583:
2718:
283:
20:
948:(in present-day Thailand) had been subsumed into Tai states of Sukhothai and Lan Na by the end of the 13th century. Wareru's kingdom would not only survive but also thrive to become the wealthiest state of all post-Pagan kingdoms well into the 16th century. The success and longevity of the kingdom aided the emergence of "Mons as a coherent ethnicity" in the 14th and 15th centuries.
1275:(Htin Aung 1967: 78) as well as the 1972 edition of the Burmese encyclopedia (MSK Vol. 12 1972: 333), were equivocal, saying Gadu was of mixed Shan-Mon background. Modern scholars (Michael Aung-Thwin and Matrii Aung-Thwin 2012: 128) say he was either of Mon or Shan background. (Aung-Thwin 2017: 239): "There may have been good political reasons for claiming that he was Shan by
809:(not Prince Thihathu of Prome, the patricide) invaded to retake the entire southern coast. The Pagan army captured Dala and laid siege to Pegu. The city was starving when Wareru's troops from Martaban arrived and broke the siege. The combined Martaban–Pegu forces went on to dislodge the Pagan army from Dala, and drive the invaders out of the
1607:(Pan Hla 2005: 25) reports Thursday, 6th waning of Tagu 648 ME , which is a typographical error. There was no 6th waning of Tagu or 6th waning of Late Tagu in the year 648 ME. The date may have been the 6th waning of Tagu 649 ME (Saturday, 5 April 1287), or the 6th waxing of Late Tagu 648 ME (Friday, 21 March 1287).
1481:
that King
Kyawswa gave rewards to Gen. Ananda Zeya Pakyan for having captured Dala in 658 ME (1296/97). Since the inscription was inscribed on 12 September 1296, during the rainy season, the capture of Dala most probably took place earlier in the year 658 ME (28 March 1296 to May 1296) before the rainy season began.
918:. At any rate, the Martaban mission eventually made it to the emperor's court, and received the emperor's recognition in June/July 1298. The Mongols knew that Wareru was then a vassal of Ram Khamhaeng, and recognized Wareru anyway because they did not want a strong state to emerge in Southeast Asia, even of Tais.
1480:
chronicle (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 150) does mention one campaign to Dala in 658 ME (28 March 1296 to 28 March 1297), which is supported by a contemporary inscription, (SMK Vol. 3 1983: 196, lines 1, 18–19), dated 14th waxing of Thantu (Thadingyut) 658 ME (12 September 1296). The inscription states
632:
of Pagan. The king had already lost the support of his key vassals, including his own sons, who ruled key Lower Burma ports (Prome, Dala and
Bassein). Without the full support of his sons, the king did not have enough troops to quell rebellions everywhere. In the south, the king's army never got past
644:
Meanwhile, Gadu consolidated his control of the
Martaban province. He first rebuilt the fortifications of Martaban, and then conquered Kampalani, (believed to be a small Shan state in present-day Kayin State) whose chief had refused to submit. After Kampalani, all other chiefs fell in line. Gadu was
1513:
after their victory over Pagan. But the chronicles themselves say that
Tarabya and Theindya, Wareru's daughter, had two sons, who later murdered Wareru. This means: (1) the alliance and marriages of state took place at least two years before the Pagan invasion, and the alliance broke up right after
939:
Wareru's greatest legacy was the establishment of a Mon-speaking kingdom, which enabled the preservation and continuation of Mon culture. Despite its fragility—after Wareru, the polity devolved into a loose confederation until the 1380s—the
Kingdom of Martaban became the only remaining Mon-speaking
830:
agreed to fight in single combat on their war elephants. Wareru defeated
Tarabya in combat but spared Tarabya's life at the intercession of the monks. He brought Tarabya, Theindya and their two young children to Martaban. But Tarabya was found plotting an attempt on Wareru's life, and was executed.
816:
The victory proved decisive. At Pagan, the devastating defeat broke the tenuous truce between
Kyawswa and his three brother viceroy-generals. Kyawswa would seek Mongol protection in January 1297, only to be overthrown by the brothers in the following December. The brothers would be preoccupied with
926:
After receiving Mongol recognition, Wareru reigned for another 8 and a half years. Based on the chronicles' lack of coverage, the years apparently were uneventful. Then in
January 1307, the king was assassinated by his two grandsons—the two sons of Tarabya. Despite his having raised them, the boys
405:
background, Wareru's greatest legacy was the establishment of the only Mon-speaking polity left standing after the 1290s. The success of the kingdom helped foster the emergence of the Mon people as a coherent ethnicity in the 14th and 15th centuries. Furthermore, the legal code he commissioned—the
737:
Situated on the upper
Tenasserim coast, Martaban was an island of stability during the interregnum. The multi-party war among the sons of the fallen king in Lower Burma never reached Martaban. The closest it came to was in 1287–1288 when Prince Thihathu the patricide laid siege to Pegu. Even when
829:
With Pagan out of the picture, the rivalry between
Tarabya and Wareru came back to the fore. The immediate point of contention was the control of the newly won Irrawaddy delta. By late 1296, the relationship had deteriorated to the point of war. The two sides met at the border, and the two lords
615:
Aleimma's rebellion turned out to be Gadu's opening. When the governor asked his vassals for support, Gadu readily obliged, offering his services and his men to the governor as well as a marriage alliance between the governor and his younger sister, with the wedding to be held at Donwun. It was
913:
to receive recognition directly from the Mongol Emperor. It was a bold gesture as his nominal overlord Ram Khamhaeng himself was a Mongol vassal. The Martaban mission passed through Pagan, where they were briefly arrested in March–April. By then, King Kyawswa of Pagan had been deposed by the
839:
616:
merely a ploy to get the governor out of Martaban. Surprisingly, Aleimma took the bait, and made a fateful trip to Donwun with a contingent of troops. On the night of the wedding, while Aleimma's guards were drunk, Gadu's men killed them, and assassinated the governor. It was
1544:
chronicle provides two different dates. One section (Pan Hla 2005: 35, footnote 2) says Wareru ruled 22 years at Martaban, implying that he came to power in 1284/85. But another section (Pan Hla 2005: 23, footnote 1) says he came to power in 648 ME (29 March 1286 to 28 March
1451:
654 ME (1292/93)—and proceeded to set up an alliance with Wareru by giving each other their daughter. However, (Harvey 1925: 110) says the alliance by the exchange of daughters took place in 1287. But Harvey's date is unlikely since Wareru eloped with his wife-to-be only
927:
held a grudge against their grandfather for the father's death. On one Saturday in January 1307, they repeatedly stabbed their unsuspecting grandfather to death. The boys were caught, and executed. The king was only 53. Because he left no male heir, his younger brother
604:.) By 1284/85, the commoner had set his sights on the governorship at Martaban itself. That a small-time chief like him would contemplate such a move is a testament to the rapidly dissipating authority of Pagan. At the time, Pagan's forces were faring badly against the
1408:(Shwe Naw 1922: 39) says the law book was compiled after Wareru had completed three years of reign and two years before he received a white elephant from the king of Sukhothai; the narrative points to late 1290 or early 1291. (Huxley 1990: 45) dates the
595:
Back at Tagaw Wun, Gadu with his troops became the chief of the village. Over the next few years, he enlarged the village into a small town named Donwun, and built up defenses around it. (His manpower may have been swelled by Mon-speaking refugees from
696:
5 April 1287. His royal style later became known in Mon as Wareru. The declaration did not elicit any action by Pagan, which was amidst its death throes. The empire formally fell on 1 July 1287 when the king was assassinated by one of his sons Prince
1470:(Pan Hla 2005: 30–35) includes two seemingly separate invasions by Pagan—the first around or after 654 ME (1292/93), and the second in 655 ME (1293/94). But the narratives are disjointed, and may refer to the same event. The first narrative says the
1366:
chronicle (Shwe Naw 1922: 39) states that the marriage took place on Thursday, 6th waxing of Tabodwe 1064 ME (Wednesday, 6 January 1703), which is a typographical error. If the year were 646 ME, Thursday, 6th waxing of Tabodwe 646 ME = 11 January
1456:
1281, which means the daughter would have just been at most 6 years old, and since the chronicles say she bore him two children soon after. (Htin Aung 1967: 79) says the alliance took place in 1287 but does not mention the exchange of
1344:
dates are off by about 3 years, and its reported date of Wareru's seizure of Martaban should be reset by three years to 646 ME (1284/85) as well. Most scholars (Phayre 1967) (Harvey 1925) (Hall 1960) (Htin Aung 1967) simply follow the
769:("Code of Wareru/Wagaru"). (The compilation was part of a wider regional pattern in which the former lands of the empire as well as its neighboring states produced legal texts modeled after Pagan's, between 1275 and 1317.)
1246:(Pan Hla 2005: 6, footnote 1 and 8, footnote 1): "Ma" is an honorific for males that means "male or lineage", and roughly equivalent to Burmese "Nga" or "Maung". Gadu in Mon means long conical hat (ခမောက်ရှည် in Burmese).
800:
as a symbol of royal recognition to his son-in-law although this open recognition may have forced Pagan's hand to act. In the dry season of 1295–1296 (also reported as 1293–1294), a sizable Pagan army led by generals
1416:
1272 when Huxley says Wagaru was king. Huxley's date is most likely a typographical error since all the chronicles and historians say Wareru became the strongman of Martaban only in the 1280s; Huxley may have meant
1385:
The kingdom he founded would later be known as Hanthawaddy Kingdom after the capital was moved to Hanthawaddy Pegu in 1369/70. In 1287, he did not yet control Pegu, and his realm was technically the Martaban
560:; "Lady Soidao"). So when the king was far away on a military expedition in the south, the couple, with a load of gold and silver, and about 270 of their retainers and troops fled to Tagaw Wun. (According to
777:
But Pagan was not completely out of the picture yet. It still claimed its former lands. A truce of sorts between King Kyawswa and his three generals was reached in February 1293. Around the same time,
1474:
1292/93 invasion took place during the reign of King Narathihapate, which cannot be true since the king had been dead since 1287. The second narrative says the king of Ngawdaw invaded in 1293/94.
738:
Prince Kyawswa eventually emerged as king of Pagan on 30 May 1289, the new king had no real army, and posed no threat to Pegu or Martaban. Indeed, Wareru's immediate concern was not Kyawswa but
882:(Taninthayi). If he had designs on the southern territories, he did not act upon them. After all, his overlord Sukhothai itself had designs on the Tenasserim coast. (Wareru's grandnephews
1353:
date of 646 ME (1284/85)—it is far more probable for Pagan to be preoccupied by the Mongol invasions in 1284–85 for the first Mongol invasion into northern Burma only began in 1283.
386:, decisively defeated a major invasion by Pagan. Wareru eliminated Tarabya soon after, and emerged as the sole ruler of three Mon-speaking provinces of Bassein, Pegu and Martaban
1483:
The colonial period scholarship (Harvey 1925: 111) and (Htin Aung 1967: 79) say Pagan was driven back in 1293–1294. But (Aung-Thwin 2017: 25) accepts the inscription's 1296 date.
1340:
also states that King Narathihapate died in 646 ME (1284/85), about three years after Wareru seized Martaban. Since, King Narathihapate actually died in 649 ME (on 1 July 1287),
519:. After a short stint, he took a job at the royal elephant stables in Sukhothai, and rose through the ranks to become the Captain of the Stables by the beginning of King
1395:
Royal chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 253) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 359) say that Tarabya was in charge of all 32 districts of Pegu at Kyawswa's accession.
527:
1279. Impressed by the commoner, the new king awarded Gadu the title of Saw Di-Dan-Ri (စောဋိဋံရည်), or Saw Li-Lat-She (စောလီလပ်ရှဲ). befitting an officer in his
1598:, 19 January 1288 . Scholarship (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 148, footnote 8) corrects it to Thursday, Full moon of Tabodwe 648 ME = Thursday, 30 January 1287
1509:(Pan Hla 2005: 30–31, 35) say that the two rulers set up an alliance by giving each other their daughter, fought the Pagan invasion, and fought each other
957:(also known as Code of Wareru). The Code was the basic law of the Mon-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century when it was adopted by the conquering
714:
In the beginning, Wareru was just one of several petty strongmen that had sprouted across the former empire. His realm covered approximately modern day
534:
According to Mon and Thai chronicles, Gadu repaid by eloping with the king's daughter. By 1281/82, he had become romantically involved with Princess
1434:
kingdoms—three of which were part of the Pagan Empire; the other two in present-day Thailand—produced or used law texts modeled after Pagan's texts.
1581:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 148): 646 ME (28 March 1284 to 28 March 1285). More likely late 646 ME (early 1285) since Wareru declared independence
2430:
759:, the main language of his nascent kingdom. He appointed a royal commission, which returned with the legal treatise that came to be known as
1301:(MSK Vol. 12 1972: 334): The title has been reported as စောဋိဋံရည် (Saw Di-Dan-Ri), စောလီလပ်ရှဲ (Saw Li-Lat-She) in Mon language chronicles.
