241:
1437:
83:
1675:
590:
216:
340:
513:
2308:
581:, the historian Robert L. Hess touches upon this alliance, writing that "in attempt to break out of Obbian-Mijertein encirclement, the Mullah sought closer alliances with the Warsangali of British Somaliland and Bah Geri of Ethiopia". In May 1916 the Dervish attacked Las Khorey but were repelled by a British Warship. In September of that year fearing a Dervish invasion, British troops occupied Las Khorey at the insistence of Sultan Mahamud Ali Shire.
2318:
1449:
354:
368:
1425:
561:
540:
III. The
Warsnagali are bound to render assistance to any vessel, whether British or belonging to any other nation, that may be wrecked on the shores under their jurisdiction and control , and to protect the crew, passengers, and cargo of such vessels, giving speedy intimation to the Resident at Aden
552:
VI. The
Warsangali hereby engage to assist all British officers in the execution of such duties as may be assigned to them, and further to act upon their advice in matters relating to the administration of justice, the development of the resources of the country, the interests of commerce, or in any
544:
IV. The
Traffic in slaves throughout the territories of the Warsangali shall cease for ever, and the Commander of any of Her Majesty's vessels, or any other British officer duly authorized, shall have the power of requiring the surrender of any slave, and of supporting the demand by force of arms by
525:
The
British Government have named and appointed Major Frederick Mercer Hunter, C.S.I., Political Agent and Consul for the Somali Coast, to conclude a Treaty for this purpose. The said Major F. M. Hunter, C.S.I., Political Agent and Consul for the Somali Coast, and the said Elders of the Warsangali,
464:
Vestiges of a similar degree of centralized administration on the pattern of a Muslim
Sultanate, survive today in the Protectorate among the Warsangali. Prior to 1920, the Garaad had at his command a small standing army with which, with British support, he fought Sayyid Mahamad Abdille Hassan's
445:
Sultanates such as these, generally only arose on the coast or through commanding an important trade route, and were largely dependent on the possession and control of a port or other exploitable economic resources. They were in direct trade and diffuse political relations with Arabia, received
548:
V. The
British Government shall have the power to appoint an Agent or Agents to reside in the territories of the Warsangali, and every such Agent shall be treated with respect and consideration, and be entitled to have for this protection such guard as the British Government deem sufficient.
532:
I. The
British government, in compliance with the wish of the undersigned Elders of the Warsangali, undertakes to extend to them and to the territories under their authorities and jurisdiction the gracious favour and protection of Her Majesty the Queen-Empress.
536:
II. The said Elders of the
Warsangali agree and promise to refrain from entering into any correspondence, Agreement, or Treaty with any foreign nation or Power, except with the knowledge and sanction of Her Majesty's Government.
521:
The
British Government and the Elders of the Warsangali tribe who have signed this Agreement being desirous of maintaining and strengthening the relations of peace and friendship existing between them;
757:
Following Garaad Ciise II's death, various pretenders to the throne battled each other to succeed the ruler. Power was eventually transferred for a short period to Ciise II's brother, Garaad Omar.
4476:
4491:
494:
Finally in the
Protectorate, the Garaad of the Warsangeli, the most celebrated and strongest of northern Sultans, is recognized by the Administration and receives a salary.
4399:
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1342:
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3924:
4501:
4445:
4150:
4297:
4184:
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4194:
4188:
1177:
3979:
1217:. Internet Archive. Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks, England : Bradt Travel Guides ; Guilford, CT : Globe Pequot Press. pp. 10–12.
1181:
1173:
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4414:
4409:
2705:
1287:
1660:
4318:
4145:
962:
Led the Sultanate during some of its most turbulent years. Fought against and signed treaties with the British. Eventually exiled to the
486:, several northern Somali sultanates, including the Warsangali Sultanate, signed numerous treaties that led to the establishment of the
4233:
4125:
4120:
490:
protectorate in 1887. I.M. Lewis mentions the Warsangali as being the most powerful of the sultanates within the British Protectorate.
4486:
4135:
4348:
4323:
4170:
4165:
1481:
1343:"King's College London, King's collection : Ismay's summary as Intelligence Officer (1916–1918) of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan"
499:
I.M. Lewis, A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, pg. 205
470:
I.M. Lewis, A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, pg. 209
451:
I.M. Lewis, A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, pg. 209
3841:
3658:
3040:
1247:
1222:
82:
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1036:
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541:
of the circumstances; for which act of friendship and good-will a suitable reward will be given by the British Government.
