Wang BASIC - Knowledge

22: 451:. In allows one to implement multi-line function definitions, which other dialects sometimes offered using the conventional function style rather than using GOSUB. Additionally, named routines in the range 0 to 31 were assigned to the similarly numbed keys on the 2200 keyboard, allowing them to be called directly with a single keypress. 974:

The majority of the additions in 2200B were related to input/output, and mostly to working with floppy disk files. It introduced the concept of having several different file types, including the data file, indicated by prefixing "DA" on the file commands. A variety of other commands supported working

818:

The LOAD command was also used for chaining. One could optionally add start and end line numbers, in which case any existing lines between those limits would be deleted, or from the start line to the end of the program if only one number was specified. The new program is then loaded at that point and

890:

would produce an array of values in B, with each element containing the ASCII code for the corresponding character in A$ ; in this case, B would contain 49,50,51,52,46,53, the ASCII values for the characters "1234.5". Wang's CONVERT also had a second mode that took a format specifier like PRINTUSING

649:

String variables were supported, and concatenation was supported using the plus operator. In contrast to later BASICs which used dynamic length strings on a heap, like Microsoft, Wang BASIC set all strings to a default length of 16 characters and would ignore any characters assigned beyond that.

835:

BASIC in the 2200B was a major expansion of the 2200A version. The additions can generally be classed into four categories; missing features, additional string commands, vector-like commands, and input/output. The differences between the version can be found in table form in the 2200 overview

420:, was not supported. One limitation of Wang BASIC, as in the case of the original Dartmouth as well, is that the THEN clause of an IF statement could only be a line number, in contrast to more modern dialects that allow any statement after the THEN. It also lacked boolean conjunctions like 496:

Like most dialects of the era, variable names could consist of a single uppercase letter or a letter followed by a single digit. It did not support two-letter names. Multiple variables could be set to an initial value using a comma-separated list, for instance,

1087:(ROM) and was instead loaded from disk at boot time, which allowed it to be easily patched in the field to fix bugs. It was also much faster, about eight times, due to a focus on performance rather than size, and the better performance of the VP platform. 257:(return) key is pressed. Line numbers ranged from 0 to 9999. Lines could be up to 192 characters, spanning several on-screen lines, and lines could contain multiple statements separated by colons. To aid organizing large programs, the language included a 1308:

compiler as well as a further updated version of BASIC, BASIC-3. At the time, they expected to release it in beta form in August, and for all customers in November. The system was sent to a small number of sites for beta testing, but never released.

768:

As machines of the era had very limited amounts of memory, most dialects of BASIC included some way to "chain" programs together to allow a single program to be broken up into smaller modules. In Wang BASIC, this was accomplished with the

232:

The following description is based on the original BASIC found in the 2200A. Not all of the instructions listed below would be available in the base model; 2200B and C added dozens of new keywords, and are outlined separately below.

1027:

Later models in the series added some or all of the commands in the B or C versions, but only the 2200T expanded on them. Most notable in the expansions was the addition of matrix math, but a few I/O details were also added.

487:

statements could include a prompt, along with a comma-delimited list of one or more variables. Semicolons could not be used in the INPUT, and the cursor always remained at the end of the last printed element during entry.

708:

would return 3. To further confuse matters, empty string variables always returned a length of 1. Note that the string functions do not include the $ , in contrast to most BASICs where these functions would be named

650:

Unused characters at the end of a string were filled with space characters, and any trailing spaces were ignored in PRINT statements, which is another potential source of problems when porting code to Wang BASIC.

946:

2200B also included a number of commands that worked in a vector-like fashion to perform common tasks that would normally be carried out using a loop, or in Dartmouth versions, matrix math commands. For example,

185:

series of the early 1970s. When these machines were updated to the VP series in 1976, BASIC-2 was introduced and remained the pattern for future machines in the 2200 series. A planned BASIC-3 was never released.

1296:

system to allow a single machine support up to twelve terminals. Known as the 2200MVP, the first units shipped in January 1978. The four-user LVP and single-user SVP models of the same machine shipped in 1980.

791:. When a separate program module is LOADed, the values in these variables will not be cleared, in contrast to the non-common variables which will be reset. Common variables could be cleared explicitly using 640:

statement seen in other BASICs. This is a potential source of bugs when porting from other dialects, which generally ignored the parameter and often used zero as a parameter simply as a common placeholder.

635:

function did not treat the parameter as a placeholder; any non-zero value made it operate like the RND seen in other BASICs, while a value of zero restarted the number sequence in the same fashion as the

457:

supported comma and semicolon separating parameters, the former moving the cursor to the next 16-character wide column, the later leaving the cursor at the end of the printed value. It supported the

197:(ROM), and thus the number of commands available in BASIC on that machine. For instance, the B model machines differed from the base-model A by doubling the ROM and using that to store a variety of 1031:

The matrix math commands were largely identical to those found in later releases of Dartmouth BASIC. These generally took the form of an assignment, like LET, but replacing the LET with

807:

to reset just the status of A. Confusingly, COM CLEAR also reset any other COM variables defined before A, so the results of COM CLEAR A would be different if the original program used

928:

produces three characters, two backspaces and a cursor-right. HEX is the counterpart to the ASC function found in most BASICs, but uses a hex input instead of a decimal number.