846:
Wareru was now king of three Mon-speaking regions of Lower Burma. He had reconstituted a major portion of Pagan's Lower Burma holdings: the
649:
had successfully secured Ram Khamhaeng's support. The king of Sukhothai acknowledged Gadu as a vassal king, and awarded the royal title of "
1265:'s service. (Aung-Thwin 2017: 239): In Thai sources, "his ethnic background is more ambiguous: he is sometimes Shan, and sometimes Mon."
568:
states that the elopement story is probably "a trope" to link the early kings of Martaban and those of Siam, and may not be historical.)
2706:
548:
901:
governor of Myaungmya in the Irrawaddy delta. Because he did not have a male heir, his younger brother Gada became the de facto heir.
367:(Bagan Empire) in the 1280s. Wareru was assassinated in 1307 but his line ruled the kingdom until its fall in the mid-16th century.
1314:
suggests that Wareru came to power in 646 ME (1284/85) by stating he died in 668 ME (1306/07) after having ruled for 22 years. The
1376:
Accession date by scholarship (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 148, footnote 8): Thursday, Full moon of Tabodwe 648 ME = 30 January 1287
1310:
Chronicles report the date of assassination of Aleimma as either 643 ME (1281/82) or 646 ME (1284/85). The 16th century chronicle
1255:
Major Mon chronicles do not highlight his ethnicity except for his ethnic Mon name of Ma Gadu although the 16th century chronicle
893:
Wareru's immediate acts were to consolidate his rule across the newly won territories. He appointed his trusted minister Laik-Gi
3752:
3747:
745:
Nevertheless, the peace between the two neighboring strongmen held. Each was focused on consolidating his region. At Martaban,
1670:(Pan Hla 2005: 36): The king died on a Saturday in Tabodwe 668 ME (7, 14, 21 or 28 January 1307) in his 54th year (at age 53).
2416:
2328:
2306:
2284:
2262:
645:
still concerned about Pagan, and sought the backing of his father-in-law. By 1287, a diplomatic mission led by his minister
821:
until 1303. In all, neither Pagan nor its successor states would attempt a large scale invasion of the south until 1385.
300:
296:
961:. Translated into Burmese, Pali and Siamese, it became the basic law of the empire. The Code was adapted into the later
2538:
2394:
2375:
2223:
1585:
the Mongols defeated the Pagan army in the north which per (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 148) took place January 1285.
2620:
49:
818:
796:
Still in 1293, Wareru received assurance from Sukhothai of its continued support. King Ram Khamhaeng even sent a
2699:
1537:
1476:
Furthermore, the standard chronicles do not mention any campaigns to the south during Kyawswa's reign. But the
605:
577:
1447:(Pan Hla 2005: 28–30) says Tarabya came to power seven years after 647 ME (1285/86)—meaning he came to power
870:) on the upper Tenasserim coast. But he did not control other former Pagan territories farther south such as
1616:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 251) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 354, 358): 646 ME = 28 March 1284 to 28 March 1285
628:
Gadu went on to seize Martaban. His insurrection was one of several revolts around the country against King
3742:
3727:
3699:
3591:
973:
Various chronicles agree on the general outline of the king's life but tend to differ on the actual dates.
2663:
2409:
Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland
1572:(Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 246) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 351): 643 ME = 28 March 1281 to 28 March 1282
371:
118:
2692:
487:. They grew up in their native village, located about 100 km north of the provincial capital of
1492:
See (Phayre 1967: 65–68) and (Harvey 1925: 111–113) for summaries of the history of Ramanya to 1385.
3135:
2722:
1563:(Shwe Naw 1922: 39): before Thursday, 6th waxing of Tabodwe 1064 ME = Wednesday, 6 January 1703 .
1349:
date of 643 ME (1281/82), abbreviating the date as "1281". But (Aung-Thwin 2017: 238) prefers the
422:) of Myanmar, and greatly influenced the legal codes of Burma and Siam down to the 19th century.
1271:
scholars—(Phayre 1967: 65) (Harvey 1925: 110) and (Hall 1960: 146)—asserted that Gadu was Shan.
3650:
3025:
2520:
1001:
894:
781:
1293, Wareru and Tarabya entered into an alliance as a precaution against a Pagan invasion. In
608:, and vassal rulers throughout the country had become increasingly restless. At Martaban, Gov.
383:
1514:
the invasion; or (2) the alliance and marriages of state took place right before the invasion
3581:
3474:
2958:
898:
1261:(Pan Hla 2005: 16) mentions him an ethnic Mon in passing when he was in the service of King
965:
of the successor states of the empire, including Ayutthaya Siam and Restored Toungoo Burma.
692:
On 30 January 1287, Gadu declared himself king of Martaban. He held the coronation ceremony
3737:
3732:
3603:
3272:
3044:
2938:
2506:
2486:
2450:
2362:
Huxley, Andrew (1990). Tadeusz Skorupski (ed.). "How Buddhist Is Theravada Buddhist Law?".
958:
879:
8:
3357:
3322:
3252:
3083:
2901:
2649:
2584:
2524:(in Burmese). Translated by Shwe Naw. Yangon: Burma Publishing Workers Association Press.
2477:
1679:(Shwe Naw 1922: 44): The king died after 37 years of reign in his 62nd year (at age 61).
1257:
983:
609:
352:
218:
142:
2385:
Huxley, Andrew (2005). Paul Williams (ed.). "Buddhism and Law: The View from Mandalay".
3489:
3347:
3205:
3015:
2963:
2896:
2767:
2272:
2250:
990:
565:
528:
378:, he went on to declare independence from Pagan in 1287. In 1295–1296, he and his ally
271:
582:
3484:
3392:
3145:
3035:
3030:
2948:
2911:
2852:
2822:
2762:
2534:
2412:
2390:
2371:
2324:
2302:
2280:
2258:
2219:
1518:
1295/96, and the alliance broke up over two years after the invasion (1297 or after).
1134:
1108:
953:
915:
851:
786:
782:
761:
698:
561:
512:
431:
408:
375:
251:
246:
890:(r. 1323–1330) would later occupy the lower Tenasserim coast briefly in the 1320s.)
359:(Burma). By using both diplomatic and military skills, he successfully carved out a
3618:
3382:
3327:
2906:
2886:
2842:
2404:
731:
677:
668:
535:
516:
455:
443:
390:
1296. With his domain now much enlarged, Wareru sought and received recognition by
336:
324:
304:
290:
231:
174:
2294:
515:
to the east. He joined a convoy of about 30 merchants, and began traveling to the
511:
1272, Gadu took over his father's side business of trading goods with the Siamese
3665:
3576:
3499:
3442:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3312:
3049:
3005:
2921:
2747:
2490:
2234:
1328:
1160:
1014:
847:
810:
739:
722:. To his east was his overlord Sukhothai. To his south lay the Pagan province of
379:
742:, who had gained control of both Pegu and Dala and their surrounding districts.
