129:
352:
189:
32:
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250:
297:
that is older than the current topography. The likely occurrence is that a river established its course when the landform was at a low elevation, or by a rift in a portion of the crust of the earth having a very low
321:
along the riverbed, exposing the underlying rock layers. As the uplift continued, the river, being large enough, would continue to erode the rising land, cutting through ridges as they formed.
587:
1874:
580:
818:
1186:
573:
96:
68:
1913:
1867:
236:
115:
218:
1812:
1343:
75:
1807:
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53:
1368:
309:
In a hypothetical example, a river would have established its channel without regard for the deeper layers of
468:
325:
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82:
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1787:
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49:
20:
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1782:
1499:
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1792:
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203:
42:
1734:
1592:
1143:
1028:
1572:
1419:
1381:
830:
769:
286:
163:
and that still carries water today. Such gaps that no longer carry water currents are called
1802:
1524:
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1108:
965:
915:
709:
378:
501:
8:
1908:
1698:
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1338:
960:
813:
734:
641:
443:
141:
128:
1840:
1724:
1637:
1602:
1454:
970:
875:
779:
671:
604:
550:
447:
412:
394:
388:
89:
1444:
1703:
1542:
1534:
1474:
1434:
1323:
1138:
900:
890:
676:
452:
434:
422:
1848:
1617:
1519:
1424:
1173:
1023:
1018:
995:
935:
764:
636:
476:
472:
336:
1622:
1582:
1577:
1181:
1068:
1063:
847:
784:
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617:
364:
314:
299:
266:
262:
1844:
1683:
1567:
1547:
1429:
1414:
1301:
1286:
1281:
1241:
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1133:
975:
955:
920:
852:
837:
744:
666:
626:
438:
340:
310:
274:
172:
160:
156:
152:
133:
565:
1887:
1764:
1759:
1744:
1729:
1678:
1673:
1439:
1404:
1358:
1318:
1313:
1073:
945:
905:
651:
631:
400:
329:
258:
1754:
1504:
1489:
1479:
1328:
1259:
1128:
1093:
1008:
950:
825:
724:
686:
661:
462:
428:
372:
356:
282:
1663:
1587:
1291:
1254:
1201:
925:
910:
885:
759:
480:
382:
339:
of two streams on opposite sides of a ridge, ultimately resulting in the
270:
137:
1769:
1449:
1333:
1273:
1231:
1103:
940:
808:
749:
739:
656:
406:
1739:
1688:
1658:
1627:
1557:
1469:
1226:
1113:
1098:
1038:
980:
880:
803:
793:
691:
560:
517:
416:
351:
188:
31:
1409:
1376:
1053:
895:
862:
368:
359:, foreground and background, separated by settlements in flat lands
303:
164:
409:
on the Danube River, forming the border between Serbia and
Romania
1832:
1719:
1668:
1196:
1191:
1153:
1058:
930:
867:
555:
318:
1514:
1386:
1211:
1206:
1158:
1148:
1118:
1043:
798:
729:
701:
600:
249:
1612:
1597:
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1216:
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1078:
1048:
1033:
842:
612:
596:
503:
Creation
Research Society Quarterly Vol. 47 No. 1 Summer 2010
294:
167:. Water gaps and wind gaps often offer a practical route for
1642:
1607:
1163:
1123:
1088:
168:
1562:
1003:
499:
415:- cuts through the world's tallest mountain range, the
355:Two water gaps opened by the same river in central
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
335:Alternatively, a water gap may be formed through
1885:
595:
1868:
581:
397:, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, United States
16:Geological feature formed through a mountain
217:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1875:
1861:
588:
574:
293:A water gap is usually an indication of a
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
350:
248:
155:that flowing water has carved through a
127:
1187:International scale of river difficulty
1886:
569:
1827:
302:and a thick layer of unconsolidated
215:adding citations to reliable sources
182:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
346:
13:
500:Creation Research Society (2010).
14:
1925:
269:, facing west from the summit of
1831:
187:
30:
1344:Flooded grasslands and savannas
175:to cross the mountain barrier.
41:needs additional citations for
510:
493:
253:View of water gaps cut by the
1:
486:
381:, Oregon and Washington, and
375:runs through the city itself.
326:Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
324:Water gaps are common in the
1847:. You can help Knowledge by
1510:Universal Soil Loss Equation
1460:Hydrological transport model
1354:Storm Water Management Model
343:of one stream by the other.
