3183:
91:
3513:) that was of no military significance, but the pilots had no idea of determining it aside from their orders. The committee ruled that "the aircrew involved in the attack should not be assigned any responsibility for the fact they were given the wrong target and that it is inappropriate to attempt to assign criminal responsibility for the incident to senior leaders because they were provided with wrong information by officials of another agency". The report also notes that "Much of the material submitted to the OTP consisted of reports that civilians had been killed, often inviting the conclusion to be drawn that crimes had therefore been committed. Collateral casualties to civilians and collateral damage to civilian objects can occur for a variety of reasons."
3009:
5307:"One category of military personnel which was refused the advantages of the Convention in the course of the Second World War comprised German and Japanese troops who fell into enemy hands on the capitulation of their countries in 1945 (6). The German capitulation was both political, involving the dissolution of the Government, and military, whereas the Japanese capitulation was the only military. Moreover, the situation was different since Germany was a party to the 1929 Convention and Japan was not. Nevertheless, the German and Japanese troops were considered as surrendered enemy personnel and were deprived of the protection provided by the 1929 Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War."
2642:
2462:
2230:
3581:
5339:"Under the present provision, the Convention applies to persons who "fall into the power" of the enemy. This term is also used in the opening sentence of Article 4, replacing the expression "captured" which was used in the 1929 Convention (Article 1). It indicates clearly that the treatment laid down by the Convention applies not only to military personnel taken prisoner in the course of fighting but also to those who fall into the hands of the adversary following surrender or mass capitulation."
3553:
3567:
6542:
47:
2593:
3271:, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements, or assurances. Because the definition of a state of "war" may be debated, the term "war crime" itself has seen different usage under different systems of international and military law. It has some degree of application outside of what some may consider being a state of "war", but in areas where conflicts persist enough to constitute social instability.
3490:
extraordinary military advantage would be necessary to justify an operation posing risks of collateral death or injury to thousands of civilians. In "grayer" cases the legal question of whether the expected incidental harm is excessive may be very subjective. For this reason, States have chosen to apply a "clearly excessive" standard for determining whether a criminal violation has occurred.
2658:
2743:
was brought to trial charged with genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes in three republics. This pertained to superior responsibility for the Bosnia and
Croatia indictments, and individual responsibility for the Kosovo indictment. He was acquitted as he died in custody in 2006, before the
3460:
applies to armed conflicts not of an international character and thus does not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar nature. It applies to armed conflicts that take place in the territory of a State
3532:
policy for the military purpose of denying the use of ground for the enemy. The German troops retreating from
Finnish Lapland believed Finland would be occupied by Soviet troops and destroyed many settlements while retreating to Norway under the command of Rendulic. He overestimated the perceived
3489:
For example, conducting an operation on an ammunition depot or a terrorist training camp would not be prohibited because a farmer is plowing a field in the area; the farmer is not the object of attack and the operations would adhere to proportionality and military necessity. On the other hand, an
3485:
and can be permissible. Military necessity "permits the destruction of life of ... persons whose destruction is incidentally unavoidable by the armed conflicts of the war; ... it does not permit the killing of innocent inhabitants for purposes of revenge or the satisfaction of a lust to
2579:
Also known as the Tokyo Trial, the Tokyo War Crimes
Tribunal or simply as the Tribunal, it was convened on May 3, 1946, to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for three types of crimes: "Class A" (crimes against peace), "Class B" (war crimes), and "Class C" (crimes against humanity), committed
2401:
for persons and objects in modern warfare are still not ratified by several states continuously engaged in armed conflicts, namely the United States, Israel, India, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, and others. Accordingly, states retain different codes and values about wartime conduct. Some signatories have
2392:
are four related treaties adopted and continuously expanded from 1864 to 1949 that represent a legal basis and framework for the conduct of war under international law. Every single member state of the United
Nations has currently ratified the conventions, which are universally accepted as
4698:
2417:
2611:, came into being for the prosecution of war crimes committed on or after that date. Several nations, most notably the United States, China, Russia, and Israel, have criticized the court. The United States still participates as an observer. Article 12 of the
5051:
4496:
4690:
3376:
was intentionally altered from that of the 1929 convention so that soldiers who "fall into the power" following surrender or mass capitulation of an enemy are now protected as well as those taken prisoner in the course of fighting.
3309:, there was no international treaty or instrument protecting a civilian population specifically from attack by aircraft, therefore the aerial attacks on civilians were not officially war crimes. The Allies at the trials in
4130:
3372:. By December 1945, six months after the war had ended, it was estimated by French authorities that 2,000 German prisoners were still being killed or maimed each month in mine-clearing accidents. The wording of the 1949
3450:
applies to armed conflicts not of an international character and thus does not apply to situations of internal disturbances and tensions, such as riots, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or other acts of a similar
3540:
Under the "Rendulic Rule" persons must assess the military necessity of an action based on the information available to them at that time; they cannot be judged based on information that subsequently comes to light.
4504:
5041:
2397:, applicable to every situation of armed conflict in the world. The Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions adopted in 1977 containing the most pertinent, detailed and comprehensive protections of
4633:
3501:
For aerial strikes, pilots generally have to rely on information supplied by external sources (headquarters, ground troops) that a specific position is in fact a military target. In the case of former
2764:
was arrested in
Belgrade on July 18, 2008, and brought before Belgrade's War Crimes Court a few days later. He was extradited to the Netherlands, and is currently in The Hague, in the custody of the
5488:
7632:
3397:
Grave breaches of the Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely, any of the following acts against persons or property protected under the provisions of the relevant Geneva Convention:
7552:
4564:
3493:
When there is no justification for military action, such as civilians being made the object of attack, a proportionality analysis is unnecessary to conclude that the attack is unlawful.
4327:
4939:
3481:
be made the object of an attack, but the death/injury of civilians while conducting an attack on a military objective are governed under principles such as of proportionality and
4138:
2754:
was also brought to The Hague charged with war crimes; his trial stretched from 2007 to March 2011. He was convicted in April 2012 of aiding and abetting crimes against humanity.
2266:
for the actions of his soldiers, because "he, as a knight, was deemed to have a duty to prevent" criminal behaviour by a military force. Despite having argued that he had obeyed
7046:
4192:
6393:
3779:
4046:
By
Edoardo Greppi, Associate Professor of International Law at the University of Turin, Italy, International Committee of the Red Cross No. 835, pp. 531–553, 30 October 1999.
4915:
5711:
3438:
Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in armed conflicts not of an international character, within the established framework of international law...
6408:
3187:
3167:, which noted that "rape and other forms of sexual violence can constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity or a constitutive act with respect to genocide"; see also
2631:
7127:
7142:
7132:
6351:
6346:
3863:
4932:"Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907"
2402:
routinely violated the Geneva
Conventions in a way that either uses the ambiguities of law or political maneuvering to sidestep the laws' formalities and principles.
7058:
6749:
3237:
2765:
7577:
3510:
2693:
6784:
7572:
7557:
7122:
4672:
3435:
In the case of an armed conflict not of an international character, serious violations of article 3 common to the four Geneva
Conventions of 12 August 1949...
6435:
5808:
2550:
2536:
4630:
6578:
5139:
5480:
4444:
3221:. As the attack on Pearl Harbor happened while the U.S. and Japan were at peace and without a just cause for self-defense, the attack was declared by the
7252:
4474:
2615:
provides jurisdiction over the citizens of non-contracting states if they are accused of committing crimes in the territory of one of the state parties.
2519:
Just after WWI, world governments started to try and systematically create a code for how war crimes would be defined. Their first outline of a law was "
3182:
4379:
4058:
4131:"1949 Geneva Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field – Centre for International Law"
7720:
7582:
7137:
3715:
3432:
Other serious violations of the laws and customs applicable in international armed conflict, within the established framework of international law...
5184:
7567:
7467:
6744:
3658:
2989:; he was captured in Serbia in May 2011 and was extradited to face trial in The Hague, wherein he was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison.
2574:
5219:
5185:"The Atomic Bombing, The Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal and the Shimoda Case: Lessons for Anti-Nuclear Legal Movements by Yuki Tanaka and Richard Falk"
4833:
7562:
6376:
5438:
3164:
5768:
3528:
was charged for ordering extensive destruction of civilian buildings and lands while retreating from a suspected enemy attack in what is called
2618:
The ICC only has jurisdiction over these crimes when they are "part of a plan or policy or as part of a large-scale commission of such crimes".
7627:
6774:
6371:
6322:
5322:
5290:
4556:
3764:
6381:
6364:
5481:"Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the NATO Bombing Campaign Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"
3132:, permits belligerents to engage in combat. A war crime occurs when superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering is inflicted upon an enemy.
