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487:, which covered rubber boots of all kinds including wellingtons and overboots. This 107-page official publication addressed contemporary concerns about unfair pricing of rubber footwear manufactured in the UK or imported from overseas. The appendices include lists of rubber footwear manufacturers and price-lists of each company's range of wellington boots available in the mid-1950s.
338:. The resulting new boot was fabricated in soft calfskin leather, had the trim removed and was cut to fit more closely around the leg. The heels were low cut, stacked around an inch (2.5 centimetres), and the boot stopped at mid-calf. It was suitably hard-wearing for riding, yet smart enough for informal evening wear. The boot was dubbed the
374:, they remained the main fashion for men through the 1840s. In the 1850s they were more commonly made in the calf-high version, and in the 1860s they were both superseded by the ankle boot, except for riding. Wellington is one of the two British Prime Ministers to have given his name to an item of clothing, the other being
445:
By the end of the war in 1945, the
Wellington had become popular among men, women and children for wet weather wear. The boot had developed to become far roomier with a thick sole and rounded toe. Also, with the rationing of that time, labourers began to use them for daily work.
466:
The lower cost and ease of rubber "Wellington" boot manufacture, and being entirely waterproof, lent itself immediately to being the preferred protective material to leather in all forms of industry. Increased attention to occupational health and safety requirements led to the
866:
Christopher
Breward, “Men in Heels: From Power to Perversity,” in Shoes: Pleasure and Pain, ed. Helen Persson (London: V&A Publishing, 2015), 137; Matthew McCormack, “Boots, Material Culture and Georgian Masculinities,” Social History 42, no. 4 (2017):
225:
and middle class in the early 19th century. The name was subsequently given to waterproof rubber boots and they are no longer associated with a particular class. They are now commonly used for a range of agricultural and outdoors pursuits.
471:
or steel-capped
Wellington: a protective (commonly internal) toe-capping to protect the foot from crush and puncture injuries. Although traditionally made of steel, the reinforcement may be a composite or a plastic material such as
476:(TPU). Such steel-toe Wellingtons are nearly indispensable in an enormous range of industry and are often mandatory wear to meet local occupational health and safety legislation or insurance requirements.
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438:, Hunter Boot was again requested to supply vast quantities of Wellington and thigh boots. 80% of production was of war materials, from (rubber) ground sheets to life belts and gas masks. In the
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as they had been for generations, the introduction of the wholly waterproof, Wellington-type rubber boot became an instant success: farmers would be able to come back home with clean, dry feet.
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Wellington's utilitarian new boots quickly caught on with patriotic
British gentlemen eager to emulate their war hero. Considered fashionable and foppish in the best circles and worn by
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to construct a boot suitable for such conditions. The mills ran day and night to produce immense quantities of these trench boots. In total, 1,185,036 pairs were made to meet the
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and the name has stuck in
English ever since. In the 1815 portrait by James Lonsdale, the Duke can be seen wearing the more formal Hessian style boots, which are
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in 1955, gradually became a shorthand for "country life" in the UK. In 1980, sales of their boots skyrocketed after Lady Diana
Spencer (future
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http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20111202181215/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1950_1959/015footware.htm
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and there is speculation that some early emigrants to
Australia, remembering the battle, may have confused a different design the
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process for natural rubber. Hutchinson bought the patent to manufacture footwear and moved to France to establish
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are both derived from the rubber modern
Wellington boots are made from, with the term "gum" coming from
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issue rubber boots to all soldiers for use in wet conditions and during the winter with felt liners.
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Before its entry into the mobile phone business, rubber boots were among the best-known products of
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498:) was pictured wearing a pair on the Balmoral estate during her courtship with Prince Charles.
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Wellington boots in contemporary usage are waterproof and are most often made from rubber or
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390:, and William Gladstone (four times prime minister between 1868 and 1894) gave his to the
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522:("At the Eagle") in 1853, to honour his home country. Today the company is simply called
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and a requirement for footwear suitable for the conditions in Europe's flooded and muddy
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instructed his shoemaker, Hoby of St. James's Street, London, to modify the 18th-century
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are more commonly used in
American English. Further, in American English, the term
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Production of the
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is sometimes used to specifically refer to Wellington boots with a more
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Rubber Hacks and Compromises: Notes from Lab, Field, and Factory Floor
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56:"Gumboots" and "Gumboot" redirect here. For the Paul Simon song, see
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880:, London: HMSO, 1956. Full text retrieved on 22 February 2019 at
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Wellington boots were at first made of leather. However, in 1852
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766:"What Do Americans Call Wellies? (Inc Wellies History)"
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and Newport short and tall rubber sailing wellingtons
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940:. Telegraph.co.uk. 16 February 2016. Archived from
95:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
876:Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Commission,
666:wrote a poem to a pair of Blucher Boots in 1890.
