469:
151:
274:
458:
71:
26:
58:, or otherwise impedes public safety or makes opening the facility impossible or more difficult. Depending upon the local climate, the chances of a school or school system closing may vary. While some regions may close or delay schools when there is any question of safety, others located in areas where bad weather is a regular occurrence may remain open, as local people may be accustomed to travelling under such conditions.
442:
62:
give students days off. If all snow days are exhausted, and inclement weather requires more closures, schools usually make the days up later in the year. US State education departments have, for example by administrative decision late in the 2015 Texas school year, occasionally issued waivers to schools, so that they do not need make up days for weather-related cancellations.
494:
Even when the service does operate, unplanned delays are possible, as operators take extra precautions or routes are congested. The level of service provided may be diminished due to a lower demand for service, fewer operators being available, or fewer passable routes. Yet sometimes demand for public
281:
In the United
Kingdom, snow days are a relatively uncommon event, especially in southern regions. Scottish, Northern Irish, Welsh, and Northern English schools may experience some closures during the winter months, often due to travel disruption. In Southern England, however, significant snowfall is
290:
Very few schools in
Australia regularly receive any, let alone significant snowfalls. Those who do, will generally have their own local snow policies, similar to how schools in bush fire or flood-prone areas will have policies to handle these events. If a school is closed due to snow, it is treated
479:
In severe weather, airlines, rail service providers, bus operators, and other public transport may cancel or reduce services. Route impassability, airport closure, employees' safety, and public safety may result in such action. However, some modes of transport are more prone to severe weather than
369:
in a particular area, such as when
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal (TCWS) No. 1 was in effect, preschool and kindergarten classes in the affected areas shall be automatically cancelled or suspended, when Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal (TCWS) No. 2 was in effect, preschool, kindergarten, elementary and
61:
Many countries and sub-national jurisdictions have mandates for a minimum number of school days in a year. To meet these requirements, many schools that face a likelihood of closure build a few extra school days into their calendar. If, by the end of the year, these days are unused, some schools
348:
During a typhoon, DepEd said that in-person, online classes and work from
Kindergarten to Grades 12 and Alternative Learning System (ALS) in all levels are “automatically cancelled” in public schools situated in Local Government Units (LGUs) issued with Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals (TCWS) 1, 2,
324:
Contrary to popular legend circulated among school children, schools rarely close due to hot weather and if they were it would be a decision based on a risk assessment by school staff. There is no set policy stating at what point schools close, and most states explicitly state that schools do not
219:
In northern areas of the United States, where municipalities are well equipped to handle heavy snowfall, snow days occur when extreme winter weather events overwhelm typical efforts to safely clear main roads of snow and ice (1 to 2 feet of snow). Weather induced cancellations or delays can also
124:
Some inclement weather makes road passage impossible or difficult. In developed nations, municipalities attempt to clear snow-covered roads—but this is not always possible, and often many cannot travel. In deeper snowfalls, personal vehicles may become trapped, and their removal may take several
192:
More and more schools are closing due to extreme heat, "heat days". Heat days are like snow days. Some districts (San Diego
Unified) provide schools with an operational procedure that is used as a guideline to address what actions schools should take at different levels of rising temperatures.
299:
Instead of cancelling an entire school day, some schools may delay opening by, for example, one or two hours, or announce a particular opening time. This can be advantageous in places where schools are not charged a "snow day" by delaying their opening. Many school authorities cancel the whole
239:
In most areas, schools include extra days in their calendar as "built-in" snow days which allow a school to get in the minimum number of hours or days for instruction. When the number of snow days taken is less than the number of built-in days, the days are given back by extending
349:
3,4, or 5 by the
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Also, in-person, online classes and work at all levels are also automatically cancelled in schools situated in LGUs issued with Orange and Red Rainfall Warning by the
842:
501:
Public transport may continue to operate on main arteries, though they may still experience delays. Buses that operate on secondary roads, especially those that are narrow or difficult to negotiate, may either be completely cancelled or diverted to a main road.
