led to their hunting the

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at a distance of 4,000 yd (3,700 m) with at least two direct hits to her magazines, causing her to explode and sink within two minutes, in full view of the defenders on shore. Battery A claimed to have hit

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At the end of the battle on December 23, 1,603 people, of whom 1,150 were civilians, were taken prisoner. Three weeks later, all but roughly 350-360 were taken to Japanese prisoner of war camps in Asia aboard the

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After Japanese ships were spotted Commander Cunningham ordered that the guns hold fire until they got into closer range. The US Marines began firing at the invasion fleet with their six 5-inch (127 mm)

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On Monday, December 8, 1941, the day started normally enough, with a China Clipper continuing its way to Guam. But then, radio word of an attack on Pearl Harbor arrived. Wake was on the other side of the

2335:. Prior to the battle, a USS Triton crew member became sick and was dropped off at Wake Island on December 1, 1941. He became a prisoner of war at the conclusion of the battle and survived WWII. 5677: 4453: 1183:

operating south of Wake, fired 4 torpedoes at what is thought to be Japanese destroyer in the landing invasion fleet destroyer picket line that was going to arrive at Wake that morning of the 11th.

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from 30 August to 15 September, then participated in local and fleet operations in the Hawaiian area. On 19 November, the submarine headed west to conduct a practice war patrol and arrived off

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went deep and began evasive action. When the Japanese ship slowed astern, the submarine came to 120 feet (37 m) and fired four stern torpedoes—the first American torpedoes shot during

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mission. Further out to sea the two carrier groups would support the operation. However, it was a race against time, as the Japanese fleet would arrive the morning of the 23 December 1941.

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from receiving the orders despite three attempts by Submarine Squadron 7 to contact her. Consequently, she continued to patrol off Wake Island as the submarines of Submarine Division 26 —

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In September 1942, 265 were shipped away, this left 98 POWs on the island, which were executed in October 1943. Sakaibara arrived by aircraft to command Wake starting in December 1942.

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continued in Hawaii. During the battle, one Wildcat had been hit by fire, which, although landing safely, rendered it unserviceable. This left three Wildcats available for air patrols.

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were stored, although some also suggest the bomb hitting elsewhere and an explosion amidships. Two destroyers were thus lost with nearly all hands (there was only one survivor, from

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leave Wake Island was because he was a radio technician, and thus his services and abilities were greatly needed elsewhere. Therefore, he left in the only plane that was available.

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Japanese losses were 144 casualties, 140 SNLF and Army casualties with another 4 aboard ships. At least 28 land-based and carrier aircraft were also either shot down or damaged.

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for money. The construction plans included an airfield, a seaplane base, a submarine base, and a channel cut through Wilkes Island for submarines to be able to reach the lagoon.

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At 21:00 on 22 December, after receiving information indicating the presence of two IJN carriers and two fast battleships (which were actually heavy cruisers) near Wake Island,

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the garrison on Wake island was "very small"; on Wake they could hear this broadcast, which was a bit disconcerting that their size was revealed, and there was no resupply yet.

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Because it was earlier in WW2, many of the ships involved in the Battle for Wake did not survive through the war; on the Japanese side, only the Japanese seaplane tender

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The US Marines lost 49 killed, two missing, and 49 wounded during the 15-day siege, while three US Navy personnel and at least 70 US civilians were killed, including 10

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was not informed, and made no attacks on them. Neither did she make any effort to evacuate people from Wake. On 21 December, the submarine was ordered to return to

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A Martin M130 Clipper, a 4-engined flying boat Pan-American used on commercial routes across the Pacific. Wake island was one of their stopovers on the way to Guam.

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The Japanese used the POWs to build over 200 coral and concrete bunkers, pillboxes, revetments, and other fortifications such as coral revetments for aircraft.

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After the American surrender of Wake on 23 December, the military and civilian POWs were processed by the Japanese. All but about 350-360 were sent away on the

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crashed into a reef trying to get back to base after the battle. One US submarine engaged one Japanese vessel to no effect the night of 10 December. (See also

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day, and the tickets were very expensive but did allow a much faster trip to Asia and Australia. A couple dozen or so Pan-American employees, plus forty-five

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fortify the island. They were taken POW, with 33 surviving the war, and in 1982 they were granted veteran status for their contributions during the battle.

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on 25 December 1941. The ship arrived at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on 29 December 1941 and Fletcher was replaced as commander of Task Force 14 by Rear Admiral

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was on the surface 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) southwest of Wake at around 16:00 local time on 21 December 1941 when a U.S. Marine Corps

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with only 449 Marines on hand for the battles at Wake Island because one officer , USMC had been ordered to leave on 20 December with official reports.

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Early on the morning of 11 December, the garrison, with the support of the four remaining Wildcats, repelled the first Japanese landing attempt by the

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attacked the Japanese garrison on Wake Island. U.S. forces bombed the island periodically from 1942 until Japan's surrender in 1945. On 24 July 1943,

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formed by Wake Island and its minor islets of Peale and Wilkes Islands by the air, land, and naval forces of the Japanese Empire against those of the

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Honolulu, Mailing Address: National Park Service Pearl Harbor National Memorial 1 Arizona Memorial Place; Us, HI 96818 Phone: 808 422-3399 Contact.

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decided that she no longer could dive safely. The Battle of Wake Island ended as Wake Island fell to the Japanese on 23 December 1941, and that day

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various causes. On May 10, 1942, one POW was executed. On May 11, 1942, 20 more POW, including the last military POW were shipped to China on the

5107: 2025:). The convoy carried the 4th Marine Defense Battalion (Battery F, with four 3-inch AA guns, and Battery B, with two 5-inch/51 guns) and fighter 413: 2311:. Ro-66 was sunk in collision and Ro-60 damaged during the battle, collided with a reef but Jingei was able to rescue all hands before it sunk. 6418: 4035: 3828: 2508:

was on the surface 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) southwest of Wake Island — bearing 252 degrees from the atoll — to recharge her

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men to rest on the Sabbath and take their time relaxing, doing laundry, writing letters, thinking, cleaning, or doing whatever they wished.

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flight deck with Douglas SBD-3 Dauntless and F4F-3 Wildcats in the fall of 1941. Saratoga was en route to Wake when the island was captured

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bombing the island. On the night of 10 December, she surfaced and was charging her batteries when flashes of light from Wake revealed a

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was able to observe the Japanese invasion fleet on 10 December 1941, bombarding Wake and its subsequent withdrawal south; however, the

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had been a Japanese military transport since February 1941. She made a few voyages, including one transferring roughly 1,200 American

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In the aftermath of the battle, once the surrender was completed, most of the captured civilians and military personnel were sent to

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was transferred to a shore command that same day. The task force put to sea on 31 December and patrolled in the vicinity of Midway.

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Relief plans centered on the USS Tangier bringing supplies and enable civilian evacuation;it was a survivor of Pearl Hearbor attack.