7512:
7502:
7497:
7227:
6359:
4909:
Protocol
Additional to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflict
4691:"Muktijuddho (Bangladesh Liberation War 1971) – Butcher of Bengal General Tikka Khan takes charge in East Pakistan – History of Bangladesh"
4317:
4108:
3357:
2440:
4856:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 62. Improper Use of Flags or Military Emblems, Insignia or Uniforms of the Adversary"
3175:
convicted someone of sexual violence for the first time; specifically, they added rape to a war crimes conviction of Congo Vice President
7532:
7517:
7452:
7442:
7272:
7147:
4931:
4863:
3853:
3739:
7602:
7387:
7372:
7202:
7187:
6754:
6312:
5748:
5357:
3241:
4350:"Decision on Motion for Judgement of Acquittal in the Milosevic Case | International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia"
4189:
7607:
7522:
7402:
7327:
7307:
7302:
7172:
6642:
5407:
Trials of war criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council law no. 10, Nuremberg, October 1946-April, 1949
5332:
5300:
3302:
2292:, Netherlands, in 1899 and 1907, respectively, and were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the first formal statements of the
5715:
4240:
7622:
7547:
7457:
7412:
7357:
7277:
7237:
7217:
6571:
6478:
5316:
5284:
5018:
4935:
4104:
3688:
3070:
1034:
5383:
4650:
4265:
7674:
7644:
7612:
7597:
7487:
7447:
7432:
7427:
7392:
7342:
7297:
7232:
7212:
7207:
7192:
7177:
7167:
7162:
7152:
6388:
4039:
3693:
2469:
1466:
4912:
3412:
Extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly
2476:
Two Additional Protocols were adopted in 1977 with the third one added in 2005, completing and updating the Geneva Conventions:
7592:
7587:
7542:
7492:
7477:
7462:
7422:
7407:
7382:
7347:
7282:
7242:
7222:
7157:
7097:
6858:
6317:
4291:
3057:, but also include failures to adhere to norms of procedure and rules of battle, such as attacking those displaying a peaceful
7715:
7617:
7537:
7527:
7437:
7397:
7377:
7362:
7352:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7292:
7287:
7267:
7257:
7247:
6423:
5778:
5659:
5631:
5610:
5575:
5554:
5253:
5168:
5082:
4809:
4782:
4757:
4724:
4173:
4009:
3600:
3306:
3232:
War crimes are significant in international humanitarian law because it is an area where international tribunals such as the
4534:
4411:
4015:
7482:
7472:
7337:
7332:
7262:
5905:
5851:
3616:
3214:
2964:, more commonly known by his nickname "Chemical Ali", executed by post-Ba'athist Iraq for his leadership of the gassing of
2712:
3477:(LOAC), the death of non-combatants is not necessarily a violation; there are many things to take into account. Civilians
3461:
when there is protracted armed conflict between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups
7756:
7182:
6564:
4295:
3754:
1822:
90:
7197:
6999:
6612:
6398:
6341:
6110:
5910:
4586:
4234:
3663:
3291:
2961:
2283:
2184:
2017:
1795:
405:
4101:"Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 6 July 1906"
7710:
7004:
4885:
3326:
2805:
was indicted for allegedly ordering the killings of protesters and civilians and crimes against humanity, during the
2454:
1471:
3866:, including those citizens who were denaturalized for concealing their involvement in war crimes in order to obtain
3008:
3295:
1549:
5734:. Northwestern University School of Law Center for International Human Rights and Documentation Center of Cambodia
2954:, aka "Butcher of Bengal" was a notorious Pakistan Army General known for his war crimes in Bangladesh during the
7771:
7029:
6958:
6948:
6440:
6090:
5513:
1894:
1532:
1319:
139:
5143:
4434:
7417:
7367:
6815:
6759:
6249:
5881:
5809:
A Criminological Analysis of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq By Ronald C. Kramer and Raymond J. Michalowski
5414:
5103:
3774:
3152:
3043:
2398:
1658:
4466:
7766:
7053:
6632:
5773:
4353:
3074:
2780:, 10 of the 11 charges in total, and sentenced to 40 years' imprisonment. He was sentenced to life on appeal.
2371:
2075:
1522:
4963:"Injury profile suffered by targets of antipersonnel improvised explosive devices: prospective cohort study"
4375:
4055:
3364:(allegedly unprotected by the 1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War), many of which were then used for
2187:
for international war. In the aftermath of the Second World War, the war-crime trials of the leaders of the
7507:
7117:
6963:
6779:
6764:
6595:
6445:
6403:
6336:
5972:
5892:
4826:"United States of America, Practice Relating to Rule 65. Perfidy, Section I. Simulation of civilian status"
3967:
3172:
3017:
2758:
2604:
2012:
711:
471:
2288:
The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at
7705:
6953:
6820:
6602:
6226:
5783:
5188:
3651:
3646:
3486:
kill. The destruction of property to be lawful must be imperatively demanded by the necessities of war."
3199:
2701:
2394:
2168:
2022:
1209:
1006:
877:
415:
5813:
5211:
2430:
was adopted in 1906 and then significantly revised and replaced by the Second Geneva Convention of 1949.
6851:
6657:
6587:
6489:
6418:
6331:
4825:
3922:
3897:
3683:
3418:
Willfully depriving a prisoner of war or other protected person of the rights of fair and regular trial
2955:
2909:
2810:
2790:, is charged with three counts of genocide, crimes against humanity and other war crimes regarding the
2196:
1486:
31:
17:
2229:
7746:
6810:
6413:
6304:
6032:
5962:
5532:
3937:
2996:
2665:
2514:
2428:
for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea
1596:
1104:
448:
322:
156:
5319:
5287:
2641:
2461:
2132:, and for any individual that is part of the command structure who orders any attempt to committing
6288:
6100:
6027:
5945:
5935:
5844:
5803:
5793:
4322:
3887:
3789:
3720:
3611:
2866:
2751:
2596:
Bodies of some of the hundreds of Vietnamese villagers who were killed by U.S. soldiers during the
2447:
2424:
2149:
2047:
1914:
1461:
1154:
967:
815:
5042:"In historic ruling, international court cites rape in war crimes conviction of ex-Congo official"
4603:
7695:
7092:
6668:
6502:
6197:
6145:
6094:
5940:
5930:
5404:
4859:
4829:
3962:
3902:
3373:
3176:
3168:
3110:
2777:
2740:
2737:
2719:
2562:
2434:
2410:
2367:
2125:
2000:
1982:
1738:
1297:
1219:
1164:
1044:
757:
420:
299:
38:
4100:
3415:
Compelling a prisoner of war or other protected person to serve in the forces of a hostile Power
3274:
The legalities of war have sometimes been accused of containing favoritism toward the winners ("
7751:
7639:
7102:
7041:
7024:
6932:
6825:
6800:
6693:
6130:
6006:
5925:
5685:
3799:
3784:
3744:
3636:
3279:
3249:
3218:
3156:
2853:
2844:
2405:
The first three conventions have been revised and expanded, with the fourth one added in 1949:
2363:
2263:
2234:
2204:
1867:
1842:
1564:
1476:
1349:
1224:
820:
797:
223:
122:
5649:
4855:
4165:
7700:
6888:
6844:
6473:
6150:
6135:
6125:
6105:
6052:
5814:
Investigating Human Rights – Reaching Out to Diaspora Communities in U.S. for War Crimes Tips
3537:
authorized the destruction because it was necessary to war. He was acquitted of that charge.
3474:
3361:
3338:
3160:
3129:
2806:
2761:
2661:
2157:
2153:
1456:
1389:
1342:
991:
954:
917:
835:
787:
671:
481:
274:
178:
5752:
5349:
4153:
7034:
6883:
6769:
6627:
4590:
3947:
3912:
3877:
3867:
3843:
3813:
3264:
3256:
2903:
2826:
was charged with several counts of human rights violations committed by his government and
2748:
2554:
2472:
that began on March 26, 2015, involved airstrikes in apparent violation of the laws of war.
2192:
1847:
1749:
1606:
1601:
1419:
1384:
1119:
934:
792:
728:
582:
552:
129:
5329:
5297:
2414:
for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field
8:
7761:
7741:
6979:
6726:
6673:
6637:
6545:
6507:
6244:
6215:
5837:
5798:
5046:
5010:
4890:
3927:
3917:
3833:
3794:
3678:
3626:
3534:
3275:
3245:
2945:
2885:
2686:
2558:
2416:
was adopted in 1864 and then significantly revised and replaced by the 1906 version, the
2251:
2208:
1698:
1683:
1559:
1446:
1424:
1399:
1359:
1269:
1079:
979:
929:
696:
686:
651:
443:
433:
183:
107:
4074:
2862:
7087:
6710:
6705:
6678:
6617:
6468:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6261:
6239:
6234:
6192:
6182:
6042:
6037:
5920:
5871:
5600:
5432:
4987:
4962:
4439:
4261:
3952:
3710:
3703:
3673:
3668:
3621:
3482:
3278:"), as some controversies have not been ruled as war crimes. Some examples include the
3226:
3106:
3013:
2734:
2676:
2627:
2465:
2389:
2383:
2327:
2315:
2271:
2224:
2200:
2180:
2161:
2032:
1887:
1807:
1728:
1673:
1648:
1569:
1515:
1481:
1412:
1329:
1239:
1144:
1089:
974:
939:
892:
767:
738:
691:
629:
604:
438:
232:
151:
4036:
3042:
War crimes are serious violations of the rules of customary and treaty law concerning
2840:
6893:
6622:
6266:
6220:
6057:
6015:
5999:
5655:
5627:
5606:
5571:
5550:
5459:
5420:
5410:
5249:
5164:
5158:
5117:
5078:
4992:
4805:
4799:
4778:
4753:
4230:
4169:
4154:
4076:
4005:
3838:
3818:
3698:
3631:
3268:
3097:
individuals behind enemy lines while so disguised is not, as it constitutes unlawful
2820:
2523:—also known as the "Lieber Code." A small number of German military personnel of the
2297:
2259:
2101:
2068:
1977:
1924:
1827:
1817:
1812:
1782:
1765:
1760:
1733:
1678:
1379:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1234:
1204:
1094:
1064:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
944:
897:
867:
706:
499:
476:
410:
3725:
3322:
2875:
2037:
7776:
7107:
6739:
6688:
6463:
6254:
4982:
4974:
4720:
4222:
3957:
3769:
3233:
3113:
and surrendering parachutists once landed. Article 30 of the 1907 Hague Convention
3066:
3061:, or using that same flag as a ruse to mount an attack on enemy troops. The use of
3025:
2857:
2823:
2723:
2546:
2540:
2443:
and then significantly revised and replaced by the Third Geneva Convention of 1949.
