300:
182:
31:
1103:
288:
169:
221:
151:
194:
312:
206:
270:
126:
694:
324:
233:
258:
139:
1082:, to intervene on the Templars' behalf. John sent fifty knights to Northern Syria to fight against Leo. Leo expelled the Latin priests from Cilicia and gave shelter to the Orthodox Patriarch, Symenon, who had been driven out of Antioch. He dispatched Raymond-Roupen to plunder the region of Antioch in 1212.
1023:
II with the support of the commune in early 1207. Peter of AngoulĂŞme was reconciled with the legate, excommunicated
Bohemond and the commune, and then persuaded some nobles to rise up against Bohemond, forcing him to take refuge in the citadel. Leo entered Antioch, but Bohemond collected his forces
720:
and then destroyed before abandoning it. Bohemond ordered Leo to return it to the
Templars, but Leo refused, stating that his right of recent conquest was stronger that the claim of the Templars who had lost their property. After Bohemond failed to include Cilicia in his truce with Saladin in 1192,
1142:
in autumn 1217. Early the next year, John recognized
Bohemond as the lawful prince, but did not provide him with military assistance. The burghers and noblemen of Antioch rose up against Raymond-Roupen. Their leader, William Farabel, persuaded Bohemond to come back to the town. After Bohemond's
593:
Bohemond of
Tripoli seized Antioch without resistance after his father died in April 1201, but many noblemen left the principality to seek refuge in Cilicia. Leo invaded the Principality of Antioch in almost every year between 1201 and 1208, but he had to return to his kingdom on each occasion
851:
When
Bohemond III died in April, Bohemond of Tripoli hurried to Antioch, where, because he was the late prince's closest living relative, he was recognized by the commune of the townspeople as his father's rightful heir. The nobles who had regarded Raymond-Roupen (the only son of
1137:
After finding an empty treasure in
Antioch, Raymond-Roupen increased taxation, which made him unpopular among his subjects. In 1217, Raymond-Roupen tried to capture Leo, but the Templars assisted Leo to flee to Cilicia. Bohemond visited John, King of Jerusalem, in
1160:) and John, King of Jerusalem (the husband of Leo's elder daughter, Stephanie) refused to accept Leo's last will, claiming Cilicia for themselves. The new conflict lasted for decades, further weakening the Christian states of Northern Syria.
1085:
Pope
Innocent, who had proclaimed a new crusade in 1213, wanted to persuade Leo to assist the crusaders. In that year, Leo renounced all lands that he had seized from the Templars, but retained Bagras. John of Brienne married Leo's daughter,
1151:
Leo was dying when
Raymond-Roupen came to Cilicia. With Leo's death in May 1219 and Bohemond's restoration, the war "came to a rather unspectacular end". Leo disinherited Raymond-Roupen and willed Cilicia to his five-year-old daughter,
1113:
With Leo's support, Raymond-Roupen began to find new allies, promising land grants to the
Hospitallers and Antiochene noblemen, including Acharie of Sermin, the head of the commune of the burghers. Taking advantage of the absence of
1928:
962:
November 1203, but he was not able to seize the citadel, which was defended by the
Templars and the troops of the commune. Before long, Az-Zahir Ghazi again invaded Cilicia, forcing Leo to return to his kingdom.
1050:, to mediate a peace. Avogadro, who was an ally of the Knights Templar, urged Leo to return Bagras to them. In an attempt to renew the truce, Leo obeyed the legate's demand, promising to withdraw from Bagras.
927:), stormed into Cilicia, forcing Leo to withdraw in July 1201. He soon sent letters to Pope Innocent, informing him of Bohemond's cooperation with the Muslim rulers. Leo again invaded Antioch in 1202, but
1053:
Before long, Leo broke his promise and refused to return Bagras to the Templars. He also decided to terminate the union of the Armenian Church with Rome. On the other hand, he granted fortresses to the
985:
December 1205, but Az-Zahir Ghazi's troops routed his army. After crushing Renoart of Nephin's revolt, Bohemond returned to Antioch, forcing Leo to sign a truce for eight years in summer 1206.