236:—even small snowfalls of an inch or two may render roads unsafe, while in some large northern metropolitan areas, effectively mobilized plow and road salt crews can clear 10 or more inches of overnight snow and ice accumulation before the morning commute.
522:. Increased demand may result from employers and schools clearing out in anticipation of a tropical cyclone, hurricane, or other severe weather system as people turn to the subway when other modes of transport are threatened. In some cases, including
386:(LGUs) in their own capacity as chairpersons of the local disaster risk and management councils throughout the Philippines could declare a suspension of classes and government office work depending on the situation in their area of responsibility.
115:
Television and radio services generally keep operating (unless they in turn are taken off the air by the weather), and travel as necessary. Elected officials travel as necessary to provide services to the public. Snow removal crews remain at work.
264:
end later. However, some schools are more forgiving, and do not mandate make-up days. In the event of heavy snow, tools have arisen to help students calculate the chance of a weather-related cancellation, most commonly snow days.
325:
close simply due to hot weather. Schools may however modify their operations to ensure student and teacher welfare, for example by cancelling sport activities or relocating to a part of the school with access to air conditioning.
103:
of basic necessities. In health care environments, employees may remain at the facility around the clock if travel is impaired or dangerous, as those facilities contain basic accommodations for sleeping and eating such as
505:
Although bad weather generally has little effect on an underground subway system in a major metropolitan area, electricity outages and flooding may disrupt services. For example, on August 8, 2007, following a
41:
is closure, cancellation, or delay of an institution, operation, or event as a result of inclement weather. Certain institutions, such as schools, are likely to close when bad weather, such as snow, flooding,
90:
Minor storms, when safety is of less concern, may cause few or no cancellations or delays. In severe inclement weather, however, only the most essential operations remain functional. Operations considered
560:
345:(DepEd) Order No. 37 series of 2022, Classes and work in schools are cancelled or suspended classes during a typhoon, heavy rainfall, flood, earthquake, and power outages/power interruptions/brownouts.
212:, or in honour of a school staff member who has recently died. In some cases, only one school or business in a town may close, due to localized issues such as a water main break or a lack of heat or
418:
try to remain open to meet public need and the opportunity for increased business. Less critical businesses, such as clothing or antique shops, may close in moderate or severe weather.
370:
secondary classes in the affected areas shall be automatically cancelled or suspended and when
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal (TCWS) No. 3 or above was in effect, classes in all
189:
to operate safely on their routes and danger to children who walk to school. Often, the school remains officially open even though buses do not run and classes are cancelled.
169:
in the United States and Canada is a day that school classes are cancelled or delayed by snow, heavy ice, or extremely low temperatures. Similar measures occur in response to
688:
628:
304:
under these circumstances. This is particularly common during snowfalls of 2 inches (5.1 cm) or less in areas not accustomed to winter snowfall, such as the
406:
facilities, have some or all of their employees stay and sleep on the premises while off duty if bad weather that hampers commuting is anticipated. Many
382:) in the affected areas shall be automatically cancelled or suspended. In an absence of a typhoon signal warning and during floods, the executive of a
220:
happen in more temperate southern regions, which are traditionally less prepared to handle such situations. In areas less accustomed to snow—such as
399:
Workplaces are less likely to close during mildly inclement weather, but the more severe the storm, the more likely a workplace is to close.
429:
use specialized vehicles to respond to emergencies. Other workers involved in handling issues pertaining to the inclement weather, such as
154:
248:
end earlier. Once the number of snow days taken exceeds the number of built-in days, the snow days must be made up. In other states, like
817:
654:
706:
462:
125:
days. This influences decisions on closures beyond the end of snowfall. The ability of employees to reach work places is a factor.