3566:
3447:
3377:
3073:
3068:
3010:
2995:
2973:
2953:
2891:
2832:
2455:
797:
419:
2717:
3721:
3531:
3462:
3452:
3437:
3397:
3337:
3180:
3020:
2856:
2837:
2812:
2730:
2426:
1276:
1268:
1262:
855:
726:(Dawei), which too was in revolt. To his north were Pegu, and Dala, ruled by
663:
654:
634:
629:
539:
520:
496:
3516:
3427:
3407:
3387:
3307:
3297:
3242:
3190:
3165:
3150:
3125:
3040:
2985:
2943:
2872:
2807:
2752:
2684:
1322:
1316:
1021:
1008:
910:
875:
802:
790:
756:
682:
597:
484:
435:
391:
364:
360:
316:
236:
182:
1292:(Shwe Naw 1922: 32) and (MSK Vol. 12 1972: 333): In his 20th year = age 19
3640:
3635:
3608:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3526:
3302:
3287:
3227:
3217:
3160:
3155:
3000:
2797:
2472:
2338:
2316:
1431:
945:
867:
859:
719:
476:
402:
1661:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 150): 658 ME = 28 March 1296 to 28 March 1297
1625:(Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 150): 648 ME = 29 March 1286 to 28 March 1287
1594:(Pan Hla 2005: 25, footnote 1): Thursday, Full moon of Tabodwe 649 ME =
909:
By 1298, Wareru felt strong enough that he sent a diplomatic mission to
772:
3680:
3675:
3630:
3521:
3511:
3479:
3417:
3402:
3372:
3367:
3292:
3282:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3175:
3170:
2990:
2868:
2817:
2792:
751:
472:
414:
398:
70:
3670:
3655:
3645:
3571:
3362:
3317:
3262:
3222:
3195:
3185:
3140:
3063:
3058:
2782:
2350:
2218:(Illustrated ed.). Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill. p. 392.
1527:(Pan Hla 2005: 15): Thursday, 4th waning of Tagu 614 = 20 March 1253
1272:
941:
863:
727:
715:
638:
492:
468:
3660:
3561:
3422:
3257:
3130:
3115:
3110:
3100:
2881:
2876:
2757:
2634:
2564:
2548:
928:
887:
806:
480:
214:
93:
553:
3556:
3412:
3277:
3267:
2933:
2802:
2777:
2742:
650:
646:
601:
488:
356:
258:
207:
103:
838:
3546:
3054:
2827:
2787:
2481:(in Burmese) (8th printing ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
2467:(in Burmese). Vol. 1–5. Yangon: Archaeological Department.
2257:(illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
464:
460:
178:
3432:
3120:
3105:
2772:
2239:
Die äthiopischen Handschriften der K.K. Hofbibliothek zu Wien
883:
871:
723:
2531:
Mon Nationalism and Civil War in Burma: The Golden Sheldrake
2249:
2213:
363:-speaking polity in Lower Burma, during the collapse of the
1634:(Pan Hla 2005: 34): 655 ME = 29 March 1293 to 28 March 1294
1554:(Pan Hla 2005: 23): 643 ME = 28 March 1281 to 28 March 1282
170:
2343:
History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824
1652:(Pan Hla 2005: 35): 655 ME = March 1293 to 28 March 1294
940:
polity from the 1290s onwards. The older Mon kingdoms of
19:
2301:. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press.
1320:(1724) says he seized Martaban in 643 ME (1281/82). The
833:
2431:"Evolution of the Conception of Law in Burma and Siam"
667:)) also reported in Mon and Burmese as "Binnya Waru" (
623:
2551:(December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400".
1643:(Pan Hla 2005: 29–30): 7 years after 647 ME (1285/86)
773:
Alliance with Pegu and victory over Pagan (1293–1296)
641:, and failed both times to take the town in 1285–86.
3708:
Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)
2245:. Translated by P.W. Schmidt. Vienna: Alfred Hölder.
904:
2357:. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
586:The Mongol invasions of Northern Burma (1277–1287)
1326:chronicle (1798) gives 646 ME (1284/85). But the
3719:
2462:
479:or mixed Mon and Shan. He had a younger brother
374:in 1285, and after receiving the backing of the
2323:(3rd ed.). Hutchinson University Library.
2000:
1430:(Huxley 2005: 62): Between 1275 and 1317, five
471:), to poor peasants. His ethnic background was
2571:(in Burmese). Vol. 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon.
2387:Buddhism: Buddhism in South and Southeast Asia
590:
2700:
2714:
1810:
1808:
1780:
1778:
637:(Bago), which was headed by another warlord
612:himself had begun planning for a rebellion.
2142:
2009:
1970:
1926:
1924:
1754:
1174:Unspecified date, soon after his accession
2707:
2693:
2271:
2214:Gerry Abbott, Khin Thant Han, ed. (2000).
2032:
2030:
1993:
1991:
1900:
709:
2403:
2349:
2279:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
2235:"Slapat des Ragawan der Königsgeschichte"
2165:
2163:
2099:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2060:
2053:
2051:
1979:
1963:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1914:
1912:
1906:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 149, footnote 3
1866:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1840:
1831:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1805:
1787:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1738:
1736:
1717:
1715:
1713:
824:
2563:
2547:
2517:
2495:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
2444:(1). Siam Society Heritage Trust: 13–24.
2255:A History of Myanmar Since Ancient Times
2216:The Folk-Tales of Burma: An Introduction
2197:
2195:
2193:
2181:
2133:
1921:
1796:
862:in the middle to the Martaban province (
837:
789:while Wareru married Tarabya's daughter
581:
18:
16:Founding King of Martaban (r. 1287–1307)
2471:
2299:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia
2172:
2151:
2027:
1988:
1873:
951:His second legacy was the law treatise
755:(customary law book) to be compiled in
301:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
3720:
2505:
2485:
2425:
2384:
2361:
2337:
2293:
2160:
2115:
2106:
2094:
2078:
2069:
2048:
2039:
2018:
1958:
1942:
1933:
1909:
1891:
1882:
1861:
1849:
1817:
1763:
1745:
1733:
1710:
1082:Declaration of independence from Pagan
931:succeeded with the title of Hkun Law.
