Werner von Blomberg

1037: 1303: 33: 419: 991:, to the point that in February 1934 Hammerstein finally resigned in despair, as his powers had become more nominal than real. With Hammerstein's resignation, the entire Schleicher faction that had dominated the army since 1926 had been removed from their positions within the High Command. Wheeler-Bennett commented that as a military politician Blomberg was every bit as ruthless, as Schleicher had been. The resignation of Hammerstein caused a crisis in military-civil relations when Hitler attempted to appoint as his successor Reichenau, a man who was not acceptable to the majority of the 4361: 401: 377: 3315: 3320: 3325: 3310: 927:

back to Prussian times under which the military did not take orders from the civilian government, headed by the chancellor, but co-existed as an equal alongside the civilian government because of its allegiance only to the head of state, not the chancellor, who was the head of government. Until 1918, the head of state had been the emperor, and since 1925, it had been Hindenburg himself. Defending the military "state within the state" and trying to reconcile the military to the Nazis was to be one of Blomberg's major concerns as a defense minister.

2100: 2127: 351: 4317: 389: 4397: 1470: 688:, requiring full mobilization of German society and economy by the state, and that a totalitarian state would best prepare society in peacetime, militarily and economically, for war. As most of Nazi Germany's military elite, Blomberg took for granted that, for Germany to achieve the world power that it had unsuccessfully sought in the First World War would require another war, and that such a war would be total war of a highly mechanized, industrial type. 1139:

Hitler had decided to do. On 25 June 1934, the military was placed in a state of alert, and on 28 June, Röhm was expelled from the League of German Officers. The decision to expel Röhm was part of Blomberg's effort to maintain the "honor" of the German military. Röhm being executed as a traitor from the League would besmirch the honor of the reputation of the League in general. The same thinking later led to those officers involved in the

4632: 4446: 4615: 4587: 1213:. That led Blomberg to warn Hitler the military would not tolerate being spied upon. In response to Blomberg's protests, Hitler gave orders that the SS could not spy upon the military, no member of the military could be arrested by the police, and cases of suspected "political unreliability" in the military were to be investigated solely by the 1127:, was chosen to inform Hitler of that decision on the president's behalf. When Hitler arrived at Hindenburg's estate at Neudeck on 21 June 1934, he was greeted by Blomberg on the steps leading into the estate. Wheeler-Bennett wrote that Hitler was faced with "a von Blomberg no longer the affable 'Rubber Lion' or the adoring ' 1365:, and if a Franco–German war broke out, Britain was almost certain to intervene rather than risk the prospect of France's defeat. Moreover, it was objected that Hitler's assumption was flawed that Britain and France would just ignore the projected wars because they had started their rearmament later than Germany had. 873:—recalled Blomberg from the World Disarmament Conference to return to Berlin. Upon learning of this, Schleicher guessed correctly that the order to recall Blomberg to Berlin meant his own government was doomed. When Blomberg arrived at the railroad station in Berlin on 28 January 1933, he was met by two officers, 1383:

Göring and Himmler found an opportunity to strike against Blomberg in January 1938, when the 59-year-old general married his second wife, Erna Gruhn (1913–1978, sometimes referred to as "Eva" or "Margarete"). Blomberg had been a widower since the death of his first wife, Charlotte, in 1932. Gruhn was

1368:

Accordingly, Fritsch, Blomberg and Neurath advised Hitler to wait until Germany had more time to rearm before pursuing a high-risk strategy of localized wars that was likely to trigger a general war before Germany was ready. None of those present at the conference had any moral objections to Hitler's

754:

was cut off from the rest of Germany and had only one infantry division stationed there, Blomberg—to increase the number of fighting men in the event of a war with Poland—started to make lists of all the men fit for military service, which further increased the attraction of a totalitarian state able

1022:

would be the main military force, and the SA was to remain a political organization. Despite the ruling, Röhm continued to press for a greater role for the SA. In March 1934, Blomberg and Röhm began openly fighting each other at cabinet meetings and exchanging insults and threats. As a result of his

926:

Blomberg was chosen personally by Hindenburg as a man he trusted to safeguard the interests of the Defense Ministry and could be expected to work well with Hitler. Above all, Hindenburg saw Blomberg as a man who would safeguard the German military's traditional "state within the state" status dating

888:

Over and despite Kuntzen's protests, Blomberg chose to go with Hindenburg to meet the president, who swore him in as defense minister. This was done in a manner contrary to the Weimar constitution, under which the president could only swear in a minister after receiving the advice of the chancellor.

1402:

to Blomberg at the wedding, used the file to argue Blomberg was unfit to serve as a war minister. Göring then informed Hitler, who had been present at the wedding. Hitler ordered Blomberg to annul the marriage to avoid a scandal and to preserve the integrity of the army. The upcoming wedding of one

1134:

Blomberg bluntly informed Hitler that Hindenburg was highly displeased with the recent developments and was seriously considering dismissing Hitler as chancellor if he did not rein in the SA at once. When Hitler met Hindenburg, the latter insisted for Blomberg to attend the meeting as a sign of his

1002:

Far more serious than dealing with the followers of Schleicher was Blomberg's relations with the SA. He was resolutely opposed to any effort to subject the military to the control of the Nazi Party or that of any of its affiliated organizations such as the SA or the SS, and throughout his time as a

1448:

decided that Blomberg needed to commit suicide to atone for his marriage, and dispatched an officer to Italy, who followed the Blombergs around on their honeymoon and persistently and unsuccessfully tried to force Blomberg to commit suicide. The officer at one point even tried to force a gun into

1204:

repeatedly insisted that the SS needed a military wing to crush any attempt at a communist revolution before Blomberg conceded in the idea, which eventually become the Waffen-SS. Blomberg's relations with the SS were badly strained in late 1934 to early 1935 when it was discovered that the SS had

1087:

members who could be considered Jewish without being ordered to do so was an excellent way to demonstrate loyalty within the Nazi regime. As both the Army and the Navy had longstanding policies of refusing to accept Jews, there were no Jews to purge within the military. Instead, Blomberg used the

1279:

and Faupel, Blomberg argued against Faupel that an all-out German drive for victory in Spain would be too likely to cause a general war before Germany had rearmed properly. He stated that even if otherwise, it would consume money better spent on military modernization. Blomberg prevailed against

1138:

Blomberg was aware of least in general of the purge that Hitler began planning after the Neudeck meeting. The conversations between Blomberg and Hitler in late June 1934 were generally not recorded, which makes it difficult to determine how much Blomberg knew, but he was definitely aware of what

721:

The French planned to withdraw from the Rhineland in June 1930 – five years earlier than specified by the Treaty of Versailles – and Schleicher wanted no violations of the Treaty that might seem to threaten France before French troops left the Rhineland. When Blomberg, whom Schleicher personally

1095:

to submit documents to their officers and that anyone who was a "non-Aryan" or refused to submit documents would be dishonorably discharged. As a result, seven officers, eight officer cadets, 13 NCOs and 28 privates from the Army, and three officers, four officer candidates, three NCOs and four

1481:. He faced the contempt of his former colleagues and the intention of his young wife to abandon him. It is possible that he manifested symptoms of cancer as early as 1939. On 12 October 1945, he noted in his diary that he weighed slightly over 72 kilograms (159 lb). He was diagnosed with 1154:

ever since he had been outed in 1925 after the publication in a newspaper of his love letters to a former boyfriend. Wheeler-Bennett found highly implausible Blomberg's claim that a homosexual would not be allowed to be a member of the League of German Officers. On 29 June 1934, an article by

813:

they would be already half-converted into soldiers while at the same time making it clear that control of military matters would rest solely with the generals. In 1931, he visited the US, where he openly proclaimed his belief in the certainty and the benefits of a Nazi government for Germany.