2141:
2105:
2042:
2007:
1939:
1832:
1770:
1663:
1591:
1584:
1441:
1374:
1324:
1314:
1189:
1109:
1069:
1054:
1016:
1001:
872:
857:
810:
718:
676:
619:
614:
572:
395:
372:
264:
188:
117:
100:
51:
5320:
Commentaries on the Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
5288:
Commentaries on the Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
5140:"The Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, "Brief Primer on IHL""
2370:
as well as stated the military responsibilities of the Union soldier fighting the
6805:
6607:
6530:
6428:
6047:
6010:
5915:
5769:
Command's Responsibility: Detainee Deaths in U.S. Custody in Iraq and Afghanistan
5689:
5621:
5565:
5544:
5336:
5326:
5304:
5294:
5011:"Security Council Demands Immediate and Complete Halt to Acts of Sexual Violence"
4919:
4637:
4526:
4401:
4196:
4062:
4043:
3999:
3995:
3932:
3828:
3605:
3586:
3572:
3525:
3342:
3330:
3136:
3062:
2870:
2802:
2597:
2524:
2347:
2319:
2267:
2172:
1852:
1837:
1755:
1711:
1653:
1309:
1304:
1194:
1184:
1099:
1074:
1011:
852:
782:
772:
624:
609:
532:
504:
294:
289:
269:
112:
5527:
5350:"United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect"
4978:
4214:
2978:
2545:
The modern concept of war crime was further developed under the auspices of the
7082:
6497:
6063:
6021:
5379:
5245:
4775:
Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special Operations Team
4226:
4200:
4078:
Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field
3942:
3858:
3823:
3529:
3386:
3094:
3021:
2941:
2899:
2889:
2783:
2689:
2650:
2646:
2335:
2332:
Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field
2027:
1775:
1199:
1159:
1137:
1124:
1114:
1084:
996:
949:
752:
743:
634:
587:
567:
557:
527:
494:
382:
339:
304:
279:
146:
79:
5823:
5100:
The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: The Pursuit of Justice in the Wake of World War II
4435:"Radovan Karadzic, a Bosnian Serb, Gets 40 Years Over Genocide and War Crimes"
4287:
2921:
2715:
2708:
2322:
issued as General Order 100 on April 24, 1863, just months after the military
7735:
6556:
6115:
5994:
5463:
4497:"UN appeals court increases Radovan Karadzic's sentence to life imprisonment"
3641:
3267:. Crimes against peace include planning, preparing, initiating, or waging a
3058:
2791:
2727:
2672:
2211:
extrapolated and defined additional categories of war crimes applicable to a
1874:
1862:
1718:
1638:
1554:
1537:
1394:
1249:
1229:
907:
902:
882:
862:
777:
748:
723:
599:
577:
562:
537:
377:
284:
242:
237:
134:
5424:
3496:
2521:
Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field"
6922:
6878:
6867:
6647:
6165:
6069:
5967:
5714:. International Committee of the Red Cross. October 3, 2013. Archived from
4996:
4037:
The evolution of individual criminal responsibility under international law
3892:
3882:
3848:
3390:
3365:
3287:
3222:
3077:. Wearing enemy uniforms or civilian clothes to infiltrate enemy lines for
2935:
2931:
2925:
2917:
2849:
2827:
2612:
2581:
2498:
2494:
relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts.
2355:
2351:
2133:
2061:
1987:
1967:
1962:
1857:
1802:
1436:
1431:
1254:
1169:
912:
646:
547:
344:
228:
5405:
Germany (Territory under Allied occupation, 1945–1955: U.S. Zone) (1997).
4895:
4156:
The International Committee of the Red Cross: A Neutral Humanitarian Actor
2203:
legally defined new war crimes and established that states could exercise
2100:
responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally
7654:
6927:
6917:
6534:
6120:
5955:
5900:
5125:
5075:
Responding to International Crime (International Studies in Human Rights)
3759:
3283:
3144:
3118:
3102:
3086:
2992:
2986:
2489:
2343:
2309:
2293:
2188:
2176:
2093:
1972:
1723:
1688:
1527:
1214:
1179:
887:
830:
733:
517:
218:
213:
5567:
The conduct of hostilities under the law of international armed conflict
4747:
3566:
2568:
2565:, which are often committed during wars and in concert with war crimes.
54:(17 December 1944), where 84 U.S. prisoners of war were murdered by the
6172:
5950:
3907:
3749:
3558:
3502:
3346:
3191:
2968:
villages during the Iran-Iraq War; also governor of illegally occupied
2951:
2773:
2527:
were tried in 1921 by the German Supreme Court for alleged war crimes.
2485:
relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts.
2480:
2359:
2145:
1929:
1899:
1621:
985:
5605:(Hardcover). Vol. 2 (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File.
3409:
Willfully causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or health
2944:, former U.S. Army officer found guilty of murder for his role in the
2167:
The formal concept of war crimes emerged from the codification of the
4190:
Human Rights Watch: Saudi strikes in Yemen violated international law
4161:
3369:
3349:, nor the Japanese for the aerial attacks on crowded Chinese cities.
3334:
3318:
3310:
3140:
3078:
3034:
2879:
2768:. The trial began in 2010. On March 24, 2016, he was found guilty of
2608:
2323:
2289:
2212:
2207:
over war criminals. In the late 20th century and early 21st century,
2129:
1919:
1743:
1643:
1633:
1628:
1493:
1284:
1279:
1244:
681:
367:
334:
203:
55:
5271:
S. P. MacKenzie "The Treatment of Prisoners of War in World War II"
3552:
7112:
6683:
6512:
6160:
5990:
5731:
3580:
3210:
3206:
3148:
3082:
2982:
2973:
2769:
2137:
2117:
2097:
1934:
1909:
1542:
1174:
1149:
762:
317:
259:
171:
46:
5593:
American Immunity: War Crimes and the Limits of International Law.
4349:
3046:, criminal offenses for which there is individual responsibility.
2592:
7669:
7664:
6187:
6177:
6155:
6140:
5458:. United States Department of Defense Office of General Counsel.
5242:
Terror from the Sky: The Bombing of German Cities in World War II
4721:"BBC News – Ratko Mladic trial: Charge sheet amended – Brammertz"
4608:
4075:
Francis Lieber, LL.D. and revised by a Board of Officers (1863).
3872:
3098:
2697:
2121:
2113:
2109:
1944:
1904:
1668:
1502:
1498:
840:
825:
701:
362:
357:
327:
246:
208:
5651:
The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in War
4911:, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland.
4797:
4557:"Sudan's Forces for Freedom and Change: 'Hand Al Bashir to ICC'"
3521:
The Rendulic Rule is a standard by which commanders are judged.
3393:, the treaty that established the International Criminal Court:
3103:
enemy troops while they are being deployed by way of a parachute
2587:
7649:
6836:
6700:
5804:
CBC Digital Archives – Fleeing Justice: War Criminals in Canada
3301:(the most destructive single bombing raid in history), and the
3195:
3090:
3029:
2969:
2798:
2683:
2339:
2255:
2238:
1451:
847:
664:
400:
5788:
5695:
5267:
5265:
4318:"ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin on war crime allegations"
3780:
The International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq
3406:
Torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments
2664:
demanding the death penalty for the war criminals of the 1971
5829:
4527:"Omar al-Bashir: Sudan's ex-president on trial for 1989 coup"
3314:
3236:
and Tokyo Trials have been convened. Recent examples are the
3122:
2787:
2503:
relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem.
2451:
relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
922:
458:
453:
7659:
5546:
An introduction to international criminal law and procedure
5262:
4673:"Fujimori gets 25 years on conviction in human rights case"
3506:
2965:
2817:
2632:
List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court
198:
193:
4960:
3864:
List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States
2233:
A ditch full of the bodies of Chinese civilians killed by
27:
Individual act constituting a violation of the laws of war
6750:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
6487:
5817:
5485:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
4406:
4004:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 63–66.
3608:, investigation into Australian war crimes in Afghanistan
3497:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
3353:
3238:
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
2766:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
2657:
71:
4262:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998"
3421:
Unlawful deportation or transfer or unlawful confinement
2985:
amongst other violations of humanitarian law during the
6785:
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
4402:"Liberia ex-leader Charles Taylor get 50 years in jail"
3352:
Controversy arose when the Allies re-designated German
3111:
attacking parachutists who eject from disabled aircraft
2893:
2530:
5599:
Horvitz, Leslie Alan; Catherwood, Christopher (2011).
5209:
4961:
Smith, S; Devine, M; Taddeo, J; McAlister, VC (2017).
4056:
highlights the first international war crimes tribunal
2453:
was first adopted in 1949, based on parts of the 1907
3135:
War crimes also include such acts as mistreatment of
3053:
include violations of established protections of the
2569:
International Military Tribunal for the Far East 1946
2537:
London Charter of the International Military Tribunal
2250:
In 1474, the first trial for a war crime was that of
5116:
4587:
Peru's Fujimori Found Guilty on Human Rights Charges
3548:
3389:
defines war crimes as described in Article 8 of the
4801:
Delta Force: The Army's Elite Counterterrorist Unit
3151:though these crimes are more broadly covered under
7633:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
6740:International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials)
5682:
5380:"Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"
3468:
3105:is not a war crime. Protocol I, Article 42 of the
2999:, guerrilla group which used to operate in Uganda.
2557:). Along with war crimes the charter also defined
7721:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
5598:
4151:
3716:United States Senate Committee on the Philippines
7733:
6770:Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
6745:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
5683:Australian Bunker And Military Museum - abmm.org
4752:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 433–434.
3659:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
3143:. War crimes are sometimes part of instances of
2679:that have been charged with war crimes include:
2636:
2575:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
2470:Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen
2420:, and later the First Geneva Convention of 1949.
5789:Rome Treaty of the International Criminal Court
4651:"Peru court finds ex-president Fujimori guilty"
4631:Fujimori declared guilty of human rights abuses
3205:War crimes also included deliberate attacks on
6586:
4604:"Peru's Fujimori sentenced to 25 years prison"
4221:, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.,
3765:Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC)
2934:, Minister of Armaments and War Production in
2296:and war crimes in the nascent body of secular
6852:
6572:
5845:
5072:
4579:
4467:"Karadzic sentenced to 40 years for genocide"
4426:
2588:Formation of the International Criminal Court
2438:relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
2069:
5824:UK's Geneva Conventions (Amendment) Act 1995
5595:Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
5077:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 358.
2907:
2813:in October 2011 before he could stand trial.