17:
3564:
1792:
1746:
1630:
1102:
413:
The Sultanate is recognized for its remarkable longevity as a political entity and its tendency to prioritize trade over
3710:
2710:
2110:
1195:
1112:
2354:
1494:
1154:
1070:
Lewis I.M. A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
3834:
318:
through various treaties with the northern Somali sultanates (Dir, Isaaq and Harti including the Warsangali). The
3336:
1613:
2498:
1729:
1592:
1041:
1378:
460:. I.M. Lewis points to the Sultanate's declining strength was due to the British Protectorate. Lewis writes:
3774:
2046:
2031:
1987:
1895:
1763:
1582:
3769:
3653:
2100:
2026:
1982:
1474:
1288:"Agreement between Great Britain and the Warsangali (Somali Coast), signed at Bunder Gori, 27 January 1886"
556:
VII. This Treaty to come into operation from the 27th day of January, 1886, on which date it was signed at
439:
A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa,
3779:
2816:
2157:
2120:
2115:
2105:
1933:
1775:
1655:
1650:
1623:
1313:
1240:
A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
1146:
A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
1073:
Speke. John Hanning. "Sultan/Garaad Mohamoud Ali—Hidden Treasure—Royal Reception—Sultan Tries my Abban".
553:
other matter in relation to peace, order, and good government, and the general progress of civilization.
402:
tribe, and was controlled by the descendants of the Gerad Dhidhin. The Warsangali Sultanate included the
3826:
1403:
446:
occasional Arab immigrants, and were the centres from which Islam expanded with trade into the interior.
4506:
2221:
1415:
1356:
3737:
2885:
2449:
2174:
2133:
2058:
2053:
1699:
1567:
3695:
3670:
3520:
3179:
3174:
2204:
1019:
3762:
3643:
3184:
3137:
3080:
2779:
2723:
2471:
2184:
2179:
2095:
1992:
1972:
1674:
1542:
1467:
1080:
Alinur, Said. "Abyssinian Invasion: Reminder of a Seven Century old Animosity". 17 January 2007.
310:
who assumed control during its most turbulent years. In 1884, the United Kingdom established the
4394:
3904:
3784:
3685:
3680:
3368:
3316:
3236:
3169:
3073:
3058:
2951:
2718:
2672:
2513:
2400:
2090:
1997:
1242:. Classics in African anthropology (3. ed. - Repr. d. Ausg. von 1982 ed.). Hamburg: LIT.
3919:
3715:
3675:
3488:
3363:
2427:
2417:
2376:
2347:
1144:
3603:
4029:
3939:
3808:
3638:
3608:
3483:
3414:
3385:
3304:
2638:
2476:
2466:
2289:
2194:
2143:
2041:
2004:
1977:
1683:
1552:
1051:
3588:
433:, its capital. It was through these ports that they made the bulk of their trade revenue.
8:
3974:
3944:
3500:
3380:
3346:
3248:
3068:
3063:
2875:
2594:
2530:
2405:
2390:
2279:
2264:
2244:
2216:
2021:
1951:
1709:
281:
96:
3216:
3206:
4455:
4364:
4287:
4044:
4039:
4004:
3914:
3894:
3613:
3593:
3576:
3527:
3392:
3201:
3152:
3085:
3003:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2890:
2860:
2752:
2650:
2518:
2493:
2236:
2138:
2078:
1967:
1704:
1577:
1572:
1557:
1502:
1263:
1046:
1014:
954:
945:
Father of Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shire, with whom he briefly engaged in a power struggle.