760:. One could use SELECT with a variety of pre-defined devices, like CI for "console input" (normally the keyboard) or LIST to redirect the program listing to a different device. 2476: 1090:

IF statements were limited in the original version, and were significantly improved in BASIC-2. Boolean conjunctions were added, allowing more complex tests like

1284:

Default string size did not change, the but maximum size was increased from 64 to 124 characters. Maximum array dimensions increased from 255 to 65535 elements.

733:

could reset the READ pointer, and was expanded from the original Dartmouth version by allowing the pointer to be set particular item in the list, for instance,

951:

took a list of expressions, added them together and returned the result. This was accomplished much faster than the same expressed using an infix expression;

661:, instead of using parens as in a typical DIM statement. Strings had a maximum length of 64 characters. The syntax allowed lists of strings, for instance 43: 36: 380:(for "P"rogram) was the equivalent of NEW but added optional from and to line numbers, deleting just that range of lines in a fashion similar to the 477:. Any characters other than the formatting characters were echoed back during the print, so one could define a complete output with something like 3024: 886:

would leave B$ with something like "123 ". Dartmouth BASIC included a CHANGE command but it was very different in purpose, in Dartmouth,

863:

function was similar to LEN, but returned the length of the substring up to the first non-numeric character. For instance, if A$ is "1234.5",

1083:

was the primary goal, the new BASIC-2 also added a number of missing features. The most notable change was that BASIC was no longer stored in

787:

in modern terminology. A program using chaining would typically declare a number of variables to be common near the top of the code, perhaps

827:

The original Wang BASIC came in several versions differing in the amount of ROM-based microcode, and thus the number of keywords supported.

744:

statement could be used to redirect output from other BASIC commands to other devices, based on the "address" of the device. For instance,

756:

would do the same for any following LIST statements. SELECT also had an optional following parameter to set the maximum line length, like

3292: 1269:

would format the square root of three to two decimals and put the result in A$ . Several new pseudo-functions were added to PRINT; the

2562: 1039:

would produce a matrix A whose elements were the sums of the corresponding elements in matrix B and C. Other matrix commands include

317:

command, typically used for debugging, allowed an optional following string that was printed out when that statement was performed.

1003:

In contrast to the 2200B version, which was a major expansion on the 2200A, 2200C was much more limited in scope. It added the

2203: 2911: 657:

statement, which in this case used the slightly odd syntax of putting the length immediately after the variable name, like

729:

statement, which started at the first data element and then moved a pointer forward to the next element with every READ.

86: 2151: 1292:

In March 1977, Wang announced an expanded version of the VP system that included more memory, up to 256 KB, and a

58: 1262:

checks if the string in the first parameter matches the format in the second, the format was the same as PRINTUSING.

105: 178:. The term can be used to refer to the BASIC on any Wang machine, but is mostly associated with the versions on the 2095: 271:

displayed only the first 15 lines and then paused. When paused, pressing the EXEC key displayed the next 15 lines.

469:

and a separate "image". The image was defined using a separate line starting with the percent sign, for instance,

65: 2774: 2237: 799:

clears non-common variables and leaves common variables alone. Variables could also be declared non-common using

737:, which set it to the 10th element. Only 256 values could be entered in DATA statements in total in one program. 299:

was the opposite of SKIP, rewinding the file pointer. Working with disk storage was slightly more complex, using

3128: 3123: 924:

would put a space character (hex 20) into the first character of A$ . Multiple codes could be inserted at once;

2906: 1223:

would branch to lines 10, 20 or 30 if the value in X was 1, 2 or 3, while any other value would branch to 100.

2979: 2889: 2522: 2131: 431:

One interesting addition to the language was the idea of named routines. The implementation was based on the

220:(BCD) format, which was unusual for BASICs of the era. It lacked many features common to later dialects like 1357:, which was identical. Several BASICs of the home computer era also used a variation of this model, notably 72: 2674: 443:. To further confuse matters, the DEFFN line was a true function definition and could use parameters, like 3287: 2834: 2649: 2442: 2436: 2114: 874:

2200B did not add a STR$ function, which converts a numeric value to a string. Instead, they added the

3297: 2779: 2684: 2190: 2164: 1277:

drew a box of the given width and heigh with the upper left corner at the current cursor position, and

321:

could be used to print out lines as they were run, which was often used in conjunction with the custom

171: 54: 1123:

The statement following the THEN no longer had to be an implied GOTO, allowing common statements like

3171: 2784: 2654: 2215: 287:

would read over the next two files found on the cassette tape, and then stop, allowing a subsequent

2447: 2177: 935:

A special purpose command was added to fill out a string with an initial value that's not a space.

819:

execution starts at the start line number, or start of the program if no start line was specified.

209: 32: 696:

returns the five characters of A$ starting at character 10. The second parameter was optional,

189:

Wang offered several models of each version of the 2200 series, differing only in the amount of

3221: 3005: 2624: 2251: 1325:

Wang had long produced business calculators using BCD, so this was not unusual for the company.