1122:

from 30 June to 2 July 1934. In early June, Hindenburg decided that unless Hitler did something to end the growing political tension in Germany, he would declare martial law and turn over control of the government to the army. Blomberg, who had been known to oppose the growing power of the

923:, loathed each other, their feud was purely personal, not political, and in all essentials, Blomberg and Schleicher had identical views on foreign and defense policies. Their dispute was simply over who was best qualified to carry out the policies, not the policies themselves. 808:

as Germany's main military force. Blomberg, like almost all German generals, envisioned a future Nazi-Army relationship where the Nazis would indoctrinate ordinary people with the right sort of ultra-nationalist, militarist values so that when young German men joined the

1074:

wrote that Blomberg's anti-Semitic purge in early 1934 was part of his increasingly-savage feud with Röhm, who since the summer of 1933 had been drawing unfavorable comparisons between the "racial purity" of his SA, which had no members with "Jewish" blood, and the

1407:. Blomberg refused to end his marriage but when Göring threatened to make public the pasts of Erna Gruhn and her mother, Blomberg was forced to resign his posts to prevent that, which he did on 27 January 1938. His daughter was married in May the same year. 1056:, enacted in April 1933, had excluded Jews who were First World War veterans and did not apply to the military. Thereby, Blomberg's discharge order was his way of circumventing the law and went beyond what even the Nazis then wanted. The German historian 914:

In 1933, Blomberg rose to national prominence when he was appointed Minister of Defense in Hitler's government. Blomberg became one of Hitler's most devoted followers and worked feverishly to expand the size and the power of the army. Blomberg was made a

1088:

Nazi racial definition of a Jew in his purge. None of the men given dishonorable discharges themselves practiced Judaism, but they were the sons or grandsons of Jews who had converted to Christianity and thus were considered to be "racially" Jewish.

1117:

Blomberg had a reputation as something of a lackey to Hitler. As such, he was nicknamed "Rubber Lion" by some of his critics in the army who were less than enthusiastic about Hitler. One of the few notable exceptions was during the run-up to the

1026:

To defend the military "state within the state", Blomberg followed a strategy of Nazifying the military more and more in a paradoxical effort to persuade Hitler that it was not necessary to end the traditional "state within the state" to prevent

799:

Blomberg's interactions with the SA in East Prussia led him to the conclusion that Nazis made for excellent soldiers, which further increased the appeal of Nazism for him. But at the same time, Blomberg saw the SA only as a junior partner to the

934:. On 20 July 1933, Blomberg had a new Army Law passed, which ended the jurisdiction of civil courts over the military and extinguished the theoretical right for the military to elect councils although that right, despite being guaranteed by the 1193:

The intention of Blomberg and Reichenau in having the military swear an oath to Hitler was to create a personal special bond between Hitler and the military, which was intended to tie Hitler more tightly towards the military and away from the

1384:

a 24-year-old typist and secretary (Blomberg was 59), but the Berlin police had a long criminal file on her and her mother, a former prostitute. Among the reports was information that Erna Gruhn had posed for pornographic photos in 1932.

1014:, a prospect that Blomberg was determined to prevent at all costs. In December 1933, he made clear to Hitler his displeasure about Röhm being appointed to the Cabinet. In February 1934, when Röhm penned a memo about the SA absorbing the 742:

policy of denying everything, and was shocked to see Schleicher instead attack him in front of Groener as a man who had recklessly exposed Germany to the risk of providing the French with an excuse to remain in the Rhineland until 1935.

713:

would stockpile arms in secret depots and begin training volunteers beyond the limits imposed by the Treaty of Versailles in the eastern parts of Germany bordering Poland; in order to avoid incidents with France, there was to be no such

1198:. Blomberg later admitted that he had not thought the full implications of the oath at the time. As part of his defense of the military "state within the state", Blomberg fought against the attempts of the SS to create a military wing. 1189:

On the other hand, Hitler had long expected Hindenburg's death and had planned on taking power anyhow and so could he have very well convinced Von Blomberg to implement such an oath long before the actual implementation took place.

1149:

Wheeler-Bennett wrote that the fact that Blomberg instigated the expulsion of Röhm from the League just two days before Röhm was arrested on charges of high treason proved he knew what was coming. Röhm had been quite open about his

853:

to crush popular opposition. In doing so, the military would have to kill hundreds, if not thousands of German civilians; any régime established in this way could never expect to build the national consensus necessary to create the

889:

Hindenburg had not consulted Schleicher about his wish to see Blomberg replace him as defense minister because in late January 1933, there were wild (and untrue) rumors circulating in Berlin that Schleicher was planning to stage a

675:

from the mid-1920s onwards the Army leaders had developed and propagated new social conceptions of a militarist kind, tending towards a fusion of the military and civilian sectors and ultimately a totalitarian military state

1239:), a title no other German officer had ever held. Hitler remained the Supreme Commander of the military in his capacity as Head of State, the Führer of Germany. On 20 April 1936, the loyal Blomberg became the first 881:, adjutant and son of President Hindenburg. Kuntzen had orders from Hammerstein for Blomberg to report at once to the Defense Ministry, while Oskar von Hindenburg had orders for Blomberg to report directly to the 1100:, who complained that Blomberg had ruined the careers of 70 men for something that was not their fault, there were no objections. Again, on his own initiative as part of "self-Gleichschaltung", Blomberg had the 777:, his support for the Nazis being motivated by his belief that only a dictatorship could make Germany a great military power again, and that the Nazis were the best party to establish a dictatorship in Germany. 825:

where, during his time as the German chief military delegate, he not only continued his pro-Nazi remarks to the press, but used his status as Germany's chief military delegate to communicate his views to

1299:, and concurrently the chief of all police forces of Germany, who conspired to oust him from power. Göring, in particular, had ambitions of becoming Commander-in-Chief himself of the entire military. 610: 4687: 1164:

In the same year, after Hindenburg's death on 2 August, as part of his "self-Gleichschaltung" strategy, Blomberg personally ordered all soldiers in the army and all sailors in the Navy to pledge the

684:

Blomberg's visit to the Soviet Union in 1928 confirmed his view that totalitarian power fosters the greatest military power. Blomberg believed the next world war, as the previous one, would become a

1064: 1410:

Keitel, who would be promoted to the rank of field marshal in 1940, and Blomberg's former right-hand man would be appointed by Hitler as the Chief of the OKW of the Armed Forces.

4747: 4732: 995:. Blomberg supported the attempt to appoint Reichenau, but reflecting the power of the "state within the state", certain Army officers appealed to Hindenburg, which led to 1040:

War minister and OKW commander Werner von Blomberg followed by the three armed forces chiefs inspects a parade in honor of the 40th anniversary of his joining the army.

4717: 1186:. The entire military took the oath to Hitler, who was most surprised at the offer. Thus, the popular view that Hitler imposed the oath on the military is incorrect. 1053: 987:

wrote about the "ruthless" way that Blomberg set about isolating and undermining the power of the army commander-in-chief, a close associate of Schleicher, General

1318:

occurred. At the conference, Hitler stated that it was the time for war or, more accurately wars, as what Hitler envisioned would be a series of localized wars in

1359:, that any German aggression in Eastern Europe was bound to trigger a war against France because of the French alliance system in Eastern Europe, the so-called 4297: 4737: 906:

as Chancellor, after telling him that Blomberg was to be his defense minister regardless of his wishes. Hitler for his part welcomed and accepted Blomberg.

1018:

to become the new military force, Blomberg informed Hitler that the Army would never accept it under any conditions. On 28 February 1934, Hitler ruled the

4727: 3731: 1395:

with the file on the new Mrs. Blomberg. Helldorff said he was uncertain about what to do. Keitel told Helldorf to take the file to Göring, which he did.

2616: 2569: 4677: 941:

Blomberg's first act as defense minister was to carry out a purge of the officers associated with his hated archenemy, Schleicher. Blomberg sacked

4001: 1036: 4697: 3658: 792:

forces. Blomberg had excellent relations with the SA at this time, which led to the SA serving by 1931 as an unofficial militia backing up the

93: 4707: 4682: 3571: 1252:

In December 1936, a crisis was created within the German decision-making machinery when General Wilhelm Faupel, the chief German officer in

858:. The military had decided that Hitler alone was capable of peacefully creating the national consensus that would allow the creation of the 1302: 4667: 1096:

sailors from the Navy were dishonorably discharged, together with four civilian employees of the Defense Ministry. With the exception of

527:

of the German Armed Forces. In this capacity, Blomberg played a central role in Germany's military build-up during the years leading to

4290: 1361: 1023:

increasingly-heated feud with Röhm, Blomberg warned Hitler that he must curb the ambitions of the SA, or the Army would do so itself.

4742: 726:

to areas bordering France, Schleicher in August 1929 leaked to the press that Blomberg had attended armed maneuvers by volunteers in

1314:

On 5 November 1937, the conference between the Reich's top military–foreign policy leadership and Hitler recorded in the so-called

1249:

to the remaining non-Nazi members of the cabinet, including Blomberg, and enrolled him in the Party (membership number 3,805,226).