487:
323:
315:
307:
234:
1212:
4430:
4238:
4024:
3969:
3964:
3954:
3934:
3899:
3722:
3618:
3554:
3549:
3478:
3375:
3090:
3018:
3013:
2855:
2784:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2557:
2508:
2317:
2284:
2254:
2199:
2169:
1719:
1243:
1218:
1191:
1150:
1108:
1025:
319:
4435:
4404:
4369:
4338:
4292:
4269:
4115:
4009:
3999:
3959:
3889:
3571:
3358:
3353:
3309:
3296:
3226:
3194:
3189:
3053:
3048:
3030:
2991:
2924:
2907:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2774:
2730:
2700:
2660:
2643:
2626:
2589:
2340:
2311:
2274:
2269:
2226:
1618:
1605:
1537:
1527:
1429:
1009:
4333:
4328:
4155:
4080:
4014:
3909:
3789:
3757:
3630:
3598:
3581:
3537:
3532:
3510:
3505:
3463:
3456:
3431:
3291:
3286:
3127:
3008:
2902:
2897:
2865:
2690:
2680:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2547:
2503:
2385:
2371:
2211:
2189:
2125:
1885:
1870:
1714:
1547:
1185:
298:
imperial ruling house centered in northeastern and in some parts of southeastern
287:
272:
106:
66:
52:
3211:
456:
During the 19th century, Somali sultanates began to face pressure from European
4440:
4374:
4302:
4248:
4199:
3879:
3858:
3732:
3727:
3690:
3665:
3648:
3559:
3544:
3515:
3473:
3321:
3281:
3276:
3231:
3157:
3117:
3107:
3097:
2912:
2791:
2685:
2552:
2434:
2321:
2259:
1875:
1865:
1845:
1780:
1600:
1532:
1453:
1129:
1004:
483:
221:
560:
4470:
4450:
4343:
3984:
3884:
3813:
3700:
3495:
3468:
3441:
3419:
3397:
3164:
3147:
3132:
2976:
2929:
2917:
2843:
2735:
2609:
2604:
2579:
2461:
1815:
1441:
3241:
3221:
4277:
4075:
4049:
3705:
3446:
3436:
3402:
3331:
3326:
3253:
3043:
3025:
2986:
2981:
2961:
2956:
2828:
2821:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2695:
2633:
2614:
2599:
2535:
1820:
1768:
1522:
418:
311:
30:
This article is about the early modern Somali Sultanate. For the clan, see
512:
4210:
4090:
3856:
3424:
3409:
3258:
2971:
2880:
2870:
2796:
2444:
2439:
1913:
1850:
1107:. London, United Kingdom: Adonis & Abbey publishers ltd. p. 63.
780:
457:
410:
region, which was traditionally known as Maakhir or the Maakhir Coast.
3451:
3268:
3142:
3102:
3035:
2249:
1923:
1855:
1756:
1734:
1587:
963:
589:
465:
forces. But Garaad's powers' are dwindling under modern administration.
434:
430:
395:
31:
3949:
3341:
3112:
2996:
2966:
2747:
2621:
2412:
1825:
1751:
1517:
4130:
4095:
4065:
3929:
2742:
2525:
2483:
2422:
1928:
1918:
1903:
1880:
1810:
1739:
1459:
414:
339:
126:
306:. The sultanate was ruled in the 19th century by the influential
4258:
4253:
4218:
4160:
4110:
4105:
4034:
2655:
2584:
2540:
2395:
1908:
1490:
391:
303:
299:
295:
259:
133:
2456:
1065:
A Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in Horn of Africa.
4243:
4228:
3994:
3989:
2488:
2363:
1840:
1805:
776:
612:
Established the Warsangali Sultanate in the late 13th century.
565:
426:
403:
1081:
775:
after the death of his father, Garaad Ciise II. Returned with
4223:
4180:
4175:
4140:
4100:
4085:
4070:
3122:
1860:
1800:
1724:
772:
422:
399:
116:
441:
mentions the sultanates reliance on their ports and writes:
353:
2009:
1835:
1830:
407:
390:
The Sultanate of Gerad Dhidhin was established in northern
2332:
1349:
1130:
The Puntland State of Somalia. A Tentative Social Analysis
367:
4477:
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
1214:
Somaliland : with Addis Ababa & Eastern Ethiopia
1172:
526:
have agreed upon and concluded the following articles:-
394:
in the late 13th century by a group of Somalis from the
1077:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh William Blackwood and Sons 1864.
4492:
States and territories established in the 17th century
1404:"Warsangeli Sultanate (Sultanate of Northern Somalia)"
326:'s total population at the time, of 640,000 (18.75%).
1413:
1075:
What Led to the Discovery of the Source of the Nile
572:
406:region and sections of the country's northeastern
4468:
593:Warsangeli ancestors, family Tree and subclans
477:
4497:States and territories disestablished in 1924
3842:
2348:
1475:
508:Warsangali treaty with the British government
3805:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
302:. It governed an area historically known as
58:
44:
1371:
3849:
3835:
2355:
2341:
1482:
1468:
81:
4502:20th-century disestablishments in Somalia
1100:
1625:Ethiopian intervention (2006–2009)
1294:. Oxford Historical Treaties. 1886-01-27
1104:Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1
588:
559:
511:
345:Ruins in the coastal town of Las Khorey.
87:Map of the historic Warsangali Sultanate
3857:Kingdoms and dynasties of the medieval
3629:
1314:"The 'Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia"
1127:
189:54,231 km (20,939 sq mi)
14:
4469:
1379:""Rulers of the Warsangali Sultanate""
1210:
421:. The Sultanates major ports included
4482:17th-century establishments in Africa
3830:
2336:
1463:
1237:
1142:
579:The 'Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia
27:1298–1886 northeastern Somali kingdom
1489:
1168:
1166:
1037:List of Muslim empires and dynasties
1032:Somali aristocratic and court titles
597:Rulers of the Warsangali Sultanate:
1028:– founder of the Sultanate of Hobyo
291:
286:'Boqortooyada Warsangali',
59:
24:
1280:
1067:Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1960.