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had to return to its home port in Hawaii in mid-December due to mechanical difficulties and did not have any combat engagements.

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Narrative of Captain W.S. Cunningham, U.S. Navy Relative to Events on Wake Island in December 1941 And Subsequent Related Events

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with Ro-60 class subs. Jingei would rescue the crew of Ro-60 when the battle-damaged submarine ran aground heading back to base.

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several times, but her action report makes no mention of any damage. The four Wildcats also succeeded in sinking the destroyer

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In context, there were much larger Japanese military bases in the Pacific, including over 100 thousand troops stationed in

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incurred additional damage and took on such a heavy list that her crew destroyed her secret documents and abandoned ship.

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diving tanks open. At about 13:00, the commander of Submarine Squadron 7 arrived on the scene from Kwajalein aboard his

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and Ro-62 made it to the end of the war. Many of the US vessels played important roles in future battles such as the

1583: 651: 3204:, a 1942 film about this battle, that was started before the battle was over. It was filmed in the USA and not Wake. 936: 6307: 5918: 5888: 5287: 3207: 2751: 1729: 1291: 1272: 589: 5820: 6403: 1613: 1565: 1254: 1235: 2444:

got underway from Kwajalein with the commander of Submarine Squadron 27 embarked to conduct a reconnaissance of

2283:

was sunk in 1943. The F2A-3 Buffalos of VMF-221 would see action in the critical Battle of Midway in June 1942.

1097:, so though just hours away in time from Pearl Harbor, the massive attacks by Japan came on Monday, not Sunday. 6393: 6328: 6128: 5971: 1284: 4346: 3365: 6443: 6323: 5912: 5908: 3394: 2367:

on a parallel course. The submarine was silhouetted against the moon, and the enemy ship turned towards her.

1664:. The Japanese marines bypassed the gun position and attacked the airfield. Meanwhile, a company of Japanese 1320: 681: 544: 482: 472: 4079: 3184: 2632:

got underway from Kwajalein to support a second, heavily reinforced Japanese attempt to invade Wake Island;

5976: 2327:

Prior to and at the start of hostilities, the waters around Wake were patrolled by two USN submarines, the

1665: 1571: 1452:

flying boat arrived on December 20, 1941, with a delivery of mail. When it departed it took one passenger,

5797: 2186:; VF-3 had been reinforced by two additional Wildcats picked up in Hawaii, but one SBD had been forced to 924: 768:

on the morning of 8 December 1941 (7 December in Hawaii), and ended on 23 December, with the surrender of

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and several of her diving tanks. After she resurfaced that night and her crew inspected her damage, her

1029:

One of the tasks of the newly built air base was resupplying B-17 bombers transiting the Pacific Ocean.

6398: 6075: 5986: 5966: 5902: 5835: 3709: 2843: 2613: 2465: 1959:(in this case it was outfitted for transport of cargo and people not Seaplanes), three heavy cruisers ( 1755: 1641: 1260: 1000: 876: 804: 769: 666: 616: 594: 5736: 1318:

converted to patrol boats that were reconfigured in 1941 to launch a landing craft over a stern ramp (

1229: 1223: 430: 5928: 5713: 5239: 2873: 1972: 1743: 1607: 1589: 1449: 839: 706: 696: 529: 447: 5083: 1720:, and led ground troops after no flyable U.S. aircraft remained. A special military decoration, the 1464:

On December 21, 49 aircraft attacked Wake, striking from a Japanese carrier group consisting of the

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The relief mission was bringing a SCR-270 radar, that would have made it easier to detect air raids

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A group of Japanese G3M bombers in 1942, this is the type that bombed Wake (Allied codename "Nell")

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the following day. The ship was assigned to Task Force (TF) 14 under the command of Rear Admiral

2119: 1966: 1929: 1697: 1549: 1513: 1427:

7 December 1941: Photograph taken from a Japanese Navy plane during the Pearl Harbor attack, the

1241: 1094: 1019: 993: 731: 686: 514: 487: 457: 3982:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (All Hands Have Behaved Splendidly)" 3609: 6247: 6217: 6024: 5863: 3039: 2990:, with the handover being officially conducted in a brief ceremony aboard the destroyer escort 2987: 2927:(DD-677) to confirm it was carrying the patients. The condition was recorded first hand by the 2292: 1996: 1978: 1903: 1707: 1545: 1101: 1036: 834:

began construction of a military base on the atoll. On 19 August, the first permanent military

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did not pursue them as this was in Triton's patrol area so it headed north. The submarine USS

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attacked Wake Island, destroying eight of the 12 F4F-3 Wildcats on the ground and sinking the

6176: 5951: 5873: 5828: 5312: 4951: 4614:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Humbled by Sizeable Casualties)" 4555: 4492:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Humbled by Sizeable Casualties)" 4377: 4134: 4009: 3954: 3740:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Humbled by Sizeable Casualties)" 3219: 2958: 2794: 2161: 2149: 2137: 1923: 1637: 1601: 1595: 1152:

Following this attack, the Pan Am employees were evacuated, along with the passengers of the

985: 721: 559: 509: 318: 5721: 2811:, struck the Japanese garrison on Wake Island. At least two men from that raid were awarded 982: 972: 6448: 6271: 6222: 6166: 6055: 6019: 5709: 2964: 2804: 2271:, which would have supported the Wake relief mission, survived the whole war, as would the 2264: 2097: 2091: 2064: 2033: 1984: 1770: 1632: 1326: 1312: 808: 701: 452: 175: 5535:. Osprey Campaign Series. Vol. 144. Illustrated by Peter Dennis. Oxford: Osprey Pub. 1878: 1307: 764:. The assault began simultaneously with the attack on Pearl Harbor naval and air bases in 8: 5868: 4552: 3120: 3061: 2944: 2916: 2643: 2529: 2328: 2256: 2204: 2183: 2131: 2125: 2085: 2026: 2008: 1990: 1960: 1936: 1899: 1736: 1500: 1453: 1406: 989: 851: 621: 549: 227: 5731: 5726: 5365: 4925: 4800: 4188:"Massacre on Wake Island | Naval History Magazine - February 2001 Vol. 15 Number 1" 3898: 3424:"Massacre on Wake Island | Naval History Magazine - February 2001 Vol. 15 Number 1" 1080: 6239: 6181: 6121: 6090: 5793: 5574: 5499: 5343: 5064: 4382:(1st Naval Institute Press pbk. ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. 3201: 2865: 2740: 2666: 2198: 2107: 2073: 1954: 1919: 1740: 1721: 1437: 1154: 1011: 862: 831: 807:

on 4 September 1945, after the earlier surrender on 2 September 1945 on the battleship

519: 3492:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (This Is As Far As We Go)" 3020:

A memorial to the Wake Island defenders stands near the command post of Major Devereux

5787: 5776: 5635: 5614: 5581: 5558: 5536: 5505: 5484: 5478: 5463: 5437: 5318: 5101: 5056: 4515: 4383: 4356: 4252: 4015: 3903:. World War II Commemorative Series. Washington, D.C.: Marine Corps Historical Center 3667: 3546: 3466: 3400: 2816: 2583: 2578:

with the loss of 63 lives, including that of the commander of Submarine Division 27.

