361:
209:
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87:
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62:
38:
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625:. However, they can be very productive in good conditions and high food availability. Year-round breeding has been recorded at several sites with up to 14 young produced in a year. Weka populations can persist in highly modified habitats, but they have disappeared from huge areas of their former range, suggesting that they can adapt to a wide range of conditions but are particularly vulnerable to threats.
1920:
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are made on the ground under the cover of thick vegetation, and built by making grass (or similar material) into a bowl to hold about four eggs. On average, female weka lay three creamy or pinkish eggs blotched with brown and mauve. Both sexes incubate. The chicks hatch after a month, and are fed by
574:
Plant foods include leaves, grass, berries and seeds. Weka are important in the bush as seed dispersers, distributing seeds too large for smaller berry-eating birds. Where the weka is relatively common, their furtive curiosity leads them to search around houses and camps for food scraps, or anything
697:
In
October 2023 a two-person team competing in a reality show were disqualified after one killed and ate a Weka in what he claimed was an act of desperation and hunger, despite knowing it was a protected species. They were also issued with a letter of reprimand from the Department of Conservation.
656:
and ferrets are a threat to chicks; stoats and rats are a threat to eggs. It faces competition with introduced species for fruits and invertebrates, and suffers from the impact browsers have on forest composition and regeneration. Habitat depletion is caused by the modification and degradation of
612:
weka recovery plan, approved in 1999, aims to improve the conservation status of threatened weka, clarify the status of data deficient weka, maintain the non-threatened status of other weka, and eventually restore all weka to their traditional ranges as a significant component of the ecosystems.
616:
Weka are problematic in conservation; some subspecies are threatened, but have been a problem to other threatened wildlife on offshore islands, especially when introduced to an island that they would not naturally inhabit. Weka are unable to withstand the current pressures faced in both the
297:
Weka are large rails. They are predominantly rich brown mottled with black and grey; the brown shade varies from pale to dark depending on subspecies. The male is the larger sex at 50–60 cm (20–24 in) in length and 532–1,605 g (1.173–3.538 lb) in weight. Females measure
494:) is smaller than the other subspecies and, like the western weka, has two colour phases; a chestnut form – similar to the chestnut-phase western weka – and a black phase which is not as dark as the black western weka. Reintroduced populations are confined to
810:
Trewick, Steve A.; Pilkington, Stephen; Shepherd, Lara D.; Gibb, Gillian C.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2017). "Closing the gap: Avian lineage splits at a young, narrow seaway imply a protracted history of mixed population response".
301:
The relatively large, reddish-brown beak is about 5 cm (2.0 in) long, stout and tapered, and used as a weapon. The pointed tail is near-constantly being flicked, a sign of unease characteristic of the
490:. Distinguished by dark red-brown and black streaking on the breast, the western weka has two distinct colour phases, that of the southernmost range showing a greater degree of black. The Stewart Island weka (
661:
have been associated with population declines, although little is known. Drought has been implicated in the disappearance of weka from some areas. In some regions, motor vehicles cause a significant amount of
685:(tribes) who admire their curiosity and feisty, bold personality traits which have led to them being relatively easy to catch. Weka were used by the Māori as a source of food, perfume, oil to treat
990:"The extant type specimens of birds from New Zealand and the Society Islands collected on Cook's second voyage and described by Anders Sparrman in Museum Carlsonianum (1786–1789)"
666:
death. Pest control operations sometimes kill weka, as they have ground foraging habits vulnerable to poison baits, and traps are laid in a way that weka can reach.
298:
46–50 cm (18–20 in) in length and weigh 350–1,035 g (0.772–2.282 lb). The reduced wingspan ranges from 50 to 60 cm (20 to 24 in).
689:, feathers in clothing and lures to catch dogs. Early European explorers and settlers frequently encountered and utilised weka; they were called "bush hens".
863:
1461:
3013:
942:
1528:
431:, and by liberations elsewhere from that stock. This subspecies differs in its greyer underparts, and brown rather than reddish coloured legs.
3052:
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and modified semi-urban environments. They are omnivorous, with a diet comprising 30% animal foods and 70% plant foods. Animal foods include
989:
1033:
351:
in 1830 to describe each weka as a species was generally adopted. However, weka were later classified as a single species in the genus
1430:
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in 2005/2006) have been much more successful. It has a lighter overall colouring than the other subspecies. The North Island weka (
360:
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in the early 1900s, and where they are widely hunted and eaten in the autumn (due to their status as non-native to the islands).
3177:
3157:
1415:
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1125:
Penguin Pocket Guides: New
Zealand's Native Birds of Bush and Countryside. Pages 76–77. 1996. Published by Penguin Books.
