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1361:(founded in 1649) to Christianize the natives. They bought land for the Gay Head natives who had lived there since before 1642. There was considerable dispute about how the land should be cultivated, as the colony had leased the better sections to the whites at low interest. The original goal of creating an undisturbed center for missionary work was quickly forgotten. The state finally created a reservation on a peninsula on the western point of Martha's Vineyard and named it Gay Head. This region was connected to the main island by an isthmus; it enabled the isolation desired by the Wampanoag. In 1849 they had 2,400 acres (9.7 km) there, of which 500 acres were distributed among the tribe members. The rest was communal property. In contrast to the other reservation groups, the tribe had no guardian or headman. When they needed advice on legal questions, they asked the guardian of the Chappaquiddick Reservation, but other matters they handled themselves. The band used
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1790, 1834, 1870, and 1970, or at any time between 1666 and 1970." In his opinion, an Indian tribe was "an entity composed of persons of
American Indian descent, which entity possesses distinct political, legal, cultural attributes, which attributes have descended directly from aboriginal precursors." Without accounting for cultural change, adaptation, and the effects of non-Indian society, Hutchins argued the Mashpee were not an Indian tribe historically because they adopted Christianity and non-Indian forms of dress and appearance, and chose to remain in Massachusetts as "second-class" citizens rather than emigrating westward (note: to Indian Territory) to "resume tribal existence." Hutchins also noted that they intermarried with non-Indians to create a "non-white" or "colored" community. Hutchins appeared to require unchanged culture, including maintenance of a traditional religion and essentially total social autonomy from non-Indian society."
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missionaries, who wanted to establish patriarchal family and societal structures among them. Women had control of property, and inheritance and descent passed through their line, including hereditary leadership for men. Wampanoag women on Martha's
Vineyard were the spiritual leaders of their households. In general, English ministers agreed that it was preferable for women to subvert the patriarchal model and assume a dominant spiritual role than it was for their husbands to remain unconverted. Experience Mayhew asked, "How can those Wives answer it unto God who do not Use their utmost Endeavors to Perswade and oblige their husbands to maintain Prayer in their families?" In some cases, Wampanoag women converts accepted changed gender roles under colonial custom, while others practiced their traditional roles of shared power as Christians.
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to try to control white encroachment on the reservation; some stole wood from its forests. A large region, once rich in wood, fish, and game, it was considered highly desirable by the whites. With competition between whites and the
Wampanoag, conflicts were more frequent than for more isolated native settlements elsewhere in the state. In 1870, each member of the Mashpee tribe over the age of 18 was granted 60 acres of land for private ownership, effectively dismantling the thousands of acres of common tribal lands, and by 1871, non-Mashpee land ownership of the choicest portions of land purchased from impoverished Mashpee, leading to significant loss of Mashpee land ownership.
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1302:. In 1660, the colonists allotted the natives about 50 square miles (130 km) there, and beginning in 1665 they had self-government, adopting an English-style court of law and trials. Mashpee sachems Wepquish and Tookenchosin declared in 1665 that this land would not be able to be sold to non-Mashpee without the unanimous consent of the tribe, writing "We freely give these lands forementioned unto the South Sea Indians and their children forever: and not to be sold or given away from them by anyone without all their consents thereunto."
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1335:. The Chappaquiddick Reservation was part of a small island of the same name and was located on the eastern point of that island. As the result of the sale of land in 1789, the natives lost valuable areas, and the remaining land was distributed among the Indian residents in 1810. In 1823 the laws were changed, in order to hinder those trying to get rid of the natives and to implement a visible beginning of a civic organization. Around 1849, they owned 692 acres (2.80 km) of infertile land, and many of the residents moved to nearby
1488:. This first powwow was held at the New Light Baptist Church, at the time called Pondville Church, in Pondville, Massachusetts. The Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council was established in 1972 under the leadership of its first president, Russell "Fast Turtle" Peters. In 1974 the Council petitioned the Bureau of Indian Affairs for recognition. In 1976 the tribe sued the Town of Mashpee for the return of ancestral homelands. The case was lost but the tribe continued to pursue federal recognition for three decades.
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1314:, the state revoked the Wampanoag ability to self-govern, considering it a failure. It appointed a supervisory committee consisting of five European-American members, with no Wampanoag. In 1834, the state returned a certain degree of self-government to the First Nations People, and although the First Nations People were far from autonomous, they continued in this manner. To support assimilation, in 1842 the state violated the
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748:" (maize, climbing beans, and squash) as the staples of their diet, supplemented by fish and game caught by the men. Each community had authority over a well-defined territory from which the people derived their livelihood through a seasonal round of fishing, planting, harvesting, and hunting. Southern New England was populated by various tribes, so hunting grounds had strictly defined boundaries.
848:. Neal Salisbury and Colin G. Calloway suggest that New England Indian communities suffered from gender imbalances at this time due to premature male deaths, especially due to warfare and their work in the hazardous trades of whaling and shipping. They posit that many Wampanoag women married outside their linguistic groups, making it difficult for them to maintain the various Wampanoag dialects.
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casino lobbying efforts. Marshall was succeeded by tribal council vice- chair Shawn
Hendricks. He held the position until Marshall pleaded guilty in 2009 to federal charges of embezzling, wire fraud, mail fraud, tax evasion and election finance law violations. He steered tens of thousands of dollars in illegal campaign contributions to politicians through the tribe's hired lobbyist
1041:. Eliot and his colleagues hoped that the Indians would adopt practices such as monogamous marriage, agriculture, and jurisprudence. The high levels of epidemics among the Indians may have motivated some conversions. Salisbury suggests that the survivors suffered a type of spiritual crisis because their medical and religious leaders had been unable to prevent the epidemic losses.
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1662:. The Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs lists several Wampanoag heritage groups under "Native American Resource Information," but the Commission itself lacks the authority to formally recognize any group claiming to be Native American, as state recognition is beyond the scope of the Commission outlined in Executive Order 126 and Massachusetts General Laws.
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the further expansion of colonial settlements. The
Wampanoag numbered only 1,000, and Philip began to visit other tribes to build alliances among those who also wanted to push out the colonists. At that time, the population colonists in southern New England was already more than double that of the Indians, at 35,000 to 15,000. In 1671, Philip was called to
1642:, an Aquinnah Wampanoag tribal historian and potter, served as the President of the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head from 1978 to 1987. The Aquinnah Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head won federal recognition from the United States government during her tenure. Under Widdis, the Aquinnah Wampanoag also acquired the Herring Creek, the
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of tribe members who tried to investigate. A challenge to
Cromwell's election by defeated candidates following allegations of tampering with voting and enrollment records was filed with the Tribal Court, and Cromwell's administration has been hampered by a series of protest by Elders over casino-related finances.
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socio-political, economic, and spiritual roles in their communities. Wampanoag men were mainly responsible for hunting and fishing, while women took care of farming and gathering wild fruits, nuts, berries, and shellfish. Women were responsible for up to 75 percent of all food production in
Wampanoag societies.
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when it illegally allocated plots from 2,000 acres (8.1 km) of their communal 13,000 acres (53 km), to be distributed in 60-acre (240,000 m) parcels to each household for subsistence farming, although New
England communities were adopting other types of economies. The state passed laws
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to the position of council chair and president. Cromwell ran a campaign based on reforms and distancing himself from the previous chairmen, even though he had served as a councilor for the prior six years during which the
Marshall and Abramoff scandals took place â including voting for the shunning
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At the outbreak of the war, many
Indians offered to fight with the colonists against King Philip and his allies, serving as warriors, scouts, advisers, and spies. Mistrust and hostility eventually caused the colonists to discontinue Indian assistance, even though they were invaluable in the war. The
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In 2000 the Mashpee Wampanoag council was headed by chairman Glenn Marshall. Marshall led the group until 2007 when it was disclosed that he had a prior conviction for rape, had lied about having a military record and was under investigation associated for improprieties associated with the tribe's
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was named Philip. After his father's death, Alexander became the sachem of the Wampanoag. The colonists invited him to Plymouth to talk, but Wamsutta became seriously ill on the way home and died shortly after. The Wampanoag were told that he died of fever, but many Indians thought that he had been
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The Mashpee Wampanoag tribal offices are located in Mashpee on Cape Cod. After decades of legal disputes, the Mashpee Wampanoag obtained provisional recognition as an Indian tribe from the Bureau of Indian Affairs in April 2006, and official Federal recognition in February 2007. Tribal members own
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Under Philip's leadership, the relationship changed dramatically between the Wampanoag and the colonists. Philip believed that the ever-increasing colonists would eventually take over everything â not only land, but also their culture, their way of life, and their religion â so he decided to limit
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were noted for a great deal of sharing and mixing between Wampanoag and colonial ways of life. Wampanoag converts often continued their traditional practices in dress, hairstyle, and governance. The Martha's Vineyard converts were not required to attend church and they often maintained traditional
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presided over a number of other sachems. The colonists often referred to him as "king", but the position of a sachem differed in many ways from a king. They were selected by women elders and were bound to consult their own councilors within their tribe, as well as any of the "petty sachems" in the
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Sassamon was found dead under the ice of Assawompsett Pond a week later. A Christian Indian accused three Wampanoag warriors of his murder. The colonists took the three captive and hanged them in June 1675 after a trial by a jury of 12 colonists and six Christian Indians. This execution, combined
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Individual towns and regions had differing expectations for Indian conversions. In most of Eliot's mainland praying towns, religious converts were also expected to follow colonial laws and manners and to adopt the material trappings of colonial life. Eliot and other ministers relied on praise and
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pursuing their Indian gaming-related interests. Ring was subsequently convicted on corruption charges linked to his work for the Mashpee band. Tribal elders who had sought access to the tribal council records detailing the council's involvement in this scandal via a complaint filed in Barnstable
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Some genealogy experts testified that some of the tribes did not demonstrate the required continuity since historic times. For instance, in his testimony to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the historian Francis Hutchins said that the Mashpee "were not an Indian tribe in the years 1666, 1680, 1763,
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said that "it seems to be a Truth with respect to our Indians, so far as my knowledge of them extend, that there have been, and are a greater number of their Women appearing pious than of the men among them" in his text "Indian Converts". The frequency of female conversion created a problem for
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title, meaning that members had no legal claim to their land and allowed the tribal members free rein over their choice of land, as well as over cultivation and building, in order to make their ownership clear. They did not allow whites to settle on their land. They made strict laws regulating
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presented a provision established by a representative of the community named Quatchatisset establishing that the allotment would " for ever not to be sold or given or alienated from them or any part of these lands." Property deeds in 1671 recorded this area known as the Mashpee Plantation as
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has been debated in the United States. Many American Indians and historians argue against the romanticized story of the Wampanoag celebrating together with the colonists. Some say that there is no documentation of such an event. One primary account of the 1621 event was written by a firsthand
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as the name of the tribe whose leaders (the Massasoit Ousemequin until 1661, his son Wamsutta from 1661 to 1662, and Metacomet from 1662 to 1676) led the Wampanoag confederation at the time the English began settling southeastern New England. The Pokanoket were based at Sowams, near where
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The production of food among the Wampanoag was similar to that of many American Indian societies, and food habits were divided along gender lines. Men and women had specific tasks. Women played an active role in many of the stages of food production and processing, so they had important
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A project titled "Massachusetts Native Peoples and the Social Contract: A Reassessment for Our Times" began in 2015 to serve as an updated report on the cultural, linguistic, and economic state of Wampanoag peoples, including those from federally and non-federally recognized tribes.