5437:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5275:, Vol. 66, No. 3. (Sep. 1994), pp. 487–520.
5160:Victors' Justice: From Nuremberg to Baghdad
5097:
5039:
4798:Beckwith, Charlie A.; Knox, Donald (2003).
4213:Day, L. Edward; Vandiver, Margaret (2003),
4212:
3854:International Criminal Court investigations
6859:
6845:
6755:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
6579:
6565:
5852:
5838:
4777:. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press.
3358:1929 Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War
3242:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
2553:that was published on August 8, 1945 (see
2199:defines what is a war crime. In 1949, the
2076:
2062:
6775:Special Panels of the Dili District Court
5774:TheRule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project
5602:Encyclopedia of War Crimes & Genocide
4986:
4081:(1st ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3303:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
3188:Soviet prisoners of war killed by Germans
3071:numerous chemical arms control agreements
2856:who was known for his involvement in the
2653:(right), wanted by the ICC for war crimes
2314:The Lieber Code was written early in the
6479:Post-conflict reception of war criminals
5563:
5210:Javier Guisández Gómez (June 30, 1998).
4936:International Committee of the Red Cross
4902:
4596:
4489:
4219:Encyclopedia of Murder and Violent Crime
4105:International Committee of the Red Cross
3740:American Service-Members' Protection Act
3317:never prosecuted the Germans, including
3181:
3115:IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land
3007:
2656:
2640:
2591:
2460:
2228:
1035:List of military strategies and concepts
50:A U.S. soldier observing victims of the
45:
7553:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5751:. Crimes of War Project. Archived from
5456:Department of Defense law of war manual
4942:from the original on September 26, 2013
4866:from the original on September 26, 2013
4836:from the original on September 26, 2013
4670:
4376:"Trial of Charles Taylor ends – Europe"
3994:
3694:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
3229:and therefore constituted a war crime.
3121:to punish enemy spies without previous
2700:and deportation into Russia during the
2607:(ICC), a treaty-based court located in
2148:despite surrender, the conscription of
14:
7734:
7645:List of human rights abuses by country
7133:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
7098:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
5360:from the original on November 23, 2020
5054:from the original on November 10, 2021
4727:from the original on February 24, 2012
4593:, 7 April 2009. Accessed 7 April 2009.
4432:
4292:United Nations Office of Legal Affairs
4111:from the original on February 22, 2014
3981:
2621:
7716:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
6840:
6560:
5833:
5746:
5712:"International criminal jurisdiction"
5647:
5542:
5475:
5473:
5450:
5448:
5386:from the original on October 19, 2013
5216:International Review of the Red Cross
5203:
4772:
4567:from the original on November 6, 2019
4537:from the original on February 1, 2021
4298:from the original on October 19, 2013
4268:from the original on October 19, 2013
4065:by Linda Grant, Harvard Law Bulletin.
4030:
3601:Allied war crimes during World War II
3307:strategic bombing during World War II
2377:
5906:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
5619:
5156:
5073:Geoff Gilbert (September 30, 2006).
5021:from the original on August 23, 2014
4745:
4739:
4356:from the original on August 18, 2017
4049:
4001:Cassese's International Criminal Law
2531:London Charter/Nuremberg trials 1945
2277:
2116:, unnecessarily destroying civilian
5491:from the original on March 31, 2022
4477:from the original on March 26, 2016
4447:from the original on March 24, 2016
4414:from the original on March 21, 2022
4330:from the original on March 17, 2023
4018:from the original on April 29, 2016
3755:Metropolitan Police War Crimes Unit
3593:
3128:The rule of war, also known as the
24:
7143:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
7005:National human rights institutions
7000:List of human rights organisations
5911:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
5507:
5470:
5445:
5222:from the original on April 3, 2013
4433:Simons, Marlise (March 24, 2016).
4382:from the original on April 1, 2011
4288:"Rome Statute, Part II, Article 8"
4243:from the original on April 3, 2022
3509:pilots hit a civilian object (the
3069:in warfare are also prohibited by
2962:Ali Hassan Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti
2284:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
2185:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
25:
7788:
6409:Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
5676:
5187:. Wagingpeace.org. Archived from
5157:Zolo, Danilo (November 2, 2009).
4701:from the original on July 9, 2021
4671:Partlow, Joshua (April 8, 2009).
3380:
3248:acting under Chapter VIII of the
2792:war in the Darfur region of Sudan
2730:in the aftermath of World War II.
2508:
2245:
7128:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
6866:
6541:
6540:
6352:Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
5747:Burns, John (January 30, 2008).
3806:
3664:Islamic State war crime findings
3579:
3565:
3551:
3516:
3244:, which were established by the
2671:To date, the present and former
2179:(1863) of the Union Army in the
2171:that applied to warfare between
89:
7253:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
6959:Natural rights and legal rights
6949:Claim rights and liberty rights
6436:Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
5398:
5372:
5342:
5310:
5278:
5234:
5177:
5150:
5132:
5122:Understanding International Law
5110:
5091:
5066:
5033:
5003:
4954:
4924:
4878:
4848:
4818:
4791:
4766:
4713:
4683:
4664:
4643:
4624:
4549:
4519:
4459:
4394:
4368:
4342:
4310:
4280:
4254:
3732:
3469:Legality of civilian casualties
3454:
3444:
2549:based on the definition in the
2270:, von Hagenbach was convicted,
7123:against Palestinians by Israel
6816:International humanitarian law
6760:Special Court for Sierra Leone
5859:
5794:Special Court for Sierra Leone
5654:. Cambridge University Press.
5626:. Cambridge University Press.
5570:. Cambridge University Press.
5549:. Cambridge University Press.
5104:Harvard University Asia Center
5040:Kevin Sieff (March 21, 2016).
4206:
4182:
4145:
4123:
4093:
4068:
3775:Special Court for Sierra Leone
3225:to go beyond justification of
3153:international humanitarian law
3044:international humanitarian law
2892:, high-ranking members of the
2692:, for his contribution in the
2399:international humanitarian law
2303:
2096:that gives rise to individual
13:
1:
5273:The Journal of Modern History
5098:Yuma Totani (April 1, 2009).
4089:– via Internet Archive.
3974:
3356:(under the protection of the
3075:Biological Weapons Convention
3003:
2694:illegal abduction of children
2649:(left) and Russian President
2637:Heads of state and government
2372:Confederate States of America
2334:(Lieber Code) was written by
6964:Negative and positive rights
6780:Special Tribunal for Lebanon
6765:International Criminal Court
5973:International Criminal Court
5533:Resources in other libraries
3968:Winter Soldier Investigation
3333:, and British cities during
3173:International Criminal Court
3032:in 1940 for mass execution (
2924:, Commander in Chief of the
2878:, Commander in Chief of the
2605:International Criminal Court
7:
7706:List of human rights awards
7578:in the United Arab Emirates
6954:Individual and group rights
6821:International speech crimes
6603:Customary international law
6382:Russian invasion of Ukraine
5799:Ad-Hoc Court for East Timor
5732:"Cambodia Tribunal Monitor"
4979:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014697
4723:. Bbc.co.uk. June 1, 2011.
3689:Kashmir human rights abuses
3652:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
3647:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
3544:
3511:Chinese embassy in Belgrade
3325:, for the bombing raids on
2702:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2395:customary international law
2169:customary international law
1533:Military–industrial complex
1007:Operational manoeuvre group
10:
7793:
7757:International criminal law
7628:of the Marcos dictatorship
6643:Convention Against Torture
6588:International criminal law
6356:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
5591:Hagopian, Patrick (2013).
5382:. UN Treaty Organization.
4918:December 10, 2008, at the
4886:"Military Legal Resources"
4264:. UN Treaty Organization.
4227:10.4135/9781412950619.n482
4152:David P. Forsythe (2007).
3923:Satellite Sentinel Project
3898:Nazi human experimentation
3868:that country's citizenship
3049:Colloquial definitions of
2956:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
2910:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht
2786:, former head of state of
2645:Former Sudanese President
2625:
2572:
2534:
2512:
2381:
2307:
2281:
2222:
2218:
2197:international criminal law
36:
32:War crime (disambiguation)
29:
7688:
7573:in the State of Palestine
7558:in the Dominican Republic
7138:during the Gaddafi regime
7075:
7020:
7013:
6992:
6972:
6941:
6913:
6902:
6874:
6811:Joint criminal enterprise
6793:
6724:
6655:
6594:
6527:
6456:
6297:
6206:
6082:
6033:Joint criminal enterprise
5983:
5963:Responsibility to protect
5891:
5880:
5867:
5620:Shaw, Malcolm N. (2008).
5528:Resources in your library
5335:October 23, 2013, at the
5303:October 23, 2013, at the
4042:10 September 2009 at the
3938:State-sponsored terrorism
3085:missions is a legitimate
2666:Bangladesh Liberation War
2515:Leipzig war crimes trials
2104:or intentionally killing
1597:Loss-of-strength gradient
449:Combat information center
6731:(in order of foundation)
5564:Dinstein, Yôrām (2004).
5212:"The Law of Air Warfare"
3888:Military use of children
3790:War Crimes Law (Belgium)
3721:United States war crimes
2834:
2448:Fourth Geneva Convention
2425:Second Geneva Convention
2350:. Lincoln made the Code
2150:children in the military
1915:Military science fiction
1400:Technology and equipment
816:List of military tactics
37:Not to be confused with
7696:History of human rights
7103:Enforced disappearances
7093:Crimes against humanity
6669:Crimes against humanity
6503:Crimes against humanity
6347:Libyan civil war (2011)
6198:Wartime sexual violence
6146:Human trophy collecting
6131:Enforced disappearances
5826:– which bans war crimes
5698:. Amnesty International
5696:"Amnesty International"
5688:March 30, 2022, at the
5648:Solis, Gary D. (2010).
4860:International Red Cross
4830:International Red Cross
4773:Smith, Michael (2007).
