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on a moving carriage which slides back and forth in large tracks fabricated into the body sides, and the "swing link" system (such as the
Dempster Routechief) where the blade literally swings on a "pendulum"-style mechanism consisting of links which control the arc of the blade's movement. The Geesink GPM series uses a pivoting packer blade which swings on an inverted U-shaped frame which lowers the blade into the hopper, where it sweeps the waste out; the frame then retracts back into the body to perform the compaction action. The
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241:, the first front loader, was introduced. They did not become common until the 1970s. The 1970s also saw the introduction of smaller dumpsters, often known as wheelie bins, which were also emptied mechanically. Since that time there has been little dramatic change, although there have been various improvements to the compaction mechanisms to improve payload. In the mid-1970s Petersen Industries introduced the first grapple truck for
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310:. The waste container is then lifted over the truck. Once it gets to the top the container is then flipped upside down and the waste or recyclable material is emptied into the vehicle's hopper. Once the waste is dumped, it is compacted by a hydraulically powered moving wall that oscillates backwards and forwards to push the waste to the rear of the vehicle.
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material already loaded. On some ASLs there is also a "folding" crusher plate positioned above the opening in the hopper, that folds down to crush bulky items within reach of the metal pusher plate. Another compactor design is the "paddle packer" which uses a paddle that rotates from side to side, forcing refuse into the body of the truck.
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Split body trucks are garbage trucks that have two collection compartments, one on the left side of the truck and the other on the right side of the truck. This is used to separate the materials that are not supposed to mix together. An example is to use one side to collect garbage and the other side
485:
Manual/Automated side loaders (M/ASLs), are traditional MSLs equipped with an arm for automated collection, as well as continuously running packers. This allows for functionally identical to that of an ASL, while allowing for manual dumping of waste into hopper in instances where automated collection
836:
The use of bin tippers and other lifting aids has been stimulated in recent years by research linking heavy manual lifting with musculoskeletal disorders; some government organisations, schools and companies now prohibit emptying bins by hand. Health and safety concerns have also driven the adoption
747:
enable the collection of bulk waste. A large percentage of items in the solid waste stream are too large or too heavy to be safely lifted by hand into traditional garbage trucks. These items (furniture, large appliances, branches, logs) are called bulky waste or "oversized." The preferred method for
494:
Semi-automated side loaders are MSLs that are equipped with an automated mechanism to lift and dump manually aligned waste containers into the hopper. The primary difference between semi-automated side loaders and ASLs is that while they still only need one person to operate, he or she must exit the
382:
to the waste to break down bulky items in the hopper before being drawn into the main body of the truck. Compactor designs have been many and varied, however the two most popular in use today are the "sweep and slide" system (first pioneered on the Leach 2R Packmaster), where the packer blade pivots
695:
Split body trucks can be in either rear loading or side loading types. In rear loaders, the two compartments are easily visible. In automatic side loaders, the gate-like separator at the top of the truck is used to control whether the materials will be dropped into the left or the right compartment
468:
Lift-equipped trucks are referred to as automated side loaders (ASLs). Similar to a front-end loader, the waste is compacted by an oscillating packer plate at the front of the loading hopper which forces the waste through an aperture into the main body and is therefore compacted towards the rear of
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As with front loaders, the compaction mechanism comprises a metal pusher plate (often called an 'inverted drawer' due to its appearance) in the collection hopper which oscillates backwards and forwards under hydraulic pressure, pushing the refuse through an aperture, thus compacting it against the
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An automated side loader only needs one operator, whereas a traditional rear load garbage truck may require two or three people, and has the additional advantage of reducing on the job injuries due to repetitive heavy lifting. Due to these advantages, ASLs have become more popular than traditional
409:
to draw in waste and mutilate it inside the body. A mixture of safety concerns, and higher fuel consumption has seen a decline in the popularity of continuously compacting garbage trucks, with only the
Rotopress design remaining in production due to its niche in being able to effectively deal with
451:
Manual side loaders (MSLs) feature a hopper in front of the body, similar to front loaders. Unlike front loaders, the actual hopper is very short, and sometimes is lower than the body, in order for the operator to dump the waste into the hopper. This also results in longer times for packing loads
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are characterized by a rectangular footprint, utilizing wheels to facilitate rolling the dumpster in place. The container is designed to be transported by special roll-off trucks. They are relatively efficient for bulk loads of waste or extremely heavy loads of construction or demolition debris.