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The breeding season varies, but when food is plentiful, weka can raise up to four broods throughout the whole year.
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can be lost during the transmission of genes through generations, affecting isolated populations.
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unfamiliar and transportable. They have been known to take shiny objects in particular.
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are recognized but only two (northern/southern) are supported by genetic evidence.
253:
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2200:
1777:
1443:
1258:
246:
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894:
787:"Finfoots, flufftails, rails, trumpeters, cranes, Limpkin – IOC World Bird List"
679:
482:), is found mainly in the northern and western regions of the South Island from
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2008:
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1037:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 994–995.
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499:
416:
71:
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514:) which show the same north–south population structure seen in their hosts.
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US reality contestant kills and eats protected bird on NZ-filmed TV show
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US reality show contestant kills and eats protected bird in New
Zealand
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The
Department of Conservation identifies eight main threats to weka.
458:
264:. Some authorities consider it as the only extant member of the genus
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2115:
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1813:
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560:
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563:, frogs, spiders, rats, mice, and small birds. Stewart Island weka (
3005:
2843:
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1861:
663:
658:
400:
333:, four fascicules based on specimens collected while voyaging with
303:
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118:
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1902:
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The weka are sturdy brown birds, about the size of a chicken. As
921:"Large forest birds – Weka – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
37:
2979:
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1849:
1577:
1022:
649:
633:
108:
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809:
653:
552:
19:
This article is about a species of bird. For other uses, see
962:. London: Holmiae :Ex Typographia Regia. pp. Plate 14.
861:
502:
to which it was introduced. Weka are host to two species of
2567:
1410:. NZ: Department of Conservation New Zealand. pp. nn.
918:
707:
128:
596:
both parents until fully grown between six and ten weeks.
439:
2577:
2120:
1049:"Holotype and specimens of Gallirallus australis hectori"
682:
289:
between August and
January; both sexes help to incubate.
1444:
TV contestant killed and ate protected bird - NZ media
1288:"DOC's work with weka: Native land birds conservation"
713:
2786:
1494:. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand
1256:
739:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692384A131928535.en
567:) have been observed preying on sooty shearwater (
399:has been unsuccessful so far but introductions to
376:) formerly inhabited the eastern districts of the
559:, ants, grass grubs, slugs, snails, insect eggs,
3144:
1486:
1400:
1394:
329:in 1789. Sparrman published the information in
1310:"Facts: Weka: Native land birds: Conservation"
1143:"Specimens of Gallirallus australis australis"
1522:
1257:Bourne, Grant; Körner-Bourne, Sabine (1996).
955:
652:, cats, and dogs are a threat to adult weka;
423:) is represented by original populations in
919:Andreas Reischek, 1845–1902 (1 March 2009).
309:
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2755:
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941:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
464:Stewart Island weka seen at Sydney Cove on
306:. Weka have sturdy legs and reduced wings.
1529:
1515:
1433:CNN, 24 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
1404:Weka (Gallirallus australis) recovery plan
1282:
1280:
1121:
1119:
1098:"Specimens of Gallirallus australis greyi"
895:"WEKA – 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand"
207:
60:
36:
1382:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1324:
1149:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1104:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1055:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
737:
1536:
1332:"Dog owner prosecuted over weka killing"
1199:) depredation of sooty shearwater/titi (
632:
582:
526:
359:
1469:, 24 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
1451:, 23 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
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3078:3ae0b167-0b28-497e-b767-6084c9bbd3d1
909:
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531:Weka in its habitat on top of a bush
1073:
725:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
657:forests and wetlands. Diseases and
535:Weka occupy areas such as forests,
522:
13:
1334:. Nzherald.co.nz. 26 November 2009
862:Arkive – Images of Life on Earth.
779:
220: Geographic range of the weka
14:
3189:
1489:"North Island Weka recovery plan"
1475:
1169:"Weka | New Zealand Birds Online"
800:
45:In the South Island, New Zealand
3153:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2808:
2796:
2681:North Island little spotted kiwi
1918:
1376:"Kahu weka (weka feather cloak)"
457:
438:
85:
1454:
1436:
1424:
1368:
1346:
1302:
1250:
1228:
1186:
1161:
1135:
1090:
1067:
1041:
1014:
714:BirdLife International (2018).
2632:North Island stout-legged wren
2627:South Island stout-legged wren
981:
956:Sparrman, Anders (1786–1789).