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The Aquinnah Wampanoag are led by tribal council chair Cheryl Andrews-Maltais, who was elected to the post in November 2007. In 2010, Andrews-Maltais put forward plans for the development of an Aquinnah reservation casino, which was met with opposition by state and local officials.
1268:, Wamesit, Punkapoag, and Hassanamesit, four of the original 14 praying towns. These were the only ones to be resettled after the war. Overall, approximately 5,000 Indians (40 percent of their population) and 2,500 colonists (5 percent) were killed in King Philip's War.
1346:. In 1849 the reservation still consisted of 390 acres (1.6 km), of which all but 10 were distributed among the residents. The land, kept under community ownership, yielded very few crops and the tribe members left it to get paying jobs in the cities. Wampanoag
1628:, which is located on Martha's Vineyard. Their reservation consists of 485 acres (1.96 km) and is located on the outermost southwest part of the island. In 1972, Aquinnah Wampanoag descendants formed the Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc., to achieve
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was practiced among the Wampanoag, although monogamy was the norm. Some elite men could take several wives for political or social reasons, and multiple wives were a symbol of wealth. Women were the producers and distributors of corn and other food products.
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In November 2011, the Massachusetts legislature passed a law to license up to three sites for gaming resort casinos and one for a slot machine parlor. The Wampanoag are given a "headstart" to develop plans for a casino in southeastern part of the state.
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The war turned against Philip in the spring of 1676, following a winter of hunger and deprivation. The colonial troops set out after Canonchet and took him captive. After a firing squad executed him, colonists quartered his corpse and sent his head to
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region. They were also responsible for arranging trade privileges, as well as protecting their allies in exchange for material tribute. Both women and men could hold the position of sachem, and women were sometimes chosen over close male relatives.
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Prior to English contact in the 17th century, the Wampanoag numbered as many as 40,000 people living across 67 villages composing the Wampanoag Nation. These villages covered the territory along the east coast as far as Wessagusset (today called
2972:"THE INDIAN REORGANIZATION ACTâ75 YEARS LATER: RENEWING OUR COMMITMENT TO RESTORE TRIBAL HOMELANDS AND PROMOTE SELFâDETERMINATION | HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS | FIRST SESSION"
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in Rhode Island. Colonial forces attacked in August, killing and capturing 173 Wampanoags. Philip barely escaped capture, but his wife and their nine-year-old son were captured and put on a ship at Plymouth. They were then sold as slaves in the
1113:, where he listened to the accusations of the colonists and signed an agreement that required the Wampanoag to give up their firearms. To be on the safe side, he did not take part in the subsequent dinner. His men never delivered their weapons.
1496:, who was convicted of numerous charges in a much larger scheme. Following the arrests of Abramoff and Marshall, the newly recognized Mashpee Tribe led by new chair Shawn Hendricks, continued to work with Abramoff lobbyist colleague
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suffered similar rates of losses, and many small tribes in southern New England were finished. In addition, many Wampanoag were sold into slavery. Male captives were generally sold to slave traders and transported to the West Indies,
1563:, who is working as a lobbyist to represent the casino project. Both Kerry and Delahunt received campaign contributions from the Wampanoag Tribe in transactions authorized by Glenn Marshall as part of the Abramoff lobbying scandal.
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epidemic carried by rodents arriving in European ships dramatically reduced the population of the Wampanoag and neighboring tribes. Indigenous deaths from the epidemic facilitated the European invasion and colonization of the
744:. The men often traveled far north and south along the Eastern seaboard for seasonal fishing expeditions, and sometimes stayed in those distant locations for weeks and months at a time. The women cultivated varieties of the "
939:) that flourished in New England, as well as how to catch and process fish and collect seafood. They enabled the Pilgrims to survive their first winters, and Squanto lived with them and acted as a middleman between them and
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Some groups have submitted letters of intent to petition for federal acknowledgment, but none have actively petitioned for federal acknowledgment. Unrecognized groups who identify as being of Wampanoag descent include:
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The exception to relocation was the coastal islands' Wampanoag groups, who had stayed neutral through the war. The colonists forced the Wampanoag of the mainland to resettle with the Saconnet (Sekonnet), or with the
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needs. Oral traditions, ceremonies, song and dance, social gatherings, and hunting and fishing remain important traditional ways of life to the Wampanoag. In 2015, the federal government declared 150 acres of land in
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consists of more than 1,400 enrolled members who must meet defined membership requirements including lineage, community involvement and reside within 20 miles of Mashpee. Since 1924 they have held an annual
1544:. It contains a general prohibition against gaming on lands acquired into trust after October 17, 1988. The tribe's attempts to gain approvals have been met with legal and government approval challenges.
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in 1993. They have taught some children, who have become the first speakers of Wôpanâak in more than a century. The project is training teachers to reach more children and to develop a curriculum for a
767:. Men acted in most of the political roles for relations with other bands and tribes, as well as warfare. Women passed plots of land to their female descendants, regardless of their marital status.
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in Bristol, Rhode Island became the political center from which Metacomet began King Philip's War, the first intertribal war of Native American resistance to English settlement in North America.
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membership in the tribe. As a result, they were able to strengthen the groups' ties to each other, and they did not lose their tribal identity until long after other groups had lost theirs.
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gave up their neutrality after the colonists attacked one of their fortified villages. The Narragansetts lost more than 600 people and 20 sachems in the battle which became known as the "
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unattested words. For this project she was awarded a $ 500,000.00 grant from the Macarthur Fellows in 2010. She has also produced a grammar, collections of stories, and other books.
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Massasoit was among those Indians who adopted colonial customs. He asked the legislators in Plymouth near the end of his life to give both of his sons English names. The older son
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with rumors that the colonists wanted to capture Philip, was a catalyst for war. Philip called a council of war on Mount Hope. Most Wampanoag wanted to follow him, except the
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967:, introduced by rat reservoirs on European ships. The groups most devastated by the illness were those who had traded heavily with the French and the disease was likely a
1264:. The colonists used the women and children as slaves or indentured servants in New England, depending on the colony. Massachusetts resettled the remaining Wampanoags in
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321:(1675â1676) against the colonists. The war resulted in the death of 40 percent of the surviving Wampanoag. The English sold many Wampanoag men into slavery in
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Mashpee Wampanoag elders gather outside tribal headquarters yesterday, seeking information about the tribe's finances since Chairman Cedric Cromwell took over
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391:'s 1614 map, which was the earliest European representation of the Wampanoag territory. The Wampanoag translate this word to "People of the First Light."
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is an account of her months of captivity by the Wampanoag during King Philip's War in which she expressed shock at the cruelties from Christian Indians.
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and had served as a scribe, interpreter, and counselor to Philip and the Wampanoag. But, a week before his death, Sassamon reported to Plymouth governor
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With the death of Metacomet and most of their leaders, the Wampanoags were nearly exterminated; only about 400 survived the war. The Narragansetts and
863:-based school. Baird has developed a 10,000-word Wôpanâak-English dictionary by consulting archival Wôpanâak documents and using linguistic methods to
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some land, as well as land held in common by Wampanoag descendants at both Chapaquddick and Christiantown. Descendants have also purchased land in
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Contacts between the Wampanoag and colonists began in the 16th century when European merchant vessels and fishing boats traveled along the coast of
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There are no state recognized Wampanoag tribes in Massachusetts, as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has only one state recognized tribe, the
1190:, in part to protect the " praying Indians" from vigilantes, but also as a precautionary measure to prevent rebellion and sedition from them.
