Wallace Fard Muhammad

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black and white, that dominate the earth. He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. ... He taught us the truth of how we were made 'slaves' and how we are kept in slavery by the 'slave-masters' children. He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us was past due. And that she is number one to be destroyed. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. ... He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. How we had been made blind, deaf and dumb by this white race of people and how we must return to our people, our God and His religion of peace (Islam), the religion of the prophets. We must give up the slave names of our slave-masters and accept the name of Allah (God) or one of His divine attributes. He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. He taught us that the slave-masters had taught us to eat the wrong food and that this is the cause of our sickness and short span of life. He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. Otherwise he would chastise us with a severe chastisement until we did submit. And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. He said that he loved us (the so-called Negroes), his lost and found, so well that he would eat rattlesnakes to free us if necessary, for he has power over all things.

900:, stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. Here in America they were living other than themselves. They must learn that they are the original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. They must live according to the law of Allah, avoiding all meat of 'poison animals', hogs, ducks, geese, possums and catfish. They must give up completely the use of stimulants, especially liquor. They must clean themselves up – both their bodies and their houses. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen – the Holy City of Mecca. 1192:, Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. This new movement, known as the Temple People. To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. Since Mr. Fard has been deified, the Temple People raise the former Minister of Islam, now a resident of Chicago." This reference is in conflict with the first hand accounts of Malcolm X, such as his appearance in 1963 on the news program City Desk. Malcolm X states that Elijah Mohammed was neither Allah nor a Prophet, but rather that he was a Messenger. Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, heard Fard teach for the first time in 1931. Elijah Muhammad stated that he and Fard became inseparable between 1931 and 1934, where he felt "jailed almost" due to the amount of time that they spent together with Fard teaching him day and night. 1674:(FBI) memorandum dated May 16, 1957, states: "From a review of instant file it does not appear that there has been a concerted effort to locate and fully identify W. D. Fard. In as much as Elijah Muhammad recognizes W.D. Fard as being Allah (God) and claims that Fard is the source of all of his teachings, it is suggested that an exhaustive effort be made to fully identify and locate W. D. Fard and/or members of his family." The FBI took note of the article written by Erdmann Doane Beynon, and it conducted a search for Fard using various aliases including the name "Ford". On October 17, 1957, the FBI located and interviewed Hazel Barton-Ford, Wallie Ford's common-law wife, with whom he had a son named Wallace Dodd Ford, born on September 1, 1920. This son, later also known as Wallace Max Ford, died in 1942. He was serving for the 1643:

however, suggest that he was killed by Greene's partisans. For some time, one W. D. Fard assumed leadership of the Moorish movement. According to Bontemps and Conroy, Fard claimed that he was the reincarnation of Noble Drew Ali. By 1930 a permanent split developed in the movement. One faction, the Moors, remains faithful to Noble Drew Ali, and the other, which is now led by Elijah Muhammad, remains faithful to Prophet Fard (Master Wallace Fard Muhammad). However, Minister Malcolm X and other leaders of the Nation of Islam have emphatically denied any past connection whatsoever of Elijah Muhammad, Master Wallace Fard Muhammad, or their movement with Nobel Drew Ali's Moorish American Science Temple.

1465: 926: 1580: 1536: 1452:. On February 23, 1917, press reported a court had denied Sher Khan's application for citizenship on the ground that his stated birthplace, Balochistan, was "not of the white race". Sher Khan's World War draft registration listed him as residing in Eugene, Oregon, working as a tamale maker. He listed his nearest relative as Fardes Khan of Balochistan, Afghanistan. In 1921, the marriage certificate of Joe Mobine Khan lists his birthplace as Afghanistan, his father as Madie Khan and his mother as Mary Gee. 1682:, at the time of his death. Barton-Ford gave a description of Wallie Ford, and described him as a Caucasian New Zealander. The FBI's search for Fard was officially closed the following year on April 15, 1958. Immigration records did not match any of his aliases. His true identity remains unknown, but there is strong evidence that the Nation of Islam founder Wallace D. Fard was the same man as Wallace Dodd Ford, an inmate in San Quentin Prison. According to Patrick D. Bowen, a PhD candidate at the 1181: 691: 517: 864:. His teachings gave Poole hope and presented her life with new possibilities and new memories. After one of Fard's services, during which he asked if someone knew Elijah Poole, Clara, introduced him and his teachings to her husband, Elijah Poole, who later became Elijah Muhammad. His guidance and teachings eventually changed and reformed Elijah Poole into a responsible and ideal husband, who would later become the face and leader of the Nation Of Islam. 1269: 1448:

Ave in Spokane, corroborated by Sher Khan's record of landing. In 1907, a directory listed Jongie, Kaliaham, and Zendad Khan as tamale manufacturers who were living together at 36 McBroom Ave in Spokane. In 1910, Sher Khan was listed in the census as a Persian residing in Portland. Jangger Khan died on August 6, 1910, in Butte, Montana, where he had been a tamale vendor. In 1911, Sher Khan of Portland applied for citizenship, reporting a birthplace in

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his community, that they should "copy the Answers of Lesson of Minister Elijah Muhammad." He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to the Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? The past History shows that the ALMIGHTY ALLAH sends Prophets and Apostles for the people's Guide and Example, and through them HIS Mystery was Revealed. And those who follow the Apostle would see the Light."

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Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani ... a Greek ... In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. Fard, most scholars have relied on his teachings as passed down, and perhaps modified, by Elijah Muhammad. Some have suggested that he was a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America or the Ahmadiyyah Movement. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite." Morrow suggests that a background of

1523:. However, by August 30, newspapers reported on divorce proceedings between the two. On November 14, 1914, Fred Dodd was arrested for larceny after allegedly stealing from his wife Pearl, whom he was suing for divorce. Their divorce was announced on December 27. Pearl gave birth to a son the following year. A 2024 DNA test may suggest that this son was not biologically descended from Dodd. 1293:. In 1981, Farrakhan and his supporters held their first Saviours' Day convention in Chicago, Illinois, and took back the name of the Nation of Islam. The event was similar to the earlier Nation's celebrations, last held in Chicago on February 26, 1975. At the convention's keynote address, Farrakhan announced his attempt to restore the Nation of Islam under Elijah Muhammad's teachings. 1034: 1504:

an additional license. On April 29, Dodd penned an announcement in the newspaper, complaining about police harassment for fruit sales. In June, it was reported that Dodd's complaint of police harassment would be investigated by the police committee. After the committee reported and the report was adopted, the mayor instructed the chief of police to allow Dodd to sell his wares.

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ordered to move his hot-tamale cart to a new location. By September 15, it was reported that Fred the Turk had to abandon his cart due to the order and was now operating out of the back of a cigar store. On September 18, "Fred the Greek", tamale vendor, was reported to have paid a license fee, and it was announced that his stand would resume operation at a new location.

1082: 1555:, on February 26, 1893. He further reported that he was a resident alien and citizen of Afghanistan. He was described as being of medium height and build with brown eyes and black hair. On the draft card, "Ford" is written in parentheses in a different hand. At the bottom of the card, he signed his name as "Wallie Dodd Ford". 921:

SAVIOUR (ALLAH). PRAISE HIS HOLY NAME! There is No God but ALLAH. How that ALLAH would separate us from the Devils and, then destroy them; and Change us into a New and Perfect People; and Fill the Earth with FREEDOM, JUSTICE and EQUALITY as it was filled with wickedness; and Making we, the Poor Lost-Founds, the Perfect RULERS.

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Nation of Islam will not return to their original Land unless they, first, have a thorough Knowledge of their own.' So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand...

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My mother, when I was leaving the home one day, after my father had insisted that I accept God the way he presented God, or I was gonna be cut off from all communication, he told me he knew it would hurt me to know that I wouldn't be able to see my mother. He said - "you won't be able to talk to your

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Beynon further wrote: "The prophet's message was characterized by his ability to utilize to the fullest measure the environment of his followers. Their physical and economic difficulties alike were used to illustrate the new teaching. Similarly, biblical prophecies and the teachings of Marcus Garvey

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movement. A few of them had come under the influence of the Moorish-American cult which succeeded it. The effect of both these movements upon the future members of the Nation of Islam was largely indirect. Garvey taught the Negroes that their homeland was Ethiopia. The Noble Drew Ali, the prophet of

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Ford was arrested again on January 20, 1926, for violation of the California Woolwine Possession Act, and on February 15, 1926, for violation of the State Poison Act. After this second arrest, a Spanish-language paper in Los Angeles described him as a "street politician". Ford was a sentenced to six

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In October, newspapers announced that Fred the Turk was traveling to Portland for a visit. On November 3, newspapers reported on a "Halloween prank" in which local boys took the wheels off Fred the Turk's tamale wagon and dropped it, breaking Fred's dishes and eggs, as well as injuring Fred himself;

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Upon Elijah Muhammad's death in February 1975, his son Wallace (later Warith) was named successor and instituted sweeping reforms. Where his father has regarded Fard as a physical manifestation of Allah, Wallace denounced Fard as a human who "had his own designs on the black community". The group

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In this lesson, Fard places the number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". Nation of Islam theology states that this "Messenger" is Elijah Muhammad. Fard wrote, in his instructions to the leaders of

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reported that "Wallace Fard, said by police to be a leader of the Order of Islam religious cult, is awaiting an immigration hearing. Officials say he came to the United States from Asia." Fard was later released, but he may have been forced to accept voluntary deportation. After Fard's departure, he

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would be destroyed in the year 1934 by poison gas and fighting. Elijah Muhammad was found guilty for his role in establishing an unlicensed school, but he was released on probation. Amid rumors that police wanted both Fard and his chief aide dead, Elijah Muhammad fled for Chicago, and Fard was never

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According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand, and "ithin three years the prophet not only began the movement but organized it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background, appearing almost never to his followers during the final months of his residence

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Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. Attendance at the house meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts. Finally, the community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings

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Beynon refers to some of the lessons by Fard as an "oral tradition" that was recorded at the University of Islam as the "Secret Ritual of the Nation of Islam." See Beynon (1938), p. 898. Authors have subsequently attributed a text of this title to Fard. See Evanzz, supra at 81. However, Fard's

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On August 9, 1912, the Salem, Oregon newspapers reported on Fred Dadd, local tamale vendor and naturalized American originally from New Zealand, attending his first baseball game. On April 8, 1913, the Salem, Oregon city council reported unfavorably on Dodd's request to sell fruit without acquiring

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Press reported that at trial, fifteen-year-old Sally Ali, who had attended the University of Islam, testified that she had been taught "in the Islamic New Deal that if she cut off the heads of four devils—devils being unrighteous people—she would win a free trip to Mecca and a button of some sort."

