140:
1482:
1469:, watchkeepers typically keep watch for six periods of four consecutive hours. This system has a couple of advantages: it is easy to remember and it is consistent. For example, a member of watch team 1 will only have to remember that he is on the "4–8" watch, and knows that he goes on watch at 4 a.m. and 4 p.m. This scheme also allows inexperienced watchkeepers to keep watch from 8–12 a.m. and 8–12 p.m., when senior watchkeepers are likely to be awake and ready to assist in case of trouble.
1148:, the crew is typically divided into three sections, with each section keeping 8 hours of watch followed by 16 hours off-watch. This schedule has been a fairly recent change to submariner work and rest routines. For nearly 45 years before 2015, submariners were on 18-hour days with 6 hours of watch followed by 12 hours off watch. The 12 hours off-watch were further divided into the first 6 hours being used for maintenance, cleaning, and entertainment; while the second 6 hours were usually for sleeping.
1520:
43:
173:, are constantly active as they are considered essential to the safe operation of the vessel and also allow the ship to respond to emergencies and other situations quickly. These watches are divided into work periods to ensure that the roles are always occupied at all times, while those members of the crew who are assigned to work during a watch are known as
1473:
deck officers, the third officer will keep the 8 to 12, the second officer the 12 to 4, and the chief mate (equivalent to the executive officer in a navy ship) the 4 to 8 watch. The reason for this is to enable the chief mate to assign work to the deck gang before the ship's day begins, and to inspect it before going on watch at 1600 hours.
1353:. Although there is no standard for what constitutes a Swedish watch, the variations all feature some element of extended watches to accommodate longer time off. Like the traditional watch system, they begin at 0000 hours. Some popular variations have durations of 6, 6, 4, 4, 4 and 5, 5, 5, 5, 4.
1151:
Note that this arrangement resulted in one of the sections having two watches in one (24-hour) day, and there were no dog watches. Also, watch reliefs occurred no later than the bottom of the hour (2330, 0530, 1130, 1730). Typically, the first 30 minutes of the hour were used for the oncoming section
845:
The same arrangement of watch times can also be used with a crew divided into three sections. This gives each sailor more time off-duty, sometimes allowing sleeping periods of over seven hours. Names for the three watches—instead of Port and
Starboard—vary from ship to ship. Naming schemes such as
1040:
The "six-hour shift" splits the day into four six-hour watches, permitting a three-section crew to maximize rest time in a three-day working cycle. Also, this watch system takes into better account the meal times (of a four-meals-a-day system), so that the ingoing team will be fed first, then keep
512:
A watch system, watch schedule, or watch bill is a method of assigning regular periods of watchkeeping duty aboard ships and some other areas of employment. A watch system allows the ship's crew to operate the ship 24 hours a day while also allowing individual personnel adequate time for rest
1472:
By custom, in a ship with five deck officers the junior third mate takes the 8 to 12 watch, the senior third mate the 12 to 4 watch, and the second mate the 4 to 8 watch. This enables the second officer, who is the ship's navigator, to take morning and evening star sights. In ships with only four
1236:
Some warships now use the one-in-two system, also known as 7s and 5s, for the duration of the watches. This watch system is also sometimes referred to as Port and
Starboard watches. This gives the sailors a longer sleeping period than the traditional two-watch system, while still maintaining the
1507:
bells, the strikes of a ship's bell do not accord to the number of the hour. Instead, there are eight bells, one for each half-hour of a four-hour watch. Bells would be struck every half-hour, and in a pattern of pairs for easier counting, with any odd bells at the end of the sequence.
524:, whereby one watch is split into two shorter watches so that there is an odd number each day. Doing so allows crew members to have a different watch schedule each day. Often, the dog watches are set at dinner time to allow the entire crew to be fed in short order.
516:
Watch durations vary between vessels due to some reasons and restrictions; some watch systems aim to ensure that each team takes turns to work late at night, while other systems ensure the same team consistently works at the same hours every day.
1237:
ability for the ship to function. Meals are generally scheduled around the watch turnovers at 0700, 1200, and 1700; sometimes a light midnight meal known as mid-rats (midnight rations) is provided for the 0000 turnover.