2207: 2143: 2113: 2014: 1945: 1361: 1296: 1007: 996: 976: 913: 819: 785: 736: 671: 636: 631: 504: 492: 164: 6197: 5068: 3949:

Conville, Martin (May 23, 1943). "Full Story of Desperate Wake Island Battle Told".

1222:

The Japanese invasion fleet for the 11 December assault included the light cruisers

6292: 6171: 6085: 6065: 6014: 5996: 5934: 5850: 5048: 4244: 4129:

Conville, Martin (23 May 1943). "Full Story of Desperate Wake Island Battle Told".

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in 1945. This was allowed to evacuate nearly a thousand people from Wake in June.

2803:

led by Lieutenant Jesse Stay of the 42nd Squadron (11th Bombardment Group) of the

2776: 1529: 1144: 6009: 6004: 5629: 5263: 4348:

Kinkaid of the Seventh Fleet: A Biography of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, U.S. Navy

3540: 3372: 2869: 2793:, an endemic bird, to extinction. On 24 February 1942, aircraft from the carrier 2682: 2304: 2297: 2195: 2054: 1951: 1902:'s Task Force 14 (TF–14) was tasked with the relief of Wake Island while Admiral 1673: 1619: 1069: 893: 885: 773: 611: 574: 398: 249: 231: 213: 197: 192: 181: 170: 159: 148: 120: 5121: 4138: 3958: 3292: 2830: 1588:), all fresh from the assault on Pearl Harbor; as well as 6th Cruiser Division ( 5550: 5084:"Pacific Battles - Pearl Harbor National Memorial (U.S. National Park Service)" 4228: 3442: 3114: 2982:. The inscription on the rock can still be seen and is a Wake Island landmark. 2757: 2516:

in the predawn darkness of 17 December 1941 when her lookouts suddenly sighted

1711: 1704: 1700: 1516: 1508: 1301: 1105: 880: 858: 843: 803:; the remaining Japanese garrison on the island surrendered to a detachment of 263: 245: 5815: 5171: 4248: 2823:

over Wake Island. After this, Wake was occasionally raided but never attacked

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fire control radar for the 3-inch guns, and a large amount of ammunition for

1907: 1416: 1109: 781: 258: 240: 222: 204: 134: 5405: 4638:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Still No Help)" 3926:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Still No Help)" 3855: 3764:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Still No Help)" 6276: 6156: 5337: 3567:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Introduction)" 3516:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island (Introduction)" 2808: 2605: 2468:

forces defending Wake drove back the initial Japanese assault December 11.

2372: 2343: 2245: 2233: 2158: 1942: 1504:

Diagram of battle lines at the conclusion of battle on Wake at the airfield

1484:

was impressed by the courage of two Marine pilots and made a note of this.

1381: 1137: 1042: 889: 879:

also had facilities on the island, which served as one of the stops on the

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patrolling in the area supporting Japanese forces attempting to seize the

1732:, was created to honor those who had fought in the defense of the island. 186: 6299: 6151: 6137: 5595: 5460:

Fortnight of Infamy: The Collapse of Allied Airpower West of Pearl Harbor

4900: 4874: 4848: 4768: 4733: 4707: 4681: 4202: 2973: 2969: 2617: 2445: 2347: 2179: 2070: 1818: 1688: 1117: 796: 761: 656: 77: 39: 5781: 5770: 5697:

was created from a revision of this article dated 19 June 2016

4036:"Search for closure, accurate account of Wake Island massacre continues" 2279:, which was torpedoed with most of the crew lost in 1945, the submarine 6051:

Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire

5742: 2997: 2949: 2609: 2332: 2101: 2038: 1837:, where they spent several years. In 1945, they were taken by train to 1821:

to Japan in January 1942. The ship departed on 12 January, arriving in

1159: 1126: 2868:. So many small islands or atolls were bypassed, like Wake, including 6338: 5052: 2662: 2360: 2221: 1928:

was tasked with supporting the other two task forces as the Japanese

1838: 1628: 1492:

were buried on the island even before the last stand on 23 December.

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Victory in Defeat: The Wake Island Defenders in Captivity, 1941-1945

4379:

The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway

4011:

The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway

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rescued her three survivors, who had been thrown overboard from her

3800:. Marine Corps Historical Center – via National Park Service. 2991: 2744: 2654: 2020: 1932:

remained in the area of operations, presenting a significant risk.

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The battle left the island filled with WW2 bunkers and landmarks.

2685:

in bad weather in the predawn darkness of 29 December 1941,

2612:. The three submarines were placed on "standby alert" that day as 1436:

into it, even 1500 people. So work to prepare the seaplane tender

6263: 5215:"Memorializing the Wake Island Rail: An Extinction Caused by War" 3107: 3030: 2650: 2364: 2229: 2178:

arrived at Pearl on 15 December 1941, refueled, and departed for

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by the Japanese and tasked with improving the island's defenses.

1023: 324: 51: 5501:

Hell Wouldn't Stop: An Oral History of the Battle of Wake Island

1443: 5851:

Imperial Japanese surprise attacks and battles of December 1941

3129: 2978: 2851: 2513: 2401: 1911: 1834: 765: 6106: 4068:. Division of Public Information – United States Marine Corps. 1849:

In September 1942, another 265 were taken off Wake aboard the

1735:

The only Marine to escape capture or death on Wake Island was

1203: 300:

Reinforcements arriving for Second Attempt (23 December):

3016: 2621: 2461: 2376: 2356: 2275:. However, many ships were sunk, including the heavy cruiser 1415:

The next day, 12 December 1941, began with a bombing raid by

1409: 1003:

heavy, medium, and light water- and air-cooled machine guns.

777: 4982: 4901:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-62: Tabular Record of Movement" 4875:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-61: Tabular Record of Movement" 4849:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-60: Tabular Record of Movement" 4769:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-62: Tabular Record of Movement" 4734:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-61: Tabular Record of Movement" 4708:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-60: Tabular Record of Movement" 4682:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-66: Tabular Record of Movement" 4203:"Sensuikan: IJN Submarine RO-60: Tabular Record of Movement" 4094:"A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island" 2404:, and she arrived back at Pearl Harbor on 31 December 1941. 1544:

The initial resistance offered by the garrison prompted the

795:

The island was held by the Japanese for the duration of the

6252: 4080:"The Battle of Wake Island: Nation's Morale Lifted in 1941" 3210:(another December 1941 attack on nearby US Pacific islands) 3133:

VMA-211 Insignia after the war includes map of Wake island.