1080: 892: 465:. In common with other "high end" BASICs of the era, Wang BASIC offered formatted output with 3108: 2951: 2918: 2481: 2285: 1304:, Wang announced a major update of the MVP series microcode. The $ 2,000 "C" option added a 3176: 3040: 2992: 2931: 2845: 2749: 2636: 2349: 2344: 2339: 1354: 815:, in the first example all three would be reset while in the second only A would be reset. 217: 748:

would send the output of subsequent PRINT statements to the printer at address 215, while

8: 3256: 3146: 3020: 2359: 2292: 2230: 878:

command to read strings into numbers and vice versa. For instance, using the A$ above,

725:

statements for storing constants within the program code, and these were read using the

79: 2432: 505:

was always optional. Variables could be made into lists (one-dimensional arrays) using

124: 253:, switching to the later when a line number is seen at the start of the line when the 3133: 2969: 2769: 2605: 2315: 2302: 396:

was similar to CLEAR V, but did not clear the value of shared variables (see below).

175: 129: 1242:

is similar to FIX but rounds to the decimal place provided in the second parameter.

435:

statement followed by a single quote and then a number from 0 to 255, for instance,

303:, where F referred to one of a number of pre-defined drives, in this case "F"ixed. 2961: 2595: 2400: 2367: 1084: 194: 1273:

function was similar in concept to TAB, but moved the cursor to the X,Y location,

891:

and used that to convert a number to a formatted string in a fashion analogous to

3166: 3156: 3098: 2956: 2900: 2579: 2331: 2275: 1574: 1336: 1293: 1076: 784: 246: 242: 221: 205: 159: 3261: 3241: 3113: 2858: 2714: 2600: 2491: 2428: 2223: 589: 213: 1254:

returned the value among the list of inputs with the highest or lowest value.

920:

converted a hexadecimal value into the corresponding character. For instance,

914:, POS could search for only a single character, not a multi-character string. 713:, for instance, indicating the return value is a string, not a numeric value. 3281: 3266: 3151: 3054: 2679: 2395: 2382: 2372: 2281: 1358: 1301: 1230:, which always rounded toward zero instead of INT which always rounded down; 677: 276: 245:

concept, and will be familiar to users of any common BASIC interpreters like

241:

The original Wang BASIC for the 2200 is a relatively standard version of the

3181: 3093: 2983: 2694: 2610: 2462: 2415: 198: 182: 3161: 3103: 3000: 2941: 2868: 2734: 2724: 2669: 2527: 2512: 2486: 2321: 1362: 250: 3251: 3246: 3231: 2878: 2794: 2729: 2704: 2664: 2644: 2567: 2547: 2507: 2471: 2390: 839:

Missing features that were addressed in 2200B included the addition of

513:

which made a list of 5 numeric values. or two-dimensional arrays using

584:

was an alias for ARCTAN. Trigonometric functions normally operated in

3216: 3196: 3186: 3141: 3118: 3069: 3058: 2946: 2759: 2739: 2719: 2709: 2542: 2267: 2245: 309:

started execution, and could be directed to a particular line, as in

190: 179: 21: 3206: 3201: 3191: 3010: 2894: 2789: 2764: 2689: 2517: 2423: 2310: 665:

made a list of 5 strings of the default 16 character length, while

653:

The storage length of any single string could be changed using the

216:

system. A notable feature was that all math used double-precision

3236: 2863: 2819: 2804: 2699: 2587: 2405: 1079:

required an entirely new BASIC to be written from scratch. While

896: 597: 372:

command to clear memory of an existing program, instead one used

1374:

Other BASICs that had this feature generally used the full term

704:

returned the length of the string, ignoring trailing spaces, so

3226: 3211: 3064: 3015: 2873: 2853: 2814: 2809: 2659: 2557: 2552: 2537: 2532: 851:

read a character from the keyboard without pausing, similar to

585: 859:

searched a string and returned a numeric value within it. The

2247: 1880: 1878: 1305: 906:

function returns the index of a given character in a string;

329:

keys on the keyboard to move line-by-line through a program.

1863: 1581: 871:, NUM would return 10, because spaces are valid in numbers. 3030: 2799: 1997: 1995: 1970: 1968: 1841: 1839: 1533: 1531: 1875: 1742: 1740: 3050: 721:

In keeping with the Dartmouth model, Wang BASIC included

2055: 2043: 2019: 2007: 1992: 1980: 1965: 1953: 1926: 1914: 1902: 1890: 1836: 1824: 1812: 1800: 1788: 1776: 1764: 1752: 1677: 1665: 1641: 1617: 1605: 1593: 1543: 1528: 1492: 2031: 1851: 1737: 1725: 1713: 1701: 1689: 1653: 1629: 1555: 1504: 1480: 1468: 1420: 1408: 943:

would put the hex value 41, the character A, into B$ .

249:. Like most BASIC interpreters, Wang BASIC operated in 1516: 1456: 1444: 1432: 1396: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 1943: 1941: 1246:

performs integer division and returns the remainder.