1403:

of Blomberg's daughters, Dorothea, would have been threatened by scandal. She was engaged to Karl-Heinz Keitel, the eldest son of

32: 1104:

in May 1934 adopt Nazi symbols into their uniforms. In 1935, Blomberg worked hard to ensure that the Wehrmacht complied with the

3835: 1424:, the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, of being a homosexual. Hitler used these opportunities for a major reorganization of the 4283: 2903: 2851: 2817: 2696: 2649: 2528:(1998). "Complicity or Entanglement? The Wehrmacht, the War and the Holocaust". In Berenbaum, Michael; Peck, Abraham (eds.). 216: 2592: 2541:

Geyer, Michael (1983). "Etudes in Political History: Reichswehr, NSDAP and the Seizure of Power". In Stachura, Peter (ed.).

4702: 2959: 1485:

on 20 February 1946. Resigned to his fate and gripped by depression, he spent the final weeks of his life refusing to eat.

1245:

appointed by Hitler. On 30 January 1937 to mark the fourth anniversary of the Nazi regime, Hitler personally presented the

1135:

confidence in the Defense Minister. The meeting lasted half-an-hour, and Hindenburg repeated the threat to dismiss Hitler.

4603: 3685: 3246: 2836: 2770: 930:

Blomberg was an ardent supporter of the Nazi regime and cooperated with it in many capacities, including serving on the

869:

In late January 1933, President Hindenburg—without informing the chancellor, Schleicher, or the army commander, General

591:

In 1920, Blomberg was appointed chief of staff of the Döberitz Brigade; in 1921, he was appointed chief of staff of the

350: 2789: 2602: 4050: 3983: 2873: 4692: 3564: 3009: 2923: 2715: 2581: 2559: 2458: 4722: 4306: 3136: 3128: 3113: 3099: 731: 47: 3487: 1388: 3824: 2734: 1178:, which is thought to have limited later opposition to Hitler. The oath was the initiative of Blomberg and the 667:) which, beginning in the mid-1920s, became increasingly popular with military officers. The German historian 4712: 882: 780:

Because he had the command of only one infantry division in East Prussia, Blomberg depended very strongly on

845:. By late January 1933, it was clear that the Schleicher government could only stay in power by proclaiming 770: 4672: 3557: 3389: 3224: 2319: 1044:

In February 1934, Blomberg, on his own initiative, had all of the men considered to be Jews serving in the

818: 4041: 3797: 3379: 3348: 3208: 2998: 2955: 1429: 1378: 1146:

to be dishonorably discharged before they were tried for treason as a way of upholding military "honor."

1069: 988: 575: 506: 424: 180: 4577: 4547: 4532: 4428: 4068: 4021: 3629: 3606: 3155: 1348:

made it imperative to act before the Western powers developed an insurmountable lead in the arms race.

738:

called Blomberg to Berlin to explain himself. Blomberg expected Schleicher to stick to the traditional

138: 100: 76: 3366: 4522: 3020: 837:

In his reports to Hindenburg, Blomberg wrote that his arch-rival Schleicher's attempts to create the

564: 452: 4477: 814:

Blomberg's first wife Charlotte died on 11 May 1932, leaving him with two sons and three daughters.

4621: 1119: 3851: 1157: 4174: 3472: 3404: 3374: 3239: 1128: 874: 796:. Many generals saw East Prussia as an model for future Army-Nazi co-operation all over Germany. 456: 248: 2197: 4126: 3883: 3876: 3213: 3034: 1454: 1352: 1326:

in the near future. Hitler argued that because the wars were necessary to provide Germany with

1261: 1049: 970: 954: 931: 899:

by Schleicher, Hindenburg wanted to remove Schleicher as defense minister as soon as possible.

4638: 2727:

The Army, Politics and Society in Germany, 1933–1945: Studies in the Army's Relation to Nazism

784:

to increase the number of fighting men available. This led him to co-operate closely with the

765:

I, the military district which comprised East Prussia, Blomberg fell under the influence of a

539:, presented Hitler with evidence that his wife had posed in the past for pornographic photos. 3593: 3449: 2668: 1183: 4537: 3444: 2684: 2529: 4662: 4657: 4542: 4147: 3933: 3429: 3337: 3256: 3193: 2933: 2860: 1436: 1241: 984: 950: 942: 878: 870: 627: 623: 571: 494: 442: 4057: 3399: 3394: 3314: 1283:

Unfortunately for Blomberg, his position as the ranking officer of Nazi Germany alienated

8: 4552: 4507: 4467: 4348: 3941: 3454: 3319: 3092: 3044: 2525: 1315: 935: 920: 862:, and thus the military successfully brought pressure on Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as 827: 692: 123: 3164: 966: 4472: 4195: 4188: 3439: 3414: 3232: 3060: 2530: 1421: 1356: 1272: 1246: 1230: 1097: 996: 524: 220: 4245: 3309: 1267:

At a conference held at the Reich Chancellery on 21 December 1936 attended by Hitler,

831: 3990: 3510: 3477: 2919: 2899: 2832: 2813: 2785: 2766: 2730: 2711: 2692: 2680: 2645: 2598: 2577: 2555: 2454: 1482: 1369:

strategy with which they basically agreed; only the question of timing divided them.

1260:

as the only way for victory. That was strongly opposed by the Foreign Minister Baron

1257: 1161:, stating that the military was behind Hitler and would support him whatever he did. 1033:

being imposed by engaging in what can be called a process of "self-Gleichschaltung".

653:

This was part of a broader shift on the part of the German military to the idea of a

567:

in 1904. In April 1904, he married Charlotte Hellmich. The couple had five children.

330: 258: 4497: 4091: 3779: 3694: 3634: 3324: 3295: 2745: 2203:. Office of United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality. 1946 1284: 1268: 1003:

minister, he fought fiercely to protect the institutional autonomy of the military.

757: 584: 532: 477: 4591: 4527: 4517: 4433: 4250: 4105: 3908: 3844: 3758: 3740: 3424: 1458: 1292: 1276: 1201: 536: 3926: 2532:

The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed and the Reexamined

4557: 4343: 4322: 4140: 4010: 3772: 3611: 3276: 3183: 2951: 2471:(1999). "Soldiers, Nazis and War in the Third Reich". In Leitz, Christian (ed.). 1307: 1214: 1210: 1029: 735: 614: 596: 560: 520: 498: 394: 3549: 755:

to mobilize an entire society for war to him, and of an ideologically motivated

4482: 4418: 4275: 4202: 4167: 3580: 3384: 3361: 3149: 2612: 1489: 1404: 1392: 1345: 1323: 1319: 1124: 1105: 785: 88: 4512: 4383: 4181: 3529: 773:, who introduced Blomberg to Nazism. Blomberg cared little for Nazi doctrines 4651: 4502: 4462: 4423: 4209: 4084: 3901: 3858: 3806: 3260: 3198: 2978: 2846: 1416: 1220: 1151: 1131:', but embodying all the stern ruthlessness of the Prussian military caste". 1083:

was even more loyal and ideologically sound than was the SA and that purging

1057: 916: 863: 668: 600: 382: 224: 168: 4263: 4133: 3254: 1079:, which had some. Müller wrote that Blomberg wanted to show Hitler that the 1007: 4402: 4366: 4338: 4333: 4258: 4216: 4119: 3965: 3786: 3765: 3719: 3674: 3598: 3534: 3521: 3492: 3482: 3434: 3419: 3409: 3264: 3188: 3077: 1488:

Blomberg died on 13 March 1946. His body was buried without ceremony in an

1450: 1445: 1351:

Of those invited to the conference, objections arose from Foreign Minister

1256:, started to demand the dispatch of three German divisions to fight in the 1140: 903: 751: 702: 654: 647: 639: 528: 502: 406: 1440:

von Blomberg and his wife went on a honeymoon for a year to the island of

1052:. As a result, 74 soldiers lost their jobs for having "Jewish blood". The 841:

had clearly failed, and that Germany needed a new approach to forming the

705:. Early that year, Schleicher had started a policy of "frontier defense" ( 4487: 4413: 4112: 4098: 3712: 3621: 2675:. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 2628: 2468: 2198:"Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Volume V, pp. 543-544, Document 2879-PS" 1493: 1225:

On 21 May 1935, the Ministry of Defense was renamed the Ministry of War (

1166: 980: 846: 579: 531:. However, by 20 January 1938, he was forced to resign after his rivals, 510: 466: 268: 1469: 1428:. Fritsch was later acquitted; together, the events became known as the 4077: 3667: 3171: 3051: 2985: 2829:

The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany: Diplomatic Revolution in Europe

2491:

World War Two from original sources: Handbook on German military forces

1328: 1296: 1195: 975: 801: 766: 761:

as the best way to fight the next war. During his time as commander of

727: 710: 697: 604: 523:. Following the Nazis' rise to power, he was named Minister of War and 515: 145: 4492: 3464: 3287: 3064: 2061: 2059: 1851: 1849: 1478: 1425: 1337: 1288: 1235: 1110: 762: 685: 592: 240: 2642:

Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945

1492:. His remains were later cremated and interred in his residence in 1399: 1155:

Blomberg appeared in the official newspaper of the Nazi Party, the

643: 548: 212: 2782:

Werner von Blomberg: Hitlers erster Feldmarschall: Eine Biographie

2154: 2071: 2056: 2032: 1885: 1846: 1819: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1627: 701:

and was removed from his post and appointed military commander in

4688:

German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States

4451: 2426: 2144: 2142: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 1836: 1834: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1744: 1742: 1729: 1727: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1550: 1333: 919:

for his services in 1933. Although Blomberg and his predecessor,

817:

In 1932, Blomberg served as part of the German delegation to the

552: 244: 2251: 1477:

Blomberg's health declined rapidly while he was in detention at

2402: 2366: 1639: 1341: 891: 822: 563:, Werner von Blomberg joined the army in 1897 and attended the 556: 2378: 2342: 2139: 2083: 2044: 2013: 1989: 1873: 1861: 1831: 1802: 1739: 1724: 1656: 599:

appointed him chief of army training. By 1927, Blomberg was a

4597: 2896:

Hitler and his Generals: The Hidden Crisis, January–June 1938

2500:

A genius for war: the German army and general staff 1807-1945

1615: 1441: 1253: 962: 646:, and left a convinced believer in the value of totalitarian 1449:

Blomberg's hands, but he declined to end his life. Spending

1010:, who made it clear that he wanted to see the SA absorb the 1006:

By the autumn of 1933, Blomberg had come into conflict with

2938:

The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics 1918–1945

2865:

The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics 1918–1945

2763:

Heinrich Bruning and the Dissolution of the Weimar Republic

2227: 2215: 1287:, Hitler's second-in-command and Commander-in-Chief of the 2874:"Von Blomberg Dies in Army Hospital; Dies of Heart Attack" 2414: 2330: 2239: 2001: 1221:

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and Minister of War

3169: 2810:

Sword and Swastika: Generals and Nazis in the Third Reich

2594:

Disobedience and Conspiracy in the German Army, 1918-1945

2275: 2117: 2115: 1914: 1912: 1759: 1757: 1054:

Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service

570:

Graduated from the academy in 1907, Blomberg entered the

902:

Two days later, on 30 January 1933, Hindenburg swore in

804:, and utterly opposed the SA's ambitions to replace the 642:, where he was much impressed by the high status of the 2916:

Hitler and His Generals: Military Conferences 1942–1945

2683:(2011). "Generalfeldmarschall Werner von Blomberg". In 2287: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1714: 1712: 1521: 1295:, the head of the SS, the security organization of the 1264:, who wanted to limit the German involvement in Spain. 4748:

Prisoners who died in United States military detention

2691:(in German) (2nd ed.). Darmstadt: Primus Verlag. 2554:(in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Ediciones Nowtilus, S.L. 2354: 2299: 2112: 1965: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1909: 1754: 1673: 750:

and sent to command a division in East Prussia. Since

746:

As a result, Blomberg was demoted from command of the

4575: 2390: 2263: 2178: 1897: 1685: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1540: 1538: 1536: 2166: 1769: 1709: 1697: 1511: 1509: 1355:, Blomberg and the Army Commander-in-Chief, General 1977: 1953: 1936: 1924: 1574: 2910:, the standard scholarly monograph on the scandal. 2898:. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 78–215. 2872: 2671:(1990). "Foreign Policy and Preparation for War". 1790: 1598: 1586: 1562: 1533: 1060:called the order "an act of proactive obedience". 691:In 1929, Blomberg came into conflict with General 4733:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) 4718:Military personnel from the Province of Pomerania 3579: 2644:. Frankfurt-am-Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag. 1506: 4649: 4305: 979:(the disguised General Staff) and replaced with 2932: 2914:Heiber, Helmut; Glantz, David M., eds. (2005). 2859: 2572:(1989). "Blomberg". In Barnett, Corelli (ed.). 2384: 2348: 2160: 2148: 2094: 2077: 2065: 2050: 2038: 2026: 1995: 1891: 1879: 1867: 1855: 1840: 1825: 1813: 1748: 1733: 1667: 1633: 1621: 1556: 2871: 2545:. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 101–123. 2420: 1387:That was reported to the Berlin police chief, 16:German General Staff officer and field marshal 4291: 3565: 3240: 2952:Newspaper clippings about Werner von Blomberg 2667: 2611: 2372: 2257: 1413:A few days later, Göring and Himmler accused 4738:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun 2913: 2515: 1650: 1414: 834:made him German Supreme Commander in Chief. 158:27 January 1927 – 30 September 1929 3520: 2940:(2nd ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2448: 2245: 1453:in obscurity, Blomberg was arrested by the 938:in 1919, had never been put into practice. 4728:Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Bremen) 4298: 4284: 3572: 3558: 3247: 3233: 2689:Hitlers militärische Elite. 68 Lebensläufe 2509:Munich, 1938: Appeasement and World War II 2493:. Great Britain: Pen & Sword Military. 2488: 2106: 31: 2784:(in German). Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh. 1464: 633: 574:in 1908. Serving with distinction on the 493:(2 September 1878 – 13 March 1946) was a 3286: 2826: 2705: 2484:. London, United Kingdom: Edward Arnold. 2305: 2293: 2281: 2233: 2221: 1468: 1301: 1229:); Blomberg also was given the title of 1035: 650:as the prerequisite for military power. 542: 4678:German Army World War II field marshals 2893: 2779: 2743: 2679: 2627: 2568: 2549: 2536:. Bloomington: Indian University Press. 2524: 2473:The Third Reich: The Essential Readings 2432: 2408: 2336: 2121: 2007: 1918: 1763: 1691: 1679: 1544: 1527: 1457:in 1945 and later gave evidence at the 1372: 298: 1904; died 1932) 4650: 3156:Chief of the Armed Forces High Command 2855:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2807: 2798: 2724: 2708:Adolf Hitler: a biographical companion 2475:. London: Blackwell. pp. 129–150. 2467: 2396: 2317: 2184: 2172: 1903: 1784: 1703: 1580: 909: 513:, Blomberg was appointed chief of the 113:29 January 1933 – 21 May 1935 63:21 May 1935 – 27 January 1938 4698:Members of the Academy for German Law 4279: 3553: 3228: 3168: 2852:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality 2845: 2760: 2540: 2506: 2497: 2360: 2133: 1983: 1971: 1959: 1947: 1930: 1718: 1609: 1592: 1091:Blomberg ordered every member of the 4708:Government ministers of Nazi Germany 4683:German Army personnel of World War I 4604: 4158:Members granted rank & authority 2801:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich 2658: 2639: 2590: 2479: 2269: 1796: 1568: 1515: 2621:The memoirs of Field-Marshal Keitel 661: 13: 4668:Colonel generals of the Reichswehr 2453:. San Rafael, CA: Presidio Press. 1167:oath of allegiance to Adolf Hitler 626:, which had been forbidden by the 14: 4759: 4069:Reichsministers without portfolio 2999:Baron Kurt von Hammerstein–Equord 2945: 2881:. Associated Press. 14 March 1946 2803:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 2673:The Build-up of German Aggression 2576:. Grove Press. pp. 129–139. 2502:. United Kingdom: Hero Books Ltd. 1048:given an automatic and immediate 769:-sympathizing Lutheran chaplain, 4743:Nazis who died in prison custody 4630: 4613: 4585: 4444: 4395: 4359: 4315: 3367:Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 2986:Chief of the German Troop Office 895:. To counter alleged plans of a 722:disliked, insisted on extending 491:Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg 417: 399: 387: 375: 349: 200:Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg 4051:Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach 3984:Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach 2918:. New York City: Enigma Books. 2831:. University of Chicago Press. 2729:. Manchester University Press. 2710:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 2311: 2190: 315: 295: 4160:equivalent to a Reichsminister 3825:Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 3013:Friedrich Freiherr von Esebeck 2765:. Cambridge University Press. 2318:Kiiker, EIIe (28 March 2018). 957:was dismissed as chief of the 949:and replaced him with General 788:as a source of volunteers for 638:In 1928, Blomberg visited the 1: 3581:Members of the Hitler Cabinet 3049:as Commander-in-Chief of the 2812:. Chicago: Quadrangle Books. 2746:"General ohne Eigenschaften?" 2744:Paehler, Katrin (June 2009). 2725:Müller, Klaus Jürgen (1987). 2449:Brett-Smith, Richard (1976). 1499: 1271:, Blomberg, Neurath, General 883:Palace of the Reich President 622:), the thin disguise for the 4307:Defence Ministers of Germany 2780:Schäfer, Kirstin A. (2006). 2516:Feuchtwanger, Edgar (1993). 2482:Arms, Autarky and Aggression 2320:"Erna / Eva Margarete Gruhn" 1108:by preventing any so-called 983:. The British historian Sir 819:World Disarmament Conference 595:Army Area. In 1925, General 519:("Troop Office") during the 7: 4703:Ministers of the Reichswehr 4452:Federal Republic of Germany 3209:Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord 2956:20th Century Press Archives 2894:Deutsch, Harold C. (1974). 2597:. McFarland & Company. 1291:, Germany's air force, and 989:Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord 973:was sacked as chief of the 582:, Blomberg was awarded the 181:Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord 10: 4764: 4548:Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer 4533:Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg 4403:German Democratic Republic 3630:President of the Reichstag 2827:Weinberg, Gerhard (1970). 2761:Patch, William L. (2006). 2442: 2435:, pp. 34–35, note 23. 1398:Göring, who had served as 1389:Wolf-Heinrich von Helldorf 1376: 1205:bugged the offices of the 561:noble Baltic German family 4566: 4442: 4393: 4357: 4313: 4239: 4157: 4067: 4040: 4020: 4000: 3975: 3957: 3918: 3893: 3868: 3834: 3816: 3796: 3750: 3730: 3704: 3684: 3657: 3648: 3644: 3587: 3505: 3463: 3347: 3332: 3306: 3271: 3179: 3143: 3134: 3121: 3106: 3097: 3089: 3084: 3071: 3058: 3041: 3028: 3016: 3005: 2992: 2983: 2972: 2967: 2934:Wheeler-Bennett, Sir John 2748:(in German). H-Net Online 2550:Glasman, Gabriel (2005). 2373:Keitel & Görlitz 1966 999:being appointed instead. 565:Prussian Military Academy 503:Adolf Hitler's government 484: 472: 462: 448: 438: 430: 412: 370: 365: 357: 345: 337: 326: 274: 264: 254: 230: 195: 190: 186: 174: 162: 151: 146:Chief of the Troop Office 144: 129: 117: 106: 99: 94:Chief of the High Command 82: 67: 56: 46: 42: 30: 23: 4693:German untitled nobility 3075:Führer und Reichskanzler 2867:. London, UK: Macmillan. 2808:Taylor, Telford (1969). 2799:Shirer, William (1960). 2706:Nicholls, David (2000). 2635:. New York City: Norton. 2591:Kane, Robert B. (2008). 2543:The Nazi Machtergreifung 2489:Carruthers, Bob (2013). 2411:, pp. 200, 206–207. 1120:Night of the Long Knives 255:Cause of death 4723:Prussian Army personnel 4175:Walther von Brauchitsch 3473:Robert Ritter von Greim 3405:Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb 3375:Walther von Brauchitsch 2659:Kolb, Eberhard (2005). 2552:Objetivo: Cazar al Lobo 1430:Blomberg–Fritsch Affair 1379:Blomberg–Fritsch affair 1227:Reichskriegsministerium 1144:attempt of 20 July 1944 875:Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen 849:and by authorizing the 505:. After serving on the 457:Reichskriegsministerium 249:Allied-occupied Germany 4127:Konstantin von Neurath 3884:Joachim von Ribbentrop 3877:Konstantin von Neurath 3488:Wolfram von Richthofen 3035:Walter von Brauchitsch 3010:General der Infanterie 2669:Messerschmidt, Manfred 2498:Dupuy, Trevor (1984). 2480:Carr, William (1972). 1474: 1465:Imprisonment and death 1415: 1353:Konstantin von Neurath 1311: 1262:Konstantin von Neurath 1050:dishonorable discharge 1041: 932:Academy for German Law 682: 634:In the Weimar Republic 618: 497:officer and the first 3852:Richard Walther Darré 3450:Maximilian von Weichs 2861:Wheeler-Bennett, John 2518:From Weimar to Hitler 2507:Faber, David (2008). 1472: 1305: 1233:of the armed forces ( 1184:Walther von Reichenau 1172:People and Fatherland 1158:Völkischer Beobachter 1063:The German historian 1039: 673: 543:Early life and career 453:1st Infantry Division 431:Years of service 139:Reichsminister of War 4713:People from Stargard 4543:Ursula von der Leyen 4148:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 3934:Franz Schlegelberger 3836:Food and Agriculture 3430:Walter von Reichenau 3338:Generalfeldmarschall 3272:Marshal of the Reich 2663:. London: Routledge. 2640:Klee, Ernst (2007). 2520:. London: Macmillan. 