3963:Wartime sexual violence
3903:NKVD prisoner massacres
3374:Third Geneva Convention
3217:, such as the Japanese
3177:Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo
3169:wartime sexual violence
3157:crimes against humanity
3012:A picture taken by the
2828:affiliated death squads
2778:crimes against humanity
2563:crimes against humanity
2435:Third Geneva Convention
2411:First Geneva Convention
2368:crimes against humanity
2152:and flouting the legal
2126:wartime sexual violence
1983:Wartime sexual violence
1739:Full-spectrum dominance
1550:Supply-chain management
39:Crimes against humanity
7772:Violence against women
7640:Incitement to genocide
6933:Universal jurisdiction
6826:Universal jurisdiction
6801:Command responsibility
6694:Incitement to genocide
6633:United Nations Charter
6151:Indiscriminate attacks
6136:Extrajudicial killings
6007:Command responsibility
5779:Iraqi Special Tribunal
5543:Cryer, Robert (2007).
5325:April 4, 2013, at the
5293:April 4, 2013, at the
5120:(September 22, 2004).
4378:. Al Jazeera English.
4195:July 22, 2015, at the
4061:April 3, 2022, at the
3800:War Crimes Act of 1996
3785:Universal jurisdiction
3745:Command responsibility
3726:Vietnam War#War crimes
3637:Consequences of Nazism
3341:on Allied cities with
3339:indiscriminate attacks
3297:Operation Meetinghouse
3292:firebombing of Dresden
3219:attack on Pearl Harbor
3202:
3200:German-occupied Poland
3039:
2997:Lord's Resistance Army
2908:
2854:Imperial Japanese Army
2845:Imperial Japanese Army
2759:Bosnian Serb President
2668:
2654:
2600:
2473:
2364:command responsibility
2330:. General Order 100,
2264:command responsibility
2242:
2205:universal jurisdiction
2092:is a violation of the
1895:Awards and decorations
1868:Peace through strength
1843:Low-intensity conflict
1477:Conscientious objector
1350:Area of responsibility
59:
7701:List of global issues
6474:List of global issues
6309:Gaza–Israel conflict
6126:Desecration of graves
6106:Collective punishment
5784:Crimes of War Project
5248:. 2010. p. 167.
4898:on December 18, 2017.
4636:10 April 2009 at the
4141:on February 21, 2014.
3533:risk but argued that
3475:law of armed conflict
3362:Disarmed Enemy Forces
3185:
3161:U.N. Security Council
3130:Law of Armed Conflict
3089:, though fighting in
3011:
2807:2011 Libyan civil war
2662:2013 Shahbag protests
2660:
2644:
2603:On July 1, 2002, the
2595:
2464:
2346:, and veteran of the
2232:
2195:of law, such as that
482:Torpedo data computer
472:Ship gun fire-control
49:
7767:Violence against men
7583:in the United States
7358:in Jammu and Kashmir
6904:Fundamental concepts
6727:International courts
6628:Nuremberg principles
6529:‡ Does not apply to
6508:Crimes of aggression
6490:international crimes
6394:Sri Lankan Civil War
6193:Use of human shields
6091:humanitarian workers
5767:Human Rights First;
5755:on December 31, 2008
5749:"Quarter, Giving No"
5118:Stephen C. McCaffrey
3948:Transitional justice
3913:Nuremberg Principles
3878:Mass atrocity crimes
3844:Forensic archaeology
3814:Chronicles of Terror
3305:. In regard to the
3265:crimes against peace
3257:Nuremberg Principles
2904:Generalfeldmarschall
2559:crimes against peace
2555:Nuremberg principles
2209:international courts
2193:Nuremberg principles
2013:Military occupations
1848:Military engineering
1750:Unrestricted Warfare
1607:Force multiplication
500:Military manoeuvrers
30:For other uses, see
7568:in the Soviet Union
7468:in Papua New Guinea
7118:Human rights abuses
7076:Human rights abuses
6980:Corporal punishment
6674:Crime of aggression
6638:Genocide Convention
6372:Russo-Ukrainian War
6000:Civilian casualties
5409:. William S. Hein.
5128:. pp. 210–229.
5047:The Washington Post
4891:Library of Congress
3928:Srebrenica massacre
3918:Razakars (Pakistan)
3834:Crime of aggression
3795:War Crimes Act 1991
3679:Japanese war crimes
3627:East Timor Genocide
3612:Bangladesh genocide
3321:commander-in-chief
3263:are different from
3246:UN Security Council
3117:explicitly forbids
3109:explicitly forbids
3020:rounding up Polish
2886:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
2677:heads of government
2622:Prominent indictees
2455:Hague Convention IV
2441:was adopted in 1929
2366:for war crimes and
2252:Peter von Hagenbach
1699:Penal military unit
1684:Rules of engagement
1360:Command and control
980:Operations research
444:Director (military)
434:Fire-control system
184:Command and control
65:Part of a series on
7563:in the Philippines
7088:Crime of apartheid
6679:Crime of apartheid
6618:Geneva Conventions
6469:War crime apologia
6389:Second Chechen War
6083:War crimes by type
6043:Military necessity
6038:Medical neutrality
5956:Protocol II (1977)
5921:Geneva Conventions
5872:List of war crimes
5146:on April 19, 2010.
4746:Shaw, M.N (2008).
4473:. March 24, 2016.
4440:The New York Times
4326:. March 17, 2023.
3953:Unlawful combatant
3711:Turkish war crimes
3704:Russian war crimes
3674:Italian war crimes
3669:Israeli war crimes
3622:British war crimes
3617:Bihari persecution
3483:military necessity
3424:Taking of hostages
3227:military necessity
3203:
3107:Geneva Conventions
3067:biological weapons
3040:
3018:Nazi Secret Police
3014:Polish Underground
2952:General Tikka Khan
2852:, general of the
2830:during his regime.
2749:Liberian President
2741:Slobodan Milošević
2669:
2655:
2628:List of war crimes
2601:
2474:
2390:Geneva Conventions
2384:Geneva Conventions
2378:Geneva Conventions
2328:Mankato, Minnesota
2316:American Civil War
2272:condemned to death
2243:
2225:List of war crimes
2201:Geneva Conventions
2181:American Civil War
2162:military necessity
2144:, the granting of
1808:Counter-insurgency
1729:Command of the sea
1674:Jewish laws on war
1649:Geneva Conventions
1185:Divide and conquer
975:Military operation
940:Tactical objective
439:Fire-control radar
416:Electronic-warfare
60:
7729:
7728:
7711:Three generations
7071:
7070:
6988:
6987:
6834:
6833:
6660:international law
6623:Nuremberg Charter
6613:Hague Conventions
6554:
6553:
6523:
6522:
6464:War crimes trials
6298:War crimes by war
6078:
6077:
6058:Protected persons
5951:Protocol I (1977)
5718:on March 17, 2010
5661:978-0-521-87088-7
5633:978-0-521-72814-0
5623:International law
5612:978-0-8160-8083-0
5577:978-0-521-54227-2
5556:978-0-521-87609-4
5514:Library resources
5255:978-1-84545-844-7
5191:on March 18, 2012
5170:978-1-84467-317-9
5084:978-90-04-15276-2
4811:978-0-380-80939-4
4784:978-0-312-36272-0
4759:978-0-521-89929-1
4749:International Law
4533:. July 21, 2020.
4507:on March 22, 2019
4175:978-0-415-34151-6
4011:978-0-19-969492-1
3819:Civilian internee
3699:Soviet war crimes
3684:Korean War crimes
3632:German war crimes
3368:such as clearing
3282:' destruction of
3269:war of aggression
2843:, general of the
2776:, war crimes and
2752:Charles G. Taylor
2298:international law
2278:Hague Conventions
2260:Holy Roman Empire
2254:, realised by an
2235:Japanese soldiers
2102:killing civilians
2086:
2085:
1978:Horses in warfare
1925:Anti-war movement
1828:Gunboat diplomacy
1818:Disaster response
1766:Philosophy of war
1761:Principles of war
1734:Deterrence theory
1679:Right of conquest
1602:Lanchester's laws
1370:Principles of war
1060:Counter-offensive
1040:Military campaign
945:Target saturation
868:Counterinsurgency
477:Gun data computer
411:Close air support
373:Aircraft carriers
16:(Redirected from
7784:
7747:Aftermath of war
7483:in Punjab, India
7108:Forced migration
7018:
7017:
6911:
6910:
6906:and philosophies
6861:
6854:
6847:
6838:
6837:
6794:Related concepts
6732:
6689:Genocidal intent
6581:
6574:
6567:
6558:
6557:
6544:
6543:
6485:
6484:
6399:Syrian civil war
6342:2006 Lebanon War
6305:Afghanistan wars
6048:Prisoners of war
5889:
5888:
5884:humanitarian law
5854:
5847:
5840:
5831:
5830:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5707:
5705:
5703:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5616:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5560:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5477:
5468:
5467:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5436:
5428:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5346:
5340:
5314:
5308:
5282:
5276:
5269:
5260:
5259:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5218:(323): 347–363.
5207:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5142:. Archived from
5136:
5130:
5129:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4990:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4928:
4922:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4894:. Archived from
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4647:
4641:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4600:
4594:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4503:. Archived from
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4410:. May 30, 2012.
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4215:"War Atrocities"
4210:
4204:
4203:. June 30, 2015.
4186:
4180:
4179:
4159:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4137:. Archived from
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4072:
4066:
4053:
4047:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
3996:Cassese, Antonio
3992:
3958:War and genocide
3770:Russell Tribunal
3594:Country listings
3589:
3584:
3583:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3343:V-1 flying bombs
3276:Victor's justice
3234:Nuremberg Trials
3186:A mass grave of
3137:prisoners of war
2995:, leader of the
2913:
2863:Seishirō Itagaki
2858:Nanjing Massacre
2824:Alberto Fujimori
2762:Radovan Karadžić
2547:Nuremberg trials
2541:Nuremberg trials
2274:, and beheaded.