2000:
625:
IV's isolation, Leo entered Antioch, helping Raymond-Roupen seize the principality in 1216. Before long, Leo abandoned Bagras and lost the Armenian fortresses to the north of the
823:
and the commune of the burghers in late 1198. Three months later Leo invaded the Principality of Antioch, forcing the younger Bohemond to allow his father to return to Antioch.
1143:
arrival, Raymond-Roupen at first sought refuge in the citadel but soon fled to Cilicia, granting the citadel to the Hospitallers. Raymond-Roupen could never regain Antioch.
1990:
360:
419:
1126:, consecrated Raymond-Roupen prince. After his protégé seized the Principality of Antioch, Leo restored Bagras to the Knights Templar. During Leo's absence, Kaykaus
1874:
743:), who persuaded both Leo and Bohemond to renounce their claims to suzerainty over each other. Leo's occupation of Bagras was confirmed. Bohemond's eldest son,
801:
January 1198. Before long, Conrad went to Antioch and persuaded Bohemond and his barons to swear an oath to accept Raymund-Roupen's right to inherit Antioch.
617:
in 1208. During the following years, Leo captured new fortresses in Syria, abandoning them in 1213 as part of an effort to improve his relationship with the
1995:
966:
725:. Although the noblemen (who were closely related to Armenian nobles) were willing to accept Leo's rule, the mainly Greek and Latin townspeople formed a
2025:
629:
to the Seljuqs. Raymond-Roupen increased taxes, which made him unpopular in Antioch. His relationship with Leo also became tense, enabling Bohemond
958:
to pass judgement in the case of the succession of Antioch, Leo renewed the war. Taking advantage of Bohemond's absence, Leo entered Antioch on 11
2030:
353:
878:
Leo continued to support Raymond-Roupen, which sparked an enduring conflict, with many theatres of war. During the war, neither Leo nor Bohemond
1122:
February 1216. A few days later, the Templars, who had held the citadel, also surrendered without a struggle. The Latin Patriarch of Antioch,
977:. Leo seized the Antiochene fortresses in the Amanus Mountains, which controlled the road towards Antioch. He laid siege to the fortress at
2045:
2035:
767:
III sent Alice and her son to Armenia, showing that he did not want to acknowledge his infant grandson's right to succeed him in Antioch.
578:
III and the Antiochene noblemen confirmed Raymond-Roupen's right to succeed his grandfather in Antioch, but the commune preferred Bohemond
2040:
912:
Shortly after Bohemond seized Antioch, Leo laid siege to it to press Raymond-Roupen's cause, but Bohemond's allies, Az-Zahir Ghazi and
882:
IV was able to control his own territory (Cilicia and Tripoli, respectively) and Antioch at the same time, due to insufficient forces.
346:
1038:), stormed into the County of Tripoli, creating an opportunity for Leo to plunder the land around Antioch in 1208. Bohemond persuaded
550:
gave rise to a prolonged conflict already in the early 1190s. Leo tried to capture Antioch, but the Greek and Latin burghers formed a
909:
controlled the territory between Antioch and Tripoli, hindering the movements of Bohemond's troops between the two Crusader states.
721:
Leo invited him to Bagras to start negotiations. Bohemond accepted the offer, but Leo had him captured, forcing him to surrender
1970:
1946:
1917:
1888:
1863:
1074:, was badly injured. News of Leo's action shocked Pope Innocent, who forbade all Christian rulers to assist Leo and urged
1071:
1016:
1960:
1059:
1876:
The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins, 1180–1393
1855:
1015:
of the patriarch. Exploiting the situation to get rid of his opponent, Bohemond replaced Peter of AngoulĂŞme with the
487:
1912:. A History of the Crusades. Vol. II (Second ed.). The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 522–554.
1094:
for the murder of his eldest son, Raymond, brought him into conflict with his old ally, Az-Zahir Ghazi of Aleppo.
819:), disputed the validity of their oath. He expelled his father from Antioch with the support of the Templars, the
468:
633:
IV to regain Antioch in 1219. The war contributed to the weakening of the Christian states in Northern Syria.
1067:
838:
III in Antioch, but, responding to the Templars' demand, he also began urging Leo to restore Bagras to them.