683:
navies. It consisted of 5 four-hour periods and 2 two-hour periods. Those members of the crew whose work must be done at all times of the day were assigned to one of two divisions: the
364:
329:
378:
450:
429:
694:
The Royal Navy traditional submarine three watch system is 2 on 4 off during the day (8 a.m. to 8 p.m.) and 3 on 6 off during the night (8 p.m. to 8 a.m.).
1914:
1960:
212:
A wide variety of types of watches have developed due to the different needs aboard merchant and naval vessels. This table gives some examples:
956:
The so-called "five-and-dime" arrangement splits the day into five-hour watches, with the exception of a four-hour watch from 22:00 to 02:00.
180:
On a typical seafaring vessel, be it naval or merchant, personnel "keep a watch" in various locations and duties across the ship, such as the
491:
1543:
1637:
1816:
1915:
International
Maritime Economic History Association; Memorial University of Newfoundland. Maritime Studies Research Unit (2007).
1880:
1852:
1795:
1689:
1989:
107:
79:
1776:
2168:
126:
86:
64:
93:
2153:
1556:
60:
17:
1676:
1935:
2148:
2062:
75:
2042:
2097:
455:
342:
139:
2143:
2138:
1982:
675:
The traditional watch system arose from sailing ships of the late 19th century and was used by the
2173:
2158:
1481:
680:
53:
2163:
1954:
1872:
Chessie racing: the story of
Maryland's entry in the 1997-1998 Whitbread Round the World Race
1870:
1842:
1041:
watch, while the outgoing team will be relieved of watch, and then proceed to the mess deck.
1646:
1821:
1675:
Yardley, Roland J.; Kallimani, James G.; Smallman, Laurence; Grammich, Clifford A. (2009).
1152:
to eat while the second 30 minutes of the hour were used for the off-going section to eat.
691:
division. These can be further divided into two parts, e.g., First Port, Second
Starboard.
302:
238:
144:
1349:
Various alternative watch schedules have been devised, which are typically referred to as
100:
8:
1975:
243:
31:
2047:
1765:
1876:
1848:
1791:
1772:
1685:
1500:
181:
1503:
strikes to mark the time and help sailors know when to change watches. Unlike civil
2072:
2032:
1525:
1916:
1897:
1823:
1533:
688:
254:
1967:
2067:
2057:
2052:
2027:
2022:
1811:
1496:
1490:
201:
2132:
2077:
1466:
1142:
267:
1538:
1519:
193:
185:
2117:
2012:
2004:
1568:
676:
204:
ensures that running machinery continues to operate within tolerances.
197:
1844:
Sailing tall: around the world on the square-rigged Passat (1946–1948)
1822:
Marine
Technology Society; Oceanic Engineering Society (U.S.) (1984).
1145:
684:
521:
273:
169:
to operate it continuously. These assignments, also known at sea as
42:
2087:
2082:
851:
847:
307:
279:
1499:
is used in concert with a watch system to indicate the time using
2107:
2037:
312:
290:
189:
1868:
1674:
2112:
1790:(15th ed.). Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute.
1771:(25th ed.). Annapolis, MD: United States Naval Institute.
855:
348:
162:
1936:"Ethical Standing for Commander Self-Care: The Need for Sleep"
1788:
Watch
Officer's Guide: A Handbook for All Deck Watch Officers
1785:
1762:
1504:
2102:
2092:
166:
1044:
697:
1515:
1828:. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1764:
1997:
1869:George J. Collins; Kathy Alexander (April 2001).
2130:
858:"; and "Tomato", "White" and "Blue" are common.
520:Many watch systems incorporate the concept of a
1983:
1959:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1934:Shay, Johnathan, M.D., Ph.D. (Summer 1998).
200:of the ship; whereas in the engine room, an
1639:Basic Military Requirements, NAVEDTRA 14325
1990:
1976:
1645:. United States Navy. 2002. Archived from
1155:
1918:International journal of maritime history
1812:Research study on the 1-in-2 Watch System
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1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1840:
1786:James Stavridis; Robert Girrier (2007).