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of North America to enter the Nation of Islam. His very name is uncertain. He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. One of the few survivors who heard his first addresses states that

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and Ashima Takis. The FBI charged that Takahashi had been an influential presence in the Nation of Islam. He spoke as a guest at the NOI temples in Detroit and Chicago. A February 19, 1963, FBI memorandum states: "In connection with efforts to disrupt and curb growth of the NOI, extensive research

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On March 23, 1908, papers announced that Turkish tamale vendor Fred Walldad had received a small house on wheels. On September 8, 1908, Eugene newspapers announced a new lunchcart that would be opening adjacent to the cart owned by Fred the Turk. Four days later, press reported that Fred had been

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A 1904 manifest stated that Johnges Khan, Rahim Ullah, Drabas Khan, Hamif Ulla, Khanialam Khan and Sher Khan, from British India, were traveling aboard the SS Tremont to join their brother in Tacoma. A 1904 manifest listed Johnges and Sher Khan as rejoining their mother Sar Bulano of 717 Riverside

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request to the FBI in 1978 requesting its file on Fard. Evanzz based his account of Fard's life on the declassified portion of the FBI file that he received about a decade after his request. Evanzz detailed the experience of several other authors who also based their accounts of Fard's life on the

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Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. Some of the lessons are in the form of questions asked by Fard to Elijah Muhammad. One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. Fard, which contains 40

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Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam – must return to their original Land. One of the Conference Members by the name of Mr. Osman Sharrieff said to the Eleven Members of the Conference: 'The Lost-Found

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On November 20, 1932, Robert Harris (who had received the name Robert Karriem from Fard) escorted James J. Smith into a room with a makeshift altar. In the audience were twelve adult witnesses and Harris's wife and children. Smith, who believed he was being inducted into the Allah Temple of Islam,

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to Detroit from the rural South. Fard told black residents that his silks were the same kind that their ancestors in Mecca used and claimed to be a traveler from that land. When offered food, Fard reportedly ate what was provided but would advise residents to avoid certain foods, promising health

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The years 1891 and 1893 have both been cited by sources relying upon FBI records primarily. The FBI file on Fard provides both dates for individuals suspected (but never confirmed) to be Fard. The FBI file states: "Our investigation of the NOI and Fard failed to establish his birth date and birth

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was shot and stabbed in his offices at the Unity Club in Chicago on the night of March 15, 1929. … He was eventually released on bond, but a few weeks later, he died under mysterious circumstances. Some people claim that he died from injuries inflicted by the police while he was in jail. Others,

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Efforts to trace the origins and life story of Fard have been extensive but have yielded only fragmentary results, and not even his date of death is known; further complicating any efforts is the fact that only a handful of pictures of Fard are known to exist, including four mugshots taken after

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He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. ... He measured and weighed the earth and its water; the history of the moon; the history of the two nations,

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he LESSONS that OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH) gave us to Study and Learn is the Fulfillment of the Prophecies of All the Former Prophets concerning the Beginning of the Devils, and the Ending of the Civilization, and of our Enslavement by the Devils, and Present Time of our Delivery from the Devils by OUR

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upon his converts. He taught that this practice restored their original and true identities, while also revealing the lies that cloaked the origins of the so-called Asiatic Blackman. Such names included Muhammad, Ali, Karriem, and Fardan. Scholars note that new names had previously been given by

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In a 2000s interview featuring both Louis Farrakhan and Warith Deen Muhammad, Farrakhan argued that "Master Fard Muhammad taught us to accept our own and to be ourselves. We know that he, a man born February 26, 1877, is not the originator of the Heavens and Earth... Fard Muhammad developed a

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While some scholars argue that Fard's divinity was a creation of Elijah Muhammad, Morrow points out that Fard did identify himself as God to Detroit police and that the psychiatrists who examined Fard after his arrest reported that Fard had delusions of Godhood. Morrow argues that under Elijah

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investigates a variety of theories about Fard's ethnic and religious origins, writing: "The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia ... a Turk, an

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In the early stage of his ministry, Fard used the Bible as his textbook, since it was the only religious book with which the majority of his audience were familiar. Bowen similarly argues that in the early Nation of Islam, "ministers regularly referenced passages from the Bible to prove their

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On November 22, 1915, local newspapers announced that Dodd planned a vacation to San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego, noting that it was his "first vacation in six years". Papers described him as "the genial Turkish lad" who planned to go travel to New Orleans, New York, and Chicago. On

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that Fard was actually Wallace Dodd Ford. The paper published the story in an article titled "Black Muslim Founder Exposed As White." An FBI memorandum dated August 1963 states that the FBI had not been able to verify his birthdate or birthplace, and "he was last heard from in 1934."

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With Fard and Ugan Ali still in custody five days after the murder, Elijah Muhammad, at the time known as Elijah Karriem, led over two hundred members into the court building and staged a protest on the main floor. The police spent a full day expelling the protesters.

1572:. Ford reported that he was a cook, age 26, born in Oregon and living in Los Angeles. Trevino was a 22-year-old native of Mexico also living in Los Angeles. Both provided their race as "Spanish"; Ford claimed that his parents, "Zaradodd" and "Babbjie", were natives of 1483:

On May 26, 1909, Wali Fred Dad, restaurateur of Eugene, applied for citizenship in the United States; he reported being a white man born in Hong Kong, China on February 14, 1882, who arrived in San Francisco in January 1904. In the document, he renounced allegiance to

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suggested that his newly appointed Oakland California Imam Muhammad Abdullah was Fard, though Abdullah himself later retracted this claim. Scholar Fatimah Fanusie has argued that Abdullah was, in fact, Fard. Abdullah was reportedly introduced as Fard to boxing legend

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explained the verdict by saying "It was brought out in the cross examination of the complaining witness that there was another person in the house at the time of the alleged assault and that she did not cry for help as a person in her circumstances would be aroused."

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methodology, strange as it seems, unorthodox as it seems, even poisonous as it may seem, yet it was a prescription that started bringing balance to the system, and that we would evolve from a Nationalist Black-thinking people into the universal message of Islam."

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Wallace brought the group closer to mainstream Sunni Islam, restyling their 'temples' as mosques while 'ministers' became known as imams. Wallace rejected black nationalism in favor of Islamic anti-racism and disbanded the militaristic "Fruit of Islam" group.

1711:". According to the FBI story, Fard was a "Muslim from Turkey who had come to the United States in the early 1900s. He had met Muhammad in prison … where the two men plotted a confidence game in which followers were charged a fee to become Muslims." 1073:

In January 1933, Fard snuck back into Detroit and held secret meetings with followers. Fard left Detroit for a few weeks but returned to Detroit and resumed preaching on street corners. Recognized by police, he was arrested on May 25, booked, and

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On December 7, 1932, police put Fard on a train bound for Chicago. The Allah Temple of Islam was officially disbanded, though soon replaced by a new organization called the Nation of Islam. Former leader Ugan Ali was replaced by Elijah Muhammad.

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On March 5, 1914, Dodd was arrested for allegedly inducing Laura E. Swanson to leave her spouse for him; he was released on $ 1,000 bond. A March 23 report cited Dodd's charge as "assaulting a married woman". On April 21, a jury acquitted Dodd.

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claims". Fard's successor Elijah Muhammad would later claim Fard "knew the Bible better than any of the Christian-bred Negroes". Lomax wrote that Fard was "well-versed" in the Bible, used it as a textbook and taught in the style of a Southern

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Awakened already to a consciousness of race discrimination, these migrants from the South came into contact with militant movements among northern Negroes. Practically none of them had been in the North prior to the collapse of the

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And she looked like her face went blank, and looked like she didn't know what to say, and in a few seconds she said - 'No, he did not. In fact he told us to not even call him Prophet, said that was too big a title for him.'

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From the FBI's response to the Freedom of Information Act request, Evanzz claimed that Fard was Fred Dodd, an Oregonian tamale vendor. A 1905 directory lists Fred Dadd as tamale vendor in Salem, as does the 1911 directory.

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In 1930, Sher Khan was listed in the census, identified as Persian, and reported the ability to speak Arabic. In World War II, Sher Khan listed his place of birth as Karamel, Balochistan. He died on December 22, 1966.

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She said, she walked me to the door, which she didn't do, that wasn't normal for her. And she stood on the porch at the door and she said - 'Wallace, why don't you go back there and accept it? Just say you believe.'

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were prevalent. He advocated that community members establish and own their own businesses, eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the

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Son of a black father and white mother. Father named Alphonso and termed the Mahdi, mother named Bibi Ji (Baby Gee). Alphonso was also the name of the monarch renounced by Wali Fred Dad in his 1909 naturalization.

1061:; he died there on June 19, 1935. Faced with criminal charges, Ugan Ali was released after promising to help disband the Allah Temple of Islam, while Fard agreed to forever leave Detroit as a condition of release. 907:

Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the

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lessons were individually written lessons later compiled in a single publication. See Muhammad (1993). Language attributed to Fard by author Karl Evanzz does not appear in any of the individually written lessons.

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I differed with my father, and I didn't want to differ with him. In fact I never differed with him directly, he was told that someone heard me saying something different. So he called me to question me about it.

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was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. Fard prepared texts that served as authoritative manuals of the faith and were memorized verbatim by his followers.

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In 1934, after Fard Muhammad had departed Detroit, Wallie Ford visited Hazel Barton, the mother of his child, in Los Angeles; she recalled him only eating one meal per day as part of his new lifestyle.

1565:, his race was reported as white, his occupation as a proprietor of a restaurant, and his place of birth as New Zealand. He provided no known place of birth for his parents nor his date of immigration. 1276:

In 1978, Farrakhan and a small number of supporters decided to rebuild what they considered the original Nation of Islam upon the foundations established by Wallace Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad.

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Arian has asserted that W.D. Fard was the person known as Alam Khan. Morrow argues "we know, for a fact, that the man known as Alam Khan and Khanialam Khan used the name Fred Dadd as early as 1904".

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Claimed to be "Subject of Alphonso xiii King of Spain" and have arrived in San Francisco via Hong Kong. Was living in Eugene, Oregon. Nation of Islam teaches that Fard's father was named Alphonso.