7:
539:
385:, Washington, United States
140:, seen from Main Street in
10:
1930:
1826:
1014:Antecedent drainage stream
546:Antecedent drainage stream
403:, Alice Springs, Australia
178:
21:Water gap (disambiguation)
18:
1778:
1750:River valley civilization
1712:
1651:
1633:Riparian-zone restoration
1533:
1395:
1367:
1268:
1240:
1172:
994:
861:
778:
700:
611:
391:, Maryland, United States
1914:Structural geology stubs
1813:Countries without rivers
1788:Rivers by discharge rate
1500:Runoff model (reservoir)
1465:Infiltration (hydrology)
1485:River Continuum Concept
1250:Agricultural wastewater
1808:River name etymologies
1735:Hydraulic civilization
1593:Floodplain restoration
1369:Point source pollution
1144:Sedimentary structures
360:
317:would cause increased
290:
144:
1420:Discharge (hydrology)
1382:Industrial wastewater
863:Sedimentary processes
522:National Park Service
354:
252:
131:
1525:Volumetric flow rate
1109:Riffle-pool sequence
518:"Delaware Water Gap"
379:Columbia River Gorge
313:. A later period of
211:improve this section
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1839:This article about
1699:Whitewater kayaking
1694:Whitewater canoeing
1495:Runoff curve number
1339:Flood pulse concept
444:Pongo de Manseriche
285:, with the town of
142:Wallula, Washington
1894:Structural geology
1841:structural geology
1725:Aquatic toxicology
1638:Stream restoration
1603:Infiltration basin
1455:Hydrological model
971:Sediment transport
794:Estavelle/Inversac
672:Subterranean river
551:Defile (geography)
459:Weltenburg Narrows
413:Kali Gandaki Gorge
395:Delaware Water Gap
389:Cumberland Narrows
361:
291:
145:
1899:Erosion landforms
1856:
1855:
1821:
1820:
1798:Whitewater rivers
1704:Whitewater slalom
1535:River engineering
1435:Groundwater model
1396:River measurement
1324:Flood forecasting
1139:Sedimentary basin
996:Fluvial landforms
901:Bed material load
677:River bifurcation
453:Potomac Water Gap
435:Pongo de Mainique
289:in the foreground
247:
246:
239:
126:
125:
118:
100:
1921:
1904:River morphology
1877:
1870:
1863:
1835:
1828:
1783:Rivers by length
1618:River morphology
1520:Wetted perimeter
1425:Drainage density
936:Headward erosion
765:Perennial stream
637:Blackwater river
590:
583:
576:
567:
566:
533:
532:
530:
528:
514:
508:
507:
497:
446:, Peru - on the
437:, Peru - on the
347:Notable examples
337:headward erosion
242:
235:
231:
228:
222:
191:
183:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1793:Drainage basins
1774:
1708:
1647:
1623:Retention basin
1583:Erosion control
1578:Detention basin
1529:
1445:Hjulström curve
1397:
1391:
1363:
1307:Non-water flood
1264:
1236:
1182:Helicoidal flow
1168:
1069:Fluvial terrace
1064:Floating island
990:
865:
857:
848:Rhythmic spring
782:
774:
755:Stream gradient
696:
682:River ecosystem
647:Channel pattern
615:
607:
594:
542:
537:
536:
526:
524:
516:
515:
511:
498:
494:
489:
455:, United States
365:Chicago Portage
349:
300:stream gradient
267:Tussey Mountain
263:Evitts Mountain
255:Raystown Branch
243:
232:
226:
223:
208:
192:
181:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1836:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1684:Stone skipping
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1568:Drop structure
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:Balancing lake
1545:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:Playfair's law
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1430:Exner equation
1427:
1422:
1417:
1415:Bradshaw model
1412:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1302:Urban flooding
1294:
1289:
1287:Crevasse splay
1284:
1282:100-year flood
1278:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1242:Surface runoff
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1222:Stream capture
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1134:Rock-cut basin
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
998:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
976:Suspended load
973:
968:
966:Secondary flow
963:
958:
956:Retrogradation
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
921:Dissolved load
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
872:
870:
859:
858:
856:
855:
853:Spring horizon
850:
845:
840:
838:Mineral spring
835:
834:
833:
823:
822:
821:
819:list in the US
816:
806:
801:
796:
790:
788:
776:
775:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
745:Stream channel
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
704:
698:
697:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
667:Drainage basin
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
627:Alluvial river
623:
621:
609:
608:
593:
592:
585:
578:
570:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
541:
538:
535:
534:
509:
491:
490:
488:
485:
484:
483:
466:
456:
450:
441:
439:Urubamba River
432:
426:
423:Manawatū Gorge
420:
410:
404:
398:
392:
386:
376:
348:
345:
279:Bedford County
275:Wills Mountain
245:
244:
195:
193:
186:
180:
177:
173:rail transport
161:mountain ridge
157:mountain range
134:Columbia River