394:
304:
613:
initially supported Leo. However, the conflict between Leo and the Knights Templar over Bagras led to Leo's
1157:
1047:
779:
744:
555:
1066:. Leo ambushed a caravan which had been transporting provisions to the Templars in 1211. In the skirmish,
1849:
1024:
and defeated the Armenians. Peter of AngoulĂŞme was captured and died of drink deprivation in his prison.
702:
539:
462:
143:
1938:
1153:
1004:
1090:, in 1214. During the same period, Bohemond's position weakened. His attempt to take vengeance on the
973:
without Bohemond's consent, rose up against Bohemond in late 1204. He routed Bohemond at the gates of
690:), but their relationship became tense after Bohemond borrowed money from Leo but failed to repay it.
1174:
2010:
2005:
1000:
771:
680:
661:
535:
531:
499:
39:
2020:
2015:
1042:, Sultan of Rum, to invade Cilicia, forcing Leo to withdraw from Antioch. Pope Innocent tasked
861:
805:
665:
583:
547:
538:
was the leading Christian power in the region during the last decades of the 12th century, but
444:
292:
262:
174:
84:
701:: the question of possession of the important fortress caused a long-running conflict between
30:
790:
456:
438:
388:
1008:
1087:
733:
657:
225:
913:
8:
872:
794:
755:(d. after 1234). Raymond died prematurely, and his widow give birth to a posthumous son,
450:
155:
554:
and prevented the Armenian soldiers from occupying the town. Bohemond III's eldest son,
1848:
Burgtorf, Jochen (2016). "The Antiochene War of Succession". In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.).
857:
775:
726:
551:
413:
35:
1091:
1966:
1942:
1913:
1884:
1859:
1079:
970:
932:
824:
610:
213:
186:
43:
901:
rulers of Anatolia were always ready to invade Cilicia, while the Ayyubid rulers of
1903:
1131:
1063:
1055:
974:
928:
917:
809:
752:
748:
626:
587:
571:
563:
493:
432:
371:
237:
100:
1956:
1880:
1075:
1043:
1012:
717:
706:
646:
614:
210:
198:
104:
1899:
1123:
936:
898:
883:
756:
603:
595:
559:
527:
481:
316:
274:
131:
68:
1102:
1984:
994:
606:
820:
338:
1907:
797:, was present when Leo was crowned the first king of Armenian Cilicia on 6
1139:
505:
1965:. A History of the Crusades. Vol. III. Cambridge University Press.
1898:
Hardwicke, Mary Nickerson (1969) . "The Crusader States, 1192–1243". In
676:
716:, a strategically important fortress that Saladin had seized from the
1039:
1028:
1011:(d. 1208), who had become Raymond-Roupen's supporter, ended with the
978:
599:
328:
1169:
955:
947:
618:
1058:
in Cilicia. He also arranged the marriage of Raymond-Roupen with
722:
642:
72:
542:
challenged its supremacy. The capture of an important fortress,
1930:
John of Brienne: King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople,
713:
698:
543:
530:
between 1201 and 1219, connected to the disputed succession of
664:
became the leading Christian power of Northern Syria. By 1186
1581:
1156:. Both Raymond-Roupen (the grandson of Leo's elder brother,
729:
and prevented the Armenian soldiers from occupying Antioch.
2001:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1712:
1710:
1571:
1569:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1399:
1397:
1363:
1361:
1118:
IV, Leo and his army entered Antioch during the night of 14
906:
902:
887:
693:
1803:
1801:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1316:
1314:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1348:
1346:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1255:
1253:
1777:
1722:
1707:
1566:
1524:
1467:
1409:
1394:
1358:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1134:, forcing him to concentrate on the defense of Cilicia.