897:. Teara.govt.nz. 23 April 2009
753:
314:The common name, "weka", is a
292:
1:
3178:Taxa named by Anders Sparrman
1356:. Doc.govt.nz. 21 August 2006
1312:. Doc.govt.nz. 21 August 2006
1290:. Doc.govt.nz. 21 August 2006
1238:. Doc.govt.nz. 21 August 2006
1076:"What's the story with weka?"
701:
678:Weka are significant to some
374:Gallirallus australis hectori
3158:Endemic birds of New Zealand
1260:Visitor's Guide: New Zealand
1003:(3): 131–135. Archived from
866:. Arkive.org. Archived from
767:. Collins English Dictionary
692:
610:Department of Conservation's
517:
285:and fruit. Weka usually lay
7:
1482:BirdLife Species Factsheet.
1078:. Chatham Islands Community
407:in 2004) and from there to
366:Willowbank Wildlife Reserve
345:'s suggestion of the genus
10:
3194:
2752:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
1826:South Island oystercatcher
1487:J. Innes; I. Flux (1999).
628:
18:
2833:
2593:Auckland Island merganser
2522:
2402:
2276:
2051:
1927:
1916:
1544:
765:www.collinsdictionary.com
732:: e.T22692384A131928535.
341:is Latin for "southern".
310:Taxonomy and distribution
215:
206:
187:
180:
82:Scientific classification
80:
58:
49:
44:
35:
30:
2605:Chatham Island merganser
2172:Northern royal albatross
2160:New Zealand storm petrel
1401:Te Tapa Atawhai (2009).
496:Stewart Island / Rakiura
3173:Birds described in 1786
2225:South Island saddleback
2213:North Island saddleback
2189:Orange-fronted parakeet
1961:North Island brown kiwi
1236:"DOC, Facts about Weka"
1034:Encyclopædia Britannica
1021:Newton, Alfred (1911).
968:10.5962/bhl.title.62901
380:but is now confined to
337:between 1772 and 1775.
327:Anders Erikson Sparrman
2773:
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2136:New Zealand fairy tern
2103:
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2040:
2023:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1965:
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1941:
1907:
1895:
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1867:Variable oystercatcher
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1193:Harper, Grant (2006).
988:Medway, D. G. (2004).
641:
604:Weka are classed as a
588:
532:
512:Pseudomenopon pilgrimi
445:A western weka on the
369:
357:with four subspecies.
318:word. The species was
281:, they feed mainly on
3130:Gallirallus-australis
3112:Paleobiology Database
2892:gallirallus-australis
2879:Gallirallus_australis
2865:Gallirallus australis
2835:Gallirallus australis
2764:New Zealand musk duck
2711:Scarlett's shearwater
2588:South Island adzebill
2583:North Island adzebill
2473:Erect-crested penguin
2317:Chatham oystercatcher
2148:New Zealand king shag
1790:New Zealand rock wren
1197:Gallirallus australis
718:Gallirallus australis
636:
586:
530:
498:and outliers, and to
363:
242:Gallirallus australis
191:Gallirallus australis
21:Weka (disambiguation)
2414:Antipodean albatross
2404:Subantarctic islands
1727:New Zealand dotterel
1626:Double-banded plover
1538:Birds of New Zealand
1263:. MPC. p. 179.
1173:nzbirdsonline.org.nz
579:Breeding and Nesting
478:, the western weka (
395:Reintroduction into
231:, also known as the
2723:North Island takahē
2598:rakiraki maungahuka
2544:New Zealand bittern
2532:South Island piopio
2485:Reischek's parakeet
2131:South Island kōkako
2126:North Island kōkako
2014:South Island takahē
1997:Yellow-eyed penguin
1985:Southern brown kiwi
1949:Little spotted kiwi
1010:on 29 January 2022.
959:Museum Carlsonianum
825:2017MolEc..26.5752T
600:Conservation status
571:) eggs and chicks.
508:Rallicola harrisoni
476:nominate subspecies
343:Johann Georg Wagler
331:Museum Carlsonianum
52:Conservation status
2691:South Island snipe
2686:North Island snipe
2507:Subantarctic snipe
2458:Campbell albatross
2448:Antipodes parakeet
2392:kawau o rangihaute
2063:Black-fronted tern
1937:Great spotted kiwi
1879:White-fronted tern
1744:North Island robin
1739:South Island robin
1698:Long-tailed cuckoo
1638:New Zealand falcon
1380:Collections Online
1147:Collections Online
1102:Collections Online
1053:Collections Online
642:
637:A ruffled weka on
606:vulnerable species
589:
533:
370:
335:Captain James Cook
3140:
3139:
3099:Open Tree of Life
2827:Taxon identifiers
2784:
2783:
2735:New Zealand goose
2556:New Zealand quail
2300:Chatham albatross
2019:Fiordland penguin
1761:Paradise shelduck
1749:New Zealand scaup
1686:Sacred kingfisher
1674:Grey-faced petrel
1566:Black-billed gull
1448:BBC World Service
1417:978-0-478-21844-2
1270:978-0-86190-569-0
833:10.1111/mec.14323
819:(20): 5752–5772.
