22:
608:
90:
With a web annotation system, a user can add, modify or remove information from a Web resource without modifying the resource itself. The annotations can be thought of as a layer on top of the existing resource, and this annotation layer is usually visible to other users who share the same annotation
133:
Annotations can be considered an additional layer with respect to comments. Comments are published by the same publisher who hosts the original document. Annotations are added on top of that, but may eventually become comments which, in turn, may be integrated in a further version of the document
729:
A Firefox plugin created in 2004 that provided a publicly editable mediawiki page in the margin of any webpage. (It was later accessible in other browsers via a bookmarklet.) Common uses were note-taking and discussion about the website. On Google, the
Wikalong margin provided a variety of useful
146:
n annotation is considered to be a set of connected resources, typically including a body and target, and conveys that the body is related to the target. The exact nature of this relationship changes according to the intention of the annotation, but the body is most frequently somehow "about" the
147:
target. (...) The (...) model supports additional functionality, enabling content to be embedded within the annotation, selecting arbitrary segments of resources, choosing the appropriate representation of a resource and providing styling hints to help clients render the annotation appropriately.
717:
Founded in 2003 and provided cloud bookmarks with optional descriptions (a form of annotation) of up to 1000 characters. It was rumoured that it would be shut down in 2010, but it was only actually finally shut down in 2017 when it was acquired by
Pinboard, a competitor.
182:
The body can be a literal value or structured content (a URI). The target can be identified by an URI (e.g., fragment identifiers) and/or a selector that defines a domain-, resource- or application-specific access protocol, e.g., offset-based, XPath-based, etc.
703:
A system launched in 1999. It was targeted by a campaign called Say No to TV, led by independent web hosts which likened ThirdVoice to "Web graffiti." It was shut in April 2001 because it couldn't generate enough advertising revenue to stay in business.
666:
Perhaps the earliest web annotation system. Developed in 1997–98 by Ka-Ping Yee of the
University of California. CritLink worked as an HTML "mediator", hence not requiring additional software or browser extensions but having limited support for modern
774:
Launched in 2007, dabbled in web page annotation as part of its broader mission. It was originally developed in Adobe Flash. It was acquired by Box.com in 2013 and the web annotation side of it was shut down two years later.
280:
Independently from Web
Annotation, more specialized data models for representing annotations on the web have been developed, e.g., the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) for applications in language technology. In early 2020, the
298:
Many of these systems require software to be installed to enable some or all of the features below. This fact is only noted in footnotes if the software that is required is additional software provided by a third party.
1568:
Technically, public annotations are possible via the "publish to HTML" feature of org mode -- but no method for notifications or discovery of public annotations written by others is currently known.
285:
Community Group "Linked Data for
Language Technology" launched an initiative to harmonize these vocabularies and to develop a consolidated RDF vocabulary for linguistic annotations on the web.
1972:
On Web
Annotations: Promises and Pitfalls of Current Web Infrastructure. Venu Vasudevan and Mark Palmer, Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 1999
175:
505:
In
February 2015, different features were announced, such as private group annotation, semantic tagging, moderation, etc. Web Annotation integration was discussed in 2014.
211:
The Web
Annotation data model is also provided in machine-readable form as the Web Annotation ontology. Note that this ontology defines the Web Annotation namespace (
747:
Launched in 2005 with much publicity as a stick-it notes application for the web. A patent, funding and marketing didn't stop it from failing. Discontinued in 2010.
888:
547:
Emacs-based; requires technical knowledge to set up; not as user-friendly as some other solutions; non-Latin characters allowed in notes but not in tags
123:
as a medium of artistic or social criticism, by allowing Web users to reinterpret, enrich or protest against institution or ideas that appear on the Web.
823:
Formerly knows as News Genius, launched in 2016. As of May 2022, the Chrome and
Wordpress extensions are discontinued, and the bookmarklet provided on
1840:
186:
Web
Annotation was standardized on February 23, 2017 with the release of three official Recommendations by the W3C Web Annotation Working Group:
813:
An AJAX based web annotation tool that allowed users to mark-up, highlight, draw, annotate, cache, sticky-note and finally share any website.
800:
Launched in 2009. A part of Google Toolbar that allowed users to write comments alongside any web page. It was discontinued in December 2011.
463:
Public annotations are only allowed for established users. Group tag dictionary feature to encourage tagging consistently within a group.
1866:
1738:
74:
and it has been used in this sense for the annotation tool INCEpTION, formerly WebAnno. This is a general feature of several tools for
730:
tips and shortcuts for searching. The project was discontinued in 2009 when the storage wiki went offline. It had been suffering from
742:
1720:
655:
An early version of the Mosaic browser was tested with collaborative annotation feature in 1993 but never passed the test state.