415:, developed and on the peninsula where Bristol, Rhode Island, arose after King Philip's War. The Seat of Metacomet, or King Philip's seat, at
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4184:: A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY by Taylor J. Kirsch
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After 1632, the Plymouth Colony was outnumbered by the growing Puritans settlements around Boston. The colonists expanded westward into the
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as an interpreter, then made his way back to his homeland in 1619, only to discover that the entire Patuxet tribe had died in an epidemic.
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789:(1603â1683) said that "single fornication they count no sin, but after Marriage... they count it heinous for either of them to be false."
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Today, Wampanoag people continue to live in historical homelands and maintain central aspects of their culture while adapting to changing
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Despite this, several unrecognized heritage groups have been represented as state recognized in unofficial directories and publications.
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1124:, and Narragansett as allies, and the beginning of the uprising was first planned for the spring of 1676. In March 1675, however,
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defeated the Narragansetts in a war with support from the colonists, and they became the dominant tribe in southern New England.
3764:"Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe of Plymouth receives a $ 100,000 operating support grant from the Nellie Mae Education Foundation"
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1972:
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1219:". Their leader Canonchet was able to flee and led a large group of Narragansett warriors west to join King Philip's warriors.
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currently has 901 enrolled citizens. Early 21st-century population estimates indicated a total of 4,500 Wampanoag descendants.
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For a much more detailed examination of John Sassamon, his murder, and its effects on King Philip's War, see Jill Lepore's
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The Wampanoag people were semi-sedentary (that is, partially nomadic), with seasonal movements between sites in southern
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Faith and Boundaries: Colonists, Christianity, and Community Among the Wampanoag Indians of Martha's Vineyard, 1600â1871
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920:) was kidnapped by Spanish monks who attempted to convert him before setting him free. He accompanied an expedition to
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and other Puritan missionaries sought to convert local tribes to Christianity, and those that converted settled in 14
841:, which he taught to the Wampanoag. Many became literate, using Wampanoag for letters, deeds, and historic documents.
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763:; when a young couple married, they lived with the woman's family. Women elders could approve selection of chiefs or
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Bragdon, Kathleen. "Gender as a Social Category in Native Southern New England". American Society for Ethnohistory,
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Massasoit became gravely ill in the winter of 1623, but he was nursed back to health by the colonists. In 1632, the
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1178:. The united tribes in southern New England attacked 52 of 90 colonial settlements and partially burned them down.
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Salwen, Bert (1978). "Indians of Southern New England and Long Island: Early Period". In Trigger, Bruce G. (ed.).
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first recorded it in 1676 to describe the alliance of tribes who fought against the English in King Philip's War.
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Collins-Hughes, Laura (September 28, 2010). "'Genius grant' a boost to linguist as she revives native language".
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2376:"Saving a Language: A rare book in MIT's archives helps linguists revive a long-unused Native American language"
2108:"Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs"
935:, and Tisquantum and other Wampanoag taught them how to cultivate the varieties of corn, squash, and beans (the
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identify as Wampanoag. The Massachusetts' Commission on Indian Affairs works with some of these organizations.
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rewards for those who conformed, rather than punishing those who did not. The Christian Indian settlements of
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was murdered. Sassamon was a Christian Indian raised in Natick, one of the praying towns. He was educated at
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Marr JS, Cathey JT. "New hypothesis for cause of an epidemic among Native Americans, New England, 1616â1619"
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consisting of around 55 square miles of land. The area was integrated into the district of Mashpee in 1763.
759:, in which women owned property, and hereditary status was passed through the maternal line. They were also
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Mark Arsenault, "Developers start to jockey for casino sites/Early groundwork laid in Springfield, Palmer"
2037:"2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010"
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INDIGENOUS LAND OWNERSHIP IN 17TH CENTURY MISSION COMMUNITIES: A SURVIVAL STORY FROM SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND
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reversed that decision. A federal judge blocked that action and the federal government appealed, but the
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initial contact between the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag was recorded as beginning in the Spring of 1621.
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Title page of the first Bible printed in the United States, translated in the Massachusett language by
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Christiantown was originally a praying town on the northwest side of Martha's Vineyard, northwest of
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Herring Pond Tribe is a historical Wampanoag Tribe located in Plymouth and Bourne, Massachusetts
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Pokanoket (after Metacomet's rebellion known as "Annawon's People" or the Seaconke Wampanoags)
357:âs initial reservation, on which the Tribe can exercise its full tribal sovereignty rights. The
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Experience Mayhew, sermon, "Family Religion Excited and Assisted", 1714â28, quoted from Plane,
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3952:
3339:
Nellie Hicks Ramos v. Patricia Keliinui, 2009 Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Election Committee Chair
2588:, vol. 15., 1978. (Bruce G. Trigger, ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 171f
1239:. On August 12, 1676, colonial troops surrounded Philip's camp, and soon shot and killed him.
5169:
4949:
4812:
4721:
4680:
4610:
4306:
4288:
4246:
3398:
3140:"Envisioning the Future by Revisiting the Past: Massachusetts Tribes Make Their Voices Heard"
1328:
1224:
908:. Captain Thomas Hunt captured several Wampanoag in 1614 and sold them in Spain as slaves. A
822:
547:
399:
290:
262:
107:
4232:
1501:
Municipal Court were shunned by the council and banned them from the tribe for seven years.
1385:
1082:
5257:
4939:
4847:
4763:
4553:
1882:
1823:
1807:
1646:, and the cranberry bogs surrounding Gay Head (now called Aquinnah) during her presidency.
1587:
1583:
1579:
1397:
1216:
1203:
From Massachusetts, the war spread to other parts of New England. The Kennebec, Pigwacket (
1175:
1165:
1105:
poisoned. The following year, his brother Philip (Metacom) became sachem of the Wampanoag.
1062:
999:
968:
963:
introduced by contact with Europeans. However, a 2010 study suggests that the epidemic was
826:
597:
537:
412:
334:
318:
294:
286:
238:
227:
4188:
The History of Martha's Vineyard, Dukes County, Massachusetts, in three volumes, Volume I.
3379:
Pocasset Mashpee Wampanoags at odds over which tribe should get casino license for Taunton
8:
5242:
4466:
4449:
4296:
3614:
3590:
1358:
1208:
1148:
and the small groups on the offshore islands. Allies included the Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, some
995:
951:
868:
845:
369:
2712:"New hypothesis for cause of an epidemic among Native Americans, New England, 1616â1619"
2694:
1458:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1174:, and laid siege to the town. Five days later, they destroyed it completely, leading to
5320:
5247:
5189:
5174:
5148:
5094:
4959:
4687:
4431:
4426:
4064:
4000:
3914:
2736:
2617:"The Church in New England Indian Community Life: A View from the Islands and Cape Cod"
1675:
List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes § Massachusetts
1629:
1625:
1315:
1295:
701:
258:
3813:
3738:
1959:
was an 1884 shipwreck where a group of Wampanoag risked their lives to save passengers
1679:
List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes § Rhode Island
427:
5273:
5204:
5179:
4442:
4171:
4156:
4138:
4107:
4041:
3102:
2741:
2624:
2528:
See Bragdon, Kathleen, "Gender as a Social Category in Native Southern New England,"
2480:
2448:
2408:
1261:
1070:
785:
was accepted, although the Wampanoag expected fidelity within unions after marriage.
144:
4051:
Ronda, James P. "Generations of Faith: The Christian Indians of Martha's Vineyard."
2846:
Ronda, James P. "Generations of Faith: The Christian Indians of Martha's Vineyard",
1230:
During the summer months, Philip escaped from his pursuers and went to a hideout on
5294:
5164:
4576:
4498:
4396:
4301:
4056:
3992:
3889:
3416:
3356:
2731:
2723:
2328:
2225:
2209:
1955:
1547:
The Wampanoag Tribe's plan as of 2011 had agreement for financing by the Malaysian
1517:, upon which the tribe under Glenn A. Marshall's leadership had lobbied to build a
1401:
1374:
1370:
1327:
On Martha's Vineyard in the 18th and 19th centuries, there were three reservationsâ
1156:
from farther north. The Narragansett remained neutral at the beginning of the war.
880:
605:
557:
171:
3864:
1937:
Wampanoag history from 1621 to King Philip's War is depicted in the first part of
959:
The Wampanoag suffered from an epidemic between 1616 and 1619, long thought to be
5214:
5099:
4538:
4513:
4436:
4341:
4011:
3965:
3597:
3552:
3534:
3466:
3447:
3423:
3405:
3310:
3291:
3272:
3249:
3163:
3096:
2402:
1925:
1861:
1852:
1848:
1643:
1624:
translates as "land under the hill". They are the only Wampanoag tribe to have a
1505:
1390:
1191:
1129:
893:
885:
392:
140:
2077:
5283:
5278:
4991:
4986:
4361:
3001:
Chapter: Indians of Southern New England and Long Island, late period, pp. 178.
2711:
2201:
1639:
1347:
1133:
786:
782:
416:
341:
157:
2484:
2429:
1069:
The Wampanoag women were more likely to convert to Christianity than the men.