1480:
188:. Typical bridge watchkeepers include a
138:
1763:United States Naval Institute (2017) .
1485:Ringing the bell on the aft flight deck
1050:Former 18-hr 3-section submarine watch
1045:US submarine system with three sections
867:1× 4-hour and 4× 5-hour watch sections
14:
2131:
1736:
1722:
1698:
1581:
1444:
1441:
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1402:
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1328:
1325:
1322:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1201:
1198:
1195:
698:Traditional system with three sections
665:
651:
645:
631:
617:
611:
597:
583:
577:
563:
354:Electrical and auxiliary systems watch
1971:
1847:. Sheridan House, Inc. pp. 26–.
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1933:
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1111:
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1016:
1005:
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801:
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764:
750:
736:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
1817:Description of Swedish Watch System
207:
30:For the Lithuanian short film, see
24:
1805:
25:
2185:
1663:
1605:
1356:
1240:
959:
1921:. Maritime Studies Research Unit
1518:
861:
507:
365:Engineering officer of the watch
330:Engineering officer of the watch
196:who is responsible for the safe
41:
1362:Standard merchant watch system
52:needs additional citations for
1476:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1272:
1269:
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1215:
1212:
1209:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1128:
1114:
1100:
1077:
946:
929:
921:
904:
887:
832:
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804:
781:
767:
753:
730:
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560:
27:Assignment of sailors to tasks
13:
1:
1998:Seamanship (seafaring) topics
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893:
835:
821:
798:
784:
770:
747:
733:
1030:
1019:
999:
988:
417:Communications watch officer
389:Sounding and security patrol
143:A sailor keeps watch aboard
7:
2063:Ship-to-ship cargo transfer
1902:. CBS Magazines. April 1967
1875:. JHU Press. pp. 53–.
1841:Max Wood (31 August 2004).
1678:DDG-51 Engineering Training
1511:
251:Junior officer of the watch
10:
2190:
1756:
1488:
1246:A 3-section Swedish watch
379:Petty officer of the watch
248:Junior officer of the deck
29:
2098:Man overboard rescue turn
2003:
703:A 3-section dogged watch
533:A 2-section dogged watch
456:Combat information center
2169:Time measurement systems
965:Six-hour watch sections
1767:The Bluejackets' Manual
1156:One-in-two watch system
481:Department duty officer
451:Tactical action officer
392:Barracks security watch
165:to specific roles on a
1486:
430:Messenger of the watch
295:Low-visibility lookout
151:
1484:
426:Signal bridge watches
161:is the assignment of
142:
2154:Nautical terminology
1684:. RAND Corporation.
478:In-port boat officer
303:Officer of the watch
287:After steering watch
239:Command duty officer
61:improve this article
1363:
1247:
1162:
1161:A one-in-two watch
1051:
966:
868:
704:
534:
244:Officer of the deck
216:
32:Watchkeeping (film)
2149:Marine occupations
2048:Naval architecture
1487:
1361:
1245:
1160:
1049:
964:
866:
702:
532:
528:Traditional system
513:and other duties.
215:
152:
2126:
2125:
1882:978-0-8018-6413-1
1854:978-1-57409-189-2
1825:Conference record
1797:978-1-59114-936-1
1691:978-0-8330-4729-8
1463:
1462:
1347:
1346:
1234:
1233:
1139:
1138:
1038:
1037:
954:
953:
843:
842:
673:
672:
657:Second dog watch
502:
501:
461:Other CIC watches
405:Anti-piracy watch
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2181:
2073:Passage planning
2033:Maritime studies
1992:
1985:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1964:
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1928:
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1909:
1907:
1893:
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1734:
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1600:
1528:
1526:Transport portal
1523:
1522:
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1244:
1163:
1159:
1106:Afternoon watch
1052:
1048:
967:
963:
869:
865:
810:First dog watch
793:Afternoon watch
705:
701:
640:First dog watch
623:Afternoon watch
535:
531:
357:Propulsion watch
274:Boatswain's mate
217:
214:
208:Types of watches
147:George H.W. Bush
132:
125:
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118:
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69:
45:
37:
21:
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2144:Maritime safety
2139:Water transport
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2122:
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1996:
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1922:
1905:
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1831:
1829:
1808:
1806:Further reading
1798:
1779:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1749:USNI, 1996:357.