1968:, Proceedings of WISE 2009, 10th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Poznan, Poland, October 2009
1976:
1965:
615:
152:
Robert Sanderson, Paolo Ciccarese, Benjamin Young (eds.), Web Annotation Data Model, W3C Recommendation 23 February 2017,
1929:
228:
Web Annotation supersedes other standardization initiatives for annotations on the web within the W3C, e.g., the earlier
788:
Launched in 2009. A multimedia, extensible tool for annotating web pages with widgets viewable by any other Blerp user.
1955:
841:
383:
Can annotate PDF, ODF, .doc, .docx, images, as well as web pages (but only a limited number in the free version)
1406:
852:
1755:
1521:
277:
Other, non-standardized fragment identifiers are in use, as well, e.g., within the NLP Interchange Format.
200:
These recommendations were accompanied by additional working group notes that describe their application:
245:
1454:
1104:"Semantic Web Activity: Advanced Development / Annotation, Collaboration and Automated Knowledge Access"
106:
to rate a Web resource, such as by its usefulness, user-friendliness, suitability for viewing by minors.
1988:
The impact of bookmarks and annotations on refinding information. ACM Hypertext Conference 2010: 29-34
2037:
945:
64:
1801:
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1215:
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project that tried to establish a standard for web annotation. Annotea was conceived as part of the
2058:
1971:
1818:
261:
1273:
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1229:
Hardy, Matthew; Masinter, Larry M.; Markovic, Dejan; Johnson, Duff; Bailey, Martin (March 2017).
985:
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225:, a W3C Community Group whose specifications formed the basis for the Web Annotation standard.
117:
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1921:
1742:
1246:
1202:
1158:
1977:
A Survey of Web Annotation Systems. Rachel M. Heck, Sarah M. Luebke, Chad H. Obermark. 1999.
1924:(2010). "Proceedings of the 10th annual joint conference on Digital libraries - JCDL '10".
1771:
827:
does not work. As of August 2022, it is not possible to log in and leave new annotations.
79:
70:
developed for this purpose. The term can also refer to the creations of annotations on the
1664:
Yee, Ka-Ping (2002). "CritLink: Advanced Hyperlinks Enable Public Annotation on the Web".
8:
878:
863:
712:
241:
619:
35:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1933:
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1993:
1841:"Box acquires Crocodoc to turn all those docs you upload into HTML5 masterpieces"
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annotation (the element that serves to relate body and target of an annotation)
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target (the element being annotated, e.g., a web document or a part of it),
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691:. According to the website, Annotea development stalled in October 2005.
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Web Annotation can be used in conjunction with (or as an alternative to)
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that describe how to address elements within a web document by means of
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56:
1982:
New ways of using Web annotations. Laurent Denoue, Laurence Vignollet.
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RFC 8118 (URI fragment identifiers for the application/pdf media type)
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858:
346:
1892:
1867:"Box is Shutting Down Crocodoc Personal and Webnotes on November 1"
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to improve or adapt its contents by adding/removing material (like
60:
1938:
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to quantify transient relationships between information fragments.
2012:
1591:
1382:
1185:
Hausenblas, Michael; Wilde, Erik; Tennison, Jeni (January 2014).
678:
252:
RFC 5147 (URI fragment identifiers for the text/plain media type)
229:
174:
1992:
Ricardo Kawase, Eelco Herder, George Papadakis, Wolfgang Nejdl:
1986:
Ricardo Kawase, George Papadakis, Eelco Herder, Wolfgang Nejdl:
1577:
But local annotations can be exposed to a firefox browser using
1998:
1502:
1355:
255:
RFC 7111 (URI fragment identifiers for the text/csv media type)
167:
body (the content of the annotation, e.g., a string value), and
1926:
Proceedings of JCDL '10, Joint Conference on Digital Libraries
783:
761:
426:
1329:
1228:
1075:
217:), and that this namespace is conventionally abbreviated as
213:
91:
system. In such cases, the web annotation tool is a type of
1784:
110:
1966:"An Architecture for Open Cross-Media Annotation Services"
273:
Media Fragments (for addressing components of media files)
160:
The basic data structures of Web Annotation (Fig. 1) are
949:
684:
282:
120:
tool, e.g. to discuss the contents of a certain resource.
1615:
1184:
889:
Comparison of software saving Web pages for offline use
293:
102:
Web annotation can be used for the following purposes:
1919:
1316:"Guidelines for Linked Data corpus creation using NIF"
598:
971:"Deliverables of W3C's Web Annotation Working Group"
585:
Annotation of named entities, linking with maps and
338:
implements/ exports/ imports Web Annotation standard
129:
to save, retain and synthesize selected information.
1383:"Annotorious | JavaScript image annotation library"
178:
Fig. 1. Basic view on the Web Annotation data model
417:JavaScript image annotation library and plugin to
1592:"Semantic Annotation without the pointy brackets"
95:tool. For Web-based text annotation systems, see
2045:
1994:In-Context Annotations for Refinding and Sharing
589:, developed by the Pelagios network, popular in
85:
1721:"Say NO To Third Voice! - WEBMASTERS UNITE!!"