1825:
1798:
1765:
1741:
1683:
1671:
1618:
1593:
1545:
1507:
1484:
1455:
1434:
1373:
1311:
1265:
1221:
1186:
1659:
1343:
1326:
1250:
1238:
1294:
1282:
1198:
804:
Bohemond III's younger son (Raymund-Roupen's uncle),
1813:
1107:
Triumphant entry of Leo the Magnificent into Antioch
526:, comprised a series of armed conflicts in northern
1991:
Military history of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
1753:
1695:
1647:
969:(d. after 1208), who had married an heiress in the
1130:I captured the Armenian forts to the north of the
856:III's eldest son) the lawful prince, fled to the
1982:
772:united the Armenian Church in Cilicia with Rome
354:
1097:
988:
834:) also supported the restoration of Bohemond
582:III's younger son (Raymond-Roupen's uncle),
368:
954:IV refused to acknowledge the right of the
950:(d. 1210), mediated a truce. After Bohemond
97:Temporary occupation of Antioch by Armenia
1996:Wars involving the Principality of Antioch
1962:The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
361:
347:
29:
1897:
1872:
1831:
1792:
1735:
1716:
1575:
1539:
1478:
1428:
1403:
1367:
1320:
1276:
1232:
1192:
999:A conflict between the new papal legate,
763:1220). The almost sixty-year-old Bohemond
732:Peace was restored with the mediation of
1955:
1847:
1807:
1747:
1689:
1677:
1641:
1612:
1587:
1560:
1518:
1501:
1461:
1449:
1388:
1352:
1337:
1305:
1288:
1259:
1244:
1215:
1101:
692:
2026:Wars involving the Kingdom of Jerusalem
774:and acknowledged the suzerainty of the
558:, died in 1197, leaving an infant son,
2031:Wars involving the Knights Hospitaller
1983:
875:, thus winning them over to his side.
1926:
1819:
1771:
1759:
1701:
1665:
1653:
609:stormed into Cilicia in his absence.
342:
871:) had long before borrowed from the
2046:13th century in the Crusader states
2036:Wars involving the Sultanate of Rum
1109:(a painting by Juliano Zasso, 1885)
1072:Grand Master of the Knights Templar
1017:Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch
747:(d. 1197), married Leo's niece and
13:
2041:Wars involving the Knights Templar
946:), and the papal legate, Cardinal
16:War in Syria between 1201 and 1219
14:
2057:
1856:The University of Wisconsin Press
712:In 1191 Leo captured and rebuilt
598:, the Ayyubid emir of Aleppo, or
675:), had already acknowledged the
666:Leo II, Lord of Armenian Cilicia
520:War of the Antiochene Succession
401:War of the Antiochene Succession
322:
310:
298:
286:
268:
256:
231:
219:
204:
192:
180:
167:
149:
137:
124:
99:Armenian fortresses lost to the
24:War of the Antiochene Succession
1033:
941:
922:
892:
866:
829:
814:
784:
738:
685:
670:
651:
860:. Bohemond repaid a loan that
846:
621:. Taking advantage of Bohemond
1:
1909:The Later Crusades, 1189–1311
1180:
760:
636:
1873:Ghazarian, Jacob G. (2000).
1146:
524:Antiochene War of Succession
7:
1163:
649:sultan of Syria and Egypt (
384:Armenian–Crusader Campaigns
175:Bohemond IV of Antioch
10:
2062:
1939:Cambridge University Press
1840:
1005:Latin Patriarch of Antioch
992:
323:
299:
287:
269:
257:
232:
220:
193:
181:
168:
150:
138:
125:
1175:Eastern Catholic Churches
1098:Raymond-Roupen in Antioch
989:Conflicts with the Church
427:Armenian–Mongol Campaigns
381:
246:
132:Raymond-Roupen of Antioch
114:
50:
46:in the early 13th century
28:
23:
1906:; Hazard, Harry (eds.).
1854:. The Routledge Worlds.
789:). The emperor's envoy,
681:Bohemond III of Antioch
662:Principality of Antioch
660:in the late 1180s, the
536:Principality of Antioch
532:Bohemond III of Antioch
408:Armenian–Byzantine Wars
40:Principality of Antioch
1110:
1048:Patriarch of Jerusalem
862:Raymond III of Tripoli
841:
709:
247:Commanders and leaders
85:Bohemond IV of Antioch
1105:
1068:Guillaume de Chartres
791:Conrad of Wittelsbach
696:
305:Guillaume de Chartres
1858:. pp. 196–211.
1027:The Ayyubid sultan,
918:Seljuq Sultan of Rum
734:Henry I of Jerusalem
658:Kingdom of Jerusalem
562:. The boy's mother,
522:, also known as the
476:Armenian–Mamluk Wars
226:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1927:Perry, Guy (2013).