813:Molecular Ecology
674:Human interaction
668:Genetic diversity
225:
224:
173:G. australis
75:
3185:
3163:Flightless birds
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2799:
2792:
2776:
2769:New Zealand swan
2759:
2747:
2730:
2718:
2676:
2654:
2622:Long-billed wren
2617:
2600:
2563:
2551:
2539:
2514:
2502:
2480:
2443:
2421:
2394:
2382:
2365:
2353:
2341:
2329:Chatham parakeet
2324:
2312:Chatham gerygone
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2004:
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1609:
1602:Buff-banded rail
1597:
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1201:Puffinus griseus
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1085:
1083:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1026:
1024:"Ocydrome"
1018:
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994:
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870:on 19 April 2012
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748:
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741:
711:
569:Puffinus griseus
523:Habitat and diet
461:
442:
388:to which it was
323:Rallus australis
219:
211:
193:
90:
89:
69:
64:
63:
40:
28:
27:
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3086:Observation.org
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2664:Waitaha penguin
2659:Chatham penguin
2524:
2518:
2406:
2398:
2280:
2278:Chatham Islands
2272:
2201:Red-billed gull
2194:kākāriki karaka
2055:
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1354:"Threats: Weka"
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480:G. a. australis
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372:The buff weka (
364:A buff weka at
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247:flightless bird
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2708:
2706:Imber's petrel
2703:
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2696:Forbes's snipe
2693:
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2669:Eyles' harrier
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2478:tawaki nana hī
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2441:tētē kākāriki
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2054:endemic birds
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182:Binomial name
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22:
2834:
2647:Laughing owl
2642:Chatham kākā
2637:Lyall's wren
2490:Snares snipe
2358:Chatham shag
2237:Shore plover
2111:Foveaux shag
2036:Blue penguin
2030:
1973:Okarito kiwi
1838:Spotted shag
1766:pūtangitangi
1662:Grey warbler
1496:. Retrieved
1464:
1460:Rawling, C.
1456:
1446:
1438:
1426:
1403:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1379:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1259:
1252:
1240:. Retrieved
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1213:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1146:
1137:
1106:. Retrieved
1101:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1052:
1043:
1032:
1016:
1005:the original
1000:
996:
983:
971:. Retrieved
958:
951:
925:. Retrieved
899:. Retrieved
872:. Retrieved
868:the original
864:"Facts Weka"
857:
816:
812:
790:. Retrieved
781:
769:. Retrieved
764:
755:
743:. Retrieved
729:
723:
717:
709:
696:
677:
643:
623:South Island
619:North Island
615:
603:
590:
573:
568:
565:G. a. scotti
564:
545:rocky shores
534:
511:
507:
504:feather lice
492:G. a. scotti
491:
479:
473:
420:
394:
378:South Island
373:
371:
352:
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313:
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276:
265:
241:
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232:
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226:
190:
188:
172:
171:
159:
25:
3168:Gallirallus
3001:iNaturalist
2859:Wikispecies
2815:New Zealand
2757:ruru hinapō
2453:Bounty shag
2288:Black robin
2075:Black stilt
1908:ngutuparore
1872:tōrea pango
1783:tītipounamu
1732:tūturiwhatu
1607:moho-pererū
973:6 September
761:"Māori hen"
745:12 November
555:, beetles,
539:grassland,
466:Ulva Island
429:Poverty Bay
421:G. a. greyi
405:Lake Wānaka
403:Island (in
386:Pitt Island
354:Gallirallus
304:rail family
293:Description
267:Gallirallus
262:New Zealand
160:Gallirallus
3147:Categories
3125:Xeno-canto
2745:manutahora
2701:Snipe-rail
2615:mātuhituhi
2261:Yellowhead
2249:Stitchbird
2177:Otago shag
2165:takahikare
2052:Endangered
1928:Flightless
1843:pārekareka
1655:pīwakawaka
1590:Brown teal
1360:16 October
1338:16 October
1316:16 October
1294:16 October
1242:16 October
927:16 October
901:16 October
702:References
549:earthworms
541:sand dunes
537:sub-alpine
447:West Coast
413:Pig Island
397:Canterbury
390:introduced
272:subspecies
139:Gruiformes
67:Vulnerable
2500:pokotiwha
2387:Pitt shag
2242:tūturuatu
2206:tarāpunga
2153:kawau tūī
2087:Blue duck
2068:tarapiroe
1896:pōpokotea
1891:Whitehead
1814:Silvereye
1442:Wang, F.