2385:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2349:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2161:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2149:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2095:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2078:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2066:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2051:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2039:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 2027:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1996:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1892:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1880:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1868:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1856:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1841:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1826:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1814:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1749:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1734:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1668:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1634:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1622:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1557:Wheeler-Bennett 1967 1473:Grave in Bad Wiessee 1437:Generalfeldmarschall 1373:Scandal and downfall 1242:Generalfeldmarschall 985:John Wheeler-Bennett 951:Walter von Reichenau 943:Ferdinand von Bredow 879:Oskar von Hindenburg 871:Kurt von Hammerstein 832:President of Germany 830:, whose position as 718:in western Germany. 665: Defence State 628:Treaty of Versailles 624:German General Staff 572:German General Staff 495:German General Staff 443:Generalfeldmarschall 4673:Commanders in chief 4600:Werner von Blomberg 4553:Christine Lambrecht 4508:Gerhard Stoltenberg 4468:Franz Josef Strauss 4378:Werner von Blomberg 4349:Kurt von Schleicher 4031:Werner von Blomberg 3942:Otto Georg Thierack 3732:Eastern Territories 3455:Erwin von Witzleben 3357:Werner von Blomberg 3204:Werner von Blomberg 3129:Minister of Defence 3100:Minister of Defence 3093:Kurt von Schleicher 3065:German Armed Forces 3045:Paul von Hindenburg 2661:The Weimar Republic 2421:New York Times 1946 2339:, pp. 120–121. 2260:, pp. 636–637. 2236:, pp. 297–298. 2224:, pp. 296–297. 2163:, pp. 341–342. 2080:, pp. 321–322. 2068:, pp. 320–321. 2041:, pp. 319–320. 2010:, pp. 268–269. 1894:, pp. 301–311. 1858:, pp. 308–309. 1828:, pp. 298–299. 1653:, pp. 252–253. 1636:, pp. 296–297. 1559:, pp. 295–296. 1316:Hossbach Memorandum 1065:Klaus-Jürgen Müller 936:Weimar Constitution 921:Kurt von Schleicher 910:Minister of Defense 828:Paul von Hindenburg 693:Kurt von Schleicher 285:Charlotte Hellmich 124:Kurt von Schleicher 101:Minister of Defence 77:Minister of Defense 25:Werner von Blomberg 4538:Thomas de Maizière 4473:Kai-Uwe von Hassel 4196:Werner von Fritsch 4189:Karl Hermann Frank 3445:Ferdinand Schörner 3440:Gerd von Rundstedt 3415:Erich von Manstein 3085:Political offices 3061:Commander-in-Chief 2879:The New York Times 2375:, pp. 41, 77. 2258:Messerschmidt 1990 1475: 1422:Werner von Fritsch 1357:Werner von Fritsch 1312: 1273:Werner von Fritsch 1247:Golden Party Badge 1231:Commander-in-Chief 1098:Erich von Manstein 1042: 997:Werner von Fritsch 709:) under which the 525:Commander-in-Chief 221:Kingdom of Prussia 4573: 4572: 4273: 4272: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4058:Julius Dorpmüller 3991:Wilhelm Ohnesorge 3951: 3950: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3501: 3500: 3478:Albert Kesselring 3400:Georg von Küchler 3395:Günther von Kluge 3304: 3303: 3222: 3221: 3163: 3162: 3144:Succeeded by 3107:Succeeded by 3072:Succeeded by 3029:Succeeded by 2993:Succeeded by 2968:Military offices 2905:978-0-8166-0649-8 2819:978-1-566-19746-5 2698:978-3-89678-727-9 2651:978-3-596-16048-8 2574:Hitler's Generals 2451:Hitler's Generals 2363:, pp. 46–75. 2284:, pp. 39–40. 2272:, pp. 73–78. 1974:, pp. 71–72. 1651:Feuchtwanger 1993 1530:, pp. 25–29. 1483:colorectal cancer 1258:Spanish Civil War 1129:Hitler-Junge Quex 603:and chief of the 488: 487: 331:Axel von Blomberg 259:Colorectal cancer 4755: 4643: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4626: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4606: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4581: 4528:Franz Josef Jung 4518:Rudolf Scharping 4478:Gerhard Schröder 4456: 4450: 4448: 4447: 4434:Rainer Eppelmann 4429:Theodor Hoffmann 4407: 4401: 4399: 4398: 4371: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4318: 4300: 4293: 4286: 4277: 4276: 4266: 4253: 4251:Heinrich Himmler 4219: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4129: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4106:Konstantin Hierl 4101: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4060: 4053: 4033: 4013: 3993: 3986: 3968: 3955: 3954: 3944: 3937: 3929: 3911: 3909:Heinrich Himmler 3904: 3886: 3879: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3845:Alfred Hugenberg 3827: 3809: 3789: 3782: 3775: 3768: 3761: 3759:Alfred Hugenberg 3743: 3741:Alfred Rosenberg 3723: 3715: 3697: 3677: 3670: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3645: 3637: 3624: 3614: 3601: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3518: 3517: 3425:Friedrich Paulus 3390:Ewald von Kleist 3371: 3345: 3344: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3284: 3283: 3249: 3242: 3235: 3226: 3225: 3166: 3165: 3158: 3131: 3122:Preceded by 3116: 3090:Preceded by 3055: 3042:Preceded by 3006:Preceded by 2973:Preceded by 2965: 2964: 2941: 2929: 2909: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2876: 2868: 2856: 2842: 2823: 2804: 2795: 2776: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2740: 2721: 2702: 2685:Ueberschär, Gerd 2676: 2664: 2655: 2636: 2624: 2623:. Stein and Day. 2608: 2587: 2565: 2546: 2537: 2535: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2464: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2246:Brett-Smith 1976 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2202: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1844: 1838: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1767: 1761: 1752: 1746: 1737: 1731: 1722: 1716: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1677: 1671: 1665: 1654: 1648: 1637: 1631: 1625: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1596: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1531: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1459:Nuremberg trials 1420: 1362:cordon sanitaire 1293:Heinrich Himmler 1277:Walter Warlimont 1202:Heinrich Himmler 1073: 967:military attaché 945:as chief of the 732:Defence Minister 666: 663: 613: 537:Heinrich Himmler 423: 421: 420: 405: 403: 402: 393: 391: 390: 381: 379: 378: 366:Military service 353: 319: 317: 299: 297: 237: 210:2 September 1878 209: 207: 191:Personal details 177: 165: 156: 132: 120: 111: 85: 70: 61: 37:Blomberg in 1934 35: 21: 20: 4763: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4753: 4752: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4619: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4605:sister projects 4602:at Knowledge's 4596: 4586: 4584: 4576: 4574: 4569: 4562: 4558:Boris Pistorius 4455:(1949–present) 4454: 4445: 4443: 4438: 4405: 4396: 4394: 4389: 4369: 4360: 4358: 4353: 4344:Wilhelm Groener 4325: 4323:Weimar Republic 4316: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4274: 4269: 4256: 4246:Reichsführer SS 4243: 4231: 4222: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4180: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4153: 4146: 4141:Hjalmar Schacht 4139: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4111: 4104: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4063: 4056: 4049: 4036: 4029: 4016: 4011:Joseph Goebbels 4009: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3971: 3964: 3947: 3940: 3932: 3925: 3914: 3907: 3900: 3889: 3882: 3875: 3869:Foreign Affairs 3864: 3857: 3850: 3843: 3830: 3823: 3812: 3805: 3792: 3785: 3778: 3773:Hjalmar Schacht 3771: 3764: 3757: 3746: 3739: 3726: 3718: 3711: 3700: 3693: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3640: 3627: 3617: 3612:Franz von Papen 3607:Vice-Chancellor 3604: 3591: 3583: 3578: 3548: 3539: 3507: 3497: 3459: 3369: 3334: 3328: 3300: 3277:Reichsmarschall 3273: 3267: 3253: 3223: 3218: 3184:Hans von Seeckt 3175: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3140: 3137:Minister of War 3132: 3126: 3125: 3117: 3114:Minister of War 3111: 3110: 3103: 3095: 3080: 3068: 3056: 3048: 3047: 3037: 3025: 3014: 3001: 2989: 2981: 2948: 2926: 2906: 2884: 2882: 2839: 2838:978-039103825-7 2820: 2792: 2773: 2772:978-052102541-6 2751: 2749: 2737: 2718: 2699: 2681:Mitcham, Samuel 2652: 2617:Görlitz, Walter 2613:Keitel, Wilhelm 2605: 2584: 2570:Görlitz, Walter 2562: 2526:Förster, Jürgen 2461: 2445: 2440: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2316: 2312: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2280: 2276: 2268: 2264: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2179: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2113: 2107:Carruthers 2013 2105: 2101: 2093: 2084: 2076: 2072: 2064: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2014: 2006: 2002: 1994: 1990: 1982: 1978: 1970: 1966: 1958: 1954: 1946: 1937: 1929: 1925: 1917: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1890: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1866: 1862: 1854: 1847: 1839: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1770: 1762: 1755: 1747: 1740: 1732: 1725: 1717: 1710: 1702: 1698: 1690: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1666: 