5314:
5219:
4861:
4548:
4523:
4366:
4351:
3971:
3633:
3385:
2251:"Wampanoag | Definition, History, Government, Food, & Facts | Britannica"
2250:
1904:
1888:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1497:
1493:
1187:
1125:
1038:
972:
964:
633:
388:
305:
219:
133:
90:
4181:
3058:
2322:
4981:
4868:
4701:
4673:
4645:
4533:
4528:
4476:
4421:
4411:
4269:
4146:
3460:"Former Congressman Bill Delahunt to Represent the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe"
2745:
2727:
2213:
1763:
1659:
976:
586:
298:
223:
129:
94:
1357:
The third reservation on Martha's Vineyard was constructed in 1711 by the
1044:
5229:
4819:
4770:
4566:
4503:
4471:
3037:
2176:
1236:
1211:
from Maine joined in the war against the colonists. The Narragansetts of
1090:
905:
838:
752:
741:
326:
2940:
See Mary Rowlandson, The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, pp. 75 and 98.
1903:
of the Pocasset, a woman who supported Metacom and drowned crossing the
1881:
or Metacomet, Massasoit's second son, also called Philip, who initiated
4401:
4134:
Mayhew, Experience. "Family Religion Excited and Assisted" (1714â1728).
4068:
2340:
2332:
2282:"Mashpee High School Offers First-Ever Native American Language Course"
1552:
913:
760:
668: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
156:
Block's map of his 1614 voyage, with the first appearance of the term "
4137:
Mayhew, Experience. "Indian Converts" (1727). (U. Mass. Press edition
4076:
Introduction to The Sovereignty and Goodness of God by Mary Rowlandson
4004:
975:
has estimated population losses to be as high as 90 percent among the
152:
4571:
4561:
4508:
4391:
4335:
4187:
2894:
2696:
Mourt's Relation: A Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, 1622, Part I
2303:"'Genius grant' a boost to linguist as she revives a native language"
1962:
1930:
1872:
1866:
1842:
1636:
recognized the tribe in 1987. The tribe has 1,121 enrolled citizens.
1204:
1149:
980:
941:
403:
282:
231:
4211:
4060:
3557:"Wampanoag, who helped Pilgrims survive, win rights to tribal lands"
3512:
Associated Press, "Massachusetts: Casino Bill Passes in Both Houses"
3338:
1574:
gives the Mashpee Wampanoag "substantial control" over 320 acres on
1339:, so that they could practice a trade and obtain some civil rights.
643:
445:
4488:
4481:
3996:
3953:
Petition for Federal Acknowledgment of Existence as an Indian Tribe
2404:
Dictionary of American-Indian Place and Proper Names in New England
1921:
1908:
1900:
1894:
1575:
1362:
1351:
1332:
1299:
1257:
1145:
1121:
1097:
960:
795:
790:
567:
278:
4216:
2321:
Fermino, Jessie Little Doe (Jessie Little Doe Christobal) (2000).
2062:
Salwen, "Indians of Southern New England and Long Island," p. 171.
1604:
1005:
774:
The Wampanoag were organized into a confederation in which a head
4386:
4381:
3285:
Fed letter demands 8 pages of tribe's letters to Abramoff, others
3098:
Readings in American Indian Law: Recalling the Rhythm of Survival
2584:"Indians of Southern New England and Long Island, early period,"
1878:
1837:
Note: Contemporary people are listed under their specific tribes.
1253:
1248:
1153:
1117:
1101:
1022:
917:
909:
889:
322:
314:
66:
3975:
2009. A Limited Edition with 281 illustrations by Rockwell Kent.
3417:"City ends deal to sell land for Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe casino"
4518:
4238:
4199:
3939:
3190:"Herring Pond Wampanoag asking for six acres in South Plymouth"
2623:. Boston: Colonial Society of Massachusetts. pp. 278â279.
2430:"Our Beloved Kin: Remapping A New History of King Philip's War"
2382:. No. May/June 2008. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1518:
1481:
1283:
1265:
1141:
1018:
986:
Since the late 20th century, the event celebrated as the first
946:
775:
764:
368:
Wampanoag activists have been reviving the Wampanoag language;
361:
tribe currently has approximately 3,200 enrolled citizens. The
137:
4090:
Reinterpreting New England Indians and the Colonial Experience
3634:"Gladys Widdiss Dies at 97, Was Widely Respected Tribal Elder"
2621:
Reinterpreting New England Indians and the Colonial Experience
1704:, South Yarmouth, MA (Letter of Intent to Petition 05/21/2007)
810:
4543:
4493:
4106:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 160â176.
1002:, but the colonists helped the Wampanoag to drive them back.
897:
195:
180:
1722:, Great Falls, MA. (Letter of Intent to Petition 1/23/1995)
1525:, but their territorial rights have been challenged by the
799:
301:). The Wampanoag lived on this land for over 12,000 years.
189:
2777:"PRIMARY SOURCES FOR "THE FIRST THANKSGIVING" AT PLYMOUTH"
2601:. (Originally published 1643, cited from Woloch, N., ed.,
2327:(Master's thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1685:
organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes
1304:
An Indian Deed relating to the Petition of Reuben Cognehew
821:
The Wampanoag originally spoke Wôpanâak, a dialect of the
4226:
4013:
Colonial Intimacies: Indian Marriage in Early New England
3211:"WampaGate â Glenn Marshall: There is still much to tell"
2506:
Colonial Intimacies: Indian Marriage in Early New England
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2008:"Massachusetts: 2010; Population and Housing Unit Counts"
1593:
1182:
Massachusetts government moved many Christian Indians to
198:
4221:
2703:
2650:
2105:
1423:
1056:, the oldest Indian church building in the United States
844:
The rapid decline of Wampanoag speakers began after the
3721:"MA General Laws Part I Title II Chapter 6A Section 8A"
2508:. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press), 2000: 20, 61.
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
1728:, Warwick, RI (Letter of Intent to Petition 10/29/1998)
1551:
and has the political support of Massachusetts Senator
1170:
On June 20, 1675, some Wampanoag attacked colonists in
854:, a member of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, founded the
4168:
Tapenum's Day: A Wampanoag Indian Boy in Pilgrim Times
4103:
Handbook of North American Indians: Northeast, Vol. 15
4021:
Rowlandson, Mary White (1997). Salisbury, Neal (ed.).
2603:
Early American Women: A Documentary History, 1600â1900
2162:
1924:
was a fictional Wampanoag harpooneer from Gay Head in
1831:
1136:
that Philip was planning a war against the colonists.
1100:
was given the name Alexander, and his younger brother
3157:
Final Determination for Federal Acknowledgment Report
3101:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 40.
798:
and conjugal unions were not as important as ties of
520:
Lakeville, Middleborough and Taunton, Massachusetts
226:. Their historical territory includes the islands of
192:
177:
3696:"No. 126: Massachusetts Native Americans | Mass.gov"
2130:
1776:
mainland 2,000 (after the epidemics); islands 3,000
1377:
in 1763; the last Nantucket Wampanoag died in 1855.
1350:
tells that Christiantown was wiped out in 1888 by a
833:
was a 1663 translation into Wampanoag by missionary
528:
Assonet Neck, Assonet-Freetown, Greater New Bedford
186:
3341:, Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Court, January 17, 2012.
1713:
Massachuset-Ponkapoag Tribal Council, Holliston, MA
1608:
Amos Hoskins, an Aquinnah Wampanoag Whaling Captain
313:. More than 50 years later, Wampanoag Chief Sachem
183:
174:
61:Cheryl Andrews-Maltais (right), Chairperson of the
3496:"Former MA Congressman to Lobby for Tribal Casino"
3081:
3079:
2949:Salisbury, Introduction to Mary Rowlandson, p. 37.
2931:Salisbury, Introduction to Mary Rowlandson, p. 23.
1907:during King Philip's War; one of her husbands was
1875:, the sachem who befriended the Mayflower pilgrims
1716:Nova Scotia Wampanoag Council, Clark's Harbour, NS
1536:But Indian gaming operations are regulated by the
281:and the islands of Natocket and Noepe (now called
3915:"Massachuset-Ponkapoag Tribal Council, Inc., The"
3658:Cheryl Andrews-Maltais elected Wampanoag chairman
2958:Salisbury, Introduction to Mary Rowlandson, p. 1.
2619:. In Calloway, Colin G.; Salisbury, Neal (eds.).
1897:, Massasoit's oldest son, also known as Alexander
1322:
422:
406:. The earliest colonial records and reports used
5336:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
5312:
2571:Salisbury, Neal. Introduction, Mary Rowlandson,
2341:"Jessie Little Doe Baird â MacArthur Foundation"
1915:
1527:Pocasset Wampanoag Tribe of the Pokanoket Nation
757:indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
3166:, Bureau for Indian Affairs, February 15, 2007.
3076:
2651:Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project homepage.
2400:
1408:has about 3,200 enrolled citizens in 2023. The
1373:were almost completely destroyed by an unknown
402:referred to one of the Wampanoag tribes as the
4155:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
3615:Aquinnah Wampanoag tribal membership committee
2661:
2300:
1298:set aside in Massachusetts, and is located on
1066:cultural practices, such as mourning rituals.
871:began a course in 2018 teaching the language.
372:began a course in 2018 teaching the language.
4792:Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular
4254:
4235:, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
4096:. Boston: University of Virginia Press, 1993.
4088:Salisbury, Neal, and Colin G. Calloway, eds.
2608:
2106:Bureau of Indian Affairs (January 28, 2022).
1860:, the first American Indian to graduate from
1028:
2476:History of Swansea, Massachusetts, 1667â1917
2301:Collins-Hughes, Laura (September 28, 2010).
1989:State recognized tribes in the United States
1412:had 1,364 enrolled tribal citizens in 2019.
4017:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000.