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878:Report on the Supply of Certain Rubber Footwear
485:Report on the Supply of Certain Rubber Footwear
481:Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Commission
213:Originally a type of leather boot adapted from
1012:"'To a Pair of Blucher Boots' by Henry Lawson"
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914:. The Telegraph. 17 June 2015. Archived from
912:"These were the boots that shaped the world"
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273:, with the term being occasionally used in
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898:"Will Kate kick off a war of the Wellies?"
662:developed by Blucher. The Australian poet
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846:"James Lonsdale's portrait of Wellington"
155:Learn how and when to remove this message
2284:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
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414:. The North British Rubber Company (now
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240:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
219:Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
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24:This is an accepted version of this page
1044:Rubber Boots: Understanding an Industry
14:
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1064:, NorthStar Rubber Specialties, L.L.C.
1050:, NorthStar Rubber Specialties, L.L.C.
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490:Green Wellington boots, introduced by
2314:History of clothing (Western fashion)
1176:Spectator shoes (Co-respondent shoes)
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848:. Gac.culture.gov.uk. 25 January 2019
322:, 1815. Here he is portrayed wearing
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795:"A Brief History of the Rain Boot"
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764:Tuft, Karen (30 March 2022).
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31:latest accepted revision
964:"Finnish Footwear Sale"
394:, the classic doctor's
51:Type of waterproof boot
1637:Sport-related footwear
1209:Prince Albert slippers
990:"Gummistövlar M/90 /K"
825:New Zealand Geographic
637:Finnish Defence Forces
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187:, and also known as a
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793:University, Yeshiva.
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384:Sir Winston Churchill
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277:. Instead, the terms
183:, often shortened to
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2309:21st-century fashion
2304:20th-century fashion
2299:19th-century fashion
1714:Mountaineering boots
1240:High-heeled footwear
1219:Venetian-style shoes
944:on 11 September 2007
918:on 17 November 2015.
738:The Fashiongton Post
641:Swedish Armed Forces
542:Clockwise from top:
516:sulfur vulcanisation
89:improve this article
2253:List of shoe styles
1997:Historical footwear
1583:Over-the-knee boots
1373:Cantabrian albarcas
418:) was asked by the
386:gave his name to a
21:Page version status
2279:British inventions
2105:Blake construction
1949:Peshawari chappals
1910:Kolhapuri chappals
1112:Abandoned footwear
970:. 28 November 1989
740:. 3 September 2022
734:"Wellington Boots"
656:Battle of Waterloo
626:
600:. You can help by
564:polyvinyl chloride
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479:In July 1956, the
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356:Wellington boots,
332:Duke of Wellington
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2118:
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2113:
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2110:Goodyear welt
2108:
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2100:Bespoke shoes
2098:
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2004:Areni-1 shoes
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1872:Hnyat-phanats
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1794:Folk footwear
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1744:Roller skates
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1699:Kung fu shoes
1697:
1695:
1694:Inline skates
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1669:Cycling shoes
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1614:Jodhpur boots
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1559:
1558:Chelsea boots
1556:
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1553:
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1550:Fashion boots
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1368:British clogs
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1199:
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1196:Slip-on shoes
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1181:Winklepickers
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938:The Telegraph
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819:Sole, Steve.
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711:Welly wanging
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596:This section
594:
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427:
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421:
417:
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409:
399:
397:
393:
392:Gladstone Bag
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:Beau Brummell
369:
355:
351:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
326:Hessian boots
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
294:
292:
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284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
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245:
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237:
227:
224:
220:
216:
215:Hessian boots
211:
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186:
182:
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159:
156:
148:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106: –
105:
101:
100:Find sources:
94:
90:
84:
83:
78:This article
76:
72:
67:
66:
61:
60:
54:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
2261:
2148:Kitten heels
1754:Safari boots
1739:Roller shoes
1734:Riding boots
1729:Racing shoes
1724:Racing flats
1684:Hiking boots
1649:Ballet shoes
1624:Ballet boots
1618:
1568:Chukka boots
1562:Beatle boots
1530:Rigger boots
1506:Cowboy boots
1480:Trench boots
1475:Tanker boots
1470:Jungle boots
1455:Combat boots
1265:Saddle shoes
1235:Ballet flats
1057:
1043:
1020:. Retrieved
1016:the original
1006:
994:. Retrieved
984:
972:. Retrieved
967:
958:
946:. Retrieved
942:the original
937:
931:
924:
916:the original
906:
877:
872:
862:
850:. Retrieved
840:
828:. Retrieved
824:
814:
802:. Retrieved
798:
773:. Retrieved
769:
742:. Retrieved
737:
664:Henry Lawson
660:Blucher shoe
650:
634:
627:
606:
602:adding to it
597:
561:
556:Helly-Hansen
528:wooden clogs
519:
505:
502:Construction
489:
484:
478:
465:
444:
436:World War II
433:
430:World War II
426:'s demands.