1748:
1737:
1733:USNI, 1996:363.
1732:
1723:
1719:USNI, 1996:359.
1718:
1699:
1692:
1681:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1606:
1602:USNI, 1996:361.
1601:
1582:
1577:
1534:Canonical hours
1524:
1517:
1514:
1493:
1479:
1359:
1351:Swedish watches
1243:
1158:
1047:
962:
864:
827:Last dog watch
776:Forenoon watch
700:
679:and many other
606:Forenoon watch
530:
510:
504:
412:Communications
334:
259:
255:Conning officer
210:
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68:
58:
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35:
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23:
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2174:Parts of a day
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2068:Propeller walk
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2053:Ship stability
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2043:Nautical terms
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2025:
2023:Ice navigation
2020:
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1778:978-1612519746
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1241:Swedish system
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1127:
1124:
1123:Evening watch
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:Morning watch
1086:
1085:
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1079:
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1065:
1062:
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960:Six-hour shift
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759:Morning watch
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386:Security watch
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343:Damage control
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202:engine officer
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76:"Watchkeeping"
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3:
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2058:Hydrodynamics
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508:Watch systems
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230:Navigational
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159:watchstanding
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117:December 2012
109:
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78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Watchstanding
2164:Working time
2078:Maritime law
2018:Watchkeeping
2017:
1955:cite journal
1944:. Retrieved
1939:
1923:. Retrieved
1917:
1904:. Retrieved
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1871:
1858:. Retrieved
1843:
1830:. Retrieved
1824:
1787:
1766:
1677:
1654:. Retrieved
1647:the original
1638:
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1539:Duty officer
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725:First watch
693:
681:Commonwealth
674:
555:First watch
519:
515:
511:
503:
496:Anchor watch
475:Anchor watch
336:
335:
324:
321:Engineering
284:Lee helmsman
276:of the watch
270:of the watch
261:
260:
233:
211:
194:deck officer
179:
175:watchkeepers
174:
170:
158:
155:Watchkeeping
154:
153:
146:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2083:Dry-docking
1550:ACX Crystal
1497:ship's bell
1491:Ship's bell
1477:Ship's bell
1034:Team White
1014:Team White
1003:Team White
992:Team White
492:Cargo watch
438:Radio watch
420:Radio watch
186:engine room
2133:Categories
2118:Sea anchor
2013:Navigation
2005:Seamanship
1946:2011-10-02
1940:Parameters
1656:2019-01-18
1575:References
1569:Work shift
1546:Fitzgerald
1450:0000–0400
1436:2000–0000
1422:1600–2000
1408:1200–1600
1394:0800–1200
1380:0400–0800
1334:1800–2400
1320:1400–1800
1306:1200–1400
