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stopwatch, Sabine performed thousands of careful measurements (though inaccurate by present standards) of the time required for different frequencies of sounds to decay to inaudibility in the presence of the different materials. He tested reverberation time with several different types of
Oriental rugs inside Fogg Lecture Hall, and with various numbers of people occupying its seats, and found that the body of an average person decreased reverberation time by about as much as six seat cushions. Once the measurements were taken and before morning arrived, everything was quickly replaced in both lecture halls, in order to be ready for classes the next day.
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featured reverberation times of slightly under 1 second. Regarding the Fogg Museum lecture room, Sabine noted that a spoken word remained audible for about 5.5 seconds, or about an additional 12-15 words if the speaker continued talking. Listeners thus contended with a very high degree of resonance and echo. Sabine's work was continued by his cousin
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By studying various rooms judged acoustically optimal for their intended uses, Sabine determined that acoustically appropriate concert halls had reverberation times of 2-2.25 seconds (with shorter reverberation times, a music hall seems too "dry" to the listener), while optimal lecture hall acoustics
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department at
Harvard. (The original Fogg Museum was designed by Richard Morris Hunt and constructed in 1893. After the completion of the present Fogg Museum the building was repurposed for academic use and renamed Hunt Hall in 1935.) The assignment was passed down until it landed on the shoulders
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was considered acoustically excellent. For the next several years, Sabine and his assistants spent each night moving materials between the two lecture halls and testing the acoustics. On some nights they would borrow hundreds of seat cushions from the
Sanders Theater. Using an organ pipe and a
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After graduating, Sabine became an assistant professor of physics at
Harvard in 1889. He became an instructor in 1890 and a member of the faculty in 1892. In 1895, he became an assistant professor and in 1905, he was promoted to professor of physics. In October 1906, he became dean of the
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Using what he discovered, Sabine deployed sound absorbing materials throughout the Fogg
Lecture Hall to cut its reverberation time and reduce the "echo effect." This accomplishment cemented Wallace Sabine's career, and led to his hiring as the acoustical consultant for Boston's
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time, which is still the most important characteristic currently in use for gauging the acoustical quality of a room, as number of seconds required for the intensity of the sound to drop from the starting level, by an amount of 60 dB
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Sabine was able to determine, through the experiments, that a definitive relationship exists between the quality of the acoustics, the size of the chamber, and the amount of absorption surface present. He formally defined the
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to be designed using quantitative acoustics. His acoustic design was successful and
Symphony Hall is generally considered one of the best symphony halls in the world.
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Sabine tackled the problem by trying to determine what made the Fogg
Lecture Hall different from other, acoustically acceptable facilities. In particular, the
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The soundscape of modernity : architectural acoustics and the culture of listening in
America, 1900 - 1933
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https://wayback.archive-it.org/5488/20170330145539/http://hul.harvard.edu/lib/archives/refshelf/cba/c.html
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professor, Sabine. Although considered a popular lecturer by the students, Sabine had never received his
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This article is about the founder of acoustic science. For the composer and organist, see
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Gerrit
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January 10, 1919: Death of
Wallace Sabine, pioneer of architectural acoustics,
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F. Alton Everest, Master Handbook of Acoustics, Fourth Edition, 2001
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390:{\displaystyle T={\frac {V}{A}}\cdot 0.161\,\mathrm {s\,m^{-1}} }
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Sabine's career is the story of the birth of the field of modern
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and did not have any particular background dealing with sound.
298:, was considered an impossible task by the senior staff of the
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620:. Ohio State University Alumni Association. 1923. p. 55.
551:"Biographical Memoir Wallace Clement Ware Sabine 1868-1919"
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Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
504:"National Historic Landmark Nomination: Symphony Hall"
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Christopher Hail, Cambridge Buildings and Architects
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Wallace Clement Sabine was born on June 13, 1868, in
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Reverberation and the Art of Architectural Acoustics
659:"Early history of Riverbank Acoustical Laboratories"
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Hollis Chair of Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy
219:(June 13, 1868 – January 10, 1919) was an American
1039:Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy
815:Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy
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770:American Physical Society News 20, January (2011)
231:, widely considered one of the two or three best
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458:Sabine died on January 11, 1919, at his home in
723:The unit of absorption is sometimes called the
227:. Sabine was the architectural acoustician of
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255:in 1886 at the age of 18. He then attended
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27:American acoustic physicist (1868–1919)
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765:(New York: Dover Publications, 1964)
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582:"Prof W. C. Sabine of Harvard Dead".
450:Sabine had a wife and two daughters.
753:(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002).
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484:of the Acoustical Society of America
701:The Acoustical Foundations of Music
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438:The unit of sound absorption, the
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410:A = the effective absorption area
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235:in the world for its acoustics.
644:"Acoustics Engineering - Sabin"
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792:Mathematics Genealogy Project
762:Collected Papers on Acoustics
617:Ohio State University Monthly
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1034:Harvard University faculty
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442:, was named in his honor.
404:T = the reverberation time
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588:: 2. January 11, 1919.
549:Hall, Edwin H. (1924).
509:. National Park Service
292:architectural acoustics
225:architectural acoustics
931:Wallace Clement Sabine
923:Benjamin Osgood Peirce
808:Benjamin Osgood Peirce
788:Wallace Clement Sabine
530:Cite journal requires
421:Riverbank Laboratories
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229:Boston's Symphony Hall
217:Wallace Clement Sabine
43:Wallace Clement Sabine
460:Boston, Massachusetts
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259:and graduated with a
253:Ohio State University
122:Ohio State University
703:. New York: Norton.
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55:Photograph of Sabine
32:Wallace Arthur Sabin
1044:American physicists
407:V = the room volume
268:Annie W. S. Siebert
204:Annie W. S. Siebert
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154:Scientific career
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663:Cryptologia
472:Akoustolith
423:from 1919.
303:of a young
110:Nationality
1003:Categories
819:1914–1919
602:Q116476158
489:References
239:Early life
67:1868-06-13
683:0161-1194
594:0743-1791
477:Acoustics
379:−
362:⋅
263:in 1888.
221:physicist
200:Relatives
164:Acoustics
719:68-54957
699:(1969).
598:Wikidata
513:June 26,
466:See also
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206:(sister)
145:Children
113:American
75:Richwood
938:Vacant
790:at the
419:at the
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300:physics
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554:(PDF)
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454:Death
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365:0.161
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