3052: 2690: 2502:— arrived in the area to relieve the departing submarines. 1130: 1100:

On 8 December 1941, just hours after receiving word of the

897: 6414:

World War II operations and battles of the Pacific theatre

5732:

A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island

4112:"Japanese execute nearly 100 American POWs on Wake Island" 3900:

A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Defense of Wake Island

3794:

A MAGNIFICENT FIGHT: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island

3216:(December 7, 1941 attacks on nearby US Midway island base) 5434:

A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945

5288:"Manhattan Project: Japan Surrenders, August 10-15, 1945" 4231:

Victory in Defeat: The Wake Island Defenders in Captivity

3396:

Victory in Defeat: The Wake Island Defenders in Captivity

2592:

was with the other submarines of Submarine Division 26 —

1710:

for his actions on the island: he shot down two Japanese

5576:

Given up for dead: America's heroic stand at Wake Island

5122:"Escort Carrier Photo Index: USS MARCUS ISLAND (CVE-77)" 2923:

and on the way back from the Wake it was stopped by USS

2480:

headed back to Kwajalein, but a radio failure prevented

1179:

Late on the night of 10 December 1941 the submarine USS

1014:), as they had yet to switch over to the semi-automatic 5652:. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1612510043, 9781612510040 3878: 3710:"WWII: 45 CHamorus Caught in Wake Invasion - Guampedia" 1918:

as a diversion. A third task force, under Vice Admiral

393:

1,104 civilians interned, of whom 180 died in captivity

5798:"To Hell and Back: Wake During and After World War II" 5601:

Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942

3222:(Japanese invasion of US held Guam 8–10 December 1941) 1190: 5164: 4842: 3342:"War in the Pacific NHP: Liberation - Guam Remembers" 2657:

her and dropping two 100-pound (45.4 kg) bombs.

2203:, carrying reinforcements and supplies, and the slow 1006:

The Marines were still equipped with the bolt-action

5391:"1947: Shigematsu Sakaibara, "I obey with pleasure"" 4971:

Scearce, Phil; "Finish Forty and Home", pp. 113–114.

4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 3686:"1941: December 7: Japanese Attack on Midway Island" 3263: 3261: 3248: 3246: 3244: 2963:

raided Wake. Two days later, Japanese Naval Captain

2620:

threw back the first Japanese attempt to invade the

6429:

Battles of World War II involving the United States

5608: 5138: 5035:Olson, Storrs L.; Rauzon, Mark J. (December 2011). 4952:"Dirk H.R. Spennemann, 8-inch Coastal Defense Guns" 3897:Cressman, Robert J. (1998). Frank, Benis M. (ed.). 1136:Early in the morning of 8 December, a Pan-American 842:deployed to Wake Island under the command of Major 5573: 5366:"Sakaibara Shigematsu | Japanese military officer" 5147:"IJN Submarine HA-104: Tabular Record of Movement" 4194: 4028: 4003: 4001: 3316: 3293:"US ships lost in the Pacific during World War II" 3279:Martin Gilbert, the Second World War (1989) p. 282 1865: 1703:, one of the pilots from VMF-211, was awarded the 428: 5338:Maj. Mark E. Hubbs, U.S. Army Reserve (Retired). 4819: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4751: 4654: 3854:Nevitt, Allyn D.; Tully, Anthony D. (July 2014). 3258: 3241: 1075: 861:, USMC. Also present on the island were 68 6385: 5533:Wake Island 1941: a battle to make the gods weep 5314:Wake Island 1941: A battle to make the gods weep 4575: 4573: 3542:Wake Island 1941: A battle to make the gods weep 2957:On 5 October 1943, American naval aircraft from 1431:(AV-8) is the ship on the far right in this row. 5792: 5480:A Magnificent Fight: The Battle for Wake Island 5144: 4898: 4872: 4846: 4766: 4731: 4705: 4679: 4200: 3998: 3813:"Wake Island a Lesson in American WWII Bravery" 2986:Marines under the command of Brigadier General 2172:—ordered TF 14 to return to Pearl Harbor. 1564:) along with its escorts 8th Cruiser Division ( 1495: 1050:On 6 December, Japanese Submarine Division 27 ( 56:A destroyed Japanese patrol boat (#33) on Wake. 27:World War II battle in the Pacific Ocean (1941) 5188: 4918: 4786: 1072:to patrol and blockade the pending operation. 6122: 6096:Invasion of Shanghai International Settlement 5836: 5816:Youtube Summary of the Battle for Wake Island 5611:Facing Fearful Odds: The Siege of Wake Island 4980: 4570: 4478:"Brewster's Buffalo (Naval History Magazine)" 3657: 3655: 2768:rescued all 66 members of the crew of Ro-60. 2760:operations personally. Pounded by high surf, 2423: 1444:PBY visit and carrier strike (December 20–21) 414: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 3602: 975:pieces, originating from the old battleship 5406:"National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific" 5106:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5034: 3853: 3610:"Battle of Wake Island, 8–23 December 1941" 3418: 3416: 2834:Detail of aircraft revetments built by POWs 2677:received orders to return to Kwajalein. As 1519:on December 11 in the attack that sank the 1380:by dropping a bomb on her stern, where the 6434:United States Marine Corps in World War II 6129: 6115: 5843: 5829: 5518: 5497: 5403: 5317:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 84, 92. 3734: 3732: 3730: 3661: 3652: 3287: 3285: 2689:went off course and ran hard aground on a 1750: 1352:patrolled nearby to secure the perimeter. 988:(with only a single working anti-aircraft 421: 407: 50: 5766:Wake island Roster Bonita Gilbert website 5631:Pacific Alamo: The Battle for Wake Island 5310: 5304: 5007:"War in the Pacific NHP: War in Paradise" 4516:"On Eternal Patrol - USS Triton (SS-201)" 4375: 4319: 4317: 4226: 4169: 4007: 3666:. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company. 3002:National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific 2815:for their efforts. Future U.S. President 2314: 1910:was to undertake a raid on the island of 1199:Diagram of the December 11 battle at Wake 6454:Attacks on hospitals during World War II 5783:Wake Island: Alamo of the Pacific (2003) 5754:Executed Today on the executed Civilians 5705:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 5688: 5627: 5549: 5476: 5388: 4153:"1942-44: U.S. Air Raids on Wake Island" 4128: 3948: 3896: 3884: 3810: 3786: 3413: 3128: 3015: 2948: 2908:In June 1945 the Japanese hospital ship 2884: 2829: 2819:also flew his first combat mission as a 2775: 2661:crash-dived, but the attack damaged her 2427: 2351:range of Wake's guns. The next morning, 2318: 1889: 1877: 1869: 1859: 1754: 1528: 1507: 1499: 1422: 1202: 1194: 1143: 1079: 1041: 788:playing a prominent role on both sides. 6424:Battles of World War II involving Japan 5722:WW2 Facts - Battle of Wake Island Facts 5145:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2015). 4899:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4873:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4847:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4767:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4732:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4706:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4680:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 4344: 4326:"The Forsaken Defenders of Wake Island" 4272:"Wake Island Prisoners of World War II" 4269: 4201:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2017). 3727: 3282: 2860:battles for remote islands such as the 1512:Wreckage of Wildcat 211-F-11, flown by 1022:and pistols in .45 caliber, as well as 250: 232: 214: 111: 14: 6386: 6035:Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse 5737:Historynet.com Wake Island POW Account 5530: 5457: 5237: 5081: 4323: 4314: 4058: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3636:"Clippers At War @ flyingclippers.com" 3190:WW2 bunker on Wake overlooking a beach 2771: 1211:) was lost in the December 11 assault. 6419:Amphibious operations of World War II 6110: 5824: 5571: 5238:Padden, Kathy Copeland (2021-05-29). 5030: 5028: 5026: 4954:. marshall.csu.edu.au. 9 October 2005 4430:"The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis" 4427: 4052: 3920: 3918: 3815:. United States Department of Defense 3630: 3628: 3626: 3589: 3538: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3392: 3238:Naval and air personnel not included. 3166:Revetments for aircraft built by POWs 3137: 2903:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 2651:Marine Fighter Squadron 211 (VMF-211) 2286: 1935:TF–14 consisted of the fleet carrier 868:About 1,221 civilian workers for the 402: 5594: 5431: 4409:Lundstrom 2005, pp. 26–27, 29–30, 35 3267: 3252: 1844: 1576:), and the 17th Destroyer Division ( 1461:range of Wake on December 21, 1941. 857:, commanded by Marine aviator Major 6081:List of shipwrecks in December 1941 5526:(Report). United States Navy. C973. 5404:Administration, National Cemetery. 4944: 4630: 4270:Wensyel, James W. (November 2001). 4008:Lundstrom, John B. (July 1, 2005). 3965: 3827:Cox, Samuel J. (29 December 2016). 3826: 2338:Assigned to Submarine Division 62, 1782: 1191:First landing attempt (December 11) 994:.50 in (12.7 mm) Browning 24: 6409:South Seas Mandate in World War II 5982:Japanese invasion of Lingayen Gulf 5675: 5451: 5023: 4331:Naval History and Heritage Command 4295: 3915: 3833:Naval History and heritage Command 3789:"'Humbled by Sizeable Casualties'" 3623: 3590:Urwin, Gregory (23 October 2023). 3430: 3334: 3024: 3011: 2604:— at Kwajalein when Japan entered 1367:"Battery L", on Peale islet, sank 776:. It was fought on and around the 313:449 USMC personnel consisting of: 25: 6465: 5962:Japanese invasion of Batan Island 5656: 5212: 5041:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 3000:and reburied at Section G of the 1833:and were transported by train to 1018:rifle. Other small arms included 284:First Attempt (11 December): 6196: 6190: 6061:Philippines campaign (1941–1942) 5933: 5927: 5889:Shelling of Johnston and Palmyra 5748:Wake Island Civilian POW Account 5743:Wake Island Civilian POW Account 5687: 5613:. University of Nebraska Press. 5519:Cunningham, Winfield S. (1948). 5219:Scientific American Blog Network 4418:Lundstrom 2005, pp. 40–43, 47–48 4227:Sendzikas, Aldona (2012-02-01). 