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matched those of Fard taken during the 1930s in Detroit; furthermore, in San Quentin he almost certainly came in contact with African American Muslim preachers and converts also incarcerated there.

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December 19, 1915, it was reported that Fred Dodd's night lunchwagon had been purchased at an attachment sale to satisfy a judgment of $ 132.07 held against Fred by a resident of Billings, Montana.

880:. More about myself I will not tell you yet, for the time has not yet come. I am your brother. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. 4644:

California State Board of Health, County of Orange, Certificate of Marriage, Local Registered No. 1768, as located in "California, County Marriages, 1850–1952", index and images, FamilySearch (

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a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. From those interviews, Beynon wrote that Fard lived and taught in Detroit from 1930 to 1934.

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For decades after Fard's disappearance, Elijah Muhammad maintained that Fard was alive and well. After the death of Elijah Muhammad in 1975, his son and new Nation of Islam leader

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Part of Fard's teaching also involved admiration for Japan. Fard was known to teach from what outsiders described as "The Bible of Islam"; In 2023, the book was identified as

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After neighbors called the police, Harris was arrested. Under questioning, he confessed to the murder: "I had to kill somebody, I could not forsake my gods". Police initiated a

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Although the prophet lived in Detroit from July 4, 1930 until June 30, 1934, virtually nothing is known about him, save that he 'came from the East' and that he 'called' the

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Allen was a Native American teenager, Fred Dodd identified as a salesman who was born in Europe along with both his parents. Marriage in Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon.

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has been conducted into various files maintained by this office. Among the files reviewed was that of Wallace Dodd Ford." Five months later, in July 1963, the FBI told the

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On February 3, 1909, newspapers reported that Fred the Turk had sold his lunchwagon and gone to Cottage Grove, Oregon, where he had leased a restaurant and lodging house.

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subsequently charged black media outlets, which reprinted the accusation in large numbers, with running the story without requesting a response from the Nation of Islam.

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was asked if he would sacrifice his life for Islam, and Smith nodded his assent. Harris then stabbed Smith in the chest, and proceeded to bludgeon him to death with an

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draft registration card for Wallie Dodd Fard from 1917 indicated that he was living in Los Angeles, unmarried, as a restaurant owner, and reported that he was born in

725:, Fard spread his religious teachings throughout Detroit, and within three years grew the movement to a reported 25,000 members in Detroit, Chicago, and other cities. 5480: 2038: 4100: 3184:

between blacks and whites. 'The White man will be destroyed this year' he said. Everyone was afraid to ask how he could be so certain, but he explained anyway. The

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various arrests and one being the official portrait by the Nation of Islam. Additionally, Fard is alleged to have used up to 58 different aliases during his life.

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Fard renamed his community the "Nation of Islam". Following the rapid increase in membership, he instituted a formal organizational structure. He established the

3180:, p. 96: "Upon his release, Fard made another self-described farewell visit to Detroit. He had returned, he told believers, to bring good news about the 1507:

In September 1913, Dodd filed a criminal complaint alleging that Frank Day had embezzled funds from him; Day was fined $ 25 and given a suspended sentence.

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In a 2000s interview alongside Louis Farrakhan, Warith Deen Muhammad described breaking with his father Elijah Muhammad over the issue of Fard's divinity:

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Fard, left, showing a book to police detectives. The photo was published by the Detroit Free Press on November 24, 1932, four days after the Harris murder.

939:, which is a compilation of articles written for newspapers throughout the early part of his ministry, Muhammad summarized what Fard taught him as follows: 816:

After Fard's death, Elijah Muhammad continued this practice within the Nation of Islam and added the letter X, symbolizing the unknown, instead of a name.

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and Noble Drew Ali were cited as foretelling the coming of the new prophet." Bowen rejects claims that Fard was a member of the MSTA as unsubstantiated.

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The Islamic scholar John Andrew Morrow summarizes Fard's teachings as rooted in "a wide variety of (Islamic) ideas from both East and West" including "

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Fard established the University of Islam, where school-aged children were taught, as an alternative to Detroit public schools. By January 1934, local

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The Supreme Wisdom Lessons by Master Fard Muhammad: to His Servant, The Honorable Elijah Muhammad for The Lost-Found Nation of Islam in North America

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In 1933, he began signing his name "W. F. Muhammad", which stood for Wallace Fard Muhammad, and used it on several lessons written in 1933 and 1934.

3569: 1596:, on February 25, 1891, the white son of Zared and Beatrice Ford, who were both born in Hawaii. Ford was paroled from San Quentin on May 27, 1929. 1129:

cult" had been revived, and the city initiated legal action against the school. The school was raided by police, and Elijah Muhammad was arrested.

2389: 4112: 2094: 1093:, where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean, and cook. The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the 2345: 1356:

In the 1960s, authors Arna Bontemps and Jack Conroy speculated that Fard may have been an African-American from the U.S. South. Karl Evanzz of

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The name Fard is a common surname in Pakistan, as are other names that he bestowed upon his followers, such as Shabazz, Ghulam, and Kallatt.

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in the Holy Bible. The Mother Plane was designed and built in Japan by 'our Asiatic brothers', Fard said, and when he gave the signal, the

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by A. K. Arian studies the origin of the Nation of Islam founder. One theory postulated is that Fard was of Afghan heritage. The 2019 book

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the wheel was stolen. On December 7, newspapers reported on Fred's petition to have his cart operating during the day as well as at night.

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Claimed father from Argentina, mother from Oregon. Listed occupation is salesman in clothing industry. Listed as veteran of World War I.

262: 5044: 3702: 5505: 5500: 5490: 1363: 2318: 5485: 4874: 4676: 4483: 1902: 545: 4519: 2762: 5510: 1769:, postulates that Fard was the son of a Pakistani Muslim, then known as East Indians. He bases this theory on several indications: 3018: 1259:

Then I said to my mother - 'How can you ask your son now, to accept a man as God, who said Prophet was too big a title for him?'.

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was God, than I could believe that his teacher was God. Because his teacher was a white man and he said white people were devils.

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As of 1920, Ford was still living in Los Angeles as 26-year-old Wallie D. Ford, with his 25-year-old wife, Hazel E. Ford. In the

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mother or see her". So... I didn't change, and as I was leaving my mother was hurt, and it hurt me to see her hurting like that.

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Muhammad, the doctrine of whites as devils was emphasized, while Fard had taught that "devils" were unbelievers of all races.

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and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his hearers and bring them to an emotional crisis."

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place." Fard reportedly claimed to have been born in 1877. Most sources in the Nation of Islam claim that he hailed from

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Fard Muhammad (center) showing a book to police detectives (left) while Fard's chief aide Ugan Ali (right) sits nearby.

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During this time, Clara Poole, later renamed Clara Muhammad, was introduced to W.D. Fard and his teachings through her

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questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934."

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On the question of a connection between the Nation of Islam and the Moorish Science Temple of America, Beynon wrote:

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for Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, who were arrested and questioned. Harris was deemed insane and committed to a

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A History of Conversion to Islam in the United States, Volume 2: The African American Islamic Renaissance, 1920–1975

4925:"When Japan Was "Champion of the Darker Races": Satokata Takahashi and the Flowering of Black Messianic Nationalism" 3126: 2265: 1002:. Fard and Ugan Ali, who acknowledged leadership of the Allah Temple of Islam but vehemently denied any teaching of 758:

Beynon writes that "With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, became bolder in his denunciation of

5530: 5520: 4740: 3252: 1050: 275: 4657:"Fueron Confiscados $ 5,000.00 Valor de Drogas Heroicas", Heraldo de Mexico, February 17, 1926, 8., cited by Bowen 5525: 4357: 1671: 721:

Fard first appeared in Detroit in 1930; his followers cite July 4, 1930, as the date of his arrival. Acting as a

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Multiple scholars have suggested that Master Fard's teaching of the Tribe of Shabazz may have been tied to the

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sighted in Canada recently, he said, was really the Mother Plane, a vehicle that resembled the description of

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On July 28, 1912, newspapers reported that a house occupied by lunchwagon operator Fred Dadd had caught fire.

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Muhammad, Jabril (1993) This is The One The Most Honored Elijah Muhammad We Need Not Look For Another, Vol. 1

1603:

The Nation of Islam contests the claim that Wallace Fard Muhammad and Wallie Dodd Ford were the same person.

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A marriage certificate dated June 5, 1924, was issued to Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Trevino (or Treviño) in

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while addressing an audience in a rented hall. The following morning, the Chicago judge dismissed charges of

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Ford was arrested by Los Angeles police on November 17, 1918, on a charge of assault with a deadly weapon.

1309: 390: 2235: 5244: 3577: 2978: 1752: 1488:. The next day, Eugene newspapers reported that Fred Mali Dad, a Spaniard, had filed citizenship papers. 418: 4038: 3810: 3185: 1281: 1148:

initially maintained communication with Elijah Muhammad, sending him a letter from the Mexican border.

953: 471: 340: 3082: 1787:, Rodnell Collins (nephew of Malcolm X) and Wilfred Little, indicate that Fard had Pakistani features. 2374: 1675: 1611:

In addition to his assertion that Fard was Ford, Evanzz also said that Fard was once a member of the

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An immigration record dated May 26, 1909 for Wali Fred Dad, restaurateur operating in Eugene, Oregon.

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Fard Muhammad in historical context: An Islamic thread in the American religious and cultural quilt

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Fard's lessons themselves state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon came to Africa, not Mecca.

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door-to-door in Detroit's black section. Fard visited the homes of black families who had recently

531: 490: 333: 154: 3226: 2176: 1464: 1108:

and released Fard. Fard made a third surreptitious visit to Detroit, this time preaching that the

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benefits would follow. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests.

4464: 4151: 4125: 1402: 1033: 466: 286: 5085:'A Seed of Truth': Ahmadiyya Muslim Propagation Networks and the Development of Islam in America 3987: 3962: 3936: 3911: 3885: 3860: 3835: 3500: 2266:"'The Colored Genius': Lucius Lehman and the Californian Roots of Modern African-American Islam" 1579: 1172:

event is held in honor of Fard's birth. In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants.

1011: 961: 428: 309: 244: 4991: 4910: 4894: 4750: 4493: 3715: 3684: 3668: 2974:

The African American Encounter with Japan and China: Black Internationalism in Asia, 1895-1945

925: 5470: 5445: 5269: 4734: 2399: 1569: 1090: 929:

Scholars argue that Fard's movement was influenced by Moorish Science and Jehovah's Witnesses

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Interviews with long-time Nation figures who met him or saw original photos of him, such as

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Mosque, a movement prominent in Pakistan and used translations of the Quran from Pakistanis.