1590:, p. 137, 139.
1003:(d. 1214), and the
873:Knights Hospitaller
795:Archbishop of Mainz
156:Knights Hospitaller
1900:Setton, Kenneth M.
1851:The Crusader World
1111:
1009:Peter of AngoulĂŞme
858:Kingdom of Cilicia
776:Holy Roman Emperor
770:Leo had meanwhile
710:
36:Kingdom of Cilicia
1972:978-0-521-06163-6
1948:978-1-107-04310-7
1919:978-0-299-04844-0
1904:Wolff, Robert Lee
1890:978-0-7007-1418-6
1865:978-0-415-82494-1
1774:, p. 80, 93.
1668:, pp. 78–79.
1080:King of Jerusalem
971:County of Tripoli
967:Renoart of Nephin
933:King of Jerusalem
825:Pope Innocent III
656:), destroyed the
611:Pope Innocent III
548:Leo II of Cilicia
515:
514:
463:Wadi al-Khaznadar
337:
336:
214:Emirate of Aleppo
187:County of Tripoli
110:
109:
44:County of Tripoli
2053:
1976:
1957:Runciman, Steven
1952:
1923:
1894:
1869:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1796:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1720:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1616:
1610:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1558:
1543:
1537:
1522:
1516:
1505:
1499:
1482:
1476:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1407:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1309:
1303:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1263:
1257:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1219:
1213:
1196:
1190:
1132:Taurus Mountains
1129:
1121:
1117:
1064:Hugh I of Cyprus
1056:Teutonic Knights
1037:
1036: 1200–1218
1035:
1022:
984:
961:
953:
945:
944: 1194–1205
943:
926:
925: 1196–1204
924:
896:
895: 1193–1216
894:
881:
870:
869: 1152–1187
868:
855:
837:
833:
832: 1198–1216
831:
818:
817: 1187–1233
816:
810:Count of Tripoli
800:
788:
787: 1191–1197
786:
766:
762:
749:heir presumptive
742:
741: 1192–1197
740:
689:
688: 1163–1201
687:
674:
673: 1187–1219
672:
655:
654: 1174–1193
653:
632:
627:Taurus Mountains
624:
588:Count of Tripoli
581:
577:
572:heir presumptive
569:
564:Alice of Armenia
540:Armenian Cilicia
376:
374:
373:Cilician Armenia
363:
356:
349:
340:
339:
327:
326:
325:
315:
314:
313:
303:
302:
301:
291:
290:
289:
273:
272:
271:
261:
260:
259:
238:Sultanate of Rum
236:
235:
234:
224:
223:
222:
209:
208:
207:
197:
196:
195:
185:
184:
183:
172:
171:
170:
154:
153:
152:
144:Cilician Armenia
142:
141:
140:
129:
128:
127:
101:Sultanate of Rum
52:
51:
33:
21:
20:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2011:1210s conflicts
2006:1200s conflicts
1981:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1949:
1920:
1891:
1881:RoutledgeCurzon
1866:
1843:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1799:
1791:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1723:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1619:
1611:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1567:
1559:
1546:
1538:
1525:
1517:
1508:
1500:
1485:
1477:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1435:
1427:
1410:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1374:
1366:
1359:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1327:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1266:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1222:
1214:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1166:
1149:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1100:
1076:John of Brienne
1044:Albert Avogadro
1032:
1020:
1013:excommunication
997:
991:
982:
959:
951:
940:
921:
891:
879:
865:
853:
849:
844:
835:
828:
813:
798:
783:
764:
737:
718:Knights Templar
684:
669:
650:
639:
630:
622:
615:excommunication
579:
575:
567:
516:
511:
377:
372:
369:
367:
333:
321:
311:
309:
297:
285:
279:
267:
255:
242:
230:
218:
205:
203:
199:Knights Templar
191:
179:
166:
160:
148:
136:
123:
105:Knights Templar
92:
75:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2059:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1953:
1947:
1924:
1918:
1895:
1889:
1870:
1864:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1832:Ghazarian 2000
1824:
1822:, p. 113.
1812:
1810:, p. 203.