2688:
2528:
2232:
2190:
2124:
1701:
1692:
1145:2 years after the compilation of the
842:Kingdom of Martaban at Wareru's death
834:Consolidation of Mon-speaking regions
701:. Two years of interregnum followed.
676:
662:
459:) on 20 March 1253 in the village of
454:
335:
2454:(in Burmese). Vol. 12. Yangon:
2315:
1724:
854:) in the west to the Pegu province (
785:, Tarabya married Wareru's daughter
397:Although he may have been of ethnic
2487:Phayre, Major-General Sir Arthur P.
2345:. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
1279:, and equally good reasons for the
1053:Seizure of governorship at Martaban
704:
624:Rebel ruler of Martaban (1285–1287)
384:self-proclaimed king of Pegu (Bago)
13:
2671:11 January 1285 – 30 January 1287
502:
372:governorship of Martaban (Mottama)
14:
3764:
2553:Journal of Burma Research Society
968:
2716:
2277:Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century
1185:Pagan invasion(s) of Lower Burma
905:Recognition by Yuan China (1298)
571:
281:
2297:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.).
2207:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1588:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1530:
1521:
1495:
1486:
1460:
1437:
1424:
1398:
1389:
1379:
1370:
1356:
1336:643 ME (1281/82). However, the
1304:
1219:(7, 14, 21 or 28) January 1307
749:1290/91, Wareru commissioned a
370:Wareru, a commoner, seized the
2507:Phayre, Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P.
2465:Shay-haung Myanma Kyauksa-mya
2463:Nyein Maung, ed. (1972–1998).
2411:. Cambridge University Press.
1295:
1286:
1249:
1240:
578:First Mongol invasion of Burma
1:
3753:13th-century Burmese monarchs
3748:14th-century Burmese monarchs
2668:
2626:
2600:
2253:; Maitrii Aung-Thwin (2012).
1802:Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 148
1686:
1515:
1471:
1453:
1448:
1418:
1413:
1133:White elephant received from
1039:
975:
921:
916:three generals from Myinsaing
778:
746:
693:
664:[t͡ɕaːw˥˩faː˥.ruːa˥˩]
617:
524:
508:
425:
412:—is one of the oldest extant
387:
345:
200:
192:
128:
107:
60:
3700:Confederation of Shan States
3592:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
1347:Maha Yazawin/Hmannan Yazawin
7:
2501:. Calcutta: 23–57, 120–159.
2438:Journal of the Siam Society
2006:Than Tun 1959: 119, 121–122
591:Chief of Donwun (1281–1285)
554:
10:
3769:
2569:Studies in Burmese History
686:
575:
439:
320:
3689:
3617:
3590:
3498:
3461:
3204:
3082:
2972:
2920:
2851:
2729:
2673:
2661:
2646:
2641:
2631:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2578:
2458:. 1972. pp. 333–334.
2370:. Psychology Press: 121.
1505:(Phayre 1873: 42–43) and
1224:
1218:
1176:
1150:
1124:
1044:
1019:
1006:
999:
988:
981:
978:
934:
897:, and his brother-in-law
672:
658:
600:, driven out by Tai king
543:
447:
430:The future king was born
355:, located in present-day
351:) was the founder of the
328:
267:
257:
245:
224:
206:Saturday, 11th waxing of
188:
163:
159:
149:
138:
124:
117:
99:
89:
79:
69:
55:
48:
31:
2389:. Taylor & Francis.
1930:Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 359
1760:Aung-Thwin 2017: 237–238
1233:
1122:3 years after accession
803:Yazathingyan of Mekkhaya
491:(present-day Mottama in
169:Thursday, 4th waning of
3705:Brief revival (1550–52)
2518:Shwe Naw, ed. (1922) .
2233:Athwa, Sayadaw (1906).
2148:Lieberman 2003: 130–131
1269:British colonial period
710:Early reign (1287–1293)
517:royal city of Sukhothai
2529:South, Ashley (2003).
2521:Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw)
2513:. London: Susil Gupta.
2273:Aung-Thwin, Michael A.
2251:Aung-Thwin, Michael A.
1002:Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw)
843:
825:Break with Pegu (1296)
587:
507:When he was about 19,
452:Burmese pronunciation:
349: 14 January 1307
333:Burmese pronunciation:
289:This article contains
196: 14 January 1307
132: 11 January 1285
64: 14 January 1307
24:
3582:Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
2491:"The History of Pegu"
1721:MSK Vol. 12 1972: 334
841:
585:
564:, this was a legend.
483:and a younger sister
219:Martaban Kingdom
22:
3696:Mongol vassal (1297)
3604:Smim Htaw Buddhaketi
3088:1287–1539, 1550–1552
2405:Lieberman, Victor B.
1985:Pan Hla 2005: 30, 35
1742:Aung-Thwin 2017: 238
959:First Toungoo Empire
538:, (Me Nang Soy-Dao;
513:kingdom of Sukhothai
495:), then part of the
3743:Burmese Shan people
3728:Hanthawaddy dynasty
3693:Regent or Co-Regent
3084:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
2585:Hanthawaddy Dynasty
2478:Razadarit Ayedawbon
2187:Lingat 1950: 23, 28
2178:Htin Aung 1967: 127
2066:Pan Hla 2005: 38–40
1846:Pan Hla 2005: 24–25
1837:Pan Hla 2005: 26–27
1814:Pan Hla 2005: 28–29
1793:Pan Hla 2005: 21–22
1784:Pan Hla 2005: 20–21
1542:Razadarit Ayedawbon
1445:Razadarit Ayedawbon
1312:Razadarit Ayedawbon
1281:Yazadarit Ayedawpon
1258:Razadarit Ayedawbon
984:Razadarit Ayedawbon
886:(r. 1311–1323) and
681:)) and Smim Warow (
3348:Muni Thudhammaraza
3016:Kale Kye-Taung Nyo
2964:Minbyauk Thihapate
2768:Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu
2625:30 January 1287 –
2451:Myanma Swezon Kyan
2364:The Buddhist Forum
2355:A History of Burma
2112:Htin Aung 1967: 82
2103:Than Tun 1959: 120
2057:Htin Aung 1967: 80
2015:Than Tun 1964: 278
1955:Htin Aung 1967: 79
1939:Than Tun 1959: 119
1918:Htin Aung 1967: 74
1332:(1832) reverts to
844:
783:marriages of state
678:[bəɲáwàjú]
588:
566:Michael Aung-Thwin
463:(near present-day
344:; 20 March 1253 –
272:Theravada Buddhism
59:30 January 1287 –
25:
3715:
3714:
3393:Sanda Thuriya III
3146:Binnya Dhammaraza
2823:Naratheinga Uzana
2763:Nyaung-u Sawrahan
2683:
2682:
2674:Succeeded by
2664:Ruler of Martaban
2659:
2632:Succeeded by
2418:978-0-521-80496-7
2330:978-1-4067-3503-1
2308:978-0-8248-0368-1
2286:978-0-8248-6783-6
2264:978-1-86189-901-9
2201:Shwe Naw 1922: 39
2139:South 2003: 70–71
1879:Schmidt 1906: 114
1362:Furthermore, the
1231:
1230:
1201:unspecified date
1191:
1168:
1109:Wareru Dhammathat
1089:30 January 1287
1086:19 January 1288
1069:
954:Wareru Dhammathat
852:Ayeyarwady Region
807:Thihathu of Pinle
787:May Hnin Theindya
767:Wagaru Dhammathat
762:Wareru Dhammathat
699:Thihathu of Prome
661:, "Lord Fa Rua",
620:11 January 1285.