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From interviews with approximately two hundred families who followed Fard, Beynon concluded:

5136: 2540: 2534:

Williams, Armstrong (October 5, 2015). Cusack, Bob; Swanson, Ian; McCafferty, Rory (eds.).

1742: 1699: 1683: 1143: 1105: 456: 400: 214: 20: 663: 635:

teachings to the city's black population. In 1934, he disappeared from public record, and

8: 5340: 4280:"Fact That Day Failed to Settle With Dodd Before Leaving City Does Not Make Him Criminal" 3553: 2545: 2146:

For example, it has been suggested that Wallace Fard of Jasper, Texas, who is listed as "

1820: 1358: 1046: 1015: 957: 835:

by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that fit his

423: 4620: 5430: 5293: 5166: 5158: 4596: 3531: 3341: 3194: 2858: 2710: 2487: 2355: 2277: 1746: 1121: 836: 643: 354: 176: 2194: 996:. "The society cannot be blamed for anything he did," Ali was quoted as saying in the 5399: 5375: 5368: 5348: 5319: 5300: 5273: 5248: 5218: 5191: 5183: 5170: 5121: 5031: 4957: 4941: 4932: 3643: 3544: 3536: 3480: 3358: 3350: 2996: 2986: 2848: 2739: 2700: 2661: 2636: 2611: 2557: 2549: 2504: 2496: 2366: 2358: 2307: 2303: 1730: 1657:

the Moorish-Americans, proclaimed that these people were 'descendants of Morrocans '.

1628: 1535: 1318: 1312: 1165: 774: 304: 224: 4706: 3621: 3201:

would release smaller ships inside its bay that would drop poison bombs on America."

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a. Birth dates attributed to Fard include 1877, 1891, and 1893; the Nation of Islam

5210: 5150: 4953: 4949: 3522: 2968: 2150:" in the 1910 census, might be connected to Wallace Fard Muhammad of 1930s Detroit. 1910: 1593: 1548: 1289:

newspaper that Malcolm X claimed to have started, Farrakhan had a weekly column in

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W. D. Fard mugshot on May 25, 1933, after he was arrested for returning to Detroit.

1049:; he pleaded guilty, but his bizarre courtroom behavior convinced witnesses of his 998: 897: 832: 797: 580: 438: 433: 281: 269: 229: 137: 5420: 2660:. North-Carolina, United States: University of North Carolina Press. p. 186. 19:

This article is about the founder of the Nation of Islam. Not to be confused with

5334: 5263: 4645: 4013: 3570:"Jay Z Teaches Drake A Lesson On Jay Electronica's 'We Made It': What We Learned" 3424: 2972: 2699:. North-Carolina, United States: University of North Carolina Press. p. 30. 2635:. North Carolina, United States: University of North Carolina Press. p. 18. 1734: 1333: 1252:

I said - 'Mama, tell me what Mr. Fard told you all. Did he tell you he was God?'

1189: 1157: 1081: 1003: 993: 636: 621: 521: 347: 314: 249: 219: 204: 162: 78: 55: 5390: 813:, who assigned surnames El and Bey; the term "slave name" was used by the MSTA. 5336:

Finding W.D. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam

4635:

1920 Federal U.S. Census, Los Angeles City, Enumeration District 206, Sheet 10B

1804:

Finding W.D. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam

1784: 1639: 1592:

on June 12, 1926. According to San Quentin records, Wallie D. Ford was born in

1134: 1116: 1094: 1054: 806: 766: 385: 380: 239: 181: 5214: 3453: 3402:

Muhammad, Elijah (1964), Historic 1964 Buzz Anderson Interview, The Final Call

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had noticed the pattern of dropouts and alerted authorities. On March 27, the

5439: 5083: 4961: 3540: 3362: 3354: 3337:"Louis Farrakhan says billionaires 'paying off' black preachers, politicians" 2553: 2508: 2500: 2362: 2311: 2127:

Beynon stated that Fard's position on human sacrifice "was never made clear."

1653: 1616: 3000: 2897: 2747: 2743: 2561: 2370: 967: 5358: 5283: 5195: 4601: 3548: 3332: 3019:"W.D. Fard's Bible of Islamism Identified: A Century-Old Mystery is Solved" 3004: 2478: 2453:"W.D. Fard's Bible of Islamism Identified: A Century-Old Mystery is Solved" 1825: 1726: 1708: 1704: 1703:

newspaper, stating that Fard was a "Turkish-born Nazi agent who worked for

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In 2007, the Nation of Islam had an estimated membership of 20,000–50,000.

1019: 1007: 759: 734: 722: 628:

in 1930 with an ambiguous background and several aliases, and proselytized

508: 234: 3525:(February 26, 2007). Sulzberger, A.G.; Baquet, Dean; Kahn, Joseph (eds.). 2344:

Kavanaugh, Kelli B. (March 5, 2003). Williams, Ron; Heron, W. Kim (eds.).

1321:, in which Fard's Detroit Temple No. 1 is the setting for several scenes. 1180: 4520:"Did W.D. Fard have a son with Pearl Allen? A century old mystery solved" 3305: 2350: 2213: 1914: 1620: 1552: 1544: 1485: 1449: 1042: 1023: 876:

he himself said: 'My name is W. D. Fard and I came from the Holy City of

801: 461: 5295:

A History of the Nation of Islam: Race, Islam, and the Quest for Freedom

2483:"Nation of Islam resonates in Detroit as it returns home for convention" 896:

The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost

690: 516: 39: 5187: 5178:

Bontemps, Arna; Conroy, Jack (1945). "Beloved and scattered millions".

5162: 4648:: accessed January 5, 2013), Wallie Dodd Ford and Carmen Frevino, 1924. 3685:

Appendices: A. Reported Aliases of the Messenger and of Wallace D. Ford

2728:

Dickerson, Debra (January 6, 2000). Talbot, David; Keane, Erin (eds.).

2231: 1831: 1416: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1268: 655: 4618: 1606: 4945: 2847:. North-Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 7–17. 2734: 2226: 1774: 1715: 1161: 1109: 671: 629: 486: 209: 1391: 659: 5154: 3181: 1791: 1341: 1328:

songs. Artists who have made references within their music include

1222:

discontinued the annual Savior's Day celebration in honor of Fard.

1075: 824: 752: 667: 4978:

FBI File Director, FBI (25-330971) at 258, SAC Chicago (100-35635)

2001:

Claimed his parents "Zaradodd Ford" and "Babbjie" were natives of

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Allen Jr., Ernest (December 21, 1994). Chude-Sokei, Louis (ed.).

4864:

FBI File Director FBI (105-63642) at 248, SAC Chicago (100-33683)

3346: 3198: 2492: 2147: 1738: 1325: 909: 793: 647: 632: 625: 476: 4571:""Fred's" Night Lunch Brought by Councilman Macy at Forced Sale" 2902: 2900: 972: 800:. As part of their initiation into the group, Fard bestowed new 4965: 2273: 2002: 1808: 1790:

Early teachings from Fard indicated a distrust and disdain for

1573: 1375: 1279:

In 1979, Farrakhan's group founded a weekly newspaper entitled

1053:. On December 6, three psychiatrists testified that Harris was 861: 820: 675: 1811:

or extremist Shia Islam best fits with what is known of Fard.

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Dodd moved to Los Angeles, using the name Wallie Dodd Ford. A

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Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows:

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Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a

651: 595: 5426:

Historical Analysis of FBI's COINTELPRO AND W. Fard Muhammad

4818:

FBI File SAC (100-26356) at 451–473, SAC Chicago (100-33683)

3707: 3705: 3454:"Louis Farrakhan & Warith Deen Muhammad Discuss WD Fard" 1097:. The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. 1018:. A judge agreed, and both Fard and Ugan Ali were placed in 3209: 3207: 2033:

Claimed his parents were Zared and Beatrice Ford of Hawaii

982: 831:

poor blacks, selling them new Muslim names and stirring up

586: 5010: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 1347: 3737: 3189: 2674: 5060: 4707:"The U.S. Government's targeting of the Nation of Islam" 3793: 3791: 3778: 3776: 3204: 2844:

The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam

2696:

The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam

2658:

The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam

2633:

The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam

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On August 15, 1959, the FBI sent a story to the Chicago

1078:. He was again released and ordered to depart the city. 3100: 3051: 745: 5268:(3 ed.). New York City, New York, United States: 2610:. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 22–26. 1491: 842: 5092: 4686: 4082: 3788: 3773: 1615:, citing as a primary source the 1945 publication by 1459: 1091:

Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class

583: 4332:"Fred Dodd Is Indicted on Charge of Attacking Woman" 3912:"Fred, the Turk, had to abandon his tamale wagon..." 3749: 3501:"Farrakhan continues Hon. Elijah Muhammad's mission" 2432: 1832:

Records purportedly related to Wallace Fard Muhammad

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She further testified that she had been taught that

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The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad

4826: 4824: 4306:"DODD WILL HAVE HEARING FRIDAY ON STATUTORY CHARGE" 4065:"Fred Mali Dad, a Spaniard, yesterday afternoon..." 3282: 3083:"Coverage Of "The Voodoo Murders" — Mythic Detroit" 1714:After the story was published, Elijah Muhammad and 1607:

Potential link to Moorish Science Temple of America

1324:Fard and his teachings are also referenced in many 1285:, which was intended to be similar to the original 1216: 589: 5367: 5292: 4255:"The police committee reported on the petition..." 3761: 3552: 769:and self-pride to poor Southern blacks during the 5137:"The Voodoo Cult among Negro migrants in Detroit" 3963:"Fred, the Turk who runs the hot tamale stand..." 3622:"Brand Nubian - Wake Up (Reprise in the Sunrise)" 1665: 1237:And I told him that I could more readily believe 1100:On September 25, Fard was arrested in Chicago by 5481:Members of the Moorish Science Temple of America 5437: 4821: 3861:"Fred, the Turk, has moved his lunch counter..." 3527:"Nation of Islam at a crossroad as leader exits" 1381: 639:succeeded him as leader of the Nation of Islam. 5398:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. 4940:(1). San Francisco, California, United States: 2536:"The Nation of Islam could be Chicago's savior" 2270:The Graduate Journal of Harvard Divinity School 2095:List of people who have been considered deities 1631:for this proposition as well. In his 1962 book 1583:Wallie D. Ford at San Quentin on June 12, 1926. 1069:Fard in exile and the Nation of Islam (1932–34) 968:"Voodoo Murder" drives Fard from Detroit (1932) 5177: 4762: 4646:https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/K8FM-5FP 4178:"An unfavorable report was made last night..." 3398: 3396: 3278: 3276: 3274: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2212:Knight, Michael Muhammad (February 26, 2013). 916:". Fard wrote the following for his followers: 5241:Black Nationalism: the Search for an Identity 5077: 5075: 3448: 3446: 3335:; Delgado, Anjanette; Hill, James G. (eds.). 2817: 2815: 2813: 2800: 2798: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2589: 2587: 2481:; Delgado, Anjanette; Hill, James G. (eds.). 2450: 2422: 2420: 2195:"Wallace D. Fard – American religious leader" 1721:According to the FBI, Fard was linked to the 1633:Black Nationalism: The Search for an Identity 539: 4619:U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). 3811:"Fred Walldad, the Turkish tamale vender..." 1519:On May 9, 1914, Dodd married Pearl Allen in 1195:A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: 1059:Ionia State Hospital for the Criminal Insane 681: 5238: 4785: 4773: 4705:Muhammad, Dr. Wesley (September 12, 2018). 3836:"Ed Small has built a portable building..." 3521: 3425:"U.S. Muslims Closer to Uniting With Islam" 3393: 3271: 2869: 2339: 2337: 1981:1924 marriage certificate to Carmen Trevino 1176:Continued deification under Elijah Muhammad 5081: 5072: 3600:"Jay Z & Jay Electronica - We Made It" 3535:. New York City, New York, United States. 3443: 2966: 2810: 2795: 2778: 2584: 2417: 2230:. New York City, New York, United States: 1690:, fingerprints and photographs taken from 1531:Wallie Dodd Ford, Los Angeles restaurateur 546: 532: 44:Official portrait from the Nation of Islam 5003:"Black Muslim Founder Exposed As White", 4922: 4867: 4433: 4431: 3474: 2969:"4. The Rise of the Black Internationale" 2727: 2608:Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam 2343: 1432:Learn how and when to remove this message 1138:again seen by most residents of Detroit. 1112:would soon be destroyed by poison bombs. 97:Uncertain, tradition claims February 26, 5388: 5365: 5316:The True History of Master Fard Muhammad 4704: 4614: 4612: 4517: 3285:"Finding W.D. Fard - John Andrew Morrow" 3245: 2954: 2942: 2930: 2906: 2892: 2533: 2334: 2302:(PhD). Washington, D.C., United States: 1578: 1534: 1463: 1267: 1179: 1080: 1032: 971: 924: 5203:Bowen, Patrick D. (2017). "W.D. Fard". 3567: 3330: 2476: 2297: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 1348:Efforts to trace Fard's origin and fate 5438: 5332: 5290: 5261: 5134: 5118:Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Fard 5066: 5050: 5028:Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Fard 4987: 4906: 4890: 4797: 4746: 4730: 4622:FBI Documents on Wallace Fard Muhammad 4524:Berkeley Institute for Islamic Studies 4505: 4489: 4428: 4384:"FRED DODD HELD NOT GUILTY OF ASSAULT" 4088: 3797: 3782: 3767: 3755: 3743: 3727: 3711: 3680: 3664: 3387: 3213: 3177: 3113: 3069: 3057: 2918: 2840: 2821: 2804: 2789: 2768: 2692: 2655: 2630: 2605: 2593: 2578: 2457:Berkeley Institute for Islamic Studies 2426: 2411: 2395: 2324: 2298:Fanusie, Fatimah Abdul-Tawwab (2008). 2211: 2177:"N.O.I. Founder, Wallace D. Fard born" 1800:Chameleon: The True Story of W.D. Fard 1741:peoples, and to senior members of the 5313: 5202: 5135:Beynon, Erdmann Doane (May 1, 1938). 5115: 5098: 5025: 4692: 4609: 3419: 3417: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2680: 2451:Andrew Morrow, John (June 20, 2023). 2438: 2400:Chapter 2. W.D. Fard: Religious Roots 2263: 1760: 1723:Pacific Movement of the Eastern World 1303: 1010:David Clark, who recommended they be 787: 5243:. Chicago, Illinois, United States: 4518:Muhammad, Bilal (January 14, 2024). 3592: 3345:. Detroit, Michigan, United States: 3331:Warikoo, Niraj (February 23, 2020). 2491:. Detroit, Michigan, United States: 2477:Warikoo, Niraj (February 23, 2020). 2354:. Detroit, Michigan, United States: 2264:Bowen, Patrick D. (March 21, 2013). 2250: 1814: 1414:adding citations to reliable sources 1385: 792:Fard taught his followers to reject 746:Bible study leader at house churches 685: 5476:Founders of new religious movements 5209:. Boston: Brill. pp. 240–276. 5005:Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner 4875:"Wallace Fard Muhammed Part 2 of 7" 3283:Bilal's Boulder (August 13, 2019). 2544:. Washington, D.C., United States: 1876:April 20, 1914 Marriage Certificate 1753:Los Angeles Evening Herald-Examiner 1492:Fred Dodd/Dadd, Salem tamale vendor 843:Leader of the Allah Temple of Islam 728: 13: 5370:Message to the Blackman in America 4877:. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 4014:"The petition of Fred the Turk..." 3644:"Chino XL ft. Rass Kass - Riiiot!" 3414: 3153:"Banished Leader of Cult Arrested" 2983:University of North Carolina Press 2827: 2222:"Remembering Master Fard Muhammad" 1460:Fred Walldad, Eugene tamale vendor 936:Message to the Blackman in America 362:Message to the Blackman in America 14: 5547: 5506:Religious leaders from California 5501:People convicted of drug offenses 5491:Nation of Islam religious leaders 5414: 4830:FBI File SAC LA (105–4805) at 135 3479:. Random House Publishing Group. 2981:, North Carolina, United States: 1922:Restaurant owner in Los Angeles. 1733:which promoted the idea that the 1613:Moorish Science Temple of America 1264:Restoration under Louis Farrakhan 811:Moorish Science Temple of America 5486:Missing person cases in Michigan 5318:. Secretaries MEMPS Ministries. 5182:. Doubleday, Doran and Company. 5088:(MA thesis). Harvard University. 5019: 4997: 4972: 4916: 4858: 4833: 4812: 4803: 4791: 4779: 4767: 4756: 4698: 4669: 4660: 4651: 4638: 4629: 4589: 4563: 4537: 4511: 4499: 4457: 4402: 4376: 4152:"FOREIGNER LEARNS AMERICAN GAME" 3866:. September 12, 1908. p. 12 3227:"Voodooist Cult Revived in City" 2276:, Massachusetts, United States: 1539:Wallie Dodd Ford mugshot in 1926 1390: 1217:Demotion by Warith Deen Mohammed 689: 579: 515: 502: 276:Nation of Islam and antisemitism 132: 111:Religious and political activist 38: 5511:Religious leaders from Michigan 5108: 4350: 4324: 4298: 4286:. September 12, 1913. p. 8 4272: 4247: 4221: 4195: 4170: 4144: 4126:"MIDNIGHT BLAZE ON HIGH STREET" 4118: 4106: 4094: 4057: 4031: 4006: 3980: 3955: 3943:. September 18, 1908. p. 5 3929: 3917:. September 15, 1908. p. 8 3904: 3892:. September 12, 1908. p. 5 3878: 3853: 3828: 3803: 3690: 3636: 3614: 3568:Markman, Rob (March 24, 2014). 3561: 3515: 3493: 3468: 3405: 3381: 3324: 3298: 3219: 3171: 3145: 3127:"Voodoo's Reign Here Is Broken" 3119: 3075: 3063: 3039:. November 24, 1932. p. 20 3025: 3011: 2960: 2948: 2936: 2924: 2912: 2721: 2686: 2649: 2624: 2599: 2572: 2527: 2470: 2444: 2405: 2140: 2130: 2121: 1672:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1401:needs additional citations for 933:In Elijah Muhammad's 1965 book 606:; reportedly born February 26, 5496:New religious movement deities 4954:10.1080/00064246.1994.11413118 4809:FBI File SAC (25-20607) at 476 4675:FBI report CG 100-3386, p. 2. 4577:. December 19, 1915. p. 4 4551:. November 23, 1915. p. 4 4471:. December 27, 1914. p. 5 4445:. November 14, 1914. p. 5 3841:. September 8, 1908. p. 8 3699:, cited by Morrow and by Bowen 3477:The Autobiography of Malcolm X 2291: 2205: 2187: 2169: 2107: 2090:List of people who disappeared 1666:FBI's public claims about Fard 1372:Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar 1156:Fard influenced his successor 1057:, and he was committed to the 16:Founder of the Nation of Islam 1: 5345:Cambridge Scholars Publishing 5142:American Journal of Sociology 5026:Arian, A.K. (April 4, 2017). 4683:; retrieved October 14, 2015. 4045:. February 3, 1909. p. 5 4019:. December 7, 1908. p. 8 3994:. November 3, 1908. p. 5 3968:. October 27, 1908. p. 8 3669:Chapter 3: Who Was W.D. Fard? 3253:"Girl Recounts Lore of Islam" 3133:. December 7, 1932. p. 7 2157: 2050: 2024: 1992: 1966: 1939: 1888: 1382:Potential link to Khan family 781:American Journal of Sociology 614: 607: 98: 5461:20th-century apocalypticists 5456:19th-century apocalypticists 5333:Morrow, John Andrew (2019). 4416:. August 30, 1914. p. 5 3654:– via www.youtube.com. 3632:– via www.youtube.com. 3610:– via www.youtube.com. 3464:– via www.youtube.com. 3294:– via www.youtube.com. 2967:Gallicchio, Marc S. (2000). 2863:10.5149/9781469633947_taylor 2715:10.5149/9781469633947_taylor 2162: 1975:Father identifies as white. 773:at a time when old ideas of 765:Fard taught a form of black 391:Muhammad University of Islam 7: 5343:, England, United Kingdom: 5291:Gibson, Dawn-Marie (2012). 