1657: 1649: 1640: 1632: 1628: 1620: 1616: 1608: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1579: 1575: 1567: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1543: 1534: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1507: 1502: 1467: 1381: 1375: 1308:Joseph Goebbels 1223: 1215:military police 1211:Wilhelm Canaris 1209:chief, Admiral 1174:but to the new 1067: 1030:Gleichschaltung 917:colonel general 912: 736:Wilhelm Groener 664: 636: 609: 597:Hans von Seeckt 580:First World War 555:(now Stargard, 545: 521:Weimar Republic 499:Minister of War 418: 416: 400: 398: 397: 395:Weimar Republic 388: 386: 385: 376: 374: 322: 321: 318: 1938) 313: 309: 301: 293: 289: 286: 239: 235: 211: 205: 203: 202: 201: 175: 163: 157: 152: 136: 130: 118: 112: 107: 91: 83: 74: 68: 62: 57: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4761: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4645: 4644: 4642:from Wikiquote 4627: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4571: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4498:Manfred Wörner 4495: 4490: 4485: 4483:Helmut Schmidt 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4459: 4457: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4419:Heinz Hoffmann 4416: 4410: 4408: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4381: 4374: 4372: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4330: 4328: 4311: 4310: 4303: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4280: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4254: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4203:Wilhelm Keitel 4199: 4192: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4168:Martin Bormann 4163: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4151: 4144: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4116: 4109: 4102: 4095: 4092:Hermann Göring 4088: 4081: 4073: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4054: 4046: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4034: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4006: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3977: 3976:Postal Affairs 3973: 3972: 3970: 3969: 3961: 3959: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3938: 3930: 3922: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3905: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3855: 3848: 3840: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3810: 3802: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3780:Hermann Göring 3776: 3769: 3762: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3736: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3724: 3716: 3708: 3706: 3705:Church Affairs 3702: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3695:Hermann Göring 3690: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3671: 3663: 3661: 3649: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3635:Hermann Göring 3625: 3619:Deputy Führer: 3615: 3602: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3577: 3576: 3569: 3562: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3515: 3506:Grand Admirals 3503: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3469: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3385:Wilhelm Keitel 3382: 3377: 3372: 3364: 3362:Fedor von Bock 3359: 3353: 3351: 3342: 3333:Field Marshals 3330: 3329: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3298: 3296:Hermann Göring 3292: 3290: 3281: 3269: 3268: 3261:Grand Admirals 3257:Field Marshals 3252: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3229: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3161: 3160: 3150:Wilhelm Keitel 3145: 3142: 3133: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3108: 3105: 3096: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3073: 3070: 3057: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3030: 3027: 3015: 3007: 3003: 3002: 2994: 2991: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2947: 2946:External links 2944: 2943: 2942: 2930: 2924: 2911: 2904: 2891: 2869: 2857: 2847:Wette, Wolfram 2843: 2837: 2824: 2818: 2805: 2796: 2791:978-3506713919 2790: 2777: 2771: 2758: 2741: 2735: 2722: 2716: 2703: 2697: 2677: 2665: 2656: 2650: 2637: 2625: 2609: 2604:978-0786437443 2603: 2588: 2582: 2566: 2560: 2547: 2538: 2522: 2513: 2504: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2465: 2459: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2425: 2413: 2401: 2399:, p. 314. 2389: 2387:, p. 368. 2377: 2365: 2353: 2351:, p. 366. 2341: 2329: 2310: 2298: 2296:, p. 342. 2286: 2274: 2262: 2250: 2248:, p. 108. 2238: 2226: 2214: 2189: 2187:, p. 119. 2177: 2165: 2153: 2151:, p. 341. 2138: 2126: 2124:, p. 525. 2111: 2099: 2097:, p. 322. 2082: 2070: 2055: 2053:, p. 320. 2043: 2031: 2029:, p. 319. 2012: 2000: 1998:, p. 312. 1988: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1935: 1923: 1921:, p. 268. 1908: 1906:, p. 143. 1896: 1884: 1882:, p. 311. 1872: 1870:, p. 309. 1860: 1845: 1843:, p. 301. 1830: 1818: 1816:, p. 300. 1801: 1789: 1768: 1766:, p. 422. 1753: 1751:, p. 284. 1738: 1736:, p. 282. 1723: 1721:, p. 122. 1708: 1696: 1684: 1682:, p. 131. 1672: 1670:, p. 297. 1655: 1638: 1626: 1624:, p. 296. 1614: 1597: 1585: 1573: 1571:, p. 173. 1561: 1549: 1532: 1520: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1490:unmarked grave 1466: 1463: 1405:Wilhelm Keitel 1393:Wilhelm Keitel 1391:, who went to 1377:Main article: 1374: 1371: 1346:United Kingdom 1324:Eastern Europe 1306:Blomberg with 1285:Hermann Göring 1269:Hermann Göring 1222: 1219: 1182:chief General 1114:from serving. 1106:Nuremberg Laws 911: 908: 758:levée en masse 635: 632: 585:Pour le Mérite 544: 541: 533:Hermann Göring 486: 485: 482: 481: 478:Pour le Mérite 474: 470: 469: 464: 460: 459: 450: 446: 445: 440: 436: 435: 432: 428: 427: 414: 413:Branch/service 410: 409: 372: 368: 367: 363: 362: 359: 355: 354: 347: 343: 342: 339: 335: 334: 328: 324: 323: 311: 307: 306: 305: 304: 291: 287: 284: 283: 282: 281: 278: 276: 272: 271: 266: 262: 261: 256: 252: 251: 238:(aged 67) 232: 228: 227: 199: 197: 193: 192: 188: 187: 184: 183: 178: 172: 171: 166: 160: 159: 149: 148: 142: 141: 133: 127: 126: 121: 115: 114: 104: 103: 97: 96: 89:Wilhelm Keitel 86: 80: 79: 71: 65: 64: 54: 53: 49:Reichsminister 44: 43: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4760: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4641: 4640: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4601: 4593: 4583: 4582: 4579: 4565: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4503:Rupert Scholz 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4463:Theodor Blank 4461: 4460: 4458: 4453: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4424:Heinz Kessler 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4404: 4392: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4368: 4356: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4324: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4296: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4210:Otto Meissner 4207: 4204: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4156: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4086: 4085:Wilhelm Frick 4082: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4059: 4055: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3967: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3927:Franz Gürtner 3924: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3906: 3903: 3902:Wilhelm Frick 3899: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3859:Herbert Backe 3856: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3807:Bernhard Rust 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3672: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3568: 3563: 3561: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3504: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3199:Georg Wetzell 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3173: 3170:Chief of the 3167: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3147:Generaloberst 3139: 3138: 3130: 3120: 3115: 3102: 3101: 3094: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3053: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3033: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3018:Commander of 3012: 3011: 3004: 3000: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2980: 2979:Georg Wetzell 2977: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2925:1-929631-09-X 2921: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2747: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2717:0-87436-965-7 2713: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2633:Hitler Hubris 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2583:0-8021-3994-9 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2561:970-732-177-6 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2460:0-89141-044-9 2456: 2452: 2447: 2446: 2434: 2429: 2422: 2417: 2410: 2405: 2398: 2393: 2386: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2362: 2357: 2350: 2345: 2338: 2333: 2325: 2321: 2314: 2308:, p. 29. 2307: 2306:Nicholls 2000 2302: 2295: 2294:Weinberg 1970 2290: 2283: 2282:Weinberg 1970 2278: 2271: 2266: 2259: 2254: 2247: 2242: 2235: 2234:Weinberg 1970 2230: 2223: 2222:Weinberg 1970 2218: 2199: 2193: 2186: 2181: 2175:, p. 93. 2174: 2169: 2162: 2157: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2108: 2103: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2079: 2074: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2052: 2047: 2040: 2035: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2009: 2004: 1997: 1992: 1986:, p. 73. 1985: 1980: 1973: 1968: 1962:, p. 72. 