1022:– religious and nationalist leader
966:for ignoring imperial entreaties.
482:Under threat of violence from the
25:
4518:
1305:
1163:
4487:1924 disestablishments in Africa
3873:Islamic sultanates & Empires
2316:
2307:
2306:
1673:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1311:
1264:"Heshiiskii 27kii January, 1886"
987:Sultan Siciid Sultan Abdisalaan
801:Eldest son of Garaad Ali Dable.
573:Warsangali-Dervish collaboration
516:Warsangali Sultanate, circa 1857
366:
352:
338:
239:
214:
1593:Somaliland War of Independence
1396:
1357:"Sultan of Warsangali, Somalia"
1335:
1292:Oxford Public International Law
1057:
332:Ruins of northern Somali cities
76:Possibly late 13th century–1887
4059:Christian kingdoms and Empires
1256:
1231:
1204:
1136:
1121:
1101:Abdullahi, Abdurahman (2017).
1094:
1042:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
359:Historic structures in El Ayo.
13:
1:
1583:Trust Territory of Somaliland
1087:
568:Mohamoud Ali Shire from 1905.
385:
4415:Second Ajuran-Portuguese war
1359:. The African Royal Families
743:Father of Garaad Ali Dable.
7:
4410:First Ajuran-Portuguese war
2362:
1149:. James Currey Publishers.
998:
779:and defeated the Garaad of
478:British-Warsangali Treaties
10:
4523:
1321:Journal of African History
584:
380:
160:Possibly late 13th century
29:
4423:
4400:Adal conquest of Ethiopia
4387:
4357:
4311:
4267:
4208:
4058:
3872:
3865:
3798:
3750:
3267:
2671:
2370:
2302:
2235:
2165:
2156:
2086:
2077:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1894:
1791:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1671:
1643:
1510:
1501:
308:Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shire
255:
193:
183:
178:
174:
164:
154:
150:
142:
132:
122:
112:
102:
92:
80:
75:
39:
1128:Marchal, Roland (2010).
1020:Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
1543:Sultanate of the Geledi
1238:Lewis, Ioan M. (1999).
1211:Briggs, Philip (2012).
322:constituted 120,000 of
594:
569:
558:
517:
502:
473:
454:
276:
166:• Disestablished
45:
3775:Medieval great powers
1143:Lewis, I. M. (1999).
592:
563:
519:
515:
492:
462:
443:
277:Saldanadda Warsangeli
103:Common languages
46:Saldanadda Warsangeli
3785:European colonialism
3770:Ancient great powers
1632:(2009–present)
1563:Warsangali Sultanate
1553:Majeerteen Sultanate
1187:Warsangali Sultanate
1052:Majeerteen Sultanate
974:Sultan Abdul Sallan
269:Warsangali Sultanate
41:Warsangali Sultanate
18:Warsengali Sultanate
3780:Modern great powers
913:Garaad Mohamud Ali
822:Garaad Mohamud III
156:• Established
4395:Ethiopian–Adal war
4365:Kingdom of Wolaita
4040:Sultanate of Showa
3895:Sultanate of Harar
1934:South West Somalia
1578:British Somaliland
1573:Italian Somaliland
1558:Sultanate of Hobyo
1190:. VDM Publishing.
1047:Sultanate of Hobyo
1015:Mohamoud Ali Shire
955:Mohamoud Ali Shire
861:Garaad Mohamud IV
724:Garaad Mohamud II
620:Garaad Hamar Gale
595:
570:
518:
488:British Somaliland
373:Ruins of Qa’ableh.