2258:tribunal of the
2191:established the
2173:sovereign states
2142:ethnic cleansing
2106:prisoners of war
2078:
2071:
2064:
1833:Humanitarian aid
1771:Security dilemma
1592:Power projection
1375:Economy of force
1355:Chain of command
1070:Defence in depth
1055:Commerce raiding
873:Defeat in detail
189:Defense ministry
93:
84:
83:
74:
62:
61:
52:Malmedy massacre
21:
7792:
7791:
7787:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7684:
7513:in South Africa
7503:in Sierra Leone
7498:in Saudi Arabia
7228:in Burkina Faso
7183:in Azad Kashmir
7067:
7009:
6984:
6968:
6937:
6907:
6905:
6898:
6889:Intersex people
6870:
6865:
6835:
6830:
6806:Superior orders
6789:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6720:
6662:
6659:
6651:
6608:Peremptory norm
6590:
6585:
6555:
6550:
6531:airborne forces
6519:
6498:Atrocity crimes
6483:
6452:
6293:
6209:committed by...
6208:
6202:
6111:Criminal orders
6074:
6053:Proportionality
6011:Superior orders
5979:
5916:Geneva Protocol
5883:
5876:
5863:
5858:
5758:
5756:
5737:
5735:
5730:
5721:
5719:
5710:
5701:
5699:
5694:
5690:Wayback Machine
5679:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5613:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5557:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5510:
5508:Further reading
5505:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5479:
5478:
5471:
5454:
5453:
5446:
5430:
5429:
5417:
5403:
5399:
5389:
5387:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5337:Wayback Machine
5327:Wayback Machine
5315:
5311:
5305:Wayback Machine
5295:Wayback Machine
5283:
5279:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5208:
5204:
5194:
5192:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5171:
5155:
5151:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5115:
5111:
5096:
5092:
5085:
5071:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5038:
5034:
5024:
5022:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4959:
4955:
4945:
4943:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4920:Wayback Machine
4907:
4903:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4867:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4812:
4796:
4792:
4785:
4771:
4767:
4760:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4728:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4704:
4702:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4644:
4638:Wayback Machine
4629:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4612:. April 7, 2009
4602:
4601:
4597:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4568:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4538:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4510:
4508:
4501:Washington Post
4495:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4431:
4427:
4417:
4415:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4331:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4299:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4246:
4244:
4237:
4211:
4207:
4197:Wayback Machine
4187:
4183:
4176:
4150:
4146:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4073:
4069:
4063:Wayback Machine
4054:
4050:
4044:Wayback Machine
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4012:
3993:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3933:State terrorism
3829:Commissar order
3809:
3804:
3735:
3730:
3606:Brereton Report
3596:
3587:Genocide portal
3585:
3578:
3573:Politics portal
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3547:
3526:Lothar Rendulic
3524:German General
3519:
3499:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3427:
3403:Willful killing
3383:
3337:as well as the
3171:. In 2016, the
3165:Resolution 1820
3159:. In 2008, the
3006:
2981:, indicted for
2946:Mỹ Lai massacre
2871:Empire of Japan
2841:Yoshijirō Umezu
2837:
2803:Muammar Gaddafi
2720:Prime Ministers
2639:
2634:
2626:Main articles:
2624:
2598:My Lai Massacre
2590:
2577:
2571:
2543:
2535:Main articles:
2533:
2525:First World War
2517:
2511:
2468:wrote that the
2386:
2380:
2356:wartime conduct
2348:Napoleonic Wars
2320:Abraham Lincoln
2312:
2306:
2286:
2280:
2268:superior orders
2248:
2227:
2221:
2158:proportionality
2120:, deception by
2082:
2053:
2052:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1890:
1880:
1879:
1853:Multilateralism
1838:Law enforcement
1798:
1788:
1787:
1756:Just war theory
1714:
1704:
1703:
1654:Geneva Protocol
1624:
1614:
1613:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1415:
1405:
1404:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1220:Network-centric
1140:
1130:
1129:
1032:
1022:
1021:
970:
960:
959:
908:Rapid dominance
813:
803:
802:
758:Electromagnetic
667:
657:
656:
643:
596:
544:
520:
510:
509:
505:Combat training
486:
463:
429:Combat systems:
425:
387:
383:Auxiliary ships
349:
309:
251:
174:
164:
163:
103:
77:
76:
75:
70:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7790:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7692:
7690:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7533:in Switzerland
7530:
7525:
7520:
7518:in South Korea
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7453:in North Korea
7450:
7445:
7443:in New Zealand
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7388:in Kyrgyzstan
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7273:in El Salvador
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7198:in Balochistan
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7148:in Afghanistan
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7083:Atrocity crime
7079:
7077:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7021:
7015:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7007:
7002:
6996:
6994:
6990:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6945:
6943:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6914:
6908:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6864:
6863:
6856:
6849:
6841:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6736:
6734:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6665:
6663:
6658:Crimes against
6656:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6584:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6561:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6494:
6492:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6457:Related topics
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6438:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6315:
6307:
6301:
6299:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6284:United Kingdom
6281:
6276:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6231:
6230:
6218:
6212:
6210:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6141:Hostage-taking
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6101:Child soldiers
6098:
6086:
6084:
6080:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6064:Ruse de guerre
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6022:Hors de combat
6018:
6013:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5995:non-combatants
5987:
5985:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5965:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5886:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5857:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5821:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5765:
5744:
5728:
5708:
5692:
5678:
5677:External links
5675:
5674:
5673:
5660:
5645:
5632:
5617:
5611:
5596:
5589:
5576:
5561:
5555:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5469:
5444:
5415:
5397:
5371:
5341:
5309:
5277:
5261:
5254:
5246:Berghahn Books
5233:
5202:
5176:
5169:
5149:
5131:
5109:
5090:
5083:
5065:
5032:
5015:United Nations
5002:
4973:(7): e014697.
4953:
4923:
4901:
4877:
4847:
4817:
4810:
4790:
4783:
4765:
4758:
4738:
4712:
4682:
4663:
4642:
4623:
4595:
4591:Bloomberg News
4578:
4548:
4518:
4488:
4458:
4425:
4393:
4367:
4341:
4309:
4279:
4253:
4236:978-0761924371
4235:
4205:
4201:Deutsche Welle
4181:
4174:
4144:
4122:
4092:
4067:
4048:
4029:
4010:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3943:Terror bombing
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3861:
3859:Katyn massacre
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3839:Doctors' Trial
3836:
3831:
3826:
3824:Commando order
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3576:
3562:
3546:
3543:
3530:scorched earth
3518:
3515:
3498:
3495:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3453:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3387:United Nations
3382:
3381:United Nations
3379:
3323:Hermann Göring
3290:, such as the
3286:cities during
3215:neutral states
3022:intelligentsia
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2990:
2976:
2974:First Gulf War
2959:
2949:
2942:William Calley
2939:
2929:
2915:
2906:, head of the
2900:Wilhelm Keitel
2897:
2890:Adolf Eichmann
2883:
2876:Hermann Göring
2873:
2860:
2847:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2814:
2795:
2784:Omar al-Bashir
2781:
2755:
2745:
2731:
2705:
2690:Vladimir Putin
2673:heads of state
2651:Vladimir Putin
2647:Omar al-Bashir
2638:
2635:
2623:
2620:
2589:
2586:
2573:Main article:
2570:
2567:
2551:London Charter
2532:
2529:
2513:Main article:
2510:
2509:Leipzig trials
2507:
2506:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2459:
2458:
2444:
2431:
2421:
2382:Main article:
2379:
2376:
2318:and President
2308:Main article:
2305:
2302:
2282:Main article:
2279:
2276:
2247:
2246:Early examples
2244:
2220:
2217:
2175:, such as the
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:Military terms
2015:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1776:Tripwire force
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1298:Administrative
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:New generation
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:Fleet in being
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1138:Grand strategy
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:Scorched earth
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
997:Deep operation
994:
989:
982:
977:
971:
966:
965:
962:
961:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
926:
925:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
844:
843:
838:
833:
823:
814:
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
798:Unconventional
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
746:
744:Disinformation
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
715:
714:
709:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
668:
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:
654:
649:
642:
641:
640:
639:
638:
637:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
595:
594:
593:
592:
591:
590:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
543:
542:
541:
540:
535:
530:
521:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
502:
497:
495:Basic training
492:
485:
484:
479:
474:
469:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
424:
423:
421:Reconnaissance
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
386:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
348:
347:
342:
340:Special forces
337:
332:
331:
330:
320:
315:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
250:
249:
240:
235:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
175:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
160:
159:
154:
144:
143:
142:
137:
127:
126:
125:
118:Post-classical
115:
110:
104:
99:
98:
95:
94:
86:
85:
67:
66:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7789:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7752:Crime by type
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7687:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7603:in Uzbekistan
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7493:in the Russia
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7373:in Kazakhstan
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7203:in Bangladesh
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7188:in Azerbaijan
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7054:South America
7052:
7050:
7048:
7047:North America
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7016:
7012:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6993:Organizations
6991:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6971:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6940:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6901:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6873:
6869:
6862:
6857:
6855:
6850:
6848:
6843:
6842:
6839:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6728:
6723:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6706:Slave trading
6704:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6654:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6582:
6577:
6575:
6570:
6568:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6547:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6486:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6455:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6441:Yugoslav Wars
6439:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6377:War in Donbas
6375:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6290:
6289:United States
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6205:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6166:Mass killings
6164:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6121:Death marches
6119:
6117:
6116:Death flights
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5946:Fourth (1949)
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5936:Second (1949)
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:International
5879:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5855:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5754:
5750:
5745:
5733:
5729:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5697:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5663:
5657:
5653:
5652:
5646:
5635:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5579:
5573:
5569:
5568:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5440:
5434:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5385:
5381:
5375:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5313:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5281:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5257:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5237:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5206:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5153:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5106:. p. 57.
5105:
5101:
5094:
5086:
5080:
5076:
5069:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5036:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5006:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4905:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4870:September 22,
4865:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4840:September 22,
4835:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4813:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4769:
4761:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4742:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4652:
4646:
4639:
4635:
4632:
4627:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4592:
4588:
4585:Emery, Alex.