882:

would result in B containing the value 1234.5, while

388:

clears out variable values, normally accomplished by

1007:

command for clearing shared variables, a version of

224:, but many of these features were added in BASIC-2. 428:, so the test could have only a single comparison. 267:was used to display the program source code, while 2067: 1938: 783:declared one or more variables to be "common", or 520:Relational operators included the standard set of 803:, which reset all common variables to normal, or 3279: 1075:The introduction of the 2200VP's completely new 1051:for the zero matrix, and various utilities like 236: 700:returned everything from the 5th character on. 1187:. ELSE could also be used with ON statements; 680:command that replaces the DEC/Microsoft-style 2231: 1015:was used to "pop" a GOSUB off the stack, and 1151:clause was added and had to follow a colon; 672:There were a small set of string functions. 669:made a list of 10 strings of 20 characters. 1267:PRINTUSING TO A$ , "#.##", SQR(3) 908:POS("HELLO WORLD", "L") 822: 2238: 2224: 2205:Commodore 64 Programmer's Reference Guide 2202: 2150: 2061: 2049: 2037: 2025: 2013: 2001: 1986: 1974: 1959: 1932: 1920: 1908: 1896: 1884: 1869: 1857: 1845: 1830: 1818: 1806: 1794: 1782: 1770: 1758: 1746: 1731: 1719: 1707: 1695: 1683: 1671: 1659: 1647: 1635: 1623: 1611: 1599: 1587: 1561: 1549: 1537: 1522: 1510: 1498: 1486: 1474: 1462: 1450: 1438: 1426: 1414: 1402: 1265:PRINTUSING could now output to a string; 204:Wang BASIC closely followed the original 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 1019:for trapping errors within the program. 939:would fill A$ with X characters, while 3280: 2176: 2166:Wang BASIC-2 Language Reference Manual 2163: 2153:Wang BASIC Language Programming Manual 2082: 1258:returns the base-10 log of the value. 42:Please improve this article by adding 2219: 2189: 1947: 1353:This appears to have been taken from 752:returned output to the built-in CRT. 2211:. Commodore Business Machines. 1982. 910:would return 3. In contrast to MS's 763: 15: 2185:. Wang Laboratories. February 1982. 867:would return 6, whereas if A$ was 544:. Trigonometric functions included 13: 2103:. Datapro Research. February 1981. 439:. This could then be called using 14: 3309: 3293:BASIC programming language family 932:did the same for binary numbers. 491: 449:GOSUB'5("hello", 4) 955:would be completed quicker than 869:"1234.5 " 479:180 % ANGLE= #.#### RADIANS 473:and then using that format with 404:Branching was supported through 333:was used to set a delay between 20: 2144: 2124: 2107: 2088: 1567: 1368: 1347: 1328: 716: 384:command seen in some dialects. 1319: 301:LOAD DC F "filename" 251:immediate mode or program mode 227: 201:and file management commands. 1: 1385: 447:, which could be called with 275:saved the current program to 237:Program editing and execution 44:secondary or tertiary sources 1390: 1047:for the identity matrix and 975:with these files, including 604:, returning to radians with 7: 2477:Extra! Basic Macro Language 2443:Data General Extended BASIC 608:. Other functions included 501:. As with most BASICs, the 295:to work on the third file. 172:BASIC programming languages 141:; 51 years ago 10: 3314: 2198:. Wang Laboratories. 1976. 2172:. Wang Laboratories. 1979. 2159:. Wang Laboratories. 1976. 2115:"2200 Series Enhancements" 1287: 1070: 644: 588:, but could be set to use 3172:Disk Extended Color BASIC 3086: 3039: 2991: 2978: 2930: 2844: 2832: 2785:Open Programming Language 2748: 2635: 2623: 2578: 2500: 2461: 2414: 2381: 2358: 2330: 2301: 2266: 2259: 1375: 1341: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1188: 1184:"IT IS NOT TEN" 1152: 1148: 1124: 1091: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 940: 936: 929: 925: 921: 917: 911: 907: 903: 887: 883: 879: 875: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 780: 774: 770: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 734: 730: 726: 722: 710: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 673: 666: 662: 658: 654: 637: 632: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 593: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 484: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 399: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 352: 348: 334: 330: 318: 314: 310: 306: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 281:LOAD "filename" 280: 273:SAVE "filename" 272: 268: 264: 258: 158: 153: 135: 123: 3070:WinFBE, Visual FB Editor 2448:Southampton BASIC System 2192:2200 Introductory Manual 1312: 1300:On 2 April 1981, at the 1281:returned the hex value. 