5245:University of Chicago Press 5055:Chapter 1: Issues of Origin 5016:FBI File SAC (25-330971-26) 4666:FBI File SAC (100-43165-16) 4585:– via newspapers.com. 4559:– via newspapers.com. 4479:– via newspapers.com. 4453:– via newspapers.com. 4424:– via newspapers.com. 4398:– via newspapers.com. 4390:. April 22, 1914. p. 6 4372:– via newspapers.com. 4364:. April 22, 1914. p. 5 4346:– via newspapers.com. 4338:. March 23, 1914. p. 1 4320:– via newspapers.com. 4294:– via newspapers.com. 4268:– via newspapers.com. 4243:– via newspapers.com. 4217:– via newspapers.com. 4209:. April 29, 1913. p. 4 4191:– via newspapers.com. 4166:– via newspapers.com. 4158:. August 9, 1912. p. 5 4140:– via newspapers.com. 4078:– via newspapers.com. 4053:– via newspapers.com. 4039:"Fred, The Turk, Sells Out" 4002:– via newspapers.com. 3976:– via newspapers.com. 3951:– via newspapers.com. 3925:– via newspapers.com. 3900:– via newspapers.com. 3874:– via newspapers.com. 3849:– via newspapers.com. 3824:– via newspapers.com. 3816:. March 23, 1908. p. 8 3439:– via newspapers.com. 3431:. April 25, 1977. p. 5 3267:– via newspapers.com. 3259:. April 26, 1934. p. 1 3241:– via newspapers.com. 3233:. March 27, 1934. p. 1 3167:– via newspapers.com. 3141:– via newspapers.com. 3047:– via newspapers.com. 2841:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). 2693:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). 2656:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). 2631:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). 2606:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017). 2329:Chapter 1. Issues of Origin 2083: 1340:in the song "Wake Up", and 1041:On November 25, Harris was 887: 419:American Society of Muslims 10: 5552: 5466:1930s missing person cases 5374:. Muhammad's Temple No 2. 5239:Essien-Udom, E.U. (1995). 4763:Bontemps & Conroy 1945 4312:. March 5, 1914. p. 4 4260:. June 24, 1913. p. 3 4235:. June 17, 1913. p. 3 4183:. April 8, 1913. p. 8 4132:. July 28, 1912. p. 1 3186:unidentified flying object 3159:. May 26, 1933. p. 10 1627:. Authors have also cited 1486:King Alphonso XII of Spain 1364:Freedom of Information Act 1336:in the song "We Made It", 1141:On November 24, 1932, the 954:Joseph Franklin Rutherford 620:), was the founder of the 472:Peace Movement of Ethiopia 18: 5366:Muhammad, Elijah (1965). 5215:10.1163/9789004354371_008 5030:(1 ed.). Xis Books. 4070:. May 27, 1909. p. 8 2773:Foreword by Dennis Walker 2181:African American Registry 1765:Karl Evanzz, in his book 1676:United States Coast Guard 1563:1920 United States Census 1151: 771:Great Northward Migration 682:Fard in Detroit (1930–34) 144: 131: 127: 119: 115: 107: 93: 88: 84: 72: 61: 53: 49: 37: 30: 5421:FBI file on Wallace Fard 4677:"FBI report CG 100-3386" 4229:"Says Police Bother Him" 3886:"Moved His Tamale Stand" 2356:Euclid Media Group, LLC. 2100: 1845:Reported Place of Birth 1737:was the champion of all 1688:Iliff School of Theology 1590:San Quentin State Prison 1521:Multnomah County, Oregon 1184:Elijah Muhammad in 1964. 491:Your Black Muslim Bakery 334:A Torchlight for America 5531:Muslims from California 5521:Deified American people 5389:Muhammad, Fard (1993). 4494:18. Keys to the Kingdom 4115:(subscription required) 4103:(subscription required) 3716:18. Keys to the Kingdom 2199:Encyclopedia Britannica 1948:Living in Los Angeles. 1773:Fard spent time at the 1588:months to six years at 1272:Louis Farrakhan in 2018 467:New Black Panther Party 5526:Self-declared messiahs 5262:Evanzz, Karl (2011) . 4681:FBI Records: The Vault 4545:"FRED ON HIS VACATION" 4439:"Arrested for Larceny" 4358:"Tamale Man Acquitted" 1954:1920 birth certificate 1848:Reported Date of Birth 1659: 1645: 1584: 1540: 1469: 1344:in the song "Riiiot!" 1273: 1261: 1202: 1185: 1086: 1038: 977: 946: 930: 923: 902: 882: 733:Fard began by selling 658:Extremism, as well as 429:United Nation of Islam 310:Millions More Movement 5536:Muslims from Michigan 5314:Hakim, Nasir (1996). 4203:"Fred Dodd Complains" 3730:, pp. XVI–XVII, 3429:Hawaii Tribune-Herald 3306:"About Saviours' Day" 3087:www.mythicdetroit.org 3033:"HERE'S MY AUTHORITY" 2750:on September 12, 2021 1727:pro-Japanese movement 1649: 1637: 1635:, Essien-Udom wrote: 1582: 1570:Santa Ana, California 1538: 1467: 1271: 1231: 1197: 1183: 1168:thinkers. The annual 1125:proclaimed that the " 1084: 1036: 975: 941: 928: 918: 894: 869: 823:who used mystery and 723:door-to-door salesman 559:Wallace Fard Muhammad 482:Church of Scientology 451:Related organizations 396:Muslim Girls Training 200:Wallace Fard Muhammad 32:Wallace Fard Muhammad 5431:Master Fard Muhammad 5116:Arian, A.K. (2017). 4909:, pp. 105–108, 4893:, pp. 204–205, 3714:, pp. 409–414, 3667:, pp. 111–155, 3369:on November 24, 2021 2683:, pp. 241, 256. 2067:Master Fard Muhammad 1743:Black Dragon Society 1684:University of Denver 1410:improve this article 1310:appears in the novel 1144:Escanaba Daily Press 1106:disturbing the peace 848:were conducted. The 575:Master Fard Muhammad 457:Black Dragon Society 401:Star Chamber Academy 263:Beliefs and theology 215:Warith Deen Mohammed 21:Warith Deen Mohammed 5516:Self-declared mahdi 5451:19th-century births 5341:Newcastle upon Tyne 5082:Aysha Khan (2022). 4992:12. Sons and Lovers 4465:"Dodd Gets Divorce" 4410:"Dodd Files Motion" 4388:The Capital Journal 4336:The Capital Journal 4310:The Capital Journal 4284:The Capital Journal 4258:The Capital Journal 4233:The Capital Journal 4207:The Capital Journal 4181:The Capital Journal 3988:"Hallowe'en Pranks" 3746:, pp. 112–113. 2546:Nexstar Media Group 2377:on January 10, 2022 2351:Detroit Metro Times 2014:1926 prison records 1956:of child with Hazel 1857:1909 naturalization 1821:Wallace D. Muhammad 1513:The Capital Journal 1359:The Washington Post 1047:first-degree murder 1006:, were examined by 962:Jehovah's Witnesses 958:Watch Tower Society 522:Politics portal 424:Five-Percent Nation 413:Offshoots and sects 4597:"FamilySearch.org" 3937:"Paid His License" 3532:The New York Times 3475:Malcolm X (1964). 3390:, pp. 906–907 3342:Detroit Free Press 3257:Detroit Free Press 3231:Detroit Free Press 3216:, pp. 94–102. 3157:Detroit Free Press 3131:Detroit Free Press 3072:, pp. 903–904 3037:Detroit Free Press 2921:, pp. 900–901 2738:. Salon.com, LLC. 2581:, pp. 893–907 2568:on April 18, 2021. 2488:Detroit Free Press 2398:, pp. 36–37, 2278:Harvard University 1761:Theories of origin 1747:Satokata Takahashi 1692:San Quentin Prison 1585: 1541: 1470: 1304:In popular culture 1274: 1186: 1122:Detroit Free Press 1087: 1039: 978: 931: 837:racial supremacist 788:Giver of new names 701:. You can help by 355:How to Eat to Live 177:Satokata Takahashi 140:February 26, 1877. 5381:978-1-929594-01-6 5306:978-0-313-39807-0 5069:, pp. 54–55. 5053:, pp. 1–35, 4942:Boston University 4933:The Black Scholar 4575:Statesman Journal 4549:Statesman Journal 4469:Statesman Journal 4443:Statesman Journal 4414:Statesman Journal 4362:Statesman Journal 4156:Statesman Journal 4130:Statesman Journal 3697:Anyplace But Here 3624:. August 28, 2018 3580:on March 19, 2023 3523:MacFarquhar, Neil 3486:978-0-345-37671-8 3312:. January 3, 2019 3116:, pp. 84–92. 3060:, pp. 84–85. 2854:978-1-4696-3395-4 2706:978-1-4696-3395-4 2667:978-1-4696-3395-4 2642:978-1-4696-3395-4 2617:978-1-4696-3395-4 2515:on April 22, 2021 2414:, pp. 894–95 2327:, pp. 1–35, 2304:Howard University 2238:on April 17, 2021 2081: 2080: 2073:February 26, 1877 2020:Portland, Oregon 1959:Wallace Dodd Ford 1815:Muhammad Abdullah 1731:African Americans 1629:E. U. Essien-Udom 1442: 1441: 1434: 1319:Jeffrey Eugenides 1166:Black nationalist 1164:, and many other 798:white slaveowners 775:scientific racism 719: 718: 577:, among others, ( 556: 555: 305:Million Man March 225:Tynnetta Muhammad 148: 147: 5543: 5409: 5397: 5385: 5373: 5362: 5329: 5310: 5298: 5287: 5258: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5199: 5180:They Seek a City 5174: 5131: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5079: 5070: 5064: 5058: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5023: 5017: 5014: 5008: 5001: 4995: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4929: 4920: 4914: 4904: 4898: 4888: 4879: 4878: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4819: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4788:, pp. 35–36 4786:Essien-Udom 1995 4783: 4777: 4774:Essien-Udom 1995 4771: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4744: 4738: 4735:3. Paradise Lost 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4673: 4667: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4616: 4607: 4606: 4593: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4515: 4509: 4508:, pp. 24–25 4503: 4497: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4068:The Eugene Guard 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4043:Morning Register 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4017:Morning Register 4010: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3992:Morning Register 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3966:Morning Register 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3941:Morning Register 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3915:The Eugene Guard 3908: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3890:Morning Register 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3864:The Eugene Guard 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3839:The Eugene Guard 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3814:The Eugene Guard 3807: 3801: 3795: 3786: 3780: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3725: 3719: 3709: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3678: 3672: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3602:. March 23, 2014 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3576:. Archived from 3565: 3559: 3558: 3557:on May 22, 2013. 3556: 3551:. Archived from 3519: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3450: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3421: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3365:. Archived from 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3280: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3202: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3015: 3009: 3008: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2909:, pp. 16–17 2904: 2895: 2890: 2867: 2866: 2838: 2825: 2819: 2808: 2802: 2793: 2787: 2776: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2746:. Archived from 2725: 2719: 2718: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2564:. Archived from 2531: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2511:. Archived from 2474: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2415: 2409: 2403: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2373:. Archived from 2341: 2332: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2261: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2234:. Archived from 2209: 2203: 2202: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2173: 2151: 2144: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2125: 2119: 2118:in Saudi Arabia. 