1522:"Open Annotation RDFa using Hypothes.is JSON"
270:(for addressing components of XML documents)
1140:
2015:Recommendations (as of February 23, 2017):
1638:
1519:
137:
1937:
977:
907:
288:
235:
76:annotation in natural language processing
421:, also supports simple text annotations
173:
1546:"Implementations - Web Annotation Wiki"
154:https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/
2046:
1641:"group annotation server guinea pigs?"
1407:"Getting Started: Storing Annotations"
983:
855:packages also support web annotations
502:No, but listed on Web Annotation wiki
1274:"Linking – SVG 1.1 (Second Edition)"
943:
602:
294:Comparison of web annotation systems
15:
1930:Association for Computing Machinery
1663:
1479:"Hypothesis API documentation (v1)"
1048:"Embedding Web Annotations in HTML"
599:Discontinued web annotation systems
13:
1913:
1802:Farewell Fleck.com, "The Next Web"
1455:"Annotorious & Web Annotation"
986:"Annotation Is Now a Web Standard"
14:
2075:
2006:
1302:"Media Fragments URI 1.0 (Basic)"
1090:"Open Annotation Community Group"
984:Whaley, Dan (February 24, 2017).
842:Comparison of notetaking software
232:project discontinued after 2003.
204:Embedding Web Annotations in HTML
2040:, W3C's interactive illustration
2013:W3C Web Annotation Working Group
1231:"The application/PDF Media Type"
606:
403:Yes, via Google Firebase plugin
142:In the Web Annotation standard,
20:
1885:
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1713:
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1639:Andreessen, Marc (1993-05-31).
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221:. This is the abbreviation for
2002:(Selected Papers) 2010: 85-100
1141:Wilde, E.; Duerst, M. (2008).
1040:
1026:
1012:
998:
963:
937:
923:
901:
63:or parts of them, or a set of
1:
1616:"Welcome to Pelagios Network"
1351:"Ld4lt/Linguistic-annotation"
946:"Web Annotation Architecture"
912:. Inception-project.github.io
894:
853:reference management software
658:Never passed the test state
7:
2038:Web Annotation Architecture
1076:"Web Annotation Vocabulary"
1020:"Web Annotation Vocabulary"
1006:"Web Annotation Data Model"
835:
86:Annotation of web resources
10:
2080:
2026:Web Annotation Vocabulary
2021:Web Annotation Data Model
1739:"The Web's New Graffiti?"
1520:bigbluehat (2014-10-15).
1034:"Web Annotation Protocol"
214:https://www.w3.org/ns/oa#
193:Web Annotation Vocabulary
190:Web Annotation Data Model
59:of web resources such as
29:This article needs to be
1819:Free Software Foundation
908:Inception (2022-07-30).
493:Chrome, via.hypothes.is
2031:Web Annotation Protocol
1948:10.1145/1816123.1816125
1785:"SEO – SEO-Optimierung"
1371:A.nnotate notifications
196:Web Annotation Protocol
138:Web Annotation standard
1922:Van de Sompel, Herbert
1772:Wikalong Firefox Addon
1756:Third Voice Trails Off
1254:Cite journal requires
1210:Cite journal requires
1166:Cite journal requires
1062:"Selectors and States"
289:Web Annotation Systems
236:Related specifications
179:
158:
1745:on November 21, 2001.
1596:recogito.pelagios.org
1435:annotorious.github.io
1431:"Annotorious | About"
1387:annotorious.github.io
177:
144:
1288:"XPointer Framework"
825:the official website
819:Genius Web Annotator
620:adding missing items
264:fragment identifiers
242:fragment identifiers
207:Selectors and States
55:can refer to online
1920:Sanderson, Robert;
879:Threaded discussion
864:Online deliberation
329:Viewing annotations
311:Private group notes
1459:recogito.github.io
1411:recogito.github.io
1332:. Site.nlp2rdf.org
847:Social bookmarking
671:-driven websites.
647:Date Discontinued
618:; you can help by
591:Digital Humanities
180:
80:in the philologies
1932:. pp. 1–10.
1727:on April 5, 2001.
1707:"Annotea project"
1687:Missing or empty
1118:"Annotea project"
833:
832:
636:
635:
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513:(with extensions)
457:No (proprietary)
377:No (proprietary)
305:Annotation system
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1815:"Comment system"
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1789:www.wikalong.org
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1741:. Archived from
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944:Schepers, Doug.
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884:Virtual graffiti
764:comment system.
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587:knowledge graphs
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248:. These include
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1873:. 5 August 2015
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796:Google Sidewiki
732:link spam abuse
652:Mosaic Browser
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499:Yes (MIT, BSD)
296:
291:
238:
223:Open Annotation
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97:Text annotation
93:social software
88:
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2007:External links
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1964:Signer, Beat:
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1359:. 31 May 2021.
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