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trucks have a crane with a tube and a mouthpiece that fits in a hole, usually hidden under a plate under the street. From here it will suck up waste from an underground installation. The system usually allows the driver to "pick up" the waste, even if the access is blocked by cars, snow or other
313:
Most of the newer packing trucks have "pack-on-the-go hydraulics" which lets the driver pack loads while driving, allowing faster route times. When the body is full, the compaction wall moves all the way to the rear of the body, ejecting it via an open tailgate. There is also a system called the
187:
needed to lift the waste to shoulder height. The first technique developed in the late 1920s to solve this problem was to build round compartments with corkscrews that would lift the load and bring it away from the rear. A more efficient model was the development of the hopper in 1929. It used a
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compared to rear loaders, although this can be offset by the time bringing waste to the truck. On some (but not all) vehicle models the hopper can be accessed from both sides, allowing two persons to collect waste from both sides of the street simultaneously and increasing vehicle efficiency.
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popularized the front-end loader variant, with bins being tipped over the cab of the truck. Both types of integrated bin tipper are now common on municipal refuse collection trucks. Standalone bin tippers developed later, with the release of a machine called the Simpro Ezi-Dump in 1990.
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lifts and inverts bins for the purpose of emptying them. They are often components of larger machines such as garbage trucks, or can be 'standalone' or mobile units. Bin tippers usually have a steel frame, guarding and cradle, with a motor or crank-handle driving a lifting
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front loader with a Tink Claw) for yard waste collection (and in some cities, garbage and recycling). The front loader picks up yard waste set in the street, and then loaded into the back of a rear loader. This system is used in several cities, including
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powered mechanism that employs a moving plate or shovel to scoop the waste out from the loading hopper and compress it against a moving wall. In most compactor designs, the plate has a pointed edge (hence giving it the industry standard name
365:
Another popular system for the rear loader is a rear load container specially built to fit a groove in the truck. The truck will have a chain or cable system for upending the container. The waste will then slide into the hopper of the truck.
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but the loading process is the same for both compartments. This can create some confusion for people because they may not notice the automatic gate and assume that the truck mixes garbage and recyclables during the collection process.
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is not feasible, such as the collection of oversized items. In addition, M/ASLs provide a cheaper upgrade path for those who wish to keep preexisting MSLs for automated collection without paying for newer and more expensive ASLs.
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The 1920s saw the first open-topped trucks being used, but due to foul odors and waste falling from the back, covered vehicles soon became more common. These covered trucks were first introduced in more densely populated
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Side loaders are loaded from the side, either manually, or with the assistance of a joystick-controlled robotic arm with a claw, used to automatically lift and tip wheeled bins into the truck's hopper.
267:. This system includes an elevated, rear-facing cab for both driving the truck and operating the loader. This configuration allows the operator to follow behind haul trucks and load continuously.
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Colectomatic is a hybrid between the two philosophies- it used a combination of a lifting loading hopper and a pivoting sweeper blade to clear and compact waste in anticipation of the next load.
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to collect recyclables. Waste management companies may use split body trucks to collect both garbage and recycling in a single trip without dispatching two trucks on the same route.
210:
revolutionized the industry when including a compactor in the truck was implemented. The first compactor could double a truck's capacity. This was made possible by use of a
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Curotto Can which is an attachment for a front loader that has an automated arm that functions as an automated side loader that allows the driver to dump carts.
256:
introduced the world's first automated side loader. The new truck could collect 300 gallon containers in 30 second cycles, without the driver exiting the cab.
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materials. In this case, one side is used for commingled recyclable materials such as glass, plastic and metals, and the other side is for paper products.
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into. Often in many areas they have a lifting mechanism to automatically empty large carts without the operator having to lift the waste by hand.
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Wagons and other means had been used for centuries to haul away solid waste. Among the first self-propelled garbage trucks were those ordered by
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in the US. The truck is equipped with powered forks on the front which the driver carefully aligns with sleeves on the waste container using a
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817:. Bins are placed into the machine, then lifted and inverted over the destination receptacle, allowing the contents to be emptied by
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manual collection. Typically an automated side loader uses standardized wheeled carts compatible with the truck's automated lift.