1022: 998: 959:. Similar commands were 937:INIT ("X") A$ 830: 823:Variations on 2200 BASIC 706:LEN("ABC ") 631:Unlike most BASICs, the 365:second after each line. 355:would cause it to pause 2179:2200 Systems Option "C" 351:set the delay to zero, 3222:MS BASIC for Macintosh 3006:Visual Basic (classic) 2311:TI-BASIC (calculators) 2250:programming language ( 2097:Programmable Terminals 1226:New functions include 1081:backward compatibility 758:SELECT PRINT 215 (132) 416:. The alternate form, 208:in syntax, but was an 31:relies excessively on 3109:Atari Microsoft BASIC 2952:Microsoft Small Basic 2919:Embedded Visual Basic 2482:VSI BASIC for OpenVMS 1172:"IT IS TEN" 1144:"IT IS TEN" 995:to erase everything. 979:to duplicate a file, 676:is a general-purpose 475:190 PRINTUSING 180, N 3177:Extended Color BASIC 2345:Rocky Mountain BASIC 2340:HP Time-Shared BASIC 2137:. Wang Laboratories. 1355:HP Time-Shared BASIC 1234:returns -4, whereas 471:180 % ##,###.## 218:binary-coded decimal 3257:TI BASIC (TI 99/4A) 3147:Benton Harbor BASIC 2360:Locomotive Software 1872:, pp. 145–150. 1590:, pp. 158–159. 1334:See, for instance, 1011:that returned hex, 991:to erase a file or 445:DEFFN'5(A$ , N) 174:for computers from 136:First appeared 120: 3288:BASIC interpreters 1575:"BASIC comparison" 884:CONVERT 123 TO B$ 461:function, but not 392:in most dialects. 118: 3298:Wang Laboratories 3275: 3274: 3135:BASIC Programming 3082: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3021:Visual Basic .NET 2828: 2827: 2619: 2618: 2606:Super Expander 64 2316:TI Extended BASIC 2303:Texas Instruments 1887:, pp. 20–21. 926:PRINT HEX(080809) 764:Chaining programs 628:pseudo-variable. 376:to reset memory. 283:read it back in. 176:Wang Laboratories 165: 164: 130:Wang Laboratories 116: 115: 108: 90: 3305: 2989: 2988: 2962:OpenOffice Basic 2842: 2841: 2633: 2632: 2571: 2401:North Star BASIC 2368:Locomotive BASIC 2264: 2263: 2246:Dialects of the 2240: 2233: 2226: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2199: 2197: 2186: 2184: 2173: 2171: 2160: 2158: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1963: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1615: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1579: 1578: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1541: 1535: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1379: 1377: 1372: 1366: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1332: 1326: 1323: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240:ROUND(value,num) 1237: 1233: 1229: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1085:read-only memory 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1035:. For instance, 1034: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 942: 938: 931: 927: 923: 919: 913: 909: 905: 889: 885: 881: 880:CONVERT A$ TO B 877: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 782: 776: 772: 759: 755: 751: 750:SELECT PRINT 005 747: 746:SELECT PRINT 215 743: 736: 732: 728: 724: 712: 707: 703: 699: 695: 692:. For instance, 691: 687: 683: 675: 668: 664: 660: 656: 639: 634: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 595: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 486: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 364: 363: 359: 354: 350: 346: 345: 341: 336: 332: 320: 316: 312: 308: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 274: 270: 266: 260: 212:as opposed to a 195:read-only memory 149: 147: 142: 121: 117: 111: 104: 100: 97: 91: 89: 48: 24: 16: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3278: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3167:Dartmouth BASIC 3157:Commodore BASIC 3099:Applesoft BASIC 3074: 3042: 3035: 2982: 2974: 2933: 2926: 2901:Microsoft Excel 2837: 2824: 2751: 2744: 2628: 2615: 2574: 2565: 2496: 2457: 2410: 2377: 2354: 2332:Hewlett-Packard 2326: 2297: 2280:TRS-80 BASICs ( 2276:Microsoft BASIC 2255: 2244: 2208: 2195: 2182: 2169: 2156: 2147: 2142: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2120:. 2 April 1981. 