3844:"List of Petitioners by State (as of 2013)"
3690:
3688:
3686:
3352:"Mashpee Wampanoag win federal recognition"
3266:Cape tribe feels heat from lobbyist scandal
3137:
2058:
2056:
1668:
1582:had put the land in federal trust, but the
474:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
289:), and southeast as far as Pokanocket (now
4261:
4247:
4233:Listening to Wampanoag Voices: Beyond 1620
4033:. (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 1982.
4020:
3484:"Wampanoag federal campaign contributions"
3344:
2766:, (Oxford University Press), 1982, p. 105.
2709:
2401:Douglas-Lithgow, Robert Alexander (1909).
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2072:
2070:
2068:
1653:
1428:
1242:
1077:
55:
4417:National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation
3122:"Testimony of Historian Francis Hutchins"
3017:National Conference of State Legislatures
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2735:
2614:
2575:. Boston, MA: Bedford Books, 1997, p. 11.
2445:Encyclopedia of the North American Indian
1504:In 2009 the tribe elected council member
728:Learn how and when to remove this message
494:Learn how and when to remove this message
5356:Native American history of Massachusetts
4743:Bugs and Daffy's Carnival of the Animals
4085:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.
3683:
3550:
3441:"Sen. Kerry to support tribe land trust"
3094:
2053:
2017:. US Department of Commerce. August 2012
1695:Assawompsett-Nemasket Band of Wampanoags
1603:
1572:United States Department of the Interior
1384:
1081:
1043:
1004:
884:
809:
426:
151:
5366:Native American tribes in Massachusetts
5361:Native American history of Rhode Island
3865:"Petitions in Process | Indian Affairs"
3178:, Bureau of Indian Affairs, filed 2007.
3138:Portalewska, Agnes (December 9, 2015).
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2407:. Salem, MA: Salem Press. p. 198.
2373:
2360:
2320:
2065:
1978:Native American tribes in Massachusetts
1559:, and former Massachusetts Congressman
1271:
1017:. In 1638, they destroyed the powerful
805:
27:Native American tribes in Massachusetts
14:
5371:Native American tribes in Rhode Island
5313:
4217:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
4099:
3631:
3176:Mashpee Wampanoag Enrollment Ordinance
3126:Mashpee Wampanoag Final Determination,
3063:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
2985:
2692:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2472:
2442:
2230:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
2208:Centers for Disease Control, 2010 Feb
2100:
2098:
1973:List of early settlers of Rhode Island
1845:, 17th-century female Nantucket sachem
1614:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
1594:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
1531:organization not recognized as a tribe
1410:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
1227:, where it was set on public display.
600:, and parts of Seekonk, Massachusetts
251:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
4242:
4222:Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project
3890:"Petitions Resolved | Indian Affairs"
3838:
3836:
3834:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3329:, Cape Cod Times, September 24, 2009.
3275:, Cape Cod Times, September 11, 2008.
3013:"Federal and State Recognized Tribes"
2966:
2964:
2752:from the original on 30 January 2010.
2605:(New York: McGraw-Hill), 1997, p. 8).
2273:
2271:
1911:, a brother to King Phillip (Metacom)
1869:, 17th-century sachem of the Pocasset
1424:Federally recognized Wampanoag tribes
856:Wôpanâak Language Reclamation Project
4131:. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf), 1998.
3806:
3187:
2879:
2710:Marr JS, Cathey JT (February 2010).
2511:
2461:
2324:An introduction to Wampanoag grammar
1521:. The tribe has moved its plans to
1438:
1159:
666:adding citations to reliable sources
637:
472:adding citations to reliable sources
439:
85:Regions with significant populations
4667:Over the River and Through the Wood
4023:The Sovereignty and Goodness of God
3674:"Aquinnah pitch island casino plan"
3397:National Indian Gaming Commission,
3388:, Enterprise Press, April 18, 2012.
3227:"Former Wampanoag leader sentenced"
2999:Handbook of North American Indians.
2670:
2573:The Sovereignty and Goodness of God
2518:Handbook of North American Indians.
2374:Mifflin, Jeffrey (April 22, 2008).
2095:
1832:Notable historical Wampanoag people
1790:mainland (after King Philip's War)
1197:The Sovereignty and Goodness of God
596:East Bay of Rhode Island including
24:
4827:Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap
4736:Bozo, Gar and Ray: WGN TV Classics
4407:National Thanksgiving Proclamation
4121:
3955:, Federal Register, April 6, 1995.
3831:
3620:
3304:"Cedric Cromwell elected chairman"
3294:, Cape Cod Today, October 9, 2007.
2961:
2586:Handbook of North American Indians
2427:
2268:
783:Pre-marital sexual experimentation
431:Map of Wampanoag territory c. 1620
25:
5387:
4940:Lighting of the Macy's Great Tree
4193:
4166:Waters, Kate, and Kendall, Russ.
4094:Colonial Society of Massachusetts
4092:. Vol. 71 of Publications of the
3632:MĂŠras., Phyllis (June 15, 2012).
3188:Mand, Frank (September 5, 2018).
3010:
1538:National Indian Gaming Commission
1380:
119:Indigenous religion, Christianity
80:2,756 (2010 census), 3,841 (2023)
5279:Pumpkin chucking / Pumpkin shoot
4930:Thanksgiving television specials
4729:The Berenstain Bears Meet Bigpaw
4695:We Plough the Fields and Scatter
4268:
4198:
2473:Wright, Otis Olney, ed. (1917).
1626:formal land-in-trust reservation
1570:A December 2021 ruling from the
1443:
998:attacked Massasoit's village in
831:first Bible published in America
642:
444:
237:Today, two Wampanoag tribes are
218:currently based in southeastern
170:
5139:Boston English vs. Boston Latin
3958:
3946:
3940:"Nova Scotia Wampanoag Council"
3932:
3907:
3882:
3857:
3781:
3756:
3731:
3713:
3667:
3651:
3608:
3584:
3570:
3544:
3521:
3505:
3489:
3476:
3453:
3433:
3410:
3391:
3372:
3332:
3320:
3297:
3278:
3259:
3236:
3220:
3204:
3181:
3169:
3150:
3131:
3115:
3088:
3051:
3030:
3004:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2912:
2899:
2866:
2853:
2840:
2827:
2814:
2801:
2769:
2756:
2686:
2655:
2644:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2552:
2539:
2532:43:4, 1996, p. 576, and Plane,
2522:
2498:
2479:. Town of Swansea. p. 18.
2436:
2421:
2394:
2243:
1732:
1720:Pocasset Wampanoag Indian Tribe
653:needs additional citations for
267:Southern New England Algonquian
4883:A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving
4750:Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet
4632:Come, Ye Thankful People, Come
4170:. New York: Scholastic, 1996.
4078:. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997.
2218:
2195:
2078:"Massachusett (Wôpanâôtuwâôk)"
2029:
2000:
1760:mainland 3,600; islands 3,000
1702:Chappaquiddick Wampanoag Tribe
1323:Wampanoag on Martha's Vineyard
423:Wampanoag groups and locations
222:and formerly parts of eastern
13:
1:
3981:
3818:Commonwealth of Massachusetts
2848:William and Mary Quarterly 38
2286:mashpeewampanoagtribe-nsn.gov
2206:Emerging Infectious Diseases,
1916:Representation in other media
1632:and federal recognition. The
5238:Berwick Run for the Diamonds
5210:Rady Children's Invitational
4972:Native American Heritage Day
4915:Christmas and holiday season
4757:A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving
3605:. Retrieved: 14 August 2012.
3602:Cradleboard Teaching Project
2716:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2615:Silverman, David J. (2003).
1994:
1708:Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe
1542:Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
1515:Middleborough, Massachusetts
1484:at the beginning of July in
1116:Philip gradually gained the
1021:Confederation. In 1643, the
7:
5195:Continental Tire Main Event
4639:For the Beauty of the Earth
3446:September 13, 2010, at the
3404:September 28, 2011, at the
3309:September 29, 2011, at the
3162:September 21, 2012, at the
2918:Salisbury, Introduction to
2447:. Scholastic. p. 193.
1968:Federally recognized tribes
1947:
1600:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
363:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head
63:Wampanoag Tribe of Aquinnah
10:
5392:
4799:The Mouse on the Mayflower
4785:Intergalactic Thanksgiving
4147:Indian Converts Collection
4053:William and Mary Quarterly
4040:. New York: W. W. Norton.
3533:November 20, 2011, at the
1698:Assonet Band of Wampanoags
1672:
1597:
1432:
1312:American Revolutionary War
1286:into the praying towns in
1276:
1163:
1087:Philip, King of Mount Hope
1029:Conversion to Christianity
878:
874:
631:
627:
585:Eastern Massachusetts, on
32:Wampanoag (disambiguation)
29:
5266:
5228:
5157:
5119:
5112:
5082:
5000:
4967:National Day of Listening
4907:
4896:
4834:Star Wars Holiday Special
4711:
4653:Let All Things Now Living
4600:
4591:
4459:
4320:
4287:
4276:
3739:"State Recognized Tribes"
3596:October 29, 2013, at the
3290:November 4, 2008, at the
3038:"Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe"
2859:Quoted from James Ronda,
2177:"Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe"
1851:, first person killed in
1555:, Massachusetts Governor
1452:This section needs to be
612:Fall River, Massachusetts
349:and 170 acres of land in
128:
123:
118:
113:
105:
100:
89:
84:
79:
74:
54:
47:
5351:Nantucket, Massachusetts
5185:ESPN Events Invitational
5144:Missouri Turkey Day Game
5134:CFL Thanksgiving Classic
5090:National Day of Mourning
4876:A Very Gaga Thanksgiving
4855:The Thanksgiving Special
4660:Now Thank We All Our God
4025:. Boston: Bedford Books.