552:
409:Wareru Dhammathat
376:Sukhothai Kingdom
297:rendering support
277:
276:
252:May Hnin Theindya
183:Pagan Empire
134:– 30 January 1287
119:Ruler of Martaban
3760:
3624:
3619:Konbaung dynasty
3597:
3505:
3468:
3383:Sanda Thuriya II
3211:
3089:
2979:
2927:
2862:
2736:
2723:Burmese monarchs
2721:
2720:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2670:
2653:
2647:Preceded by
2629:14 January 1307
2628:
2621:King of Martaban
2604:
2602:
2594:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2560:
2544:
2525:
2514:
2511:History of Burma
2502:
2482:
2468:
2459:
2445:
2435:
2422:
2400:
2381:
2358:
2351:Htin Aung, Maung
2346:
2334:
2312:
2290:
2268:
2246:
2229:
2202:
2199:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2169:Abbott 2000: 297
2167:
2158:
2157:Harvey 1925: 171
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2092:
2091:Pan Hla 2005: 36
2089:
2076:
2075:Pan Hla 2005: 31
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2046:
2045:Pan Hla 2005: 32
2043:
2037:
2036:Harvey 1925: 110
2034:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1997:Harvey 1925: 111
1995:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1967:Pan Hla 2005: 30
1965:
1956:
1953:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1919:
1916:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1897:Pan Hla 2005: 26
1895:
1889:
1888:Pan Hla 2005: 25
1886:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1870:Pan Hla 2005: 24
1868:
1859:
1858:Coedes 1968: 206
1856:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1828:Pan Hla 2005: 23
1826:
1815:
1812:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1773:
1772:Pan Hla 2005: 20
1770:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:Coedes 1968: 205
1749:
1743:
1740:
1731:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1708:
1707:Pan Hla 2005: 16
1705:
1699:
1698:Pan Hla 2005: 15
1696:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1283:making him Mon."
1253:
1247:
1244:
1189:
1166:
1095:6 January 1703
1070:6 January 1703
1067:
1041:
976:
895:governor of Pegu
780:
748:
705:King of Martaban
695:
688:
680:
674:
666:
660:
619:
559:
547:
545:
536:May Hnin Thwe-Da
526:
510:
458:
456:[məgədú]
453:
449:
441:
389:
353:Martaban Kingdom
350:
347:
340:; also known as
339:
337:[wàɹíjú]
334:
330:
322:
303: instead of
285:
284:
232:May Hnin Thwe-Da
212:
211:
202:
197:
194:
133:
130:
112:
109:
65:
62:
50:King of Martaban
29:
28:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3685:
3622:
3621:
3613:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3577:Taninganway Min
3503:
3502:
3500:Toungoo dynasty
3494:
3466:
3465:
3457:
3443:Sanda Wimala II
3353:Sanda Thuriya I
3343:Wara Dhammaraza
3333:Sanda Thudhamma
3313:Thiri Thudhamma
3209:
3208:
3206:Mrauk U Kingdom
3200:
3087:
3086:
3078:
3026:Minye Kyawswa I
2977:
2976:
2968:
2925:
2924:
2922:Sagaing Kingdom
2916:
2860:
2859:
2847:
2734:
2733:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2679:
2667:
2652:
2637:
2624:
2603:14 January 1307
2595:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2541:
2448:
2433:
2419:
2397:
2378:
2331:
2309:
2287:
2265:
2226:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:Phayre 1967: 65
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2024:Harvey 1925: 78
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:Phayre 1873: 41
1975:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1771:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1540:version of the
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1475:
1465:
1461:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1425:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1357:
1329:Hmannan Yazawin
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1266:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1195:
1193:
1161:Tarabya of Pegu
1088:
1087:
1015:Hmannan Yazawin
971:
937:
924:
907:
848:Irrawaddy delta
836:
827:
819:Mongol reprisal
817:the inevitable
811:Irrawaddy delta
775:
712:
707:
626:
606:Mongol invaders
593:
580:
574:
556:Mae-nang Soidao
529:Household Corps
505:
503:Sukhothai years
451:
428:
420:legal treatises
348:
332:
310:
309:
308:
295:Without proper
286:
282:
241:
213:
205:
203:
199:
195:
177:
168:
131:
110:
63:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3766:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3625:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3567:Minye Kyawhtin
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3448:Sanda Thaditha
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3378:Sanda Wimala I
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3052:
3047:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:Kingdom of Ava
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2865:
2863:
2857:Pinya Kingdoms
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2680:
2677:disestablished
2675:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2609:Regnal titles
2606:
2605:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2561:
2545:
2539:
2526:
2515:
2503:
2483:
2469:
2460:
2456:Sarpay Beikman
2446:
2423:
2417:
2401:
2395:
2382:
2376:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2329:
2313:
2307:
2295:Coedès, George
2291:
2285:
2269:
2263:
2247:
2230:
2224:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2130:South 2003: 70
2123:
2114:
2105:
2093:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2047:
2038:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1957:
1941:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1860:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1816:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1732:
1730:South 2003: 69
1723:
1709:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1587:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1529:
1520:
1494:
1485:
1459:
1436:
1423:
1404:The chronicle
1397:
1388:
1378:
1369:
1355:
1342:Maha Yazawin's
1334:Maha Yazawin's
1303:
1294:
1285:
1248:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1159:Alliance with
1155:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1034:20 March 1253
1032:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1005:
998:
987:
980:
970:
969:Historiography
967:
936:
933:
923:
920:
906:
903:
835:
832:
826:
823:
798:white elephant
774:
771:
734:respectively.