1797:
1795:, p. 540.
1793:Hardwicke 1969
1776:
1764:
1752:
1750:, p. 139.
1740:
1738:, p. 538.
1736:Hardwicke 1969
1721:
1719:, p. 537.
1717:Hardwicke 1969
1706:
1694:
1692:, p. 144.
1682:
1680:, p. 206.
1670:
1658:
1646:
1644:, p. 202.
1617:
1615:, p. 138.
1592:
1580:
1578:, p. 536.
1576:Hardwicke 1969
1565:
1563:, p. 137.
1544:
1542:, p. 535.
1540:Hardwicke 1969
1523:
1521:, p. 136.
1506:
1504:, p. 201.
1483:
1481:, p. 534.
1479:Hardwicke 1969
1466:
1464:, p. 135.
1454:
1452:, p. 200.
1433:
1431:, p. 533.
1429:Hardwicke 1969
1408:
1406:, p. 528.
1404:Hardwicke 1969
1393:
1391:, p. 100.
1372:
1370:, p. 529.
1368:Hardwicke 1969
1357:
1342:
1325:
1323:, p. 128.
1321:Ghazarian 2000
1310:
1293:
1281:
1279:, p. 527.
1277:Hardwicke 1969
1264:
1262:, p. 199.
1249:
1247:, p. 204.
1237:
1235:, p. 126.
1233:Ghazarian 2000
1220:
1197:
1195:, p. 526.
1193:Hardwicke 1969
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1148:
1145:
1124:Peter of Ivrea
1099:
1096:
1001:Peter of Capua
990:
987:
886:, the Ayyubid
884:Az-Zahir Ghazi
848:
845:
843:
840:
757:Raymond-Roupen
638:
635:
596:Az-Zahir Ghazi
570:I's niece and
560:Raymond-Roupen
546:, in Syria by
513:
512:
510:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
473:
472:
469:Marj al-Saffar
466:
460:
454:
448:
442:
436:
424:
423:
417:
405:
404:
398:
392:
382:
379:
378:
366:
365:
358:
351:
343:
335:
334:
332:
331:
319:
317:Az-Zahir Ghazi
307:
295:
282:
280:
278:
277:
275:Raymond-Roupen
265:
263:Leo of Armenia
252:
249:
248:
244:
243:
241:
240:
228:
216:
201:
189:
177:
163:
161:
159:
158:
146:
134:
120:
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:
94:
88:
87:
81:
77:
76:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2058:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:1210s in Asia
2019:
2017:
2016:1200s in Asia
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1834:, p. 54.
1833:
1828:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1808:Burgtorf 2016
1804:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1762:, p. 80.
1761:
1756:
1749:
1748:Runciman 1989
1744:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1704:, p. 79.
1703:
1698:
1691:
1690:Runciman 1989
1686:
1679:
1678:Burgtorf 2016
1674:
1667:
1662:
1656:, p. 78.
1655:
1650:
1643:
1642:Burgtorf 2016
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1614:
1613:Runciman 1989
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1588:Runciman 1989
1584:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1561:Runciman 1989
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1519:Runciman 1989
1515:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:Burgtorf 2016
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1462:Runciman 1989
1458:
1451:
1450:Burgtorf 2016
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1389:Runciman 1989
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1355:, p. 90.
1354:
1353:Runciman 1989
1349:
1347:
1340:, p. 99.
1339:
1338:Runciman 1989
1334:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1308:, p. 89.
1307:
1306:Runciman 1989
1302:
1300:
1298:
1291:, p. 88.
1290:
1289:Runciman 1989
1285:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1260:Burgtorf 2016
1256:
1254:
1246:
1245:Burgtorf 2016
1241:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1218:, p. 87.