3422:October 7, 2011, at the
2145:"Who are the Wampanoag?"
1983:Old Indian Meeting House
1726:Seaconke Wampanoag Tribe
1669:Cultural heritage groups
1634:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1400:Wampanoag tribes and no
1050:Old Indian Meeting House
1015:Connecticut River Valley
621:Plymouth & Cape Cod
335:colonists in New England
311:Massachusetts Bay Colony
5289:Turkey Night Grand Prix
5129:NFL on Thanksgiving Day
4977:Small Business Saturday
4806:Oprah's Favorite Things
4778:Garfield's Thanksgiving
4625:Bringing In the Sheaves
4347:Plymouth, Massachusetts
4212:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
4036:Leach, Douglas Edward.
3662:Martha's Vineyard Times
3465:March 17, 2011, at the
2822:Manitou and Providence,
2693:Morton, George (1622).
2181:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
2149:Plimoth Patuxet Museums
1654:State-recognized tribes
1618:Aquinnah, Massachusetts
1477:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1435:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1429:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1406:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1243:Consequences of the war
1078:Metacomet (King Philip)
1009:Seal of Plymouth Colony
852:Jessie Little Doe Baird
825:, which belongs to the
435:
375:
355:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
246:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
5253:Feaster Five Road Race
5200:Las Vegas Invitational
4813:Saints & Strangers
4083:Manitou and Providence
4038:Flintlock and Tomahawk
4031:Manitou and Providence
3271:July 27, 2013, at the
3248:July 25, 2013, at the
2764:Manitou and Providence
2728:10.3201/eid1602.090276
2682:Die Welt der Indianer.
2443:Ciment, James (1996).
2214:10.3201/edi1602.090276
1858:Caleb Cheeshahteaumuck
1609:
1523:Taunton, Massachusetts
1404:Wampanoag tribes. The
1393:
1389:Wampanoag educator at
1172:Swansea, Massachusetts
1111:Taunton, Massachusetts
1093:
1057:
1054:Mashpee, Massachusetts
1010:
901:
818:
517:Assawompsett Nemasket
432:
387:, first documented on
383:probably derives from
277:), all of what is now
216:Northeastern Woodlands
212:Native American people
161:
106:English, historically
5170:Acrisure Invitational
5063:Celebrate the Season
4950:National Adoption Day
4945:World's Largest Disco
4722:Bart vs. Thanksgiving
4681:The Thanksgiving Song
4207:at Wikimedia Commons
3555:(December 31, 2021).
3399:"Indian Land Options"
3384:January 22, 2013, at
3200:on September 5, 2018.
3095:Carrillo, Jo (1998).
2861:Generations of Faith,
1943:, a 2009 documentary.
1673:Further information:
1616:are headquartered in
1607:
1396:Today, there are two
1388:
1225:Hartford, Connecticut
1085:
1047:
1008:
888:
823:Massachusett language
813:
632:Further information:
548:Chappaquiddick Island
533:Gay Head or Aquinnah
430:
331:plantations and farms
317:and his allies waged
304:From 1615 to 1619, a
155:
124:Related ethnic groups
5326:Algonquian ethnonyms
5258:Manchester Road Race
5055:6abc-Dunkin' Donuts
5039:Hollywood Christmas
5033:(Kitchener-Waterloo)
4925:Thanksgiving in film
4848:Thanksgiving Orphans
4764:A Doonesbury Special
4554:Green bean casserole
3664:, November 21, 2007.
3471:Indian Country News,
3450:, September 8, 2010.
2874:Colonial Intimacies,
2835:Colonial Intimacies,
2809:Colonial Intimacies,
2789:on December 24, 2012
2560:Colonial Intimacies,
2547:Colonial Intimacies,
2534:Colonial Intimacies,
1590:dropped the appeal.
1588:Biden administration
1584:Trump administration
1580:Obama administration
1398:federally recognized
1331:, Christiantown and
1272:18th to 20th century
1217:Great Swamp Massacre
969:virgin soil epidemic
827:Algonquian languages
806:Language and revival
751:The Wampanoag had a
662:improve this article
598:Warren, Rhode Island
468:improve this section
413:Warren, Rhode Island
239:federally recognized
30:For other uses, see
5243:Buffalo Turkey Trot
5071:America's Hometown
4467:Thanksgiving dinner
4297:Samuel de Champlain
4010:Plane, Anne Marie.
3991:43:4. Autumn 1996.
3551:Hedgpeth, Danawork=
3518:, November 16, 2021
3482:CampaignMoney.com,
3430:, January 19, 2011.
3360:. February 15, 2007
3243:"Marshall Timeline"
2666:. pp. A1, A14.
2599:Narrangansett Women
2504:Plane, Anne Marie.
2226:"Wampanoag History"
2183:. November 20, 2023
1540:established by the
1359:New England Company
1052:" built in 1684 in
896:learn to cultivate
869:Mashpee High School
846:American Revolution
755:system, like other
370:Mashpee High School
44:
5331:Algonquian peoples
5248:Dallas Turkey Trot
5190:Fort Myers Tip-Off
5175:Ball Dawgs Classic
5149:Turkey Day Classic
5095:Unthanksgiving Day
4960:Cyber Black Friday
4688:We Gather Together
4611:Alice's Restaurant
4432:Blackout Wednesday
4427:Sarah Josepha Hale
4227:Plimoth Plantation
4151:Silverman, David.
3743:www.500nations.com
3500:Casino Suite News,
2255:www.britannica.com
1891:, early translator
1630:self-determination
1610:
1394:
1316:Nonintercourse Act
1310:In 1788 after the
1296:Indian reservation
1094:
1058:
1011:
902:
894:Plymouth colonists
819:
433:
259:Wampanoag language
162:
145:Algonquian peoples
42:
5346:Martha's Vineyard
5341:King Philip's War
5308:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5274:National Dog Show
5205:Maui Invitational
5180:Battle 4 Atlantis
5108:
5107:
4920:Harvest festivals
4892:
4891:
4587:
4586:
4443:Freedom from Want
4203:Media related to
4113:978-0-1600-4575-2
4081:Salisbury, Neal.
4074:Salisbury, Neal.
4046:978-0-393-00340-6
4029:Salisbury, Neal.
3638:www.mvgazette.com
3541:November 18, 2011
3317:February 2, 2009.
3256:, August 25, 2007
3144:Cultural Survival
2895:Wampanoag History
2762:Salisbury, Neal.
2597:Williams, Roger.
2380:Technology Review
1883:King Philip's War
1829:
1828:
1793:general estimate
1473:
1472:
1369:The Wampanoag on
1288:Barnstable County
1262:Iberian Peninsula
1176:King Philip's War
1166:King Philip's War
1160:King Philip's War
1071:Experience Mayhew
1063:Martha's Vineyard
738:
737:
730:
712:
625:
624:
538:Martha's Vineyard
536:Western point of
504:
503:
496:
319:King Philip's War
287:Martha's Vineyard
228:Martha's Vineyard
206:), also rendered
150:
149:
16:(Redirected from
5383:
5165:Acrisure Classic
5117:
5116:
5074:
5066:
5058:
5050:
5042:
5034:
5026:
5013:
4935:Winter festivals
4905:
4904:
4618:Bless This House
4598:
4597:
4499:Butternut squash
4450:Mourt's Relation
4377:Native Americans
4357:William Bradford
4302:Martin Frobisher
4285:
4284:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4229:, living history
4202:
4117:
4026:
3976:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3848:
3840:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3814:"Indian Affairs"
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3692:
3681:
3671:
3665:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3629:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3588:
3582:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3548:
3542:
3525:
3519:
3509:
3503:
3493:
3487:
3480:
3474:
3457:
3451:
3437:
3431:
3414:
3408:
3395:
3389:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3357:The Boston Globe
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3301:
3295:
3282:
3276:
3263:
3257:
3240:
3234:
3224:
3218:
3217:August 26, 2007.
3208:
3202:
3201:
3196:. Archived from
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3129:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3092:
3086:
3085:Day 36, 130â140.
3083:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2983:
2982:
2981:. June 23, 2011.
2976:
2968:
2959:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2923:
2920:Mary Rowlandson,
2916:
2910:
2903:
2897:
2892:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2857:
2851:
2844:
2838:
2831:
2825:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2782:. Archived from
2781:
2773:
2767:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2739:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2684:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2664:The Boston Globe
2659:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2612:
2606:
2595:
2589:
2582:
2576:
2569:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2543:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2470:
2459:
2458:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2371:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2345:www.macfound.org
2336:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2275:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2222:
2216:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2173:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2141:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2112:Federal Register
2102:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2074:
2063:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2012:
2004:
1956:City of Columbus
1737:
1736:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1402:state-recognized
1371:Nantucket Island
952:Mourt's Relation
945:, the Wampanoag
881:Wampanoag treaty
837:. He created an
733:
726:
722:
719:
713:
711:
670:
646:
638:
558:Nantucket Island
506:
505:
499:
492:
488:
485:
479:
448:
440:
261:, also known as
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
75:Total population
59:
45:
41:
21:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5376:Plymouth Colony
5311:
5310:
5309:
5300:
5262:
5224:
5215:SoCal Challenge
5153:
5104:
5100:Buy Nothing Day
5078:
5072:
5064:
5056:
5049:(New York City)
5048:
5040:
5032:
5024:
5011:
4996:
4901:
4899:
4888:
4707:
4594:
4583:
4524:Mashed potatoes
4514:Cranberry sauce
4455:
4437:Abraham Lincoln
4342:Plymouth Colony
4316:
4281:
4279:
4272:
4267:
4196:
4129:The Name of War
4124:
4122:Further reading
4114:
4061:10.2307/1921953
3984:
3979:
3963:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3873:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3789:"Tribes | NCAI"
3787:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3694:
3693:
3684:
3680:, June 9, 2010.