1292:1000–1200
1278:0600–1000
1264:0000–0600
1221:1700–0000
1207:1200–1700
1193:0700–1200
1179:0000–0700
1146:submarines
1126:1730–2330
1109:1130–1730
1092:0530–1130
1075:2330–0530
1072:Mid watch
1031:Team Gold
1028:Team Blue
1025:1900–0100
1020:Team Gold
1017:Team Blue
1011:1300–1900
1006:Team Blue
1000:Team Gold
997:0700–1300
989:Team Gold
986:Team Blue
983:0100–0700
941:1700–2200
927:1200–1700
913:0700–1200
899:0200–0700
885:2200–0200
830:1800–2000
813:1600–1800
796:1200–1600
779:0800–1200
762:0400–0800
745:0000–0400
728:2000–0000
677:Royal Navy
660:1800–2000
643:1600–1800
626:1200–1600
609:0800–1200
592:0400–0800
575:0000–0400
558:2000–0000
484:Fire watch
198:navigation
87:newspapers
2113:Anchoring
1925:2 October
1906:2 October
1888:2 October
1860:2 October
1832:2 October
1564:collision
1558:Melbourne
1552:collision
685:starboard
522:dog watch
373:Security
225:Merchant
145:USS
2088:Ropework
2028:Pilotage
1942:: 93–105
1899:Yachting
1512:See also
852:Mainmast
848:Foremast
337:Enlisted
325:Officers
308:Helmsman
280:Helmsman
262:Enlisted
234:Officers
2108:Mooring
2103:Buoyage
2038:Sailing
1757:Sources
1548:and MV
1459:Team 3
1456:Team 3
1453:Team 3
1445:Team 2
1442:Team 2
1439:Team 2
1431:Team 1
1428:Team 1
1425:Team 1
1417:Team 3
1414:Team 3
1411:Team 3
1403:Team 2
1400:Team 2
1397:Team 2
1389:Team 1
1386:Team 1
1383:Team 1
1343:Team 3
1340:Team 3
1337:Team 3
1329:Team 2
1326:Team 2
1323:Team 2
1315:Team 3
1312:Team 3
1309:Team 3
1301:Team 1
1298:Team 1
1295:Team 1
1287:Team 2
1284:Team 2
1281:Team 2
1273:Team 1
1270:Team 1
1267:Team 1
1230:Team 2
1227:Team 2
1224:Team 2
1216:Team 1
1213:Team 1
1210:Team 1
1202:Team 2
1199:Team 2
1196:Team 2
1188:Team 1
1185:Team 1
1182:Team 1
1141:Aboard
1135:Team 3
1132:Team 2
1129:Team 1
1118:Team 2
1115:Team 1
1112:Team 3
1101:Team 1
1098:Team 3
1095:Team 2
1084:Team 3
1081:Team 2
1078:Team 1
950:Team 3
947:Team 1
944:Team 2
936:Team 2
933:Team 3
930:Team 1
922:Team 1
919:Team 2
916:Team 3
908:Team 3
905:Team 1
902:Team 2
894:Team 2
891:Team 3
888:Team 1
854:" and "
839:Team 3
836:Team 2
833:Team 1
822:Team 2
819:Team 1
816:Team 3
805:Team 1
802:Team 3
799:Team 2
788:Team 3
785:Team 2
782:Team 1
771:Team 2
768:Team 1
765:Team 3
754:Team 1
751:Team 3
748:Team 2
737:Team 3
734:Team 2
731:Team 1
687:or the
669:Team 1
666:Team 2
663:Team 1
652:Team 2
649:Team 1
646:Team 2
635:Team 1
632:Team 2
629:Team 1
618:Team 2
615:Team 1
612:Team 2
601:Team 1
598:Team 2
595:Team 1
584:Team 2
581:Team 1
578:Team 2
567:Team 1
564:Team 2
561:Team 1
470:Others
445:Combat
313:Lookout
291:Lookout
190:lookout
171:watches
163:sailors
101:scholar
1879:
1851:
1794:
1775:
1688:
1375:Day 3
1259:Day 3
1174:Day 3
1067:Day 3
1064:Day 2
1061:Day 1
978:Day 3
880:Day 3
856:Mizzen
720:Day 3
717:Day 2
714:Day 1
550:Day 3
547:Day 2
544:Day 1
395:Sentry
349:Boiler
222:Naval
192:and a
182:bridge
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2093:Knots
1682:(PDF)
1650:(PDF)
1643:(PDF)
1562:Evans
1505:clock
1372:Day 2
1369:Day 1
1256:Day 2
1253:Day 1
1171:Day 2
1168:Day 1
1058:Time
1055:Name
975:Day 2
972:Day 1
877:Day 2
874:Day 1
711:Time
708:Name
541:Time
538:Name
351:watch
345:watch
108:JSTOR
94:books
1961:link
1927:2011
1908:2011
1890:2011
1877:ISBN
1862:2011
1849:ISBN
1834:2011
1792:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1544:USS
1501:bell
850:", "
689:port
184:and
167:ship
80:news
1465:On
157:or
63:by
2135::
1957:}}
1953:{{
1938:.
1738:^
1724:^
1700:^
1665:^
1607:^
1583:^
1495:A
177:.
1991:e
1984:t
1977:v
1963:)
1949:.
1929:.
1910:.
1892:.
1864:.
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1781:.
1694:.
1659:.
1560:–
846:"
150:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