2117: 2113: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2081: 2068: 2060: 2056: 2048: 2044: 2036: 2032: 2024: 2020: 2012: 2008: 2000: 1993: 1985: 1981: 1973: 1966: 1958: 1954: 1946: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1907: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1876: 1868: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1844: 1837: 1829: 1825: 1817: 1813: 1805: 1801: 1793: 1789: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1745: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1690: 1682: 1678: 1670: 1666: 1658: 1654: 1646: 1642: 1634: 1630: 1622: 1618: 1610: 1606: 1598: 1594: 1586: 1582: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1544: 1536: 1529: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1493: 1485: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1461: 1457: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1433: 1425: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1373: 1369: 1352: 1348: 1337:Super Star Trek 1333: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1294:terminal server 1290: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1077:instruction set 1073: 1025: 1001: 983:within a file, 888:CHANGE A$ TO B 868: 833: 825: 789:COM A,B,I,A$ 20 766: 754:SELECT LIST 215 719: 647: 494: 402: 361: 357: 356: 343: 339: 338: 328: 324: 256: 247:Microsoft BASIC 243:Dartmouth BASIC 239: 230: 222:Microsoft BASIC 206:Dartmouth BASIC 170:is a series of 160:Dartmouth BASIC 145: 143: 140: 112: 101: 95: 92: 49: 47: 41: 37:primary sources 25: 12: 11: 5: 3311: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3262:Turbo-BASIC XL 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3242:Sinclair BASIC 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3114:Atari ST BASIC 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3047: 3045: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2995: 2986: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2938: 2936: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2859:Chipmunk Basic 2856: 2850: 2848: 2839: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2641: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2601:Super Expander 2598: 2593: 2592:Graphics BASIC 2590: 2584: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2494: 2492:CALL/360:BASIC 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2468: 2466: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2429:Business Basic 2426: 2420: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2385: 2383:Microcomputers 2379: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2364: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2336: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2289: 2278: 2272: 2270: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2243: 2242: 2235: 2228: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2200: 2187: 2174: 2161: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2140: 2132:"2200 BASIC-3" 2123: 2106: 2087: 2066: 2064:, p. 215. 2062:WangBASIC 1976 2054: 2052:, p. 188. 2050:WangBASIC 1976 2042: 2038:Commodore 1982 2030: 2028:, p. 196. 2026:WangBASIC 1976 2018: 2016:, p. 183. 2014:WangBASIC 1976 2006: 2004:, p. 193. 2002:WangBASIC 1976 1991: 1989:, p. 192. 1987:WangBASIC 1976 1979: 1977:, p. 156. 1975:WangBASIC 1976 1964: 1962:, p. 130. 1960:WangBASIC 1976 1952: 1937: 1935:, p. 273. 1933:WangBASIC 1976 1925: 1923:, p. 277. 1921:WangBASIC 1976 1913: 1911:, p. 275. 1909:WangBASIC 1976 1901: 1899:, p. 272. 1897:WangBASIC 1976 1889: 1885:WangBASIC 1976 1874: 1870:WangBASIC 1976 1862: 1858:Commodore 1982 1850: 1848:, p. 190. 1846:WangBASIC 1976 1835: 1833:, p. 189. 1831:WangBASIC 1976 1823: 1821:, p. 185. 1819:WangBASIC 1976 1811: 1809:, p. 139. 1807:WangBASIC 1976 1799: 1797:, p. 128. 1795:WangBASIC 1976 1787: 1785:, p. 137. 1783:WangBASIC 1976 1775: 1773:, p. 107. 1771:WangBASIC 1976 1763: 1761:, p. 106. 1759:WangBASIC 1976 1751: 1747:WangBASIC 1976 1736: 1732:WangBASIC 1976 1724: 1720:WangBASIC 1976 1712: 1708:WangBASIC 1976 1700: 1696:WangBASIC 1976 1688: 1686:, p. 210. 1684:WangBASIC 1976 1676: 1674:, p. 135. 1672:WangBASIC 1976 1664: 1660:WangBASIC 1976 1652: 1650:, p. 102. 1648:WangBASIC 1976 1640: 1636:WangBASIC 1976 1628: 1626:, p. 172. 1624:WangBASIC 1976 1616: 1614:, p. 169. 1612:WangBASIC 1976 1604: 1602:, p. 162. 1600:WangBASIC 1976 1592: 1588:WangBASIC 1976 1580: 1566: 1562:Commodore 1982 1554: 1552:, p. 124. 1550:WangBASIC 1976 1542: 1540:, p. 274. 1538:WangBASIC 1976 1527: 1523:WangBASIC 1976 1515: 1511:Commodore 1982 1503: 1501:, p. 118. 1499:WangBASIC 1976 1491: 1489:, p. 121. 1487:WangBASIC 1976 1479: 1477:, p. 116. 1475:WangBASIC 1976 1467: 1463:WangBASIC 1976 1455: 1451:WangBASIC 1976 1443: 1439:WangBASIC 1976 1431: 1429:, p. 123. 1427:WangBASIC 1976 1419: 1417:, p. 125. 