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1258:"OSH in figures: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the EU - Facts and figures | Safety and health at work EU-OSHA"
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design (later
Rotopress) used a huge rotating drum fitted with spiral shaped paddles to draw waste in, and force it around an
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in 1897 described as a steam motor tip-car, a new design of body specific for "the collection of dust and house refuse".
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of decreasing pitch to compress it. SEMAT-Rey of France pioneered the rotating rake system (also used in the
British
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1294:"Health status and health-related quality of life of municipal waste collection workers - a cross-sectional survey"
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system in which wheeled waste containers were mechanically tipped into the truck. His containers were known as
405:) to simultaneously shred and compress the waste as it is loaded. Other systems used a continuously rotating
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464:
A WhiteGMC WXLL/Heil Python automated side loader. Note the collection of two containers, as opposed to one.
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collecting these items is with a grapple truck. Grapple trucks have hydraulic knucklebooms, tipped with a
705:
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cab to manually bring and align containers to the loading hopper on the side of the truck and dump them.
89:
884:
City of
Scottsdale, Arizona, Solid Waste Management Division - Classic Refuse Trucks, November 6, 2005.
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generally service commercial and industrial businesses using large waste containers with lids known as
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874:"Motor-Cars for Dust Collection", The Automotor and Horseless Carriage Journal, February 1897, p192
1182:"Ask the PAC: Why is the same Recology truck picking up curbside trash and recycling in Petaluma?"
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A unique rear-loading system involves a rear loader and a front-loading tractor (usually a
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1025:"How garbage truck is made - material, used, parts, components, steps, industry, machine"
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of bin tippers in the manufacturing, food-processing and construction industries.
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So-called "continuous" compactors were popular in the 1960s and 1970s. The German
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37:"Trash truck" redirects here. For the Netflix streaming television series, see
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A side-load bin tipper was fitted to a garbage truck as early as 1929, by the
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is commonly used. Other common names for this type of truck include
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1233:"Bin Tippers From Solus Group On Display At WasteExpo Trade Show"
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Garbage collection by an automatic side loader during autumn in
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Velasco
Garrido, M; Bittner, C; Harth, V; Preisser, AM (2015).
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1400:"Dumpmaster used to reduce manual handling Best Practice Hub"
1156:"Cheaper Than Landfills: How Well Gulfport Recycles – Really"
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144:(RCV). These trucks are a common sight in most urban areas.
897:"The Ever Expanding History of the Front Load Refuse Truck"
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have an opening into a trough or hopper at the rear that a
92:
or transfer station. In
Australia they are commonly called
369:
The modern rear loader usually compacts the waste using a
1073:"Solid waste collection automation in the United States"
214:
which periodically compacted the contents of the truck.
203:, which led to the word dumpster entering the language.
1130:"Good Question: Are they mixing trash and recyclables?"
688:
Another case of using split body trucks is to collect
156:
Thornycroft Steam Dust-Cart of 1897 with tipper body
188:cable system that could pull waste into the truck.
714:Volvo pneumatic collector used for "waste suction"
1344:"Health and Safety Fact Sheet - Waste Management"
321:14.5 m rear load container serviced in Copenhagen
27:Truck designed to transport municipal solid waste
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680:Split body rear loading waste collection truck
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358:can throw waste bags or empty the contents of
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1009:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
965:"Heil Formula 5000 Rear Loader using lifter"
166:Thornycroft Steam Wagon and Carriage Company
1436:- historical information and many pictures
623:automated side loader collecting trash in
512:An automated side loader garbage truck in
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943:"Heil Expands Operate-At-Idle Offering"
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639:Garbage truck KAMAZ on the streets of
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338:Garbagemen loading garbage by hand in
1213:. TruckWorld.com.au. 11 February 2015
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918:"Classic Refuse Trucks FRONT LOADERS"
828:company in America. In the 1950s the
575:Garbage truck in a medium-sized city
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990:"Local Dumpster Rental Melbourne FL"
671:
1380:. Brisbane Catholic Education. 2005
1154:Thayer, Warren (17 November 2022).