1961: 1956: 1950:, p. 71. 1949: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1933:, p. 70. 1932: 1927: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1905: 1900: 1893: 1888: 1881: 1876: 1869: 1864: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1799:, p. 53. 1798: 1793: 1787:, p. 30. 1786: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1735: 1730: 1728: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1706:, p. 28. 1705: 1700: 1694:, p. 22. 1693: 1688: 1681: 1676: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1635: 1630: 1623: 1618: 1612:, p. 51. 1611: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1595:, p. 50. 1594: 1589: 1583:, p. 26. 1582: 1577: 1570: 1565: 1558: 1553: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1529: 1524: 1518:, p. 82. 1517: 1512: 1510: 1505: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1471: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1417:Generaloberst 1411: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1197: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1162: 1160: 1159: 1153: 1152:homosexuality 1147: 1145: 1143: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1059: 1058:Wolfram Wette 1055: 1051: 1047: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1004: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 977: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 939: 937: 933: 928: 924: 922: 918: 907: 905: 900: 898: 894: 893: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 867: 865: 861: 857: 852: 848: 844: 840: 835: 833: 829: 824: 820: 815: 812: 807: 803: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 771:Ludwig Müller 768: 764: 760: 759: 753: 749: 744: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 719: 717: 712: 708: 704: 700: 699: 694: 689: 687: 681: 679: 672: 670: 669:Eberhard Kolb 659: 656: 651: 649: 645: 641: 631: 629: 625: 621: 620: 616: 612: 606: 602: 601:major-general 598: 594: 589: 587: 586: 581: 577: 576:Western Front 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 517: 512: 508: 507:Western Front 504: 500: 496: 492: 483: 480: 479: 475: 471: 468: 465: 461: 458: 454: 451: 447: 444: 441: 437: 433: 429: 426: 415: 411: 408: 396: 384: 383:German Empire 373: 369: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 329: 325: 303: 302: 280: 279: 277: 273: 270: 267: 265:Resting place 263: 260: 257: 253: 250: 246: 242: 234:13 March 1946 233: 229: 226: 225:German Empire 222: 218: 214: 198: 194: 189: 185: 182: 179: 173: 170: 169:Georg Wetzell 167: 161: 155: 150: 147: 143: 140: 134: 128: 125: 122: 116: 110: 105: 102: 98: 95: 90: 87: 81: 78: 72: 66: 60: 55: 52: 50: 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 4637: 4625:from Commons 4620: 4599: 4568:East Germany 4523:Peter Struck 4377: 4367:Nazi Germany 4339:Otto Gessler 4334:Gustav Noske 4259:Stabschef SA 4257: 4244: 4217:Erich Raeder 4120:Hans Lammers 4030: 3966:Franz Seldte 3787:Walther Funk 3766:Kurt Schmitt 3720:Hermann Muhs 3675:Albert Speer 3628: 3618: 3605: 3599:Adolf Hitler 3592: 3535:Erich Raeder 3522:Kriegsmarine 3509: 3493:Hugo Sperrle 3483:Erhard Milch 3435:Erwin Rommel 3420:Walter Model 3410:Wilhelm List 3356: 3336: 3275: 3265:Nazi Germany 3214:Wilhelm Adam 3203: 3189:Wilhelm Heye 3172:Troop Office 3146: 3135: 3098: 3078:Adolf Hitler 3074: 3059: 3050: 3032:Generalmajor 3031: 3026:1929 – 1933 3019: 3017: 3008: 2996:Generalmajor 2995: 2984: 2976:Generalmajor 2975: 2937: 2915: 2895: 2883:. Retrieved 2878: 2864: 2850: 2828: 2809: 2800: 2781: 2762: 2750:. Retrieved 2726: 2707: 2688: 2672: 2660: 2641: 2632: 2629:Kershaw, Ian 2620: 2593: 2573: 2551: 2542: 2531: 2517: 2508: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2472: 2469:Bartov, Omer 2450: 2433:Mitcham 2011 2428: 2416: 2409:Schäfer 2006 2404: 2392: 2380: 2368: 2356: 2344: 2337:Glasman 2005 2332: 2323: 2313: 2301: 2289: 2277: 2265: 2253: 2241: 2229: 2217: 2205:. Retrieved 2192: 2180: 2168: 2156: 2129: 2122:Kershaw 1998 2102: 2073: 2046: 2034: 2008:Förster 1998 2003: 1991: 1979: 1967: 1955: 1926: 1919:Förster 1998 1899: 1887: 1875: 1863: 1821: 1792: 1764:Kershaw 1998 1699: 1692:Schäfer 2006 1687: 1680:Görlitz 1989 1675: 1629: 1617: 1588: 1576: 1564: 1552: 1545:Paehler 2009 1528:Schäfer 2006 1523: 1487: 1476: 1451:World War II 1446:Erich Raeder 1435: 1434: 1412: 1409: 1397: 1386: 1382: 1367: 1360: 1350: 1327: 1313: 1282: 1266: 1251: 1240: 1234: 1226: 1224: 1206: 1200: 1192: 1188: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1156: 1148: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1116: 1109: 1101: 1092: 1090: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1062: 1045: 1043: 1028: 1025: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1005: 1001: 992: 974: 971:Wilhelm Adam 969:and General 961:and sent to 958: 946: 940: 929: 925: 913: 904:Adolf Hitler 901: 896: 890: 887: 868: 859: 855: 850: 842: 838: 836: 816: 810: 805: 798: 793: 789: 781: 779: 774: 756: 752:East Prussia 747: 745: 739: 723: 720: 715: 706: 703:East Prussia 696: 690: 683: 677: 674: 657: 655:totalitarian 652: 648:dictatorship 640:Soviet Union 637: 608: 605:Troop Office 590: 583: 569: 546: 529:World War II 514: 490: 489: 476: 463:Battles/wars 407:Nazi Germany 236:(1946-03-13) 176:Succeeded by 153: 131:Succeeded by 108: 84:Succeeded by 58: 48: 18: 4663:1946 deaths 4658:1878 births 4513:Volker Rühe 4488:Georg Leber 4414:Willi Stoph 4384:Karl Dönitz 4380:(1933–1938) 4182:Karl Dönitz 4113:Hanns Kerrl 4099:Rudolf Hess 3713:Hanns Kerrl 3622:Rudolf Hess 3530:Karl Dönitz 3511:Großadmiral 3380:Ernst Busch 3174:(1919–1933) 3021:Wehrkreis I 2990:1927– 1929 2397:Shirer 1960 2185:Taylor 1969 2173:Taylor 1969 2136:, p. . 2109:, p. . 1904:Bartov 1999 1785:Müller 1987 1704:Müller 1987 1581:Müller 1987 1494:Bad Wiessee 1180:Ministeramt 1068: [ 981:Ludwig Beck 947:Ministeramt 847:martial law 790:Grenzschutz 782:Grenzschutz 724:Grenzschutz 716:Grenzschutz 707:Grenzschutz 671:wrote that: 578:during the 511:World War I 467:World War I 425:German Army 361:Rubber Lion 308:Erna Gruhn 269:Bad Wiessee 164:Preceded by 119:Preceded by 69:Preceded by 4652:Categories 4639:Quotations 4406:(1949–90) 4370:(1933–45) 4326:(1918–33) 4264:Ernst Röhm 4134:Ernst Röhm 4078:Hans Frank 4022:Reichswehr 4002:Propaganda 3668:Fritz Todt 3594:Chancellor 3370:(honorary) 3194:Otto Hasse 3141:1935-1938 3104:1933-1935 3069:1935-1938 3052:Reichswehr 2736:0719010713 2361:Faber 2008 2134:Dupuy 1984 1984:Wette 2006 1972:Wette 2006 1960:Wette 2006 1948:Wette 2006 1931:Wette 2006 1719:Geyer 1983 1610:Patch 2006 1593:Patch 2006 1500:References 1444:. Admiral 1329:Lebensraum 1297:Nazi Party 1275:, General 1196:Nazi Party 1102:Reichswehr 1093:Reichswehr 1085:Reichswehr 1081:Reichswehr 1077:Reichswehr 1046:Reichswehr 1020:Reichswehr 1016:Reichswehr 1012:Reichswehr 1008:Ernst Röhm 993:Reichswehr 976:Truppenamt 864:Chancellor 851:Reichswehr 811:Reichswehr 806:Reichswehr 794:Reichswehr 748:Truppenamt 740:Reichswehr 728:Westphalia 711:Reichswehr 698:Truppenamt 619:Truppenamt 516:Truppenamt 371:Allegiance 206:1878-09-02 4592:Biography 4493:Hans Apel 4042:Transport 3798:Education 3751:Economics 3659:Armaments 3465:Luftwaffe 3288:Wehrmacht 2936:(2005) . 2270:Carr 1972 1797:Klee 2007 1569:Kolb 2005 1516:Kane 2008 1479:Nuremberg 1426:Wehrmacht 1338:arms race 1289:Luftwaffe 1236:Wehrmacht 1111:Mischling 955:Eugen Ott 860:Wehrstaat 856:Wehrstaat 843:Wehrstaat 839:Wehrstaat 763:Wehrkreis 686:total war 678:Wehrstaat 658:Wehrstaat 611:‹See Tfd› 593:Stuttgart 434:1897–1938 346:Signature 327:Relations 241:Nuremberg 217:Pomerania 154:In office 109:In office 59:In office 3936:(acting) 3894:Interior 3722:(acting) 3686:Aviation 2863:(1967). 2849:(2006). 2631:(1998). 2619:(1966). 2324:geni.com 2207:25 April 1400:best man 1344:and the 1336:and the 1280:Faupel. 734:General 644:Red Army 549:Stargard 547:Born in 449:Commands 358:Nickname 338:Children 213:Stargard 3919:Justice 3817:Finance 3255:German 3124:Himself 3109:Himself 3063:of the 2958:of the 2954:in the 2687:(ed.). 2443:Sources 1334:autarky 1320:Central 1170:not to 959:Wehramt 695:at the 662:transl. 559:) to a 553:Germany 320: 312: 300: 292: 288: 275:Spouses 245:Bavaria 135:Himself 73:Himself 4578:Portal 4449: 4400: 4386:(1945) 4364: 4320: 3958:Labour 2922: 2902: 2835: 2816: 2788: 2769: 2733: 2714: 2695: 2648: 2601: 2580: 2558: 2457: 1455:Allies 1342:France 1310:, 1937 1207:Abwehr 1176:Führer 1142:putsch 897:putsch 892:putsch 823:Geneva 775:per se 615:German 557:Poland 473:Awards 422: 404: 392: 380: 51:of War 4622:Media 2885:3 May 2752:5 May 2201:(PDF) 1442:Capri 1340:with 1254:Spain 1072:] 965:as a 963:Japan 333:(son) 314:( 310: 294:( 290: 3349:Heer 3259:and 2920:ISBN 2900:ISBN 2887:2020 2833:ISBN 2814:ISBN 2786:ISBN 2767:ISBN 2754:2013 2731:ISBN 2712:ISBN 2693:ISBN 2646:ISBN 2599:ISBN 2578:ISBN 2556:ISBN 2455:ISBN 2209:2021 1322:and 877:and 802:Army 767:Nazi 535:and 439:Rank 231:Died 196:Born 3263:of 3154:as 3127:as 3112:as 2960:ZBW 821:in 509:in 501:in 137:as 92:as 75:as 4654:: 2877:. 2615:; 2322:. 2141:^ 2114:^ 2085:^ 2058:^ 2015:^ 1938:^ 1911:^ 1848:^ 1833:^ 1804:^ 1771:^ 1756:^ 1741:^ 1726:^ 1711:^ 1658:^ 1641:^ 1600:^ 1535:^ 1508:^ 1496:. 1461:. 1432:. 1332:, 1217:. 1125:SA 1070:de 953:, 885:. 866:. 786:SA 730:. 680:). 630:. 617:: 588:. 551:, 455:, 316:m. 296:m. 247:, 243:, 223:, 219:, 215:, 4608:: 4580:: 4299:e 4292:t 4285:v 4261:: 4248:: 3632:: 3609:: 3596:: 3573:e 3566:t 3559:v 3514:) 3508:( 3341:) 3335:( 3280:) 3274:( 3248:e 3241:t 3234:v 2928:. 2908:. 2889:. 2841:. 2822:. 2794:. 2775:. 2756:. 2739:. 2720:. 2701:. 2654:. 2607:. 2586:. 2564:. 2511:. 2463:. 2423:. 2326:. 2211:. 1547:. 676:( 660:( 607:( 341:5 208:) 204:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index