1415:WangBASIC 1976 1407: 1403:WangBASIC 1976 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1367: 1346: 1327: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1289: 1286: 1072: 1069: 1024: 1021: 1000: 997: 832: 829: 824: 821: 765: 762: 718: 715: 646: 643: 493: 492:Math and logic 490: 401: 398: 347:second units; 326: 322: 254: 238: 235: 229: 226: 214:compile-and-go 163: 162: 156: 155: 151: 150: 137: 133: 132: 127: 114: 113: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3310: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3268: 3267:Vilnius BASIC 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3152:Chinese BASIC 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3055:Basic4android 3052: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2929: 2923:WinWrap Basic 2922: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2680:Liberty BASIC 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2596:Simons' BASIC 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2416:Minicomputers 2413: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2396:Integer BASIC 2394: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2373:Mallard BASIC 2371: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2222: 2221: 2218: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2148: 2133: 2127: 2116: 2110: 2099: 2098: 2091: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2063: 2058: 2051: 2046: 2040:, p. 37. 2039: 2034: 2027: 2022: 2015: 2010: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1988: 1983: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1961: 1956: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1934: 1929: 1922: 1917: 1910: 1905: 1898: 1893: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1871: 1866: 1860:, p. 34. 1859: 1854: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1827: 1820: 1815: 1808: 1803: 1796: 1791: 1784: 1779: 1772: 1767: 1760: 1755: 1749:, p. 81. 1748: 1743: 1741: 1734:, p. 78. 1733: 1728: 1722:, p. 83. 1721: 1716: 1710:, p. 82. 1709: 1704: 1698:, p. 49. 1697: 1692: 1685: 1680: 1673: 1668: 1662:, p. 20. 1661: 1656: 1649: 1644: 1638:, p. 56. 1637: 1632: 1625: 1620: 1613: 1608: 1601: 1596: 1589: 1584: 1576: 1570: 1564:, p. 39. 1563: 1558: 1551: 1546: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1524: 1519: 1513:, p. 62. 1512: 1507: 1500: 1495: 1488: 1483: 1476: 1471: 1465:, p. 65. 1464: 1459: 1453:, p. 60. 1452: 1447: 1441:, p. 14. 1440: 1435: 1428: 1423: 1416: 1411: 1405:, p. 46. 1404: 1399: 1395: 1371: 1364: 1360: 1359:Integer BASIC 1356: 1350: 1340:, which uses 1339: 1338: 1331: 1322: 1318: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1302:Hannover Fair 1298: 1295: 1285: 1282: 1263: 1252:MIN(d,e,f...) 1248:MAX(a,b,c...) 1224: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1068: 1029: 1020: 996: 972: 944: 941:INIT (41) B$ 933: 915: 900: 898: 894: 872: 855:in MS BASIC. 837: 828: 820: 816: 786: 778: 761: 738: 714: 694:STR(B$ ,10,5) 679: 678:array slicing 670: 667:DIM B$ (10)20 651: 642: 629: 599: 591: 587: 518: 489: 482: 452: 429: 397: 368:There was no 366: 304: 278: 262: 252: 248: 244: 234: 225: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 202: 200: 196: 192: 187: 184: 181: 177: 173: 169: 161: 157: 154:Influenced by 152: 138: 134: 131: 128: 126: 122: 110: 107: 99: 96:December 2020 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: – 56: 52: 51:Find sources: 45: 39: 38: 34: 29:This article 27: 23: 18: 17: 3182:Family BASIC 3137:(Atari 2600) 3134: 3094:Altair BASIC 2695:Mobile BASIC 2611:YS MegaBasic 2463:Time-sharing 2452: 2437:Data General 2318:(aka XBasic) 2286:Level II/III 2204: 2191: 2178: 2165: 2152: 2145:Bibliography 2126: 2109: 2096: 2090: 2057: 2045: 2033: 2021: 2009: 1982: 1955: 1950:, p. 2. 1928: 1916: 1904: 1892: 1865: 1853: 1826: 1814: 1802: 1790: 1778: 1766: 1754: 1727: 1715: 1703: 1691: 1679: 1667: 1655: 1643: 1631: 1619: 1607: 1595: 1583: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1525:, p. 8. 1518: 1506: 1494: 1482: 1470: 1458: 1446: 1434: 1422: 1410: 1398: 1370: 1349: 1335: 1330: 1321: 1299: 1291: 1283: 1264: 1238:returns -5. 1225: 1089: 1074: 1030: 1026: 1013:RETURN CLEAR 1002: 993:SCRATCH DISK 973: 953:A=ADD(B,C,D) 945: 934: 916: 901: 873: 838: 834: 826: 817: 779: 777:statements. 767: 739: 720: 717:Data and I/O 671: 652: 648: 630: 519: 495: 483: 453: 441:GOSUB '1 437:DEFFN' 1 430: 403: 367: 325:(break) and 305: 263: 240: 231: 203: 199:input/output 188: 183:minicomputer 167: 166: 102: 93: 83: 76: 69: 62: 55:"Wang BASIC" 50: 30: 3162:Color BASIC 3104:Atari BASIC 3043:open source 3001:CA-Realizer 2993:Proprietary 2966:ScriptBasic 2934:open source 2869:LotusScript 2846:Proprietary 2780:Indic BASIC 2752:open source 2735:Turbo Basic 2725:Tiger-BASIC 2670:FutureBASIC 2637:Proprietary 2566: [ 2528:Casio BASIC 2513:Astro BASIC 2487:SUPER BASIC 2322:TI-BASIC 83 2083:BASIC2 1979 1363:Atari BASIC 987:files, and 922:A$ =HEX(20) 805:COM CLEAR A 499:LET A,B,C=1 228:Description 210:interpreter 3282:Categories 3252:SuperBASIC 3247:STOS BASIC 3232:QuickBASIC 2957:Mono-Basic 2879:PowerBASIC 2838:extensions 2795:SmallBASIC 2730:True BASIC 2715:SmileBASIC 2705:PowerBASIC 2665:Beta BASIC 2650:AMOS BASIC 2645:AmigaBASIC 2548:Tiny BASIC 2508:AlphaBasic 2472:BASIC-PLUS 2453:Wang BASIC 2391:Atom BASIC 1948:Intro 1976 1386:References 1009:DEFFN' 845:ON...GOSUB 836:document. 