324:British Somaliland
316:British Somaliland
235:British Somaliland
4507:Former sultanates
4464:
4463:
4431:Solomonic dynasty
4383:
4382:
3824:
3823:
3746:
3745:
3711:Polish–Lithuanian
2886:Gurjara-Pratihara
2330:
2329:
2298:
2297:
2152:
2151:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2037:Political parties
2027:Political history
1983:Foreign relations
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1720:Guardafui Channel
1669:
1668:
1608:(1986–1992)
1595:(1981–1991)
1249:978-3-8258-3084-7
1224:978-1-84162-371-9
1026:Yusuf Ali Kenadid
994:
993:
939:Garaad Ali Shire
785:Battle of Garadag
783:'s troops in the
765:Garaad Ali Dable
711:Garaad Siciid II
659:Garaad Mohamud I
292:سلطنة الورسنجلي
285:
265:
264:
251:
250:
247:
246:
227:
226:
16:(Redirected from
4514:
4456:Makhzumi dynasty
4446:Goobroon dynasty
4436:Walashma dynasty
4405:Oromo migrations
4370:Kingdom of Damot
4358:Wolaita kingdoms
4339:Kingdom of Damot
3870:
3869:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3828:
3827:
3627:
3626:
3292:Austro-Hungarian
2992:Chagatai Khanate
2357:
2350:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2320:
2310:
2309:
2163:
2162:
2129:
2116:Mineral industry
2106:Economic history
2084:
2083:
2017:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1633:
1626:
1609:
1596:
1568:Dervish movement
1528:Walashma dynasty
1508:
1507:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1318:
1312:Hess, Robert L.
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1098:
1010:Ajuran Sultanate
737:Garaad Ciise II
600:
599:
500:
471:
452:
370:
356:
342:
293:
280:
243:
242:
231:
230:
218:
217:
211:
210:
195:
194:
85:
70:
62:
61:
56:
48:
37:
36:
21:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4419:
4379:
4353:
4312:Sidama kingdoms
4307:
4263:
4204:
4054:
3915:Aussa Sultanate
3861:
3855:
3825:
3820:
3809:American Empire
3794:
3790:African empires
3742:
3625:
3317:Central African
3263:
3081:Romano-Germanic
2667:
2401:Middle Assyrian
2374:
2366:
2361:
2331:
2326:
2294:
2231:
2222:Public holidays
2148:
2127:
2065:
2011:
1938:
1890:
1886:Woqooyi Galbeed
1871:Middle Shebelle
1787:
1747:Mountain ranges
1715:Greater Somalia
1678:
1665:
1639:
1631:
1624:
1607:
1594:
1548:Isaaq Sultanate
1497:
1488:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1178:Timpledon, M.T.
1171:
1164:
1157:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1060:
1001:
887:Garaad Mohamed
672:Garaad Ciise I
633:Garaad Ibrahim
606:Garaad Dhidhin
587:
575:
504:
501:
498:
480:
472:
469:
453:
450:
388:
383:
378:
377:
376:
375:
374:
371:
362:
361:
360:
357:
348:
347:
346:
343:
334:
333:
320:Warsangali clan
240:
215:
186:
167:
157:
88:
71:
64:
60:سلطنة الورسنجلي
57:
50:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4520:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4441:Gareen dynasty
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3859:Horn of Africa
3854:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3831:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2673:Post-classical
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2472:Middle Kingdom
2469:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2428:Neo-Babylonian
2425:
2420:
2418:Old Babylonian
2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2337:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2175:Child marriage
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2144:Transportation
2141:
2136:
2134:Communications
2131:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2054:Prime Minister
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2007:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1876:Lower Shebelle
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1781:Bajuni Islands
1773:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1601:Isaaq genocide
1598:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1533:Adal Sultanate
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1410:
1409:
1395:
1370:
1348:
1334:
1304:
1279:
1255:
1248:
1230:
1223:
1203:
1197:978-6130586324
1196:
1184:(2010-07-03).
1182:Marseken, S.F.
1174:Surhonee, L.M.
1162:
1155:
1135:
1120:
1114:978-1909112797
1113:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1005:Adal Sultanate
1000:
997:
992:
991:
988:
985:
981:
980:
978:
975:
972:
968:
967:
960:
957:
951:
947:
946:
943:
940:
937:
933:
932:
930:
927:
924:
920:
919:
917:
914:
911:
907:
906:
904:
901:
898:
894:
893:
891:
888:
885:
881:
880:
878:
875:
874:Garaad Naleye
872:
868:
867:
865:
862:
859:
855:
854:
852:
849:
846:
842:
841:
839:
836:
835:Garaad Abdale
833:
829:
828:
826:
823:
820:
816:
815:
813:
810:
809:Garaad Yuusuf
807:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
789:
788:
769:
766:
763:
759:
758:
755:
752:
749:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
731:
730:
728:
725:
722:
718:
717:
715:
712:
709:
705:
704:
702:
699:
696:
692:
691:
689:
686:
685:Garaad Siciid
683:
679:
678:
676:
673:
670:
666:
665:
663:
660:
657:
653:
652:
650:
647:
644:
640:
639:
637:
634:
631:
627:
626:
624:
621:
618:
614:
613:
610:
607:
604:
586:
583:
574:
571:
545:land and sea.