2111: 2055: 2052: 2029: 2026: 1997: 1994: 1988:Native of Oregon 1985:Wallie Dodd Ford 1971: 1968: 1944: 1941: 1907:Wallie Dodd Fard 1893: 1890: 1836: 1835: 1625:They Seek A City 1594:Portland, Oregon 1437: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1417: 1394: 1386: 1022:and confined in 898:tribe of Shabazz 833:racial animosity 729:Clothing peddler 714: 711: 693: 686: 624:. He arrived in 619: 616: 612: 609: 605: 604: 601: 600: 597: 594: 591: 588: 585: 561:, also known as 548: 541: 534: 520: 519: 513: 509:Islam portal 507: 506: 505: 439:Nuwaubian Nation 434:Nation of Yahweh 282:Tribe of Shabazz 278: 230:Ishmael Muhammad 150: 149: 135: 103: 100: 89:Personal details 75: 66: 42: 28: 27: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5540: 5436: 5435: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5395: 5382: 5355: 5326: 5307: 5280: 5270:Knopf Doubleday 5255: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5128: 5111: 5106: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5024: 5020: 5015: 5011: 5007:, July 28, 1963 5002: 4998: 4990:, p. 264, 4986: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4927: 4921: 4917: 4911:5. Bitter Fruit 4905: 4901: 4895:10. Compromised 4889: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4784: 4780: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4757: 4749:, p. 673, 4745: 4741: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4711:Nation of Islam 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4674: 4670: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4617: 4610: 4595: 4594: 4590: 4580: 4578: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4516: 4512: 4504: 4500: 4492:, p. 399, 4488: 4484: 4474: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4448: 4446: 4437: 4436: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4048: 4046: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3995: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3789: 3781: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3742: 3738: 3726: 3722: 3710: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3683:, p. 445, 3679: 3675: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3646:. April 5, 2022 3642: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3566: 3562: 3520: 3516: 3506: 3504: 3503:. Finalcall.com 3499: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3452: 3451: 3444: 3434: 3432: 3423: 3422: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3310:Nation of Islam 3304: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3281: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3205: 3195:Ezekiel's wheel 3176: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3017: 3016: 3012: 2993: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2905: 2898: 2891: 2870: 2855: 2839: 2828: 2820: 2811: 2803: 2796: 2788: 2779: 2771:, p. xii, 2767: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2730:"False prophet" 2726: 2722: 2707: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2654: 2650: 2643: 2629: 2625: 2618: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2585: 2577: 2573: 2532: 2528: 2518: 2516: 2475: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2449: 2445: 2437: 2433: 2425: 2418: 2410: 2406: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2342: 2335: 2323: 2319: 2296: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2262: 2251: 2241: 2239: 2210: 2206: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2154: 2145: 2141: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2086: 2053: 2043:William D. Fard 2027: 1995: 1969: 1942: 1903:1917 draft card 1891: 1834: 1817: 1763: 1735:Empire of Japan 1670:A declassified 1668: 1609: 1533: 1494: 1462: 1438: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1407: 1395: 1384: 1350: 1334:Jay Electronica 1306: 1287:Muhammad Speaks 1266: 1219: 1190:Elijah Muhammad 1188:With regard to 1178: 1158:Elijah Muhammad 1154: 1117:truant officers 1071: 1004:human sacrifice 994:mental hospital 970: 890: 845: 796:inherited from 790: 748: 731: 715: 709: 706: 699:needs expansion 684: 648:Sevener Shi'ism 644:Twelver Shi'ism 637:Elijah Muhammad 622:Nation of Islam 617: 610: 582: 578: 571:Wallace D. Fard 552: 514: 511: 503: 501: 496: 495: 452: 444: 443: 414: 406: 405: 376: 368: 367: 348:Muhammad Speaks 328: 320: 319: 315:Justice or Else 300: 292: 291: 274: 265: 255: 254: 250:Khalid Muhammad 220:Louis Farrakhan 205:Elijah Muhammad 195: 187: 186: 172: 163:Nation of Islam 101: 79:Elijah Muhammad 73: 67: 62: 56:Nation of Islam 45: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5549: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5416: 5415:External links 5413: 5411: 5410: 5405:978-1442165403 5404: 5386: 5380: 5363: 5353: 5330: 5324: 5311: 5305: 5288: 5278: 5259: 5253: 5236: 5223: 5200: 5175: 5155:10.1086/217872 5149:(6): 894–907. 5132: 5127:978-0977911257 5126: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5101:, p. 247. 5091: 5071: 5059: 5043: 5037:978-0977911257 5036: 5018: 5009: 4996: 4980: 4971: 4915: 4899: 4880: 4866: 4857: 4841:"FBI document" 4832: 4820: 4811: 4802: 4790: 4778: 4766: 4755: 4739: 4733:, p. 69, 4723: 4697: 4695:, p. 250. 4685: 4668: 4659: 4650: 4637: 4628: 4608: 4588: 4562: 4536: 4510: 4498: 4482: 4456: 4427: 4401: 4375: 4349: 4323: 4297: 4271: 4246: 4220: 4194: 4169: 4143: 4117: 4105: 4093: 4091:, p. 232. 4081: 4056: 4030: 4005: 3979: 3954: 3928: 3903: 3877: 3852: 3827: 3802: 3800:, p. 280. 3787: 3785:, p. 279. 3772: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3720: 3701: 3689: 3673: 3657: 3635: 3613: 3591: 3560: 3514: 3492: 3485: 3467: 3456:. May 29, 2022 3442: 3413: 3404: 3392: 3380: 3323: 3297: 3270: 3244: 3218: 3203: 3170: 3144: 3118: 3099: 3074: 3062: 3050: 3024: 3010: 2991: 2959: 2947: 2935: 2923: 2911: 2896: 2868: 2853: 2826: 2809: 2794: 2777: 2761: 2720: 2705: 2685: 2673: 2666: 2648: 2641: 2623: 2616: 2598: 2583: 2571: 2526: 2469: 2443: 2441:, p. 297. 2431: 2416: 2404: 2388: 2333: 2317: 2290: 2249: 2204: 2186: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2139: 2129: 2120: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2021: 2018: 2017:Wallie D. Ford 2015: 2011: 2010: 1999: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1936: 1933: 1932:Wallie D. Ford 1930: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1908: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1878:to Pearl Allen 1872: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1833: 1830: 1816: 1813: 1798:The 2017 book 1796: 1795: 1788: 1785:Ozier Muhammad 1781: 1778: 1762: 1759: 1667: 1664: 1640:Noble Drew Ali 1608: 1605: 1532: 1529: 1493: 1490: 1461: 1458: 1440: 1439: 1422:September 2023 1398: 1396: 1389: 1383: 1380: 1349: 1346: 1305: 1302: 1291:The Final Call 1282:The Final Call 1265: 1262: 1218: 1215: 1177: 1174: 1153: 1150: 1095:Fruit of Islam 1070: 1067: 1055:legally insane 1045:on charges of 969: 966: 889: 886: 844: 841: 807:Noble Drew Ali 789: 786: 767:exceptionalism 747: 744: 735:Oriental silks 730: 727: 717: 716: 696: 694: 683: 680: 613:– disappeared 563:W. F. Muhammad 554: 553: 551: 550: 543: 536: 528: 525: 524: 498: 497: 494: 493: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 442: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 415: 412: 411: 408: 407: 404: 403: 398: 393: 388: 386:Muhammad Farms 383: 381:Fruit of Islam 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 366: 365: 358: 351: 344: 341:The Final Call 337: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 318: 317: 312: 307: 301: 298: 297: 294: 293: 290: 289: 284: 279: 272: 266: 261: 260: 257: 256: 253: 252: 247: 242: 240:David Muhammad 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 196: 193: 192: 189: 188: 185: 184: 182:Noble Drew Ali 179: 173: 170: 169: 166: 165: 159: 158: 146: 145: 142: 141: 129: 128: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 113: 112: 109: 105: 104: 95: 91: 90: 86: 85: 82: 81: 76: 70: 69: 59: 58: 54:Leader of the 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5548: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5441: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5407: 5401: 5394: 5393: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5354:9781527524897 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5331: 5327: 5325:1-884855-78-4 5321: 5317: 5312: 5308: 5302: 5297: 5296: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5279:9780307805201 5275: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5260: 5256: 5254:9780226218533 5250: 5246: 5242: 5237: 5226: 5224:9789004354371 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5120:. Xis Books. 5119: 5114: 5113: 5100: 5095: 5087: 5086: 5078: 5076: 5068: 5063: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5039: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5013: 5006: 5000: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4934: 4926: 4919: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4870: 4861: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4827: 4825: 4815: 4806: 4800:, p. 898 4799: 4794: 4787: 4782: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4759: 4752: 4748: 4743: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4663: 4654: 4647: 4641: 4632: 4624: 4623: 4615: 4613: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4592: 4576: 4572: 4566: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4502: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4470: 4466: 4460: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4432: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4259: 4256: 4250: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4097: 4090: 4085: 4069: 4066: 4060: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4018: 4015: 4009: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3967: 3964: 3958: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3916: 3913: 3907: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3840: 3837: 3831: 3815: 3812: 3806: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3769: 3764: 3758:, p. 59. 