3672:
3668:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3630:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3598:Wayback Machine
3589:
3585:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3559:
3553:Washington Post
3549:
3545:
3535:Wayback Machine
3526:
3522:
3510:
3506:
3502:March 11, 2011.
3494:
3490:
3481:
3477:
3473:March 12, 2011.
3467:Wayback Machine
3458:
3454:
3448:Wayback Machine
3438:
3434:
3424:Wayback Machine
3415:
3411:
3406:Wayback Machine
3396:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3315:Cape Cod Times,
3311:Wayback Machine
3302:
3298:
3292:Wayback Machine
3283:
3279:
3273:Wayback Machine
3264:
3260:
3250:Wayback Machine
3241:
3237:
3225:
3221:
3215:Cape Cod Times,
3209:
3205:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3164:Wayback Machine
3155:
3151:
3136:
3132:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3021:
3019:
3011:Saenz, Martha.
3009:
3005:
2997:
2986:
2979:www.govinfo.gov
2974:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2917:
2913:
2907:The Name of War
2904:
2900:
2893:
2880:
2871:
2867:
2858:
2854:
2850:, 1981, p. 378.
2845:
2841:
2832:
2828:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2761:
2757:
2708:
2704:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2613:
2609:
2596:
2592:
2583:
2579:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2553:
2544:
2540:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2471:
2462:
2455:
2441:
2437:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2361:
2349:
2347:
2339:
2311:
2309:
2291:
2289:
2288:. February 2018
2280:
2276:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2118:(FR 7554): 4636
2103:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1950:
1940:We Shall Remain
1926:Herman Melville
1918:
1862:Harvard College
1853:Boston Massacre
1849:Crispus Attucks
1834:
1735:
1681:
1671:
1656:
1644:Gay Head Cliffs
1602:
1596:
1506:Cedric Cromwell
1469:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1391:Plimoth Patuxet
1383:
1325:
1294:is the largest
1279:
1274:
1245:
1192:Mary Rowlandson
1168:
1162:
1130:Harvard College
1080:
1031:
883:
877:
808:
734:
723:
717:
714:
671:
669:
659:
647:
636:
630:
544:Chappaquiddick
512:Area inhabited
500:
489:
483:
480:
465:
449:
438:
425:
393:Increase Mather
378:
173:
169:
70:
50:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5389:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5286:
5284:Turkey bowling
5281:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5068:
5060:
5057:(Philadelphia)
5052:
5044:
5036:
5028:
5020:
5015:
5010:Novant Health
5006:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4992:Thanksgivukkah
4989:
4987:Giving Tuesday
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4902:
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4889:
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4879:
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4865:
4858:
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4844:
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4795:
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4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
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4717:
4715:
4709:
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4670:
4663:
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4649:
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4635:
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4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4529:Sweet potatoes
4526:
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4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
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4484:
4479:
4469:
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4457:
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4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4362:Edward Winslow
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
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4299:
4293:
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4282:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4265:
4258:
4251:
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4236:
4230:
4224:
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4195:
4194:External links
4192:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4164:
4149:
4135:
4132:
4127:Lepore, Jill.
4123:
4120:
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4118:
4112:
4097:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4049:
4034:
4027:
4018:
4008:
3997:10.2307/483246
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3968:, chapter 27.
3964:Melville, H.,
3957:
3945:
3931:
3919:OpenCorporates
3906:
3881:
3856:
3830:
3805:
3780:
3755:
3730:
3725:MA Legislature
3712:
3682:
3678:Cape Cod Times
3666:
3650:
3619:
3607:
3583:
3580:, May 15, 1997
3569:
3543:
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3258:
3254:Cape Cod Times
3235:
3219:
3203:
3180:
3168:
3149:
3130:
3114:
3108:978-1566395823
3107:
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2722:(2): 281â286.
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2435:
2428:Brooks, Lisa.
2420:
2414:978-0780803923
2413:
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2318:
2298:
2267:
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2015:US Census 2010
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1949:
1946:
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1944:
1935:
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1777:
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1747:
1744:
1741:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:, Plymouth, MA
1705:
1699:
1696:
1670:
1667:
1655:
1652:
1640:Gladys Widdiss
1598:Main article:
1595:
1592:
1471:
1470:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1433:Main article:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1382:
1381:Current status
1379:
1329:Chappaquiddick
1324:
1321:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1244:
1241:
1209:Arosaguntacook
1164:Main article:
1161:
1158:
1152:, and eastern
1134:Josiah Winslow
1079:
1076:
1030:
1027:
876:
873:
807:
804:
787:Roger Williams
736:
735:
650:
648:
641:
629:
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623:
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545:
541:
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501:
452:
450:
443:
437:
434:
424:
421:
417:Mount Hope Bay
377:
374:
255:
254:
248:
158:New Netherland
148:
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126:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
111:
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98:
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87:
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60:
52:
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48:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5388:
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5220:Wooden Legacy
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5041:(Los Angeles)
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4862:Turkey Hollow
4859:
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4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:Susanna White
4370:
4368:
4367:Mary Brewster
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Plymouth Rock
4350:
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4338:
4337:
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4325:
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4322:United States
4319:
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4312:First Nations
4310:
4308:
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4298:
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4176:0-590-20237-5
4173:
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4162:
4161:0-521-70695-5
4158:
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4144:
4143:1-55849-661-0
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4009:
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3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3974:
3973:
3972:Folio Society
3967:
3961:
3954:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3899:September 13,
3895:
3891:
3885:
3874:September 13,
3870:
3866:
3860:
3852:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3798:September 13,
3794:
3790:
3784:
3773:September 13,
3769:
3765:
3759:
3748:September 13,
3744:
3740:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3705:September 13,
3701:
3697:
3691:
3689:
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3679:
3675:
3670:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3639:
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3628:
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3603:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3558:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3539:Boston Globe,
3536:
3532:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3485:
3479:
3472:
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3436:
3429:
3428:Indian Gaming
3425:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3394:
3387:
3386:archive.today
3383:
3380:
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3281:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3262:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3231:Boston Globe,
3228:
3223:
3216:
3212:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3177:
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2738:
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2706:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2647:
2636:September 10,
2632:
2630:0-9620737-6-8
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2587:
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2454:0-590-22790-4
2450:
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2083:
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2069:
2059:
2057:
2038:
2032:
2016:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1987:
1985:, 1684 church
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1910:
1906:
1905:Taunton River
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:John Sassamon
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1874:
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1606:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:Bill Delahunt
1558:
1557:Deval Patrick
1554:
1550:
1549:Genting Group
1545:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1498:Kevin A. Ring
1495:
1494:Jack Abramoff
1489:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1467:
1464:February 2013
1455:
1450:
1441:
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1199:
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1189:
1188:Boston Harbor
1185:
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1177:
1173:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:John Sassamon
1123:
1119:
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1103:
1099:
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1088:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1067:
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1040:
1039:Praying towns
1036:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:Narragansetts
992:
989:
984:
982:
979:and mainland
978:
974:
973:Alfred Crosby
970:
966:
965:leptospirosis
962:
957:
955:
953:
948:
944:
943:
938:
937:Three Sisters
934:
930:
927:In 1620, the
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
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870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
817:
812:
803:
802:and kinship.
801:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:
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768:
766:
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758:
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747:
746:three sisters
743:
732:
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700:
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693:
689:
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682:
679: â
678:
674:
673:Find sources:
667:
663:
657:
656:
651:This section
649:
645:
640:
639:
635:
634:Massachusetts
620:
618:Herring Pond
617:
616:
613:
609:
607:
604:
603:
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515:
511:
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498:
495:
487:
484:November 2022
477:
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469:
463:
462:
458:
453:This section
451:
447:
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441:
429:
420:
418:
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409:
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401:
396:
394:
390:
389:Adriaen Block
386:
382:
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366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
342:socioeconomic
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
306:leptospirosis
302:
300:
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220:Massachusetts
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91:Massachusetts
88:
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68:
64:
58:
53:
46:
37:
33:
19:
5293:
5230:Turkey trots
5065:(Pittsburgh)
5031:Oktoberfest
4982:Cyber Monday
4955:Black Friday
4881:
4874:
4869:Turkeys Away
4860:
4853:
4841:Thanksgiving
4832:
4811:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4674:Simple Gifts
4646:Jingle Bells
4577:Sweet Potato
4534:Acorn squash
4448:
4441:
4422:William Penn
4412:Franksgiving
4334:
4270:Thanksgiving
4197:
4167:
4152:
4128:
4102:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4052:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4012:
3989:Ethnohistory
3988:
3969:
3960:
3948:
3934:
3924:November 19,
3922:. Retrieved
3918:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3893:
3884:
3872:. Retrieved
3868:
3859:
3850:
3821:. Retrieved
3817:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3793:www.ncai.org
3792:
3783:
3771:. Retrieved
3767:
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3742:
3733:
3724:
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3700:www.mass.gov
3699:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3641:. Retrieved
3637:
3610:
3600:
3586:
3578:Boston Globe
3577:
3572:
3560:. Retrieved
3546:
3538:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3478:
3470:
3455:
3435:
3427:
3412:
3393:
3374:
3364:December 11,
3362:. Retrieved
3355:
3346:
3334:
3322:
3314:
3299:
3280:
3261:
3253:
3238:
3233:May 8, 2009.