424:British Army
405:
365:
339:
336:Hessian boot
329:
286:
282:
278:
266:
262:
260:
251:
247:
246:. The terms
244:Hessian boot
235:
233:
212:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
178:
173:polyurethane
151:
142:
132:
125:
118:
111:
99:
87:Please help
82:verification
79:
58:
53:
38:
29:This is the
23:
2193:Dress socks
2188:Bobby socks
2153:Spool heels
2143:Clear heels
2115:Shoe buckle
2059:Lotus shoes
1867:Haferlschuh
1842:Espadrilles
1779:Water shoes
1759:Skate shoes
1573:Go-go boots
1485:Munson Last
1450:Bunny boots
1283:Other shoes
1204:Court shoes
1138:Dress shoes
568:halogenated
550:, Jeantex,
440:Netherlands
408:World War I
402:World War I
396:portmanteau
361: 1845
291:fashionable
279:rubber boot
252:rubber boot
238:comes from
223:aristocracy
193:rubber boot
2268:Categories
2203:Knee highs
2135:High heels
2064:Pampooties
1827:Bast shoes
1812:Alpargatas
1689:Ice skates
1654:Boat shoes
1465:Jump boots
1340:Veldskoens
1295:Flip-flops
1270:Slingbacks
1245:Mary Janes
1122:Shoemaking
821:"Gumboots"
799:Treehugger
717:References
686:Mackintosh
548:Le Chameau
420:War Office
370:, such as
340:Wellington
261:The terms
256:gum rubber
201:waterproof
115:newspapers
2228:Toe socks
2208:Pantyhose
2198:Footwraps
2120:Shoelaces
2084:Turnshoes
2074:Poulaines
2024:Carbatina
1959:Tsarouchi
1954:Snowshoes
1915:Moccasins
1764:Ski boots
1719:Plimsolls
1598:Ugg boots
1523:Jika-tabi
1516:Hip boots
1460:Jackboots
1186:Wholecuts
1127:Shoe size
635:Both the
609:July 2024
566:(PVC), a
520:Ă€ l'Aigle
469:steel toe
382:) whilst
344:tasselled
324:tasselled
283:rain boot
234:The term
197:rain boot
145:July 2011
2218:Stocking
2069:Pigaches
2054:Hessians
2039:Chopines
1974:Valenkis
1877:Huarache
1774:Swimfins
1769:Sneakers
1749:Sabatons
1679:Ghillies
1438:Military
1393:Namaksin
1325:Slippers
1300:Galoshes
1100:Footwear
681:Galoshes
670:See also
639:and the
554:, Gill,
450:Post-war
412:trenches
316:Waterloo
293:design.
206:made of
35:reviewed
2183:Anklets
2176:Hosiery
2125:Toe box
2019:Caligae
2009:Buskins
1964:Takunya
1925:Mukluks
1920:Mojaris
1847:Furlane
1822:Balghas
1817:Avarcas
1807:Abarkas
1422:Träskor
1412:Pattens
1407:Padukas
1388:Klompen
1329:Uwabaki
1310:Sandals
1228:Women's
1214:Loafers
1171:Oxfords
1151:Brogues
1146:Blucher
1022:17 July
996:17 July
974:17 July
948:17 July
867:475–478
852:17 July
575:puddles
571:polymer
368:dandies
302:Origins
297:History
267:gumboot
248:gumboot
189:gumboot
171:Modern
129:scholar
2223:Tights
2163:Wedges
2014:Calcei
1981:Waraji
1969:Upanah
1944:Opanci
1930:Nalins
1905:Kamiks
1900:Jorabs
1893:Jipsin
1852:Galesh
1832:Ciocie
1802:Abacas
1540:Waders
1320:Slides
1250:Mojari
830:1 July
804:1 July
775:1 July
744:1 July
534:Design
208:rubber
131:
124:
117:
110:
102:
2274:Boots
2079:Socci
1937:Okobo
1862:Giveh
1837:Clogs
1607:Other
1431:Boots
1417:Sabot
1400:Okobo
1378:Clogs
1363:Bakya
1255:Mules
1166:Monks
1161:Derby
1062:(PDF)
1048:(PDF)
630:Nokia
552:Aigle
524:Aigle
388:cigar
378:(see
354:Dress
318:. By
230:Names
195:, or
185:welly
136:JSTOR
122:books
2235:Tabi
2213:Sock
1988:ZĹŤri
1857:Geta
1494:Work
1383:Geta
1345:ZĹŤri
1117:Shoe
1024:2019
998:2019
976:2019
950:2019
854:2019
832:2024
806:2024
777:2024
746:2024
510:met
330:The
310:The
281:and
265:and
250:and
204:boot
108:news
1884:Hwa
604:.
581:Use
434:In
314:at
91:by
37:on
2270::
966:.
936:.
889:^
823:.
797:.
785:^
768:.
754:^
736:.
725:^
632:.
546:,
398:.
358:c.
346:.
258:.
210:.
191:,
179:A
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1560:(
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1327:(
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1000:.
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952:.
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884:.
856:.
834:.
808:.
779:.
748:.
611:)
607:(
158:)
152:(
147:)
143:(
133:·
126:·
119:·
112:·
85:.
62:.
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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