3208:Shelling of Johnston and Palmyra 3183: 3171: 3159: 3147: 3110:(Marine Corps Fighter Squadron) 3035:Commandant, 14th Naval District 2057:and other battalion small arms. 1930:Second Carrier Division (第二航空戦隊) 1737:Lieutenant Colonel Walter Bayler 1730:Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal 971:The Marines were armed with six 959: 947: 935: 923: 905: 257: 239: 221: 203: 191: 180: 169: 158: 147: 127: 113: 6136: 5397: 5382: 5358: 5331: 5280: 5256: 5231: 5206: 5114: 5075: 4999: 4974: 4965: 4892: 4866: 4725: 4699: 4606: 4582: 4561: 4545: 4532: 4508: 4484: 4470: 4446: 4421: 4412: 4403: 4369: 4338: 4289: 4263: 4220: 4145: 4122: 4104: 4086: 4072: 3942: 3890: 3847: 3804: 3780: 3756: 3702: 3678: 3583: 3559: 3532: 3508: 3484: 3459: 3386: 3377: 2693:north of the atoll at 02:00 at 2303:The US Submarines were its new 2063:consisted of the fleet carrier 1866:USN relief plans and operations 1654:invasion of the Gilbert Islands 1640:; and 29th Destroyer Division ( 1364:as they approached the island. 6071:Battle of Changsha (1941–1942) 5972:Japanese invasion of Lamon Bay 5952:Attack on Clark and Iba Fields 4558:was critical. Blair, pp.120-1. 3359: 3307: 3273: 3232: 3038:Island Commander, Wake. Cmdr. 2636:followed on 14 December 1941. 2244:his flagship and Rear Admiral 2240:the following day. Leary made 2096:), and the nine destroyers of 1714:, sank the Japanese destroyer 1076:Initial airstrike and bombings 1032:On 28 November, naval aviator 13: 1: 5913:Battle of Prachuap Khiri Khan 5909:Japanese invasion of Thailand 5425: 4551:For which squadron commander 4324:Nasuti, Guy (December 2016). 3860:: Tabular Record of Movement" 3811:Garamone, Jim (7 June 2017). 3662:Cunningham, W. Scott (1961). 3393:Urwin, Gregory J. W. (2011). 2938: 983:3 in (76 mm)/50 cal 627:Qantas Short Empire shootdown 5977:Japanese invasion of Legazpi 5609:Uwrin, Gregory J.W. (1997). 5557:. Nashville: Battery Press. 5551:Devereux, Colonel James P.S. 5477:Cressman, Robert J. (2005). 5462:. US Naval Institute Press. 4428:Kratz, Jessie (2020-07-30). 3787:Cressman, Robert J. (1992). 3366:1st Marine Defense Battalion 3058:1st Marine Defense Battalion 2813:Distinguished Flying Crosses 2801:Consolidated B-24 Liberators 1687:in Asia. However, some were 1666:Special Naval Landing Forces 1496:Second assault (December 23) 1046:Wake island in December 1941 840:1st Marine Defense Battalion 652:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown 7: 6030:Bombing of Singapore (1941) 5957:Japanese invasion of Aparri 5894:Invasion of Gilbert Islands 5884:First Bombardment of Midway 4376:Lundstrom, John B. (1990). 4345:Wheeler, Gerald E. (1996). 4298:"They defended Wake Island" 3214:First Bombardment of Midway 3195: 1332:Special Naval Landing Force 10: 6470: 6076:Dutch East Indies campaign 5987:Japanese invasion of Vigan 5967:Japanese invasion of Davao 5804:. Charles Sturt University 5580:. New York: Bantam Books. 5531:Dennis, Jim Moran (2011). 3467:"Pre War/WWII USMC M1903s" 3313:20 later died in captivity 3055: 2942: 2844:PB2Y Coronado flying boats 2756:, to supervise rescue and 2614:United States Marine Corps 2466:United States Marine Corps 2432:Japanese submarine tender 2424:Japanese submarine actions 2342:made a training cruise to 1001:.30 in (7.62 mm) 825: 329:6 coastal artillery pieces 6285: 6262: 6205: 6188: 6144: 6043: 5995: 5942: 5925: 5856: 5604:. New York: W. W. Norton. 5498:Cunningham, Chet (2002). 5483:. Naval Institute Press. 5436:. Naval Institute Press. 5340:"Massacre on Wake Island" 5172:"Japanese Hospital Ships" 4249:10.1525/phr.2012.81.1.138 4237:Pacific Historical Review 4233:, by Gregory J. W. Urwin" 4024:– via Google Books. 4014:. Naval Institute Press. 3545:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 3443:"War Boat: A Heroic Tale" 3399:. Naval Institute Press. 3344:. nps.gov. Archived from 3060:Detachment, Wake – Major 1454:Lt. Colonel Walter Bayler 440: 390: 343: 277: 140: 105: 60: 49: 37: 32: 6334:Japanese submarine Ro-66 6316:Japanese destroyer 6308:Japanese destroyer 6235:Japanese submarine Ro-60 5555:The story of Wake Island 5240:"Wake Island War Crimes" 3371:August 25, 2005, at the 3226: 3093:Capt. Bryght D. Godbold 2739:and splitting her 2078:, three heavy cruisers ( 2049:air search radar and an 1726:Navy Expeditionary Medal 1724:, affixed to either the 1112:flown from bases on the 1020:Thompson submachine guns 954:3"/50 caliber gun in WW1 5760:Massacre on wake Island 5628:Wukovits, John (2003). 5389:Headsman (2009-06-18). 5370:Encyclopedia Britannica 5196:"Return to Wake Island" 4520:www.oneternalpatrol.com 4353:Naval Historical Center 3829:"H-002-2A: Wake Island" 3596:Encyclopædia Britannica 3592:"Battle of Wake Island" 3090:3-inch Artillery Group 3079:5-inch Artillery Group 2624:. On 12 December 1941, 1751:Surrender and aftermath 1550:Second Carrier Division 1008:M1903 Springfield rifle 692:Nauru and Ocean Islands 6404:History of Wake Island 6248:Wake Island Conference 6218:Winfield S. Cunningham 6025:Battle of Kuala Lumpur 5864:Attack on Pearl Harbor 5683: 5663:Listen to this article 5648:Urwin, Gregory (2010) 5504:. Carroll & Graf. 4567:Blair, pp.120 and 901. 3640:www.flyingclippers.com 3154:A rusted shore battery 3134: 3082:Maj. George H. Potter 3040:Winfield S. Cunningham 3021: 2988:Lawson H. M. Sanderson 2954: 2897: 2835: 2785: 2784:planes in October 1943 2437: 2324: 2323:USS Triton around 1940 2315:U.S. submarine actions 2194:rendezvoused with the 2034:Brewster F2A-3 Buffalo 1922:, centered around the 1895: 1887: 1875: 1829:Those POWs arrived in 1760: 1541: 1526: 1505: 1432: 1212: 1200: 1149: 1102:attack on Pearl Harbor 1085: 1068:) was dispatched from 1047: 1037:Winfield S. Cunningham 992:among them); eighteen 973:5-inch (127 mm)/51 cal 371:21 aircraft destroyed 367:2 patrol boats wrecked 339:1,221 civilian workers 335:68 U.S. Navy personnel 210:Winfield S. Cunningham 141:Commanders and leaders 6394:Battle of Wake Island 6213:Battle of Wake Island 6177:Wake Island Time Zone 5879:Battle of Wake Island 5874:Battle of Guam (1941) 5794:Spennemann, Dirk H.R. 5682: 5176:www.combinedfleet.com 4276:World War II Magazine 3324:"The Defense of Wake" 3220:Battle of Guam (1941) 3132: 3121:Grumman F4F-3 Wildcat 3096:Batteries D, E and F 3085:Batteries A, B and L 3019: 2952: 2888: 2833: 2779: 2431: 2322: 1977:), and 8 destroyers ( 1908:Task Force 11 (TF–11) 1893: 1881: 1873: 1758: 1532: 1511: 1503: 1426: 1206: 1198: 1147: 1083: 1045: 912:5"/51 caliber gun on 830:In January 1941, the 805:United States Marines 750:Battle of Wake Island 431:Japanese offensives, 344:Casualties and losses 337:5 U.S. Army personnel 333:12 anti-aircraft guns 319:1st Defense Battalion 33:Battle of Wake Island 6444:December 1941 events 6370:19.2900°N 166.6010°E 6272:Typhoon Olive (1952) 6255:(Wake radio station) 6223:Shigematsu Sakaibara 6167:Wake Island Airfield 6056:Day of Infamy speech 6020:Battle of Kota Bharu 5714:More spoken articles 5572:Sloan, Bill (2003). 5393:. ExecutedToday.com. 5346:on February 14, 2008 4480:. 29 September 2007. 3835:. United States Navy 3004:, commonly known as 2972:and executed with a 2965:Shigematsu Sakaibara 2805:U.S. Army Air Forces 2608:on 8 December 1941, 2440:On 6 December 1941, 2267:. The carrier 2265:Guadalcanal campaign 2190:on 11 December. USS 2098:Destroyer Squadron 1 877:Pan American Airways 752:was a battle of the 317:399 infantry of the 176:Shigematsu Sakaibara 18:Wake Island massacre 6366: / 5869:Battle of Hong Kong 5727:The Defense of Wake 5432:Dull, Paul (2007). 4981:PacificWrecks.com. 4082:. 23 December 2020. 4062:The Defense of Wake 3866:. Combinedfleet.com 3664:Wake Island Command 3539:Moran, Jim (2011). 3062:James P.S. Devreaux 2945:Japanese war crimes 2874:Japanese submarine 2772:Japanese occupation 2708: / 2551: / 2530:Japan Standard Time 2257:Battle of Coral Sea 2205:replenishment oiler 2184:Frank Jack Fletcher 2100:(squadron flagship 1860:Japanese occupation 1405:, spare parts, and 1334:troops. Submarines 1289:, submarine tender 850:, consisting of 12 662:Andaman and Nicobar 391:70 civilians killed 303:2 aircraft carriers 228:James P.S. Devereux 6182:Wake Island Device 5919:Invasion of Borneo 5899:Bombing of Rangoon 5802:Digital Micronesia 5772:Wake Island (1942) 5762:(Web archive link) 5756:(Web archive link) 5750:(Web archive link) 5684: 5311:Jim Moran (2011). 