1216:: 318–320
1203:) chicks"
849:206185218
792:24 August
693:Incidents
659:parasites
646:Predation
518:Behaviour
488:Fiordland
425:Northland
348:Ocydromus
339:Australis
279:omnivores
233:Māori hen
167:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
3045:22692384
3019:10197449
2918:22692384
2913:BirdLife
2844:Wikidata
2610:Bushwren
2512:tutukiwi
2141:tara-iti
2099:Fernbird
2056:(flying)
1855:miromiro
1795:pīwauwau
1778:Rifleman
1720:pīhoihoi
1667:riroriro
1643:kārearea
1631:pohowera
1614:Dabchick
1571:tarāpuka
1559:korimako
1554:Bellbird
1498:18 April
1466:ABC News
1210:Notornis
997:Notornis
937:cite web
874:14 March
841:28805283
664:roadkill
401:Mou Waho
256:. It is
199:Sparrman
149:Rallidae
145:Family:
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
3104:1041544
2993:2474535
2900:Avibase
2850:Q756714
2789:Portals
2674:kērangi
2549:kaoriki
2523:Extinct
2339:ranguru
1990:tokoeka
1903:Wrybill
1754:pāpango
1703:koekoeā
1650:Fantail
1386:16 July
1220:27 July
1195:"Weka (
1153:16 July
1108:16 July
1059:16 July
1031:(ed.).
821:Bibcode
650:ferrets
629:Threats
561:slaters
451:Karamea
270:. Four
258:endemic
245:) is a
237:woodhen
201:, 1786)
155:Genus:
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
3117:143793
3075:NZOR:
3065:NZBO:
3032:176339
2980:915534
2887:ARKive
2716:ōiruki
2652:whēkau
2561:koreke
2537:piopio
2293:karure
2182:Matapo
2104:mātātā
2041:kororā
2024:tawaki
2009:Kākāpō
1850:Tomtit
1819:tauhou
1773:Pūkeko
1710:Kererū
1691:kōtare
1619:weweia
1595:pāteke
1583:pipipi
1545:Common
1414:
1267:
1178:29 May
1129:
1082:4 July
847:
839:
771:4 July
654:stoats
608:. The
553:larvae
484:Nelson
409:Pigeon
254:family
218:
3091:72772
3014:IRMNG
2967:weka1
2962:eBird
2954:3F6WY
2941:weka1
2938:BOW:
2931:78676
2803:Birds
2774:poūwa
2525:birds
2419:Toroa
2407:birds
2380:tāiko
2363:papua
2351:parea
2322:tōrea
2305:toroa
2281:birds
2266:mōhua
2230:tīeke
2218:tīeke
2002:hoiho
1966:roroa
1942:roroa
1930:birds
1831:tōrea
1715:Pipit
1547:birds
1492:(PDF)
1408:(PDF)
1206:(PDF)
1027:. In
1008:(PDF)
993:(PDF)
845:S2CID
680:Māori
593:Nests
449:near
320:named
316:Māori
31:Weka
3068:weka
3058:9125
3053:NCBI
3040:IUCN
3027:ITIS
2988:GBIF
2926:BOLD
2728:moho
2568:Huia
2254:hihi
2116:Kākā
2092:whio
2080:kakī
2031:Weka
1978:rowi
1884:tara
1500:2007
1412:ISBN
1388:2010
1362:2010
1340:2010
1318:2010
1296:2010
1265:ISBN
1244:2010
1222:2024
1180:2016
1155:2010
1127:ISBN
1110:2010
1084:2020
1061:2010
975:2016
943:link
929:2010
903:2010
876:2012
837:PMID
794:2022
773:2020
747:2021
730:2018
621:and
557:wētā
510:and
474:The
427:and
415:(in
411:and
384:and
287:eggs
251:rail
229:weka
227:The
129:Aves
3006:436
2975:EoL
2949:CoL
2874:ADW
2578:Moa
2121:Kea
1862:Tūī
964:doi
829:doi
734:doi
683:iwi
648:by
486:to
325:by
260:to
235:or
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3127::
3114::
3101::
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3055::
3042::
3029::
3016::
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1679:ōi
1378:.
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1208:.
1171:.
1145:.
1118:^
1100:.
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999:.
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2101:(
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1999:(
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1987:(
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1975:(
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1963:(
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1951:(
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23:.
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