4582:
4566:
4562:
4561:Radio Dabanga
4558:
4552:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4446:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4429:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4185:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4148:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3980:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3807:Miscellaneous
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3642:The Holocaust
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3588:
3582:
3577:
3574:
3568:
3563:
3560:
3554:
3549:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3517:Rendulic Rule
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3457:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3299:raid on Tokyo
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3155:described as
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3095:assassinating
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3059:flag of truce
3056:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:Kuniaki Koiso
2725:
2722:and Generals
2721:
2718:and Japanese
2717:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2362:. It defined
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2241:, China, 1938
2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:mass killings
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Warrior caste
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1875:Show of force
1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Peacebuilding
1861:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:Air supremacy
1717:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:Islamic rules
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1639:Court-martial
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:Arms industry
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:Broken-backed
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:Expeditionary
990:
988:
987:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
969:
964:
963:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
924:
921:
920:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
863:Counterattack
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
817:
812:
807:
806:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
788:Psychological
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
724:Combined arms
722:
720:
717:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
666:
661:
660:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
597:
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
563:Fortification
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
549:
546:
545:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
523:
522:
519:
514:
513:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
384:
381:
379:
378:Landing craft
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
329:
326:
325:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
248:
244:
243:Standing army
241:
239:
236:
234:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
173:
168:
167:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
141:
138:
136:
135:pike and shot
133:
132:
131:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
105:
102:
97:
96:
92:
88:
87:
81:
73:
69:
68:
64:
63:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7679:
7608:in Venezuela
7523:in Sri Lanka
7403:in Lithuania
7328:in Indonesia
7308:in Hong Kong
7303:in Guatemala
7173:in Australia
7163:in Argentina
7014:By continent
6942:Distinctions
6923:Positive law
6868:Human rights
6715:
6648:Rome Statute
6535:paratroopers
6419:World War II
6318:2023–present
6267:Soviet Union
6225:
6095:parachutists
6093: /
6070:Safe conduct
6062:
6020:
6009: /
5968:Rome Statute
5941:Third (1949)
5931:First (1949)
5860:
5759:December 17,
5757:. Retrieved
5753:the original
5738:December 17,
5736:. Retrieved
5720:. Retrieved
5716:the original
5700:. Retrieved
5667:November 14,
5665:. Retrieved
5650:
5639:November 14,
5637:. Retrieved
5622:
5601:
5592:
5583:November 14,
5581:. Retrieved
5566:
5545:
5518:
5493:. Retrieved
5484:
5455:
5406:
5400:
5388:. Retrieved
5374:
5362:. Retrieved
5353:
5344:
5312:
5280:
5272:
5241:
5236:
5224:. Retrieved
5215:
5205:
5193:. Retrieved
5189:the original
5179:
5159:
5152:
5144:the original
5134:
5121:
5112:
5099:
5093:
5074:
5068:
5056:. Retrieved
5045:
5035:
5023:. Retrieved
5014:
5005:
4970:
4966:
4956:
4944:. Retrieved
4926:
4913:(Protocol I)
4908:
4904:
4896:the original
4889:
4880:
4868:. Retrieved
4850:
4838:. Retrieved
4820:
4800:
4793:
4774:
4768:
4748:
4741:
4729:. Retrieved
4715:
4703:. Retrieved
4694:
4685:
4676:
4666:
4654:. Retrieved
4645:
4626:
4614:. Retrieved
4607:
4598:
4581:
4569:. Retrieved
4560:
4551:
4539:. Retrieved
4530:
4521:
4509:. Retrieved
4505:the original
4500:
4491:
4479:. Retrieved
4470:
4461:
4449:. Retrieved
4438:
4428:
4416:. Retrieved
4405:
4396:
4384:. Retrieved
4370:
4358:. Retrieved
4344:
4332:. Retrieved
4321:
4312:
4300:. Retrieved
4282:
4270:. Retrieved
4256:
4245:, retrieved
4218:
4208:
4184:
4155:
4147:
4139:the original
4134:
4125:
4113:. Retrieved
4095:
4083:. Retrieved
4077:
4070:
4051:
4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4000:
3893:Mukti Bahini
3883:Mass killing
3849:Human shield
3733:Legal issues
3539:
3523:
3520:
3500:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3472:
3456:
3446:
3391:Rome statute
3384:
3366:forced labor
3351:
3296:
3288:World War II
3273:
3260:
3254:
3231:
3223:Tokyo Trials
3204:
3134:
3127:
3119:belligerents
3114:
3101:. Attacking
3054:
3050:
3048:
3041:
3033:
2979:Ratko Mladić
2936:Nazi Germany
2932:Albert Speer
2926:Kriegsmarine
2918:Erich Raeder
2867:War minister
2850:Iwane Matsui
2744:trial ended.
2670:
2617:
2613:Rome Statute
2602:
2582:World War II
2578:
2544:
2520:
2518:
2502:
2499:Protocol III
2493:
2484:
2475:
2450:
2437:
2427:
2418:1929 version
2413:
2404:
2387:
2352:military law
2342:, political
2336:Franz Lieber
2331:
2313:
2287:
2249:
2166:
2154:distinctions
2089:
2087:
1988:Fifth column
1968:War resister
1963:Women in war
1858:Peacekeeping
1803:Arms control
1748:
1693:
1437:Mobilization
1432:Conscription
1390:Intelligence
1343:Organization
984:
913:Encirclement
793:Radiological
729:Conventional
583:Subterranean
490:Development:
489:
466:
428:
390:
353:Naval units:
352:
345:Signal corps
312:
275:Intelligence
255:Specialties:
254:
179:Organization
130:Early modern
43:
7655:Persecution
7623:in Zimbabwe
7548:in Thailand
7458:in Pakistan
7413:in Malaysia
7278:in Ethiopia
7238:in Cambodia
7218:in Botswana
7030:Middle East
6928:Sovereignty
6918:Natural law
6414:World War I
6404:Tigray war
6089:Attacks on
6016:Distinction
5901:Lieber Code
5390:October 13,
5364:October 18,
5126:AuthorHouse
4571:February 5,
4541:February 5,
4302:October 18,
4272:October 13,
4247:October 12,
3760:Rule of law
3347:V-2 rockets
3145:mass murder
3087:ruse of war
3055:laws of war
2993:Joseph Kony
2987:Bosnian War
2972:during the
2922:Großadmiral
2724:Hideki Tōjō
2716:Karl Dönitz
2709:Großadmiral
2490:Protocol II
2344:philosopher
2338:, a German
2310:Lieber Code
2304:Lieber Code
2294:laws of war
2189:Axis powers
2177:Lieber Code
2094:laws of war
1973:War studies
1796:Non-warfare
1724:Appeasement
1689:Martial law
1528:War economy
1467:Transgender
1420:Recruitment
1180:Containment
1065:Culminating
1045:Anti-access
968:Operational
888:Envelopment
831:Air assault
712:Air cavalry
672:Air defence
652:Information
553:Cold-region
518:Battlespace
467:Historical:
313:Land units:
219:Space force
214:Coast guard
147:Late modern
108:Prehistoric
7762:Law of war
7742:War crimes
7736:Categories
7680:War crimes
7613:in Vietnam
7598:in Ukraine
7488:in Romania
7448:in Nigeria
7433:in Myanmar
7428:in Morocco
7418:in Manipur
7393:in Lebanon
7368:in Kashmir
7343:in Ireland
7298:in Germany
7233:in Burundi
7213:in Bolivia
7208:in Belarus
7193:in Bahrain
7178:in Austria
7168:in Armenia
7153:in Algeria
6711:Starvation
6446:Kosovo War
6365:Second war
6337:Korean War
6207:War crimes
6183:Starvation
6173:No quarter
5861:War crimes
5416:1575882159
4677:Boston.com
4640:(Spanish).
4360:August 17,
4323:Al Jazeera
4164:. p.
4135:nus.edu.sg
4085:August 23,
4022:October 5,
3975:References
3908:No quarter
3750:Law of war
3559:Law portal
3503:Yugoslavia
3473:Under the
3370:minefields
3261:war crimes
3255:Under the
3250:UN Charter
3192:Stalag 307
3004:Definition
2811:was killed
2774:Srebrenica
2481:Protocol I
2360:Union Army
2324:executions
2262:, for his
2223:See also:
2146:no quarter
2136:including
2033:War crimes
2023:Operations
1930:Foot drill
1900:Battle cry
1813:deterrence
1472:Harassment
1447:Specialism
1270:Technology
1265:Succession
1210:Liberation
1145:Asymmetric
1080:Empty fort
986:Blitzkrieg
955:Withdrawal
918:Investment
697:Camouflage
692:Biological
630:Underwater
605:Amphibious
524:Aerospace
391:Air units:
368:Submarines
157:fourth-gen
152:industrial
140:napoleonic
58:in Belgium
18:War crimes
7593:in Uganda
7588:in Turkey
7543:in Taiwan
7478:in Poland
7463:in Panama
7423:in Mexico
7408:in Malawi
7383:in Kuwait
7348:in Israel
7283:in France
7243:in Canada
7223:in Brazil
7158:in Angola
6716:War crime
6360:First war
6323:by Israel
6313:2008–2009
6250:Palestine
6227:Wehrmacht
6161:Massacres
5991:Civilians
5519:War crime
5464:953877027
5433:cite book
5330:Article 5
5298:Article 5
5163:. Verso.