4540:Forrest M. O'Leary 4059:Heinly Jr., R. D. 3612:. historyofwar.org 3202:Wake Island (film) 3138:Historic landmarks 3135: 3022: 2955: 2898: 2866:Battle of Iwo Jima 2836: 2807:, in transit from 2786: 2667:commanding officer 2586:by the collision. 2556:19.167°N 166.467°E 2438: 2325: 2287:Submarines actions 2170:U.S. Pacific Fleet 2166:Commander in Chief 1896: 1888: 1876: 1761: 1741:United States Navy 1739:who departed on a 1722:Wake Island Device 1662:Patrol Boat No. 33 1658:Patrol Boat No. 32 1542: 1527: 1506: 1438:USS Tangier (AV-8) 1433: 1362:coast-defense guns 1327:Patrol Boat No. 33 1321:Patrol Boat No. 32 1213: 1201: 1165:Philippine Clipper 1155:Philippine Clipper 1150: 1086: 1048: 997:heavy machine guns 986:anti-aircraft guns 838:, elements of the 832:United States Navy 295:1 submarine tender 293:2 troop transports 68:8–23 December 1941 6399:Conflicts in 1941 6375:19.2900; 166.6010 6349: 6348: 6104: 6103: 5739:(Article limited) 5680: 5542:978-1-84908-603-5 5324:978-1-84908-604-2 5151:combinedfleet.com 5126:www.navsource.org 4987:pacificwrecks.com 4905:combinedfleet.com 4879:combinedfleet.com 4853:combinedfleet.com 4773:combinedfleet.com 4738:combinedfleet.com 4712:combinedfleet.com 4686:combinedfleet.com 4590:"Tambor (SS-198)" 4454:"Triton (SS 201)" 4434:Pieces of History 4296:Nelson, Mary Jo. 4207:combinedfleet.com 4131:Los Angeles Times 4040:Stars and Stripes 3951:Los Angeles Times 3714:www.guampedia.com 3552:978-1-84908-943-2 3406:978-1-61251-004-0 3127: 3126: 3119:Equipped with 12 2870:Minami Tori Shima 2817:George H. W. Bush 2713:9.000°N 167.500°E 2382:aircraft carriers 2045:); as well as an 1845:Additional events 1759:Wake POWs in 1941 1539:Patrol Boat No.33 1535:Patrol Boat No.32 1330:) containing 450 1316:-class destroyers 1297:armed merchantmen 1209:show here in 1927 1129:converted into a 966:3"/50 caliber gun 942:5"/51 caliber gun 930:5"/51 caliber gun 820:Douglas MacArthur 745: 744: 595:Dutch East Indies 397: 396: 353:2 destroyers sunk 305:2 heavy cruisers 287:3 light cruisers 165:Sadamichi Kajioka 101: 100: 16:(Redirected from 6461: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6367: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6200: 6194: 6172:Wake Island Rail 6131: 6124: 6117: 6108: 6107: 6091:HMS Peterel sunk 6086:USS Wake capture 6066:Malayan campaign 6015:Battle of Kampar 5937: 5931: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5822: 5821: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5704: 5702: 5691: 5690: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5664: 5645: 5624: 5605: 5591: 5579: 5568: 5546: 5527: 5525: 5515: 5494: 5473: 5447: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5386: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5342:. 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February 2001. 4184: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4108: 4102: 4101: 4100:on May 12, 2014. 4096:. Archived from 4090: 4084: 4083: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4005: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3978: 3963: 3962: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3922: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3736: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3721: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3659: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3632: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3577: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3526: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3502: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3478: 3471:USMCWeaponry.com 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3439: 3428: 3427: 3426:. February 2001. 3420: 3411: 3410: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3289: 3280: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3256: 3250: 3239: 3236: 3187: 3175: 3163: 3151: 3053: 3006:Punchbowl Crater 2933:Wake Island Rail 2862:Battle of Tarawa 2857:Battle of Midway 2791:Wake Island Rail 2749:submarine tender 2734: 2733: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2720: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2701: 2681:was approaching 2577: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2305:fleet submarines 2261:Battle of Midway 2238:Herbert F. Leary 2218: 2032:, equipped with 1916:Marshall Islands 1862:section below.) 1815:prisoners of war 1678:Morrison-Knudsen 1638:invasion of Guam 1627:, and transport/ 1217:South Seas Force 1114:Marshall Islands 963: 951: 939: 927: 909: 870:Morrison-Knudsen 754:Pacific campaign 707:Aleutian Islands 697:Zhejiang-Jiangxi 667:Christmas Island 478:French Indochina 435: 423: 416: 409: 400: 399: 382:12 aircraft lost 369:10 aircraft lost 361:1 submarine sunk 272: 262: 261: 252: 244: 243: 234: 226: 225: 216: 208: 207: 196: 195: 185: 184: 174: 173: 163: 162: 154:Shigeyoshi Inoue 152: 151: 133: 131: 130: 123: 119: 117: 116: 97:Japanese victory 92:American victory 80:, U.S. territory 62: 61: 54: 30: 29: 21: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6439:1941 in Oceania 6384: 6383: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6365: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6345: 6281: 6258: 6201: 6195: 6186: 6140: 6135: 6105: 6100: 6039: 6010:Battle of Jitra 6005:Battle of Gurun 5991: 5938: 5932: 5923: 5852: 5849: 5807: 5805: 5718: 5717: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5695:This audio file 5692: 5685: 5676: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5642: 5621: 5588: 5565: 5543: 5523: 5512: 5491: 5470: 5458:Burton (2006). 5454: 5452:Further reading 5444: 5428: 5423: 5414: 5412: 5402: 5398: 5387: 5383: 5374: 5372: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5336: 5332: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5296: 5294: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5272: 5270: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5248: 5246: 5236: 5232: 5223: 5221: 5213:Platt, John R. 5211: 5207: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5180: 5178: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5155: 5153: 5143: 5139: 5130: 5128: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5099: 5098: 5092: 5090: 5080: 5076: 5033: 5024: 5015: 5013: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4991: 4989: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4957: 4955: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4897: 4893: 4883: 4881: 4871: 4867: 4857: 4855: 4845: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4799: 4798: 4787: 4777: 4775: 4765: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4730: 4726: 4716: 4714: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4678: 4655: 4646: 4644: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4622: 4620: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4598: 4596: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4550: 4546: 4537: 4533: 4524: 4522: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4500: 4498: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4462: 4460: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4438: 4436: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4374: 4370: 4363: 4355:. p. 143. 4343: 4339: 4322: 4315: 4306: 4304: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4268: 4264: 4225: 4221: 4211: 4209: 4199: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4170: 4161: 4159: 4151: 4150: 4146: 4127: 4123: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4065: 4057: 4053: 4044: 4042: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4006: 3999: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3979: 3966: 3947: 3943: 3934: 3932: 3924: 3923: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3895: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3852: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3825: 3818: 3816: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3770: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3748: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3728: 3719: 3717: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3694: 3692: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3660: 3653: 3644: 3642: 3634: 3633: 3624: 3615: 3613: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3588: 3584: 3575: 3573: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3537: 3533: 3524: 3522: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3500: 3498: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3476: 3474: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3451: 3449: 3441: 3440: 3431: 3422: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3373:Wayback Machine 3364: 3360: 3351: 3349: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3291: 3290: 3283: 3278: 3274: 3266: 3259: 3251: 3242: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3198: 3191: 3188: 3179: 3176: 3167: 3164: 3155: 3152: 3140: 3050: 3027: 3025:American forces 3014: 3012:Order of battle 3008:, on Honolulu. 