711:
708:
706:
703:
625:
622:
592:
589:
573:
570:
544:แม่นางสร้อยดาว
504:
501:
427:
424:
305:Burmese script
299:, you may see
291:Burmese script
287:
280:
279:
278:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
261:
255:
254:
249:
243:
242:
240:
239:
234:
228:
226:
222:
221:
190:
186:
185:
165:
161:
160:
157:
156:
154:Disestablished
151:
147:
146:
140:
136:
135:
126:
122:
121:
115:
114:
101:
100:Chief Minister
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
67:
66:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
43:
42:
39:
36:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3765:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3463:Prome Kingdom
3460:
3454:
3453:Maha Thammada
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:Sanda Thumana
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Naradipati II
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Thiri Thuriya
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:Binnya Ran II
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Thihathura II
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Mohnyin Thado
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Narathihapate
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:Pagan dynasty
2728:
2724:
2719:
2710:
2705:
2703:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2678:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2642:Royal titles
2640:
2636:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2599:
2593:20 March 1253
2592:
2587:
2586:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2540:9780700716098
2536:
2533:. Routledge.
2532:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2396:9780415332330
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2377:9780728601628
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2241:(in German).
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2225:90-04-11812-8
2221:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2042:
2033:
2031:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1727:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1704:
1695:
1691:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1463:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1392:
1382:
1373:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1282:
1278:
1277:T'ai speakers
1274:
1270:
1264:
1263:Ram Khamhaeng
1260:
1259:
1252:
1243:
1239:
1227:
1226:not mentioned
1221:
1216:
1215:Date of death
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:not mentioned
1203:
1200:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:not mentioned
1173:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:not mentioned
1148:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:not mentioned
1121:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:5 April 1287
1091:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:not mentioned
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:Date of birth
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1003:
997:
993:
992:
986:
985:
977:
974:
966:
964:
960:
956:
955:
949:
947:
943:
932:
930:
919:
917:
912:
902:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
866:and southern
865:
861:
858:and southern
857:
856:Yangon Region
853:
850:(present-day
849:
840:
831:
822:
820:
814:
812:
808:
804:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
770:
768:
764:
763:
758:
754:
753:
743:
741:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
718:and southern
717:
702:
700:
690:
684:
679:
670:
665:
656:
652:
648:
642:
640:
636:
631:
630:Narathihapate
621:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
584:
579:
572:Rise to power
569:
567:
563:
558:
557:
550:
541:
537:
532:
530:
522:
521:Ram Khamhaeng
518:
514:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
445:
437:
433:
423:
421:
417:
416:
411:
410:
404:
400:
395:
393:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
343:
338:
326:
318:
314:
306:
302:
298:
294:
292:
273:
270:
266:
262:
260:
256:
253:
250:
248:
244:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
227:
223:
220:
216:
209:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:20 March 1253
166:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
145:(as governor)
144:
141:
137:
127:
123:
120:
116:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
72:
68:
58:
54:
51:
47:
40:
37:
34:
33:
30:
27:
21:
3542:Minye Deibba
3517:Tabinshwehti
3475:Thado Minsaw
3428:Sanda Parama
3408:Sanda Wizala
3388:Sanda Wizaya
3191:Smim Sawhtut
3166:Leik Munhtaw
3151:Binnya Ran I
3126:Binnya E Law
3095:
3069:Narapati III
3041:Minkhaung II
2986:Thado Minbya
2954:Anawrahta II
2873:Yazathingyan
2808:Naratheinkha
2676:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2619:
2614:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2568:
2556:
2552:
2530:
2519:
2510:
2498:
2494:
2476:
2473:Pan Hla, Nai
2464:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2408:
2386:
2367:
2363:
2354:
2342:
2339:Harvey, G.E.
2320:
2317:Hall, D.G.E.
2298:
2276:
2254:
2242:
2238:
2215:
2208:Bibliography
2183:
2174:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2071:
2062:
2041:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1981:
1972:
1935:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1842:
1833:
1798:
1789:
1756:
1747:
1726:
1703:
1694:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1595:
1590:
1582:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1488:
1478:Yazawin Thit
1477:
1467:
1462:
1444:
1439:
1426:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1391:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1358:
1351:Yazawin Thit
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:Maha Yazawin
1337:
1333:
1327:
1323:Yazawin Thit
1321:
1317:Maha Yazawin
1315:
1311:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1280:
1256:
1251:
1242:
1225:
1214:
1204:
1184:
1177:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1132:
1125:
1107:
1106:
1081:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1029:
1022:Yazawin Thit
1020:
1013:
1009:Maha Yazawin
1007:
1000:
995:
989:
982:
972:
962:
952:
950:
938:
925:
908:
892:
878:(Myeik) and
845:
828:
815:
795:
791:Shin Saw Hla
776:
766:
760:
750:
744:
736:
713:
691:
687:သ္ငီ ဝါရောဝ်
643:
627:
614:
598:Haribhunjaya
594:
562:George Cœdès
555:
533:
506:
497:Pagan Empire
485:Hnin U Yaing
429:
413:
407:
396:
369:
365:Pagan Empire
341:
312:
311:
288:
237:Shin Saw Hla
153:
83:
75:5 April 1287
26:
3738:1307 deaths
3733:1253 births
3666:Tharrawaddy
3641:Hsinbyushin
3636:Naungdawgyi
3609:Binnya Dala
3537:Anaukpetlun
3228:Ba Saw Phyu
3161:Binnya Kyan
3156:Binnya Waru
3074:Narapati IV
3050:Narapati II
3001:Minkhaung I
2944:Anawrahta I
2656:as Governor
1538:Binnya Dala
1406:Mon Yazawin
1364:Mon Yazawin
1190:in or after
1167:in or after
963:dhammathats
946:Haripunjaya
868:Kayin State
860:Bago Region
730:and Prince
720:Kayin State
659:เจ้าฟ้ารั่ว
415:dhammathats
321:ဝါရေဝ်ရောဝ်
217:(Mottama),
139:Predecessor
111: 1296
80:Predecessor
38:ဝါရေဝ်ရောဝ်
23:King Wareru
3722:Categories
3631:Alaungpaya
3522:Bayinnaung
3512:Mingyi Nyo
3480:Bayin Htwe
3418:Nara Apaya
3403:Narapawara
3373:Naradipati
3368:Kalamandat
3248:Salingathu
3238:Ba Saw Nyo
3176:Dhammazedi
3171:Shin Sawbu
3036:Thihathura
3031:Narapati I
2991:Swa Saw Ke
2959:Tarabya II
2902:Kyawswa II
2869:Athinkhaya
2818:Htilominlo
2793:Kyansittha
2427:Lingat, R.