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:the original
3194:Wicked Local
3193:
3183:
3171:
3152:
3143:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3097:
3090:
3068:November 19,
3066:. Retrieved
3062:
3059:"Membership"
3053:
3043:November 19,
3041:. Retrieved
3032:
3020:. Retrieved
3016:
3006:
2998:
2978:
2954:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2906:
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2873:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2791:. Retrieved
2784:the original
2771:
2763:
2758:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2663:
2657:
2646:
2634:. Retrieved
2620:
2610:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2572:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2530:Ethnohistory
2529:
2524:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2475:
2444:
2438:
2423:
2403:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2379:
2350:November 22,
2348:. Retrieved
2344:
2323:
2312:November 22,
2310:. Retrieved
2306:
2292:November 25,
2290:. Retrieved
2285:
2260:November 21,
2258:. Retrieved
2254:
2245:
2235:November 21,
2233:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2205:
2197:
2187:November 21,
2185:. Retrieved
2180:
2154:November 21,
2152:. Retrieved
2148:
2120:. Retrieved
2115:
2111:
2085:. Retrieved
2081:
2045:November 19,
2043:. Retrieved
2031:
2019:. Retrieved
2014:
2002:
1954:
1938:
1929:
1836:
1835:
1764:James Mooney
1733:Demographics
1689:
1682:
1664:
1660:Nipmuc Tribe
1657:
1648:
1638:
1621:
1611:
1569:
1565:
1546:
1535:
1511:
1503:
1490:
1474:
1461:
1453:
1418:
1414:
1395:
1368:
1356:
1348:oral history
1341:
1326:
1309:
1280:
1246:
1229:
1221:
1213:Rhode Island
1202:
1196:
1180:
1169:
1138:
1115:
1107:
1095:
1086:
1068:
1059:
1033:After 1650,
1032:
1012:
993:
988:Thanksgiving
985:
977:Massachusett
958:
950:
940:
926:
922:Newfoundland
903:
860:
850:
843:
829:family. The
820:
781:
773:
769:
750:
739:
724:
715:
705:
698:
691:
684:
672:
660:Please help
655:verification
652:
587:Plymouth Bay
490:
481:
466:Please help
454:
407:
397:
384:
380:
379:
367:
339:
303:
299:Rhode Island
271:
263:Massachusett
256:
236:
224:Rhode Island
207:
165:
163:
143:, and other
130:Massachusett
95:Rhode Island
39:Ethnic group
36:
5012:(Charlotte)
4820:Slapsgiving
4771:Fluppy Dogs
4702:You Name It
4504:Apple cider
4278:History and
3966:"Moby-Dick"
3894:www.bia.gov
3869:www.bia.gov
3591:"Wampanoag"
3439:WPRI News,
2863:pp. 384â388
2820:Salisbury,
2333:1721.1/8740
1885:(1675â1676)
1237:West Indies
1184:Deer Island
1091:Paul Revere
1089:, 1772, by
931:arrived in
906:New England
892:helped the
865:reconstruct
839:orthography
753:matrilineal
742:New England
677:"Wampanoag"
327:West Indies
93:, formerly
5315:Categories
5158:Basketball
5073:(Plymouth)
5023:America's
4898:Associated
4713:Television
4477:Deep-fried
4402:Cornucopia
4280:traditions
4055:38, 1981.
3982:References
3823:August 28,
3562:January 1,
3022:August 28,
2811:pp. 47â48.
2793:October 9,
2485:1018149266
2307:Boston.com
2122:August 28,
2087:August 28,
2021:August 28,
1820:Wampanoag
1804:Wampanoag
1553:John Kerry
1354:epidemic.
1232:Mount Hope
1205:Pequawkets
1035:John Eliot
991:observer.
914:Tisquantum
890:Tisquantum
879:See also:
835:John Eliot
816:John Eliot
761:matrifocal
718:April 2018
688:newspapers
554:Nantucket
400:John Smith
269:language.
18:Wampanoags
5321:Wampanoag
5295:The Match
5025:(Detroit)
4509:Hazelnuts
4397:Wampanoag
4392:Massasoit
4336:Mayflower
4205:Wampanoag
4145:), 2008.
3516:hollywood
2277:Sources:
1995:Citations
1963:Cuttyhunk
1931:Moby Dick
1928:'s novel
1873:Massasoit
1867:Corbitant
1843:Askamaboo
1824:US Census
1808:US Census
1683:Numerous
1337:Edgartown
1260:, or the
1150:Pennacook
981:Pokanoket
942:Massasoit
577:Cape Cod
455:does not
408:Pokanoket
404:Pokanoket
398:In 1616,
381:Wampanoag
283:Nantucket
232:Nantucket
166:Wampanoag
101:Languages
43:Wampanoag
5121:Football
5083:Protests
4908:Cultural
4489:Stuffing
4482:Tofurkey
4330:Pilgrims
3768:ICT News
3594:Archived
3531:Archived
3463:Archived
3444:Archived
3420:Archived
3402:Archived
3382:Archived
3307:Archived
3288:Archived
3269:Archived
3246:Archived
3160:Archived
2750:Archived
2746:20113559
2490:June 11,
2386:June 18,
2082:Omniglot
1948:See also
1922:Tashtego
1909:Wamsutta
1901:Weetamoo
1895:Wamsutta
1779:unknown
1622:Aquinnah
1576:Cape Cod
1363:usufruct
1352:smallpox
1333:Gay Head
1300:Cape Cod
1258:Virginia
1249:Nipmucks
1146:Cape Cod
1122:Pocomtuc
1098:Wamsutta
1023:Mohegans
961:smallpox
933:Plymouth
929:Pilgrims
861:Wôpanâak
796:Marriage
791:Polygamy
606:Pocasset
582:Patuxet
574:Mashpee
568:Cape Cod
525:Assonet
385:Wapanoos
329:, or on
279:Cape Cod
275:Weymouth
210:, are a
208:Wôpanâak
141:Naumkeag
114:Religion
108:Wôpanâak
69:engineer
49:Wôpanâak
5047:Macy's
5018:Chicago
5002:Parades
4567:Pumpkin
4519:Carrots
4460:Cuisine
4387:Squanto
4382:Samoset
4307:Halifax
4069:1921953
4048:, 1958.
3851:bia.gov
3643:July 2,
2833:Plane,
2824:p. 106.
2807:Plane,
2737:2957993
2558:Plane,
2545:Plane,
1879:Metacom
1749:Source
1743:Number
1486:Mashpee
1454:updated
1344:Tisbury
1292:Mashpee
1277:Mashpee
1254:Bermuda
1207:), and
1154:Abenaki
1118:Nipmuck
1102:Metacom
918:Squanto
910:Patuxet
875:History
765:sachems
702:scholar
628:Culture
564:Nauset
476:removed
461:sources
359:Mashpee
353:as the
351:Taunton
347:Mashpee
333:run by
323:Bermuda
315:Metacom
291:Bristol
265:, is a
214:of the
67:MassDOT
65:with a
5267:Others
5113:Sports
4900:events
4549:Menudo
4472:Turkey
4289:Canada
4174:
4159:
4141:
4110:
4067:
4044:
4005:483246
4003:
3105:
2922:p. 21.
2876:p. 114
2837:p. 48.
2744:
2734:
2627:
2562:p. 23.
2549:p. 20.
2536:p. 20.
2483:
2451:
2411:
1817:2,756
1801:2,336
1773:5,000
1757:6,600
1677:, and
1578:. The
1519:casino
1482:powwow
1375:plague
1284:Nauset
1266:Natick
1142:Nauset
1019:Pequot
947:sachem
912:named
776:sachem
704:
697:
690:
683:
675:
610:North
509:Group
325:, the
295:Warren
138:Nauset
134:Agawam
4602:Songs
4593:Media
4572:Pecan
4562:Apple
4544:Maize
4494:Gravy
4065:JSTOR
4001:JSTOR
3847:(PDF)
3486:2006.
3128:2007.
2975:(PDF)
2787:(PDF)
2780:(PDF)
2040:(PDF)
2011:(PDF)
1814:2010
1798:2000
1784:1677
1770:1620
1754:1610
1746:Note
1740:Year
1529:, an
1000:Sowam
949:. In
709:JSTOR
695:books
4558:Pie
4539:Yams
4172:ISBN
4157:ISBN
4139:ISBN
4108:ISBN
4042:ISBN
3970:The
3926:2023
3901:2023
3876:2023
3825:2022
3800:2023
3775:2023
3750:2023
3707:2023
3645:2012
3564:2022
3366:2007
3103:ISBN
3070:2023
3045:2023
3024:2022
2795:2014
2742:PMID
2638:2024
2625:ISBN
2492:2018
2481:OCLC
2449:ISBN
2409:ISBN
2388:2021
2352:2019
2314:2019
2294:2021
2262:2023
2237:2023
2189:2023
2156:2023
2124:2022
2089:2022
2047:2023
2023:2022
1953:The
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800:clan
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3993:doi
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