496:
484:British Empire
479:
476:
467:
448:
437:, in his book
398:branch of the
387:
384:
382:
379:
372:
365:
364:
363:
358:
351:
350:
349:
344:
337:
336:
335:
331:
330:
329:
328:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
237:
228:
225:
224:
222:Adal Sultanate
219:
207:
206:
201:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
78:
77:
73:
72:
43:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4519:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4451:Zagwe dynasty
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Aussa Imamate
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3852:
3847:
3845:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3815:
3814:Soviet empire
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:Miscellaneous
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:German Empire
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3138:Turco-Persian
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
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2928:
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2923:
2919:
2916:
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2909:
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2879:
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2874:
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2864:
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2832:
2830:
2827:
2823:
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2818:
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2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
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2384:
2383:
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2378:
2373:
2369:
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2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2339:
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2323:
2319:
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2305:
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2301:
2291:
2288:
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2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:Mental health
2203:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
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1662:
1659:
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1649:
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1642:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1599:
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1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:Ajuran Empire
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1405:
1399:
1380:
1374:
1358:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1156:9780852552803
1152:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:Lewis. I. M.
1062:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
996:
990:1997–present
989:
986:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
969:
965:
961:
958:
956:
952:
949:
948:
944:
941:
938:
935:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
795:Garaad Liban
794:
791:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
767:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
746:
742:
739:
736:
733:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
706:
703:
700:
698:Garaad Ahmed
697:
694:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
611:
608:
605:
602:
601:
598:
591:
582:
580:
577:In his paper
567:
562:
557:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:
523:
514:
510:
509:
505:
495:
491:
489:
485:
475:
466:
461:
459:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
369:
355:
341:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
283:
278:
274:
270:
261:
258:
256:Today part of
254:
238:
236:
233:
232:
229:
223:
220:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
192:
188:
182:
177:
173:
169:
163:
159:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
84:
79:
74:
68:
54:
47:
38:
33:
19:
4076:Akkele Guzay
3565:Contemporary
3415:Indo-Persian
3403:Nazi Germany
3347:Contemporary
3249:Vijayanagara
3148:Great Seljuk
3059:Thessalonica
2987:Golden Horde
2627:Carthaginian
2406:Neo-Assyrian
2391:Neo-Sumerian
2245:Architecture
2185:Demographics
2180:Coat of arms
2121:Oil industry
2096:Central Bank
2013:
1993:Human rights
1973:Constitution
1562:
1523:Land of Punt
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1351:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1320:
1307:
1296:. Retrieved
1291:
1282:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1239:
1233:
1213:
1206:
1186:
1145:
1138:
1123:
1103:
1096:
1074:
1064:
1058:Bibliography
995:
784:
751:Garaad Omar
646:Garaad Omer
596:
578:
576:
564:Portrait of
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
528:
524:
520:
507:
506:
503:
493:
481:
474:
463:
455:
444:
438:
429:and finally
419:expansionism
412:
389:
312:protectorate
268:
266:
204:Succeeded by
203:
198:
185:• Total
4268:Kingdom of
4211:Beta Israel
4209:Kingdom of
3153:Khwarezmian
3086:Carolingian
2891:Rashtrakuta
2595:Shaishunaga
2494:Hellenistic
2477:New Kingdom
2467:Old Kingdom
2091:Agriculture
1998:LGBT rights
1914:Hirshabelle
1851:Middle Juba
1384:. Ferroon11
1327:10 February
1323:. 1964: 423
926:Garaad Aul
900:Garaad Ali
848:Garaad Ali
781:Dhulbahante
777:cannon fire
458:imperialism
199:Preceded by
4471:Categories
3723:Portuguese
3604:Revival Le
3594:Vietnamese
3237:Later Tran
3207:Vietnamese
3103:Singhasari
3091:Holy Roman
2715:Bulgarian
2651:Satavahana
2622:Phoenician
2558:Achaemenid
2519:Indo-Greek
2499:Macedonian
2413:Babylonian
2265:Literature
2128:(currency)
2032:Parliament
1988:Government
1924:Somaliland
1856:Lower Juba
1757:Buur Dhaab
1735:Iskushuban
1730:Waterfalls
1606:Rebellion
1588:Ogaden War
1511:Chronology
1298:2023-04-15
1273:2023-04-15
1088:References
977:1960–1997
964:Seychelles
959:1897–1960
942:1870–1897
929:1830–1870
916:1789–1830
903:1750–1789
890:1705–1750
877:1675–1705
864:1655–1675
851:1612–1655
838:1585–1612
825:1555–1585
812:1525–1555
798:1503–1525
771:Exiled in
768:1491–1503
754:1487–1495
740:1479–1487
727:1450–1479
714:1430–1450
701:1409–1430
688:1392–1409
675:1375–1392
662:1355–1375
649:1340–1355
636:1328–1340
623:1311–1328
609:1298–1311
435:I.M. Lewis
396:Warsangali
386:Background
123:Government
97:Las Khorey
32:Warsangali
4424:Dynasties
4319:Bahargamo
4146:Mai-Tsade
3905:Mogadishu
3716:Couronian
3354:Ethiopian
3342:Manchukuo
3297:Brazilian
3143:Ghaznavid
3113:Srivijaya
3064:Trebizond
3049:Byzantine
3031:North Sea
3026:Norwegian
3014:Almoravid
2997:Ilkhanate
2967:Majapahit
2940:Muromachi
2849:Solomonic
2834:Ethiopian
2748:Caliphate
2681:Aragonese
2509:Ptolemaic
2290:Languages
2195:Education
2126:Shilling
2101:Companies
2042:President
2005:Judiciary
1978:Elections
1826:Galguduud
1764:Mountains
1752:Cal Madow
1684:Geography
1619:Civil War
1518:Laas Geel
1430:Geography
1268:allsanaag
1132:(Report).