2947: 2941: 2774: 2735:, damaging her 2723: 2721: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2683:Kwajalein Atoll 2566: 2564: 2561:19.167; 166.467 2560: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2537: 2426: 2317: 2298:Mark 14 torpedo 2291:There were two 2289: 2216: 2196:seaplane tender 1952:seaplane tender 1868: 1851:Tachibana Maru, 1847: 1797:(later renamed 1788: 1753: 1620:seaplane tender 1498: 1446: 1193: 1078: 1070:Kwajalein Atoll 967: 964: 955: 952: 943: 940: 931: 928: 919: 910: 894:Mariana Islands 828: 774:Empire of Japan 770:American forces 746: 741: 580:Gilbert Islands 473:Zaoyang–Yichang 436: 432: 429: 427: 392: 385: 383: 381: 379: 377: 372: 370: 368: 366: 364:Second attempt: 362: 360: 358: 356: 354: 352: 338: 336: 334: 332: 330: 308: 306: 304: 302: 298: 296: 294: 292: 290: 288: 286: 268: 256: 255: 238: 237: 220: 219: 202: 198:Tamon Yamaguchi 190: 189: 179: 178: 168: 167: 157: 156: 146: 128: 126: 114: 112: 95:Second attempt: 93: 81: 55: 40:Pacific Theater 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6467: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6343: 6336: 6331: 6329:Patrol boat 33 6326: 6324:Patrol boat 32 6321: 6313: 6305: 6297: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6268: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6250: 6245: 6237: 6232: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6134: 6133: 6126: 6119: 6111: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5948: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5906: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5840: 5833: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5790: 5779: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5740: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5707: 5693: 5686: 5674: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657:External links 5655: 5654: 5653: 5646: 5640: 5625: 5619: 5606: 5592: 5586: 5569: 5563: 5547: 5541: 5528: 5516: 5510: 5495: 5489: 5474: 5468: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5443:978-1591142195 5442: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5410:www.cem.va.gov 5396: 5381: 5357: 5330: 5323: 5303: 5279: 5255: 5230: 5205: 5200:Psywarrior.com 5187: 5163: 5137: 5113: 5074: 5047:(4): 663–689. 5022: 4998: 4973: 4964: 4943: 4917: 4891: 4865: 4818: 4785: 4750: 4724: 4698: 4653: 4629: 4605: 4581: 4569: 4560: 4544: 4542:. Blair, p.83. 4531: 4507: 4483: 4469: 4445: 4420: 4411: 4402: 4388: 4368: 4362:978-0945274261 4361: 4337: 4313: 4288: 4262: 4219: 4193: 4168: 4144: 4133:. p. C5. 4121: 4103: 4085: 4071: 4051: 4027: 4020: 3997: 3964: 3953:. p. C5. 3941: 3914: 3889: 3887:, p. 109. 3877: 3846: 3803: 3779: 3755: 3726: 3701: 3677: 3651: 3622: 3601: 3582: 3558: 3551: 3531: 3507: 3483: 3458: 3429: 3412: 3405: 3385: 3376: 3358: 3333: 3315: 3306: 3281: 3272: 3257: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3146: 3139: 3136: 3125: 3124: 3117: 3115:Paul A. Putnam 3111: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3043: 3026: 3023: 3013: 3010: 2940: 2937: 2773: 2770: 2718:9.000; 167.500 2653:attacked her, 2610:Kwajalein time 2425: 2422: 2316: 2313: 2288: 2285: 2162:William S. Pye 1867: 1864: 1846: 1843: 1787: 1781: 1752: 1749: 1705:Medal of Honor 1701:Henry T. Elrod 1548:to detach the 1517:Henry T. Elrod 1497: 1494: 1445: 1442: 1207:The Kisaragi ( 1192: 1189: 1110:medium bombers 1106:Mitsubishi G3M 1104:, 36 Japanese 1077: 1074: 969: 968: 965: 958: 956: 953: 946: 944: 941: 934: 932: 929: 922: 920: 911: 904: 881:Pan Am Clipper 859:Paul A. Putnam 827: 824: 743: 742: 740: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 603: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 496: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 441: 438: 437: 426: 425: 418: 411: 403: 395: 394: 388: 387: 374: 373:600 casualties 350:First attempt: 346: 345: 341: 340: 328: 327: 321: 310: 309:2,500 infantry 291:2 patrol boats 280: 279: 275: 274: 264:Henry T. Elrod 246:Paul A. Putnam 200: 143: 142: 138: 137: 124: 108: 107: 103: 102: 99: 98: 90:First attempt: 87: 83: 82: 76: 74: 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 47: 46: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6466: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6382: 6379: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6290: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6229:Takasago Maru 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6204: 6199: 6193: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6162:Wilkes Island 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6132: 6127: 6125: 6120: 6118: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5941: 5936: 5930: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5846: 5841: 5839: 5834: 5832: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5803: 5799: 5796:(2000–2005). 5795: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5696: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5641:0-451-20873-0 5637: 5634:. NAL Trade. 5633: 5632: 5626: 5622: 5620:0-8032-9562-6 5616: 5612: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5587:0-553-80302-6 5583: 5578: 5577: 5570: 5566: 5564:0-89839-264-0 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5522: 5517: 5513: 5511:0-7867-1096-9 5507: 5503: 5502: 5496: 5492: 5490:1-55750-140-8 5486: 5482: 5481: 5475: 5471: 5469:1-59114-096-X 5465: 5461: 5456: 5455: 5445: 5439: 5435: 5430: 5429: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5392: 5385: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5345: 5341: 5334: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5315: 5307: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5269: 5268:Atlas Obscura 5265: 5264:"The 98 Rock" 5259: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5177: 5173: 5167: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5109: 5103: 5089: 5085: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4968: 4953: 4947: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4906: 4902: 4895: 4880: 4876: 4869: 4854: 4850: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4794: 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3865: 3861: 3859: 3850: 3834: 3830: 3814: 3807: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3783: 3769: 3765: 3759: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3691: 3687: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3656: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3611: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3586: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3554: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3535: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3472: 3468: 3462: 3448: 3447:www.panam.org 3444: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3425: 3419: 3417: 3408: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3389: 3380: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3348:on 2012-12-17 3347: 3343: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3310: 3294: 3288: 3286: 3276: 3270:, p. 26. 3269: 3264: 3262: 3255:, p. 24. 3254: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3145: 3144: 3143: 3131: 3122: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3018: 3009: 3007: 3003: 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