1687:References
1457:daughters.
1410:dhammathat
1147:Dhammathat
922:Last years
911:Yuan China
880:Tenasserim
752:dhammathat
673:ဗညား ဝါရူး
576:See also:
523:'s reign,
426:Early life
392:Yuan China
84:New office
71:Coronation
3702:(1527–55)
3656:Bodawpaya
3623:1752–1885
3596:1740–1757
3572:Sanay Min
3532:Nyaungyan
3504:1510–1752
3490:Minkhaung
3467:1482–1542
3363:Mayuppiya
3273:Minkhaung
3210:1429–1785
3196:Smim Htaw
3186:Takayutpi
3141:Razadarit
3136:Maha Dewi
3064:Hkonmaing
3059:Thohanbwa
2978:1364–1555
2939:Tarabya I
2926:1315–1364
2897:Kyawswa I
2861:1297–1364
2853:Myinsaing
2783:Anawrahta
2615:New title
2509:(1967) .
2475:(2005) .
1507:Razadarit
1468:Razadarit
1273:Htin Aung
1267:However,
1222:1739/40
1135:Sukhothai
942:Dvaravati
874:(Dawei),
864:Mon State
728:Akhamaman
716:Mon State
639:Akhamaman
493:Mon State
469:Mon State
461:Tagaw Wun
394:in 1298.
198:(aged 53)
179:Tagaw Wun
171:Late Tagu
150:Successor
90:Successor
3661:Bagyidaw
3651:Phaungka
3562:Narawara
3485:Narapati
3423:Thirithu
3358:Nawrahta
3323:Narapati
3308:Khamaung
3298:Phalaung
3258:Gazapati
3243:Ran Aung
3131:Binnya U
3116:Zein Pun
3111:Saw Zein
3101:Hkun Law
3006:Thihathu
2912:Uzana II
2882:Thihathu
2877:Thihathu
2813:Sithu II
2758:Theinhko
2735:849–1297
2635:Hkun Law
2567:(1964).
2565:Than Tun
2549:Than Tun
2489:(1873).
2429:(1950).
2407:(2003).
2353:(1967).
2341:(1925).
2319:(1960).
2275:(2017).
1386:Kingdom.
1209:1296/97
1196:1293/94
1192:1292/93
1169:1292/93
1140:1293/94
1119:1281/82
1116:1286/87
1112:compiled
1101:1286/87
1098:1284/85
1076:1284/85
1073:1281/82
1064:1281/82
1061:1286/87
1057:1284/85
899:Min Bala
888:Saw Zein
489:Martaban
268:Religion
215:Martaban
94:Hkun Law
3552:Pindale
3413:Madarit
3303:Razagyi
3288:Saw Hla
3278:Min Bin
3268:Thazata
3218:Saw Mon
3011:Min Hla
2996:Tarabya
2934:Saw Yun
2907:Narathu
2887:Uzana I
2843:Kyawswa
2803:Narathu
2798:Sithu I
2778:Sokkate
2743:Pyinbya
2650:Aleimma
2580:Wareru
994:and/or
991:Pak Lat
740:Tarabya
732:Kyawswa
669:Burmese
651:Chao Fa
647:Laik-Gi
610:Aleimma
602:Mangrai
551::
481:Ma Gada
444:Burmese
380:Tarabya
357:Myanmar
329:ဝါရီရူး
325:Burmese
225:Consort
208:Tabodwe
204:
143:Aleimma
104:Laik-Gi
41:ဝါရီရူး
3681:Thibaw
3676:Mindon
3547:Thalun
3293:Sekkya
3283:Dikkha
3233:Dawlya
3096:Wareru
3055:Sawlon
2949:Kyaswa
2828:Kyaswa
2788:Saw Lu
2748:Tannet
2596:
2537:
2415:
2393:
2374:
2327:
2305:
2283:
2261:
2222:
1596:Monday
1545:1287).
1503:Slapat
1068:before
1042:1678
996:Nidana
979:Event
935:Legacy
876:Mergui
653:Rua" (
465:Thaton
434:Gadu (
382:, the
342:Wagaru
313:Wareru
263:Wareru
210:668 ME
106:(1287–
35:Wareru
3671:Pagan
3646:Singu
3527:Nanda
3433:Apaya
3328:Thado
3318:Sanay
3263:Saw O
3223:Khayi
3121:Saw E
3106:Saw O
2892:Sithu
2833:Uzana
2773:Kyiso
2598:Died:
2591:Born:
2559:(II).
2434:(PDF)
2321:Burma
1583:after
1511:right
1501:Both
1421:1292.
1367:1285.
1234:Notes
884:Saw O
872:Tavoy
724:Tavoy
448:မဂဒူး
259:House
247:Issue
125:Reign
56:Reign
3253:Raza
3057:and
3043:and
2875:and
2855:and
2753:Sale
2557:XLII
2535:ISBN
2413:ISBN
2391:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2325:ISBN
2303:ISBN
2281:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2220:ISBN
1536:The
1466:The
1443:The
1194:and
1012:and
944:and
929:Gada
805:and
765:and
655:Thai
635:Pegu
549:RTGS
540:Thai
477:Shan
440:မဂဒူ
403:Shan
189:Died
173:614
164:Born
3557:Pye
2243:151
1432:Tai
1412:to
1059:and
757:Mon
689:).
683:Mon
473:Mon
467:in
436:Mon
401:or
399:Mon
361:Mon
317:Mon
3724::
2871:,
2669:c.
2627:c.
2601:c.
2555:.
2499:42
2497:.
2493:.
2442:38
2440:.
2436:.
2366:.
2237:.
2192:^
2162:^
2096:^
2080:^
2050:^
2029:^
1990:^
1960:^
1944:^
1923:^
1911:^
1863:^
1851:^
1819:^
1807:^
1777:^
1765:^
1735:^
1712:^
1516:c.
1472:c.
1454:c.
1449:c.
1419:c.
1414:c.
1040:c.
813:.
793:.
779:c.
747:c.
694:c.
685::
675:,
671::
657::
618:c.
546:,
542::
531:.
525:c.
509:c.
499:.
475:,
450:,
446::
442:;
438::
432:Ma
388:c.
346:c.
331:,
327::
323:,
319::
201:c.
193:c.
181:,
175:ME
129:c.
108:c.
61:c.
2708:e
2701:t
2694:v
2543:.
2421:.
2399:.
2380:.
2368:1
2333:.
2311:.
2289:.
2267:.
2228:.
418:(
315:(
307:.
293:.
113:)
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