1128:Somers, Brennan (8 February 2021).
447:A LĹŤdal Evo T-28 manual side loader
378:) which is designed to apply point
24:
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183:The main difficulty was that the
1207:"Waste Truck Collection Systems"
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531:Automated garbage collection in
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52:520 garbage truck in Los Angeles
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1272:"Rubbish Clearance Peckham Rye"
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1180:Silvy, Tyler (24 August 2021).
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1077:Waste Management & Research
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895:Geroux, Zachary; Voytko, Eric.
788:A rear loader with a bin tipper
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283:front-loading garbage truck in
233:RS-3 Lightning Rear Steer truck
1051:"Automated Garbage Collection"
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82:solid waste treatment facility
76:specially designed to collect
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1049:Sean, Murphy (3 April 2014).
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481:Manual/Automated side loaders
1427:History of refuse collection
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7:
922:www.classicrefusetrucks.com
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706:Automated vacuum collection
658:intricately decorated with
490:Semi-automated side loaders
265:Lightning Rear Steer System
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667:Specialized garbage trucks
164:District Council from the
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112:in the United States, and
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1450:Waste collection vehicles
1311:10.1186/s12995-015-0065-6
142:refuse collection vehicle
1098:10.1177/0734242X14558164
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138:waste collection vehicle
30:Not to be confused with
18:Waste collection vehicle
1071:Marc J. Rogoff (2014).
225:M (photo taken in 1983)
39:Trash Truck (TV series)
1404:ccsbestpractice.org.uk
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248:In 1969, the city of
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221:Soviet garbage truck
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78:municipal solid waste
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1211:Truckworld Australia
719:Pneumatic collection
700:Pneumatic collection
285:San Jose, California
1298:J Occup Med Toxicol
1089:2014WMR....32.1031R
988:Jordan, Dorris, M.
830:Dempster Dumpmaster
762:Roll-off (dumpster)
654:A garbage truck in
577:TomaszĂłw Mazowiecki
439:Manual side loaders
400:Shelvoke and Drewry
239:Dempster Dumpmaster
208:Garwood Load Packer
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1237:solusgrp.com
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237:In 1955 the
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995:18 December
537:Netherlands
469:the truck.
419:Caterpillar
279:A standard
261:Lee Rathbun
132:elsewhere.
110:trash truck
1444:Categories
1360:2017-10-04
1160:The Gabber
863:References
847:Dump truck
794:bin tipper
780:Bin tipper
774:Bin tipper
722:barriers.
704:See also:
412:composting
250:Scottsdale
122:junk truck
32:Dump truck
1384:11 August
1217:18 August
1005:cite news
811:hydraulic
807:mechanism
767:Roll-offs
756:Roll-offs
533:Aardenbrg
518:Australia
300:Dumpsters
259:In 1997,
201:Dumpsters
191:In 1937,
126:bin wagon
106:bin lorry
50:Peterbilt
1430:Archived
1409:11 April
1330:26155300
1242:11 April
1115:29990805
1107:25378253
1034:11 April
975:Archived
927:11 April
841:See also
641:Ulan-Ude
619:An EDCO
607:, Canada
579:, Poland
514:Canberra
424:San Jose
380:pressure
304:joystick
162:Chiswick
136:include
118:dustcart
86:landfill
1321:4493964
1191:12 June
1165:12 June
1139:12 June
1085:Bibcode
970:YouTube
819:gravity
798:machine
656:Kolkata
601:Kelowna
561:Autocar
403:Revopak
254:Arizona
148:History
130:bin van
1455:Trucks
1328:
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800:which
627:, US.
342:, 2013
308:levers
223:GAZ-53
174:Europe
62:Scania
1378:(PDF)
1354:(PDF)
1347:(PDF)
1111:S2CID
796:is a
396:auger
392:Shark
340:Japan
271:Types
74:truck
72:is a
1411:2018
1386:2024
1326:PMID
1279:2023
1244:2018
1219:2022
1193:2023
1167:2023
1141:2023
1134:WHEC
1103:PMID
1058:2014
1036:2018
1011:link
997:2021
951:2014
929:2018
904:2014
826:Heil
621:Heil
385:Heil
360:bins
140:and
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1306:doi
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