5058:March 22,
4656:March 11,
4511:March 20,
4481:March 26,
4451:March 24,
4334:March 17,
4162:Routledge
3335:the Blitz
3331:Rotterdam
3319:Luftwaffe
3311:Nuremberg
3141:civilians
3079:espionage
3051:war crime
3035:AB-Aktion
2880:Luftwaffe
2821:President
2738:President
2713:President
2687:President
2609:The Hague
2290:The Hague
2213:civil war
2130:pillaging
2112:, taking
2090:war crime
1920:War novel
1823:Grey-zone
1783:War games
1744:Overmatch
1694:War crime
1644:Desertion
1634:Ceasefire
1629:Armistice
1516:Logistics
1494:Mercenary
1482:Volunteer
1413:Personnel
1385:Engineers
1330:Sociology
1285:World war
1280:Total war
1260:Strategic
1250:Religious
1235:Political
1230:Perpetual
1205:Irregular
1120:Offensive
1095:Defensive
1090:Deception
1050:Attrition
898:Guerrilla
893:Formation
836:Airbridge
768:Loitering
682:Artillery
335:Artillery
270:Engineers
233:Irregular
204:Air force
56:Waffen-SS
7618:in Yemen
7538:in Syria
7528:in Sudan
7508:in Sindh
7438:in Nepal
7398:in Libya
7378:in Kenya
7363:in Japan
7353:in Italy
7323:in India
7318:in Haiti
7313:in Egypt
7293:in Ghana
7288:in Gabon
7268:in Egypt
7258:in China
7248:in Chile
7113:Genocide
6884:Children
6684:Genocide
6546:Category
6513:Genocide
6332:Iraq War
5702:July 29,
5686:Archived
5489:Archived
5425:37718851
5384:Archived
5358:Archived
5333:Archived
5323:Archived
5301:Archived
5291:Archived
5226:June 21,
5220:Archived
5052:Archived
5025:June 29,
5019:Archived
4997:28835410
4967:BMJ Open
4946:July 24,
4940:Archived
4916:Archived
4864:Archived
4834:Archived
4804:. Avon.
4725:Archived
4699:Archived
4634:Archived
4616:April 7,
4565:Archived
4535:Archived
4531:BBC News
4475:Archived
4445:Archived
4412:Archived
4380:Archived
4354:Archived
4328:Archived
4296:Archived
4266:Archived
4241:archived
4193:Archived
4115:July 20,
4109:Archived
4059:Archived
4040:Archived
4016:Archived
3998:(2013).
3545:See also
3535:Hague IV
3240:and the
3211:property
3207:citizens
3163:adopted
3149:genocide
3083:sabotage
3073:and the
3063:chemical
2983:genocide
2938:1942–45.
2818:Peruvian
2770:genocide
2354:for all
2183:and the
2138:genocide
2118:property
2114:hostages
2098:criminal
1935:War song
1910:War film
1543:Materiel
1462:Children
1442:Training
1380:Medicine
1365:Doctrine
1320:Training
1255:Resource
1240:Princely
1190:Economic
1175:Conquest
1170:Colonial
1165:Cold war
1150:Blockade
1030:Strategy
1002:Maneuver
763:Infantry
719:Chemical
573:Mountain
533:Airborne
396:Fighters
363:Warships
318:Infantry
260:Rifleman
224:Reserves
172:Military
7777:Warfare
7689:Related
7675:Victims
7670:Torture
7665:Slavery
7473:in Peru
7338:in Iraq
7333:in Iran
7263:in Cuba
7059:Oceania
6973:Aspects
6596:Sources
6221:Germany
6216:Croatia
6188:Torture
6178:Perfidy
6156:Looting
5893:Sources
5722:June 3,
5495:June 3,
4988:5691184
4705:July 6,
4695:Londoni
4609:Reuters
4418:June 4,
3873:Looting
3099:perfidy
3026:Palmiry
2966:Kurdish
2869:of the
2816:Former
2801:leader
2797:Former
2757:Former
2747:Former
2735:Serbian
2733:Former
2707:German
2698:Ukraine
2684:Russian
2580:during
2501:(2005)
2492:(1977)
2483:(1977)
2358:of the
2219:History
2122:perfidy
2110:torture
2048:Writers
2043:Weapons
2008:Battles
1957:Related
1945:Wargame
1940:Uniform
1888:Culture
1669:Perfidy
1664:Justice
1585:Science
1570:Outpost
1523:History
1503:Warrior
1499:Soldier
1487:foreign
1425:counter
1325:Service
1275:Theater
1215:Limited
1195:Endemic
1110:Nuclear
878:Foxhole
853:Cavalry
841:Airdrop
826:Airlift
811:Tactics
783:Nuclear
773:Missile
702:Cavalry
687:Barrage
665:Weapons
625:Surface
406:Command
401:Bombers
358:Frogman
328:Cavalry
285:Medical
247:Militia
229:Regular
209:Marines
123:castles
113:Ancient
101:History
80:outline
7650:Murder
7042:Europe
7025:Africa
6879:Humans
6701:Piracy
6533:(i.e.
6488:Other
6424:Allied
6279:Turkey
6274:Serbia
6262:Russia
6235:Israel
6028:Intent
5984:Topics
5658:
5630:
5609:
5574:
5553:
5516:about
5462:
5423:
5413:
5354:UN.org
5252:
5195:May 2,
5167:
5081:
4995:
4985:
4808:
4781:
4756:
4731:May 2,
4386:May 2,
4233:
4172:
4008:
3479:cannot
3451:nature
3327:Warsaw
3294:, the
3280:Allies
3196:Deblin
3091:combat
3030:Warsaw
2970:Kuwait
2809:, and
2799:Libyan
2340:lawyer
2256:ad hoc
2239:Suzhou
2028:Sieges
1712:Theory
1452:Morale
1310:Policy
1305:Branch
1085:Mosaic
1075:Fabian
1017:Covert
950:Trench
935:Screen
858:Charge
848:Battle
821:Aerial
739:Denial
707:Horses
635:Seabed
588:Tunnel
568:Jungle
558:Desert
528:Aerial
295:Diving
290:Police
6894:Women
6255:Hamas
6245:Japan
6240:Italy
3360:) as
3315:Tokyo
3123:trial
3028:near
2835:Other
2788:Sudan
2696:from
2001:Lists
1457:Women
1395:Ranks
1315:Staff
1245:Proxy
1160:Class
1115:Naval
1100:Depth
930:Swarm
923:Siege
903:Naval
883:Drone
778:Music
753:Robot
749:Drone
734:Cyber
677:Armor
647:Cyber
620:Green
615:Brown
578:Urban
538:Space
459:Radar
454:Sonar
323:Armor
305:Pilot
300:Comms
280:Recon
265:Staff
238:Ranks
7660:Rape
7035:Asia
6429:Axis
5993:and
5926:1864
5761:2008
5740:2008
5724:2009
5704:2015
5669:2010
5656:ISBN
5641:2010
5628:ISBN
5607:ISBN
5585:2010
5572:ISBN
5551:ISBN
5497:2019
5460:OCLC
5439:link
5421:OCLC
5411:ISBN
5392:2010
5366:2021
5317:ICRC
5285:ICRC
5250:ISBN
5228:2013
5197:2012
5165:ISBN
5079:ISBN
5060:2016
5027:2017
4993:PMID
4948:2013
4872:2013
4842:2013
4806:ISBN
4779:ISBN
4754:ISBN
4733:2012
4707:2021
4658:2023
4618:2009
4573:2022
4543:2022
4513:2019
4483:2016
4453:2016
4420:2021
4388:2012
4362:2017
4336:2023
4304:2013
4274:2010
4249:2021
4231:ISBN
4170:ISBN
4117:2013
4087:2015
4024:2015
4006:ISBN
3507:NATO
3385:The
3354:POWs
3345:and
3313:and
3284:Axis
3209:and
3147:and
3065:and
2888:and
2726:and
2711:and
2675:and
2630:and
2561:and
2539:and
2446:The
2433:The
2423:The
2409:The
2388:The
2160:and
2038:Wars
1555:Base
1105:Goal
1012:Raid
610:Blue
548:Land
199:Navy
194:Army
5818:FBI
4983:PMC
4975:doi
4471:CNN
4407:BBC
4223:doi
4199:".
3213:of
3190:in
3139:or
3093:or
3081:or
3024:at
3016:of
2772:in
2466:HRW
2326:at
2237:in
2156:of
2140:or
1622:Law
1565:FOB
1560:MOB
600:Sea
72:War
7738::
6537:)
5487:.
5483:.
5472:^
5447:^
5435:}}
5431:{{
5419:.
5356:.
5352:.
5264:^
5244:.
5214:.
5124:.
5102:.
5050:.
5044:.
5017:.
5013:.
4991:.
4981:.
4969:.
4965:.
4938:.
4934:.
4888:.
4862:.
4858:.
4832:.
4828:.
4697:.
4693:.
4675:.
4606:.
4589:,
4563:.
4559:.
4529:.
4499:.
4469:.
4443:.
4437:.
4404:.
4352:.
4320:.
4294:.
4290:.
4239:,
4229:,
4217:,
4168:.
4166:43
4160:.
4133:.
4107:.
4103:.
4014:.
3983:^
3505:,
3329:,
3259:,
3252:.
3198:,
3194:,
3179:.
3125:.
2920:,
2902:,
2894:SS
2865:,
2584:.
2374:.
2300:.
2215:.
2164:.
2128:,
2124:,
2108:,
2088:A
1501:/
751:/
245:/
231:/
6860:e
6853:t
6846:v
6580:e
6573:t
6566:v
6097:‡
5853:e
5846:t
5839:v
5820:)
5816:(
5763:.
5742:.
5726:.
5706:.
5671:.
5643:.
5615:.
5587:.
5559:.
5499:.
5466:.
5441:)
5427:.
5394:.
5368:.
5258:.
5230:.
5199:.
5173:.
5087:.
5062:.
5029:.
4999:.
4977::
4971:7
4950:.
4874:.
4844:.
4814:.
4787:.
4762:.
4735:.
4709:.
4679:.
4660:.
4620:.
4575:.
4545:.
4515:.
4485:.
4455:.
4422:.
4390:.
4364:.
4338:.
4306:.
4276:.
4225::
4188:"
4178:.
4119:.
4026:.
3038:)
2958:.
2948:.
2928:.
2914:.
2896:.
2882:.
2794:.
2704:.
2457:.
2077:e
2070:t
2063:v
82:)
78:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)