895:
847:
585:
358:
342:
728:
361:(DepEd), classes in private schools and work in government institutions could be suspended automatically depending on the
383:
799:
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Ohio school districts can use five calamity days before they must start adding extra days to the school calendar.
488:
468:
158:
157:
notification that
Federal agencies in the Washington, D.C. area would be closed on December 21, 2009, due to the
311:
In the event of fog, some schools may delay the opening of school three hours but extend the day an extra hour.
768:
133:
Various types of severe weather can damage structures temporarily or render them permanently useless, cause
83:
Safety is the central factor in deciding whether to cancel or delay. Officials may close schools to prevent
450:
371:
900:
305:
112:
generally close, those housing live animals may need essential employees to provide proper animal care.
433:
operators, report to work, and reporters and local elected officials stay on duty to serve the public.
19:
871:
484:
150:
773:
561:"Statement of Commissioner Michael Williams regarding school district issues related to flooding"
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In particularly hot weather, rail vehicles may be delayed by the expansion of the steel tracks.
29:
When cars are covered and roads are impassable, closings and cancellations are likely to occur
507:
273:
515:
446:
185:, dense fog, heavy snow, etc.). The criterion for a snow day is primarily the inability of
196:
Schools and businesses may also be cancelled for reasons other than bad weather such as a
8:
457:
535:
357:. While private schools must abide the existing rules of Executive Order No. 66 of the
282:
a less frequent event, rarely lasting for more than a few days across low-lying areas.
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109:
659:
593:
422:
411:
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as an emergency closure and no additional days are added to make up for the closure.
70:
778:
540:
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Passenger trains may face a diminished ability to operate in severe snow, like the
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213:
205:
47:
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Cars and trucks stuck in snow on Route 128 near
Needham, Massachusetts during the
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523:
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transport may increase as more commuters choose not to drive their own vehicles.
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426:
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589:
178:
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In air travel, the decision is often based on the guidelines of the country's
252:, all snow days must be made up. For example, schools may open school on some
889:
702:
526:
in 2012, transit services may be totally suspended for the storm's duration.
511:
277:
Abandoned cars in the snow on
Hareward Road, Guildford, in the United Kingdom
201:
174:
43:
25:
664:
379:
301:
257:
241:
134:
105:
84:
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818:"DepEd says class suspensions may still be declared in distance learning"
742:
729:"Decision for city schools to stay open prompts calls from irate parents"
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403:
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233:
209:
96:
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Some employers who use the most essential types of employees, such as
519:
430:
182:
51:
74:
Hazardous travel conditions may result in closings and cancellations
629:"DC-area schools build more 'snow days' into year than you'd think"
480:
others, and different forms of bad weather have different impacts.
375:
197:
170:
614:
693:
362:
221:
328:
Non-government Schools may follow their own procedures however.
366:
354:
350:
225:
100:
441:
578:
564:
843:"GUIDELINES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 66"
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flooded, causing all trains to grind to a halt during
137:, or prevent heat or air conditioning from working.
869:
766:
887:
798:Thorne, Leonie; Stein, Lucia (9 February 2017).
353:as well as areas issued with a Flood Warning by
87:and other problems caused by inclement weather.
872:"Tornado Hits Brooklyn; Subway Back in Service"
870:O'Connor, Anahad; Bowley, Graham (2007-08-08).
553:
18:"Snow day" redirects here. For other uses, see
767:Wolff, Christine; Tanya Albert (1999-03-09).
760:
655:"School districts are using up calamity days"
586:"Houston ISD won't schedule flood makeup day"
155:United States Office of Personnel Management
797:
720:
680:
800:"Is there a school policy for heatwaves?"
646:
467:
463:1978 Northeastern United States blizzard
456:
440:
272:
149:
69:
24:
472:Subway Train in a flooded tunnel after
888:
726:
686:
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689:"Districts Consider Calamity Options"
389:
128:
13:
769:"Snow may stretch out school year"
331:
14:
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268:
145:
863:
835:
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489:Federal Aviation Administration
159:North American blizzard of 2009
791:
621:
607:
336:
319:
119:
78:
1:
727:Ferris, Joleen (2009-01-28).