3757: 3752: 3745: 3740: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3698: 3693: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3645: 3639: 3623: 3617: 3601: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3502: 3496: 3488: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3455: 3449: 3447: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3418: 3408: 3399: 3397: 3389: 3384: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3334: 3333:Bhatia, Peter 3327: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3286: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3258: 3254: 3248: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3182:impending war 3179: 3174: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3088: 3084: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3059: 3054: 3038: 3034: 3028: 3020: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2992:9780807860687 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2963: 2956: 2955:Muhammad 1993 2951: 2945:, p. 164 2944: 2943:Muhammad 1965 2939: 2932: 2931:Muhammad 1993 2927: 2920: 2915: 2908: 2907:Muhammad 1965 2903: 2901: 2894: 2893:Muhammad 1993 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2824:, p. 902 2823: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2807:, p. 897 2806: 2801: 2799: 2792:, p. 900 2791: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2689: 2682: 2677: 2669: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2644: 2638: 2634: 2627: 2619: 2613: 2609: 2602: 2596:, p. 896 2595: 2590: 2588: 2580: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2530: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2479:Bhatia, Peter 2473: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2440: 2435: 2429:, p. 895 2428: 2423: 2421: 2413: 2408: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2346:"Mystery man" 2340: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2294: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2201:. March 2024. 2200: 2196: 2190: 2182: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2149: 2143: 2133: 2124: 2117: 2110: 2106: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2064:NOI tradition 2063: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1861:Wali Fred Dad 1860: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1829: 1827: 1822: 1812: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1767:The Messenger 1758: 1755: 1754: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1663: 1658: 1655: 1654:Marcus Garvey 1648: 1644: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617:Arna Bontemps 1614: 1604: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1537: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1517: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1489: 1487: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1466: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1445: 1436: 1433: 1425: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1399:This section 1397: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1270: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1182: 1173: 1171: 1170:Saviours' Day 1167: 1163: 1159: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1020:straitjackets 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 1000: 995: 991: 986: 984: 974: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 945: 940: 938: 937: 927: 922: 917: 915: 911: 905: 901: 899: 893: 885: 881: 879: 874: 868: 865: 863: 858: 857:in Detroit." 854: 851: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 817: 814: 812: 808: 803: 799: 795: 785: 783: 782: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 756: 754: 743: 740: 736: 726: 724: 713: 704: 700: 697:This section 695: 692: 688: 687: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 638: 634: 631: 627: 623: 603: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 549: 544: 542: 537: 535: 530: 529: 527: 526: 523: 518: 510: 500: 499: 492: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 454: 448: 447: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 416: 410: 409: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 378: 372: 371: 364: 363: 359: 357: 356: 352: 350: 349: 345: 343: 342: 338: 336: 335: 331: 330: 324: 323: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 302: 296: 295: 288: 285: 283: 280: 277: 273: 271: 270:Saviours' Day 268: 267: 264: 259: 258: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 197: 191: 190: 183: 180: 178: 175: 174: 168: 167: 164: 161: 160: 156: 152: 151: 143: 139: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 96: 92: 87: 83: 80: 77: 71: 65: 60: 57: 52: 48: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 5471:Cult leaders 5446:1870s births 5391: 5369: 5359:Google Books 5357:– via 5335: 5315: 5294: 5284:Google Books 5282:– via 5264: 5240: 5228:. Retrieved 5205: 5179: 5146: 5140: 5117: 5109:Bibliography 5094: 5084: 5062: 5046: 5027: 5021: 5012: 5004: 4999: 4983: 4974: 4964:– via 4937: 4931: 4918: 4902: 4869: 4860: 4848:. Retrieved 4844: 4835: 4814: 4805: 4793: 4781: 4776:, p. 35 4769: 4758: 4742: 4726: 4714:. Retrieved 4710: 4700: 4688: 4680: 4671: 4662: 4653: 4640: 4631: 4621: 4602:FamilySearch 4600: 4591: 4579:. Retrieved 4574: 4565: 4553:. Retrieved 4548: 4539: 4527:. Retrieved 4523: 4513: 4501: 4485: 4473:. Retrieved 4468: 4459: 4447:. Retrieved 4442: 4418:. Retrieved 4413: 4404: 4392:. Retrieved 4387: 4378: 4366:. Retrieved 4361: 4352: 4340:. Retrieved 4335: 4326: 4314:. Retrieved 4309: 4300: 4288:. Retrieved 4283: 4274: 4262:. Retrieved 4257: 4249: 4237:. Retrieved 4232: 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4206: 4197: 4185:. Retrieved 4180: 4172: 4160:. Retrieved 4155: 4146: 4134:. Retrieved 4129: 4120: 4108: 4096: 4084: 4072:. Retrieved 4067: 4059: 4047:. Retrieved 4042: 4033: 4021:. Retrieved 4016: 4008: 3996:. Retrieved 3991: 3982: 3970:. Retrieved 3965: 3957: 3945:. Retrieved 3940: 3931: 3919:. Retrieved 3914: 3906: 3894:. Retrieved 3889: 3880: 3868:. Retrieved 3863: 3855: 3843:. Retrieved 3838: 3830: 3818:. Retrieved 3813: 3805: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3723: 3696: 3692: 3676: 3660: 3648:. Retrieved 3638: 3626:. Retrieved 3616: 3604:. Retrieved 3594: 3582:. Retrieved 3578:the original 3573: 3563: 3554:the original 3530: 3517: 3507:November 16, 3505:. Retrieved 3495: 3476: 3470: 3458:. Retrieved 3433:. Retrieved 3428: 3407: 3383: 3371:. Retrieved 3367:the original 3340: 3326: 3314:. Retrieved 3309: 3300: 3288:. Retrieved 3261:. Retrieved 3256: 3247: 3235:. Retrieved 3230: 3221: 3188: 3173: 3161:. Retrieved 3156: 3147: 3135:. Retrieved 3130: 3121: 3090:. Retrieved 3086: 3077: 3065: 3053: 3041:. Retrieved 3036: 3027: 3013: 3005:Google Books 3003:– via 2973: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2933:, p. 12 2926: 2914: 2843: 2764: 2752:. Retrieved 2748:the original 2733: 2723: 2695: 2688: 2676: 2657: 2651: 2632: 2626: 2607: 2601: 2574: 2566:the original 2539: 2529: 2517:. Retrieved 2513:the original 2486: 2472: 2460:. Retrieved 2456: 2446: 2434: 2407: 2391: 2379:. Retrieved 2375:the original 2349: 2320: 2299: 2293: 2281:. Retrieved 2269: 2240:. Retrieved 2236:the original 2225: 2218:Smith, Shane 2214:Dubuc, Nancy 2207: 2198: 2189: 2180: 2171: 2142: 2132: 2123: 2109: 1935:New Zealand 1919:Feb 26, 1893 1867:Feb 14, 1882 1826:Muhammad Ali 1818: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1766: 1764: 1751: 1720: 1713: 1709:World War II 1700:New Crusader 1698: 1696: 1680:World War II 1669: 1660: 1650: 1646: 1638: 1632: 1624: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1586: 1567: 1560: 1557: 1542: 1525: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1454: 1446: 1443: 1428: 1419: 1408:Please help 1403:verification 1400: 1378:, Pakistan. 1369: 1362:submitted a 1357: 1355: 1351: 1338:Brand Nubian 1323: 1313: 1307: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1155: 1142: 1140: 1131: 1120: 1114: 1102:local police 1099: 1088: 1076:photographed 1072: 1063: 1040: 1028: 1024:padded cells 1014:for further 1008:psychiatrist 999:Detroit News 997: 987: 979: 950:Deliverance! 949: 947: 942: 934: 932: 919: 912:", and the " 906: 903: 895: 891: 883: 870: 866: 859: 855: 846: 818: 815: 802:Muslim names 791: 779: 764: 760:white people 757: 749: 732: 720: 707: 703:adding to it 698: 641: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557: 375:Subsidiaries 360: 353: 346: 339: 332: 327:Publications 235:Ava Muhammad 199: 133: 74:Succeeded by 63: 25: 5299:. Praeger. 5067:Morrow 2019 5051:Morrow 2019 4988:Evanzz 2011 4907:Evanzz 2011 4891:Evanzz 2011 4798:Beynon 1938 4747:Evanzz 2011 4731:Evanzz 2011 4529:January 15, 4506:Gibson 2012 4490:Evanzz 2011 4089:Morrow 2019 3798:Morrow 2019 3783:Morrow 2019 3768:Morrow 2019 3756:Morrow 2019 3744:Evanzz 2011 3728:Evanzz 2011 3712:Evanzz 2011 3681:Evanzz 2011 3665:Morrow 2019 3388:Beynon 1938 3373:January 31, 3214:Evanzz 2011 3178:Evanzz 2011 3114:Evanzz 2011 3070:Beynon 1938 3058:Evanzz 2011 2979:Chapel Hill 2957:, p. 3 2919:Beynon 1938 2822:Beynon 1938 2805:Beynon 1938 2790:Beynon 1938 2769:Morrow 2019 2754:January 31, 2594:Beynon 1938 2579:Beynon 1938 2519:January 31, 2427:Beynon 1938 2412:Beynon 1938 2396:Morrow 2019 2381:January 31, 2325:Morrow 2019 2283:January 31, 2242:January 31, 2054: 1898 2039:1930 census 2028: 1895 1996: 1898 1970: 1894 1962:New Zealand 1943: 1894 1928:1920 census 1915:Afghanistan 1892: 1891 1621:Jack Conroy 1553:Afghanistan 1545:World War I 1450:Balochistan 1016:observation 839:narrative. 618: 1934 611: 1877 462:Black Mafia 171:Influencers 120:Disappeared 102: 1877 5440:Categories 5188:B0007E2JSU 5099:Bowen 2017 4850:August 10, 4716:August 10, 4693:Bowen 2017 4581:August 10, 4555:August 10, 4475:August 10, 4449:August 10, 4420:August 10, 4394:August 10, 4342:August 10, 4316:August 10, 4290:August 10, 4264:August 10, 4239:August 10, 4213:August 10, 4187:August 10, 4162:August 10, 4136:August 10, 4074:August 10, 4049:August 10, 4023:August 10, 3998:August 10, 3947:August 10, 3921:August 10, 3896:August 10, 3870:August 10, 3845:August 10, 3820:August 10, 3460:August 10, 3316:August 10, 3290:August 10, 3263:August 10, 3237:August 10, 3163:August 10, 3137:August 10, 3092:August 10, 3043:August 10, 2681:Bowen 2017 2439:Bowen 2017 2232:Vice Media 2158:References 1864:Hong Kong 1745:, such as 1367:FBI file. 1135:Caucasians 755:preacher. 567:W. D. 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