431:Laasqoray
294:), was a
113:Religion
4334:Kambaata
4234:Waldebba
4131:Hamasien
4126:Gheralta
4121:Entitcho
4096:Begemder
4066:Ambassel
3930:Aymallal
3920:Arababni
3696:Japanese
3659:Scottish
3639:American
3631:Colonial
3560:Imperial
3528:Moroccan
3464:Japanese
3442:Afsharid
3301:Burmese
3287:Austrian
3242:Later Le
3217:Early Le
3202:Venetian
3128:Tiwanaku
3041:Hellenic
3004:Moroccan
2935:Kamakura
2925:Japanese
2908:Saffarid
2861:Georgian
2775:Chalukya
2753:Rashidun
2743:Calakmul
2711:Bruneian
2590:Haryanka
2568:Sasanian
2563:Parthian
2514:Bactrian
2504:Seleucid
2484:Goguryeo
2462:Egyptian
2396:Assyrian
2386:Akkadian
2377:Colonies
2312:Category
2280:Religion
2217:Polygamy
2190:Diaspora
2022:Military
1952:Politics
1929:Puntland
1919:Jubaland
1904:Galmudug
1881:Togdheer
1811:Banaadir
1740:Lamadaya
1710:Wildlife
1656:Military
1651:Maritime
1644:By topic
1495:articles
1388:27 April
999:See also
497:—
468:—
449:—
415:conquest
127:Monarchy
4375:Welayta
4303:Wolayta
4288:Janjero
4259:Wolqayt
4254:Tsegede
4219:Dembiya
4161:Tselemt
4151:Tembien
4136:Haramat
4116:Enderta
4111:Dembela
4106:Delanta
4045:Tankish
4035:Sharkha
3955:Dankali
3940:Baqulin
3925:Argobba
3763:largest
3758:Empires
3738:Swedish
3733:Spanish
3728:Russian
3691:Italian
3666:Chinese
3654:English
3649:British
3644:Belgian
3619:Vietnam
3609:Tay son
3555:Tsarist
3550:Russian
3545:Ottoman
3511:Dzungar
3506:Khoshut
3479:Mexican
3474:Maratha
3457:Pahlavi
3437:Safavid
3432:Iranian
3359:Haitian
3322:Chinese
3282:Ashanti
3254:Wagadou
3180:Eastern
3175:Western
3158:Timurid
3118:Tibetan
3108:Songhai
3098:Serbian
3019:Almohad
3009:Idrisid
2913:Samanid
2903:Tahirid
2898:Iranian
2876:Kannauj
2856:Genoese
2792:Chinese
2785:Eastern
2780:Western
2768:Fatimid
2763:Abbasid
2758:Umayyad
2731:Burmese
2691:Ayyubid
2686:Angevin
2656:Xianbei
2644:Eastern
2639:Western
2585:Magadha
2548:Iranian
2541:Xiongnu
2526:Hittite
2435:Chinese
2423:Kassite
2372:Ancient
2364:Empires
2260:Cuisine
2237:Culture
2158:Society
2139:Tourism
2079:Economy
1968:Cabinet
1909:Khatumo
1793:Regions
1705:Climate
1503:History
1491:Somalia
1454:Somalia
1416:Portals
953:Sultan
585:Sultans
392:Somalia
381:History
304:Maakhir
300:Somalia
284:
260:Somalia
143:History
93:Capital
4388:Events
4349:Sigamo
4344:Sidamo
4324:Buzamo
4283:Enarya
4244:Wegera
4239:Semien
4229:Gojjam
4185:Efrata
4171:Semada
4166:Salowa
4156:Tigray
4081:Amhara
4050:Werjih
4030:Qita'a
4025:Nagash
4000:Hadiya
3995:Gurage
3990:Gidaya
3980:Gabaal
3975:Dawaro
3965:Belgin
3950:Dobe'a
3945:Dahlak
3885:Ajuran
3866:States
3701:Mongol
3686:German
3681:French
3671:Danish
3614:Dainam
3589:Tongan
3577:Somali
3572:Sokoto
3538:'Alawi
3516:Kalmyk