735:RESTORE 10 698:STR(C$ ,5) 663:DIM A$ (5) 515:DIM B(5,5) 467:PRINTUSING 193:stored in 168:Wang BASIC 119:Wang BASIC 66:newspapers 33:references 3217:MSX BASIC 3197:IBM BASIC 3187:GFA BASIC 3142:BBC BASIC 3059:Basic4ppc 2984:designers 2947:FreeBASIC 2899:VB 5 for 2886:Run BASIC 2770:DarkBASIC 2760:Basic-256 2740:WordBASIC 2720:ThinBasic 2710:PureBasic 2625:Procedure 2580:Extenders 2543:SDS BASIC 2465:computers 2293:BASIC 1.0 2268:Microsoft 1391:Citations 1236:INT(-4.5) 1232:FIX(-4.5) 1037:MAT A=B+C 1005:COM CLEAR 841:ON...GOTO 813:COM A,B,S 809:COM S,B,A 801:COM CLEAR 659:DIM A$ 40 638:RANDOMIZE 406:IF...THEN 353:SELECT P3 349:SELECT P0 337:lines in 297:BACKSPACE 261:command. 191:microcode 180:Wang 2200 125:Developer 3207:MacBASIC 3202:JR-BASIC 3192:GW-BASIC 3129:BASIC XL 3124:BASIC XE 3119:BASIC A+ 3041:Free and 3011:NS Basic 2942:BlitzMax 2932:Free and 2895:VBScript 2883:ProvideX 2790:SdlBasic 2775:Euphoria 2765:Basic4GL 2750:Free and 2690:MapBasic 2629:oriented 2518:BASICODE 2424:BASIC-11 2350:HP Basic 2291:Thomson 1279:HEXOF(v) 1275:BOX(W,H) 1017:ON ERROR 865:NUM(A$ ) 795:, while 624:and the 606:SELECT R 602:SELECT G 598:gradians 594:SELECT D 534:<> 511:DIM A(5) 509:, as in 331:SELECT P 277:cassette 259:RENUMBER 3237:S-BASIC 3087:Defunct 3025:Mercury 2864:GLBasic 2820:Yabasic 2805:wxBasic 2700:OWBasic 2588:BASIC 8 2563:ETBASIC 2406:SCELBAL 2282:Level I 2260:Classic 1344:widely. 1288:BASIC-3 1271:AT(X,Y) 1071:BASIC-2 989:SCRATCH 957:A=B+C+D 897:sprintf 876:CONVERT 853:INKEY$ 797:CLEAR N 793:CLEAR V 731:RESTORE 645:Strings 590:degrees 586:radians 394:CLEAR N 386:CLEAR V 378:CLEAR P 360:⁄ 342:⁄ 311:RUN 100 285:SKIP 2F 144: ( 80:scholar 3227:QBasic 3212:MBASIC 3065:Gambas 3016:RapidQ 2970:Roslyn 2874:Morfik 2854:AutoIt 2835:object 2815:Xblite 2810:XBasic 2660:BasicX 2558:ZBasic 2553:UBASIC 2538:PBASIC 2533:CBASIC 1376:COMMON 1342:RND(0) 985:VERIFY 785:global 742:SELECT 600:using 592:using 566:ARCTAN 562:ARCCOS 558:ARCSIN 433:DEF FN 400:Syntax 382:DELETE 313:. The 269:LIST S 82: 75: 68: 61: 53: 2833:With 2675:GRASS 2570:] 2501:Other 2248:BASIC 2209:(PDF) 2196:(PDF) 2183:(PDF) 2170:(PDF) 2157:(PDF) 2135:(PDF) 2118:(PDF) 2101:(PDF) 1313:Notes 1306:COBOL 1181:PRINT 1169:PRINT 1147:. An 1141:PRINT 1057:MERGE 1043:ert, 1023:2200T 999:2200C 912:INSTR 849:KEYIN 831:2200B 711:STR$ 690:RIGHT 542:>= 538:<= 485:INPUT 463:SPC() 459:TAB() 455:PRINT 418:GO TO 414:GOSUB 374:CLEAR 335:TRACE 319:TRACE 87:JSTOR 73:books 3031:Xojo 2912:VSTA 2907:VSTO 2903:5.0 2800:QB64 2655:ASIC 2252:list 1361:and 1250:and 1217:ELSE 1196:GOTO 1178:ELSE 1166:THEN 1149:ELSE 1138:THEN 1117:THEN 1065:SORT 1063:and 1061:MOVE 1053:COPY 981:MOVE 977:COPY 967:and 902:The 843:and 775:LOAD 773:and 740:The 727:READ 723:DATA 686:LEFT 576:and 540:and 530:> 526:< 412:and 410:GOTO 327:STEP 323:HALT 315:STOP 293:SAVE 289:LOAD 279:and 265:LIST 255:EXEC 146:1973 139:1973 59:news 3051:B4X 2980:RAD 2890:VBA 2685:LSE 2523:BAL 2433:B32 1260:VER 1256:LGT 1244:MOD 1228:FIX 1220:100 1120:... 1105:AND 1049:ZER 1045:IDN 1041:INV 1033:MAT 969:XOR 965:AND 949:ADD 930:BIN 918:HEX 904:POS 895:'s 861:NUM 857:VAL 811:or 781:COM 771:COM 702:LEN 682:MID 674:STR 655:DIM 633:RND 626:#PI 622:RND 618:SGN 614:ABS 610:INT 596:or 582:ATN 578:SQR 574:EXP 570:LOG 554:TAN 550:COS 546:SIN 507:DIM 503:LET 424:or 422:AND 390:CLR 370:NEW 307:RUN 291:or 35:to 3284:: 3057:, 2568:zh 2435:, 2284:, 2069:^ 1994:^ 1967:^ 1940:^ 1877:^ 1838:^ 1739:^ 1530:^ 1211:30 1205:20 1199:10 1190:ON 1163:10 1154:IF 1135:10 1126:IF 1114:10 1093:IF 1067:. 1059:, 1055:, 971:. 963:, 961:OR 899:. 847:. 620:, 616:, 612:, 580:. 572:, 568:, 564:, 560:, 556:, 552:, 548:, 536:, 532:, 528:, 524:, 517:. 481:. 426:OR 408:, 46:. 3061:) 3053:( 3027:) 3023:( 2627:- 2439:) 2431:( 2288:) 2254:) 2239:e 2232:t 2225:v 2085:. 1577:. 1378:. 1365:. 1214:: 1208:, 1202:, 1193:X 1175:: 1160:= 1157:X 1132:= 1129:X 1111:= 1108:Y 1102:5 1099:= 1096:X 893:C 688:/ 684:/ 522:= 362:2 358:1 344:6 340:1 148:) 109:) 103:( 98:) 94:( 84:· 77:· 70:· 63:· 40:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index