546:
394:
365:warning signal raised by the
896:Inclement weather management
687:Willis, Donna (2009-01-30).
491:(FAA) in the United States.
451:2006 North American blizzard
436:
285:
140:
7:
653:Larsen, Dave (2009-01-27).
529:
306:Baltimore metropolitan area
10:
917:
99:, emergency services, and
65:
17:
294:
20:Snow day (disambiguation)
485:civil aviation authority
260:, or sometimes make the
848:Department of Education
774:The Cincinnati Enquirer
615:"Administrative Policy"
421:In most severe storms,
359:Department of Education
343:Department of Education
314:
244:weekend, or making the
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454:
384:local government units
278:
162:
75:
30:
471:
460:
444:
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153:
73:
28:
516:New York City Subway
447:New York City Subway
35:weather cancellation
508:tornado in Brooklyn
308:and points south.
110:tourist attractions
901:School terminology
876:The New York Times
536:State of emergency
477:
466:
455:
412:convenience stores
372:educational levels
279:
163:
76:
31:
660:Dayton Daily News
594:Houston Chronicle
390:Settings affected
129:Structural issues
48:tropical cyclones
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779:Cincinnati, Ohio
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745:. Archived from
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705:. Archived from
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541:Rainout (sports)
427:fire departments
254:federal holidays
214:air conditioning
206:terrorist attack
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524:Hurricane Sandy
474:Hurricane Sandy
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332:Rain and floods
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175:tornado watches
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23:
12:
11:
5:
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851:. May 28, 2012
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699:Columbus, Ohio
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590:Houston, Texas
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487:, such as the
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179:severe weather
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855:September 25,
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749:on 2009-01-30
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709:on 2011-06-15
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135:power outages
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106:on-call rooms
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57:
56:power outages
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44:air pollution
40:
36:
27:
21:
16:
875:
865:
853:. Retrieved
846:
837:
825:. Retrieved
821:
812:
803:
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782:. Retrieved
772:
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751:. Retrieved
747:the original
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707:the original
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668:. Retrieved
665:Dayton, Ohio
658:
648:
637:. Retrieved
635:. 2019-02-11
632:
623:
609:
598:. Retrieved
596:. 2015-05-26
580:
569:. Retrieved
567:. 2015-05-26
555:
504:
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482:
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420:
416:gas stations
408:supermarkets
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380:universities
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302:kindergarten
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289:
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258:spring break
242:Memorial Day
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187:school buses
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92:
89:
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60:
52:extreme heat
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34:
32:
15:
827:9 September
743:Smith Media
453:(pictured).
449:during the
404:health care
374:(including
337:Philippines
262:school year
246:school year
234:Chattanooga
210:bomb threat
120:Passability
97:health care
79:Road safety
890:Categories
784:2009-02-05
753:2009-02-05
713:2009-02-05
670:2009-02-05
639:2021-02-06
600:2015-07-12
571:2015-07-12
547:References
395:Workplaces
256:, shorten
250:New Jersey
183:hurricanes
520:rush hour
437:Transport
431:snow plow
320:Australia
286:Australia
181:(storms,
141:Snow days
93:essential
85:accidents
54:, causes
804:ABC News
530:See also
376:colleges
300:morning
198:pandemic
171:flooding
167:snow day
108:. While
95:include
694:WCMH-TV
363:typhoon
341:As per
230:Memphis
222:Atlanta
66:Reasons
514:, the
423:police
414:, and
367:PAGASA
355:PAGASA
351:PAGASA
295:Delays
226:Dallas
177:, and
101:retail
565:Texas
232:, or
208:, or
50:, or
39:delay
857:2021
829:2021
734:WKTV
633:WTOP
425:and
378:and
315:Heat
510:in
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