3496:Mongol
3489:Second
3469:Korean
3420:Mughal
3410:Indian
3393:German
3386:Second
3376:French
3369:Second
3305:Second
3277:Afghan
3269:Modern
3195:Kyrgyz
3190:Uighur
3185:Second
3165:Turkic
3133:Toltec
3069:Epirus
3054:Nicaea
2977:Mongol
2930:Yamato
2866:Huetar
2724:Second
2661:Rouran
2610:Shunga
2605:Maurya
2580:Kushan
2553:Median
2531:Hunnic
2489:Harsha
2322:Portal
2285:Sports
2255:Cinema
2200:Health
2170:Anthem
1896:States
1841:Sanaag
1806:Bakool
1776:Island
1769:Bahaya
1700:Cities
1661:Postal
1614:Piracy
1493:
1442:Africa
1363:2 June
1246:
1221:
1194:
1153:
1111:
1082:Source
566:Sultan
427:Bosaso
404:Sanaag
296:Somali
288:Arabic
273:Somali
146:
138:
134:Sultan
107:Somali
67:Arabic
63:
53:Somali
49:
4298:Sheka
4293:Kaffa
4278:Dawro
4270:Damot
4249:Qwara
4224:Gafat
4195:Shire
4189:Geshe
4181:Shewa
4176:Serae
4141:Lasta
4101:Bugna
4086:Angot
4071:Agame
4010:Jarin
4005:Harar
3960:Bazin
3910:Tunni
3751:Lists
3706:Omani
3676:Dutch
3582:Isaaq
3533:Saadi
3501:Oirat
3484:First
3452:Qajar
3381:First
3364:First
3337:China
3310:Third
3170:First
3123:Tikal
3074:Morea
3044:Roman
2962:Latin
2957:Khmer
2952:Kanem
2918:Buyid
2844:Zagwe
2839:Aksum
2829:Chola
2736:First
2719:First
2706:Bornu
2701:Benin
2696:Aztec
2634:Roman
2615:Gupta
2600:Nanda
2536:White
2275:Music
2270:Media
2227:Women
1866:Nugal
1861:Mudug
1846:Hiran
1801:Awdal
1725:Hafun
1382:(PDF)
1317:(PDF)
773:Yemen
529:ART.
423:Maydh
400:Darod
117:Islam
4329:Garo
4091:Bahr
4020:Mora
4015:Maya
3985:Ganz
3970:Dara
3935:Bale
3900:Ifat
3880:Adal
3521:Bogd
3447:Zand
3425:Sikh
3332:Qing
3327:Ming
3259:Wari
3227:Tran
3212:Dinh
2982:Yuan
2972:Mali
2881:Pala
2871:Inca
2822:Yuan
2812:Song
2807:Liao
2802:Tang
2575:Kush
2457:Dʿmt
2212:Flag
2059:List
2047:List
2014:Xeer
2010:Law
1836:Sool
1831:Gedo
1816:Bari
1390:2014
1365:2022
1329:2018
1244:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1109:ISBN
408:Bari
282:lit.
267:The
179:Area
170:1887
4200:Wag
3599:Mac
3036:Oyo
2945:Edo
2817:Jīn
2797:Sui
2450:Jin
2445:Han
2440:Qin
2250:Art
2111:EEZ
1821:Bay
984:28
971:27
950:26
936:25
923:24
910:23
897:22
884:21
871:20
858:19
845:18
832:17
819:16
806:15
792:14
762:13
748:12
734:11
721:10
417:or
314:of
4473::
4187:,
3232:Ho
3222:Ly
1319:.
1290:.
1266:.
1180:;
1176:;
1165:^
787:.
708:9
695:8
682:7
669:6
656:5
643:4
630:3
617:2
603:1
425:,
290::
279:,
275::
4191:)
4183:(
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2375:(
2356:e
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2342:v
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2012:(
1483:e
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1469:v
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