1217:
1216:Runciman 1989
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
995:Fifth Crusade
986:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
957:
949:
938:
934:
930:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
889:
885:
876:
874:
863:
859:
839:
826:
822:
811:
807:
802:
796:
792:
781:
777:
773:
768:
758:
754:
750:
746:
735:
730:
728:
724:
719:
715:
708:
704:
700:
695:
691:
682:
678:
667:
663:
659:
648:
644:
634:
628:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:sultan of Rum
605:
601:
597:
591:
589:
585:
573:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
479:
478:
477:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
421:
418:
415:
412:
411:
410:
409:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
386:
385:
380:
375:
364:
359:
357:
352:
350:
345:
344:
341:
330:
320:
318:
308:
306:
296:
294:
284:
283:
281:
276:
266:
264:
254:
253:
251:
250:
245:
239:
229:
227:
217:
215:
212:
202:
200:
190:
188:
178:
176:
165:
164:
162:
157:
147:
145:
135:
133:
122:
121:
119:
118:
113:
106:
102:
98:
95:
90:
89:
86:
82:
79:
78:
74:
70:
65:
62:
61:
57:
54:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1961:
1933:
1929:
1908:
1875:
1850:
1827:
1815:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1583:
1457:
1284:
1240:
1188:
1150:
1136:
1112:
1106:
1084:
1062:, sister of
1052:
1026:
998:
965:
911:
877:
850:
821:Hospitallers
803:
769:
731:
711:
640:
592:
523:
519:
517:
488:Sarvandik'ar
475:
474:
439:Mayyafariqin
426:
425:
407:
406:
400:
383:
115:Belligerents
96:
18:
914:Suleiman II
897:), and the
890:of Aleppo (
847:First phase
793:(d. 1200),
441:(1259–1260)
403:(1201–1219)
397:(1189–1191)
293:Bohemond IV
91:Territorial
83:Victory of
1985:Categories
1820:Perry 2013
1772:Perry 2013
1760:Perry 2013
1702:Perry 2013
1666:Perry 2013
1654:Perry 2013
1181:References
993:See also:
677:suzerainty
637:Background
574:. Bohemond
173:Forces of
130:Forces of
1959:(1989) .
1934:1175–1237
1147:Aftermath
1092:Assassins
1088:Stephanie
1040:Kaykaus I
1029:Al-Adil I
979:Trapessac
697:Ruins of
600:Kaykaus I
566:, was Leo
451:Ain Jalut
67:Northern
58:1201–1219
1170:Crusades
1164:See also
1154:Isabella
1114:Bohemond
1019:, Symeon
956:Holy See
948:Soffredo
852:Bohemond
806:Bohemond
780:Henry VI
707:Templars
705:and the
619:Holy See
594:because
584:Bohemond
414:Mamistra
370:Wars of
103:and the
63:Location
1841:Sources
975:Tripoli
745:Raymond
727:commune
723:Antioch
703:Cilicia
647:Ayyubid
643:Saladin
556:Raymond
552:commune
500:Malatya
494:Rumkale
433:Baghdad
329:Kaykaus
211:Ayyubid
93:changes
73:Cilicia
1969:
1945:
1916:
1887:
1862:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1060:Helvis
1021:
983:
960:
952:
937:Cyprus
929:Aimery
899:Seljuq
880:
854:
836:
799:
765:
714:Bagras
699:Bagras
645:, the
641:After
631:
623:
604:Seljuq
602:, the
580:
576:
568:
544:Bagras
534:. The
508:(1375)
502:(1315)
496:(1292)
490:(1276)
484:(1266)
471:(1303)
465:(1299)
459:(1281)
453:(1260)
447:(1260)
445:Aleppo
435:(1258)
422:(1165)
420:Tarsus
416:(1152)
391:(1125)
80:Result
1158:Rupen
981:on 25
753:Alice
528:Syria
69:Syria
1967:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1860:ISBN
1140:Acre
935:and
907:Homs
905:and
903:Hama
888:emir
759:(d.
518:The
482:Mari
457:Homs
395:Acre
389:Azaz
71:and
55:Date
42:and
842:War
679:of
506:Sis
1987::
1941:.
1937:.
1932:c.
1902:;
1883:.
1879:.
1800:^
1779:^
1724:^
1709:^
1620:^
1595:^
1568:^
1547:^
1526:^
1509:^
1486:^
1469:^
1436:^
1411:^
1396:^
1375:^
1360:^
1345:^
1328:^
1313:^
1296:^
1267:^
1252:^
1223:^
1200:^
1078:,
1070:,
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686:r.
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1975:.
1951:.
1922:.
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1868:.
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