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1926:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Surface water
1763:
1761:
1760:Sacred waters
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Riparian zone
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1730:Body of water
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Riverboarding
1677:
1675:
1674:River surfing
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:and modelling
1394:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1359:Return period
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:Flood control
1317:
1315:
1314:Flood barrier
1312:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
946:Palaeochannel
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
906:Granular flow
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
873:
871:
869:
864:
860:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
832:
829:
828:
827:
824:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
789:
786:
781:
777:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
705:
703:
699:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
652:Channel types
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
632:Braided river
630:
628:
625:
624:
622:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
591:
586:
584:
579:
577:
572:
571:
568:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
523:
519:
513:
505:
504:
496:
492:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
464:
460:
457:
454:
451:
449:
448:Marañón River
445:
442:
440:
436:
433:
430:
427:
425:, New Zealand
424:
421:
418:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
401:Heavitree Gap
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330:North America
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259:Juniata River
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230:
227:February 2019
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196:This section
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106:December 2023
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67: –
66:
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61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1849:expanding it
1838:
1823:
1803:Flash floods
1755:River cruise
1652:River sports
1505:Stream gauge
1490:Rouse number
1480:Relief ratio
1329:Flood-meadow
1260:Urban runoff
1174:Fluvial flow
1159:River valley
1129:River island
1094:Meander scar
1009:Alluvial fan
985:
951:Progradation
826:Karst spring
770:Winterbourne
725:Chalk stream
687:River source
662:Distributary
525:. Retrieved
521:
512:
502:
495:
463:Danube River
429:Middle Rhine
373:Saddle Point
357:Pennsylvania
334:
323:
308:
292:
283:Pennsylvania
233:
224:
209:Please help
197:
148:
146:
112:
103:
93:
86:
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72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1664:Fly fishing
1588:Fish ladder
1573:Daylighting
1292:Flash flood
1255:First flush
1202:Plunge pool
926:Downcutting
911:Debris flow
886:Aggradation
760:Stream pool
527:23 December
481:Philippines
383:Wallula Gap
328:of eastern
271:Kinton Knob
138:Wallula Gap
65:"Water gap"
1909:Water gaps
1888:Categories
1770:Wild river
1450:Hydrograph
1440:Hack's law
1405:Baer's law
1349:Inundation
1334:Floodplain
1274:stormwater
1232:Whitewater
1104:Oxbow lake
941:Knickpoint
916:Deposition
809:Hot spring
750:Streamflow
740:Stream bed
657:Confluence
487:References
469:Wawa Gorge
465:in Bavaria
431:in Germany
407:Iron Gates
76:newspapers
1740:Limnology
1689:Triathlon
1659:Canyoning
1628:Revetment
1558:Check dam
1470:Main stem
1227:Waterfall
1114:Point bar
1099:Mouth bar
1039:Billabong
986:Water gap
981:Wash load
961:Saltation
881:Anabranch
804:Holy well
692:Tributary
561:Peneplain
473:Rodriguez
417:Himalayas
198:does not
165:wind gaps
149:water gap
1543:Aqueduct
1410:Baseflow
1377:Effluent
1054:Cut bank
1019:Avulsion
896:Bed load
876:Abrasion
540:See also
419:in Nepal
369:Illinois
304:sediment
261:through
136:cut the
1720:Aquifer
1713:Related
1669:Rafting
1197:Meander
1192:Log jam
1154:Thalweg
1059:Estuary
931:Erosion
868:erosion
780:Springs
735:Current
702:Streams
642:Channel
605:springs
601:streams
556:Narrows
461:on the
341:capture
319:erosion
287:Bedford
257:of the
219:removed
204:sources
179:Geology
90:scholar
1515:WAFLEX
1387:Sewage
1270:Floods
1212:Riffle
1207:Rapids
1149:Strath
1119:Ravine
1044:Canyon
799:Geyser
730:Coulee
715:Bourne
710:Arroyo
613:Rivers
597:Rivers
315:uplift
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1843:is a
1613:Levee
1598:Flume
1553:Canal
1297:Flood
1217:Shoal
1084:Gully
1079:Gulch
1049:Chine
1034:Bayou
891:Armor
843:Ponor
618:lists
477:Rizal
295:river
277:, in
151:is a
97:JSTOR
83:books
1845:stub
1643:Weir
1608:Leat
1272:and
1164:Wadi
1124:Rill
1089:Glen
1074:Gill
1024:Bank
866:and
831:list
814:list
785:list
720:Burn
603:and
529:2023
311:rock
265:and
202:any
200:cite
171:and
169:road
132:The
69:news
1563:Dam
1029:Bar
1004:Ait
213:by
159:or
153:gap
52:by
1890::
599:,
520:.
479:,
475:,
471:,
371:-
367:,
332:.
306:.
281:,
273:,
147:A
1876:e
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