1682:
31:
1693:
1705:
170:
131:(NASA-STD-8739.3) for a solder termination, which includes a number of specific requirements, including "proper insulation spacing"; tight wrapping; trimming of wire ends to prevent protrusions through the solder; and over-sleeving with a transparent or translucent heat shrink seal to cover the completed splice and all exposed metal.
104:, but on the first-made twist, to the right of the crossing point, and then the left splice is formed by winding the remaining wire tip toward the worker for a comparable 5–6 snug twists. The splice wire ends are then trimmed as needed, and the splice may then be soldered, and/or covered (e.g., with a
142:
wire; even the short tie variation of the
Western Union splice performed well after soldering. The test splices never failed at the splice (instead breaking outside of the splice area), leaving NASA to conclude that "the solder connection at the splice was as strong or stronger than the un-spliced
94:
from a pair of wires for several inches, each, crossing the wires left over right as shown in figure part A; then, a hooked cross (figure part B) is formed holding the crossing point of the two wires, and pulling the right wire tip toward and pushing the left wire tip away from the worker, leaving
99:
to the left of their crossing point while the right splice is formed by continuing to wind the wire tip away from the worker, creating 5–6 twists snug against the core wire and against each preceding twist. NASA recommend "tight, with no gaps between adjacent turns". The wires are then again held
114:
described the splice as having two variations, the "short tie" (figure part D) and "long tie" (figure parts E or F), with the latter examples having a "twist between wrappings allows a better chance for
119:
to pass in between the wires". The book suggested the long tie variant more suited to splices where soldering was intended. However, this was not backed up by NASA testing.
74:
described it as being, "by far the most widely used splice" in practical electrical wiring work. NASA included the splice in its technical standard
178:
34:
Figure parts A–D show steps in forming a "short tie" Western Union splice. Figure parts E and F show two possible "long tie" variations.
290:
1303:
90:
describes the construction of the
Western Union splice; short tie and long tie. The short tie splice has it being formed after
1730:
1581:
1612:
373:
205:
1575:
1493:
1060:
742:
128:
1696:
134:
NASA found both the short and long tie variants to be strong when soldered. The splices were examined in
258:
1735:
942:
576:
486:
231:
331:"Links To Required Workmanship Standards - NASA interconnection standards (including NASA-STD-8739.4)"
62:. The wrapping pattern design causes the join to tighten as the conductors pull against each other.
1566:
1445:
1055:
813:
712:
413:
1503:
1263:
531:
1745:
1709:
679:
1561:
1508:
1090:
1045:
970:
601:
1455:
1268:
1105:
912:
581:
294:
51:
8:
1607:
1571:
1498:
1308:
1025:
962:
907:
866:
861:
856:
851:
826:
737:
561:
491:
366:
139:
1641:
1556:
1323:
1298:
1175:
1125:
1120:
1050:
831:
702:
556:
438:
105:
1368:
1223:
1150:
1070:
732:
727:
634:
571:
566:
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466:
55:
20:
174:
1740:
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1208:
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887:
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722:
649:
644:
624:
619:
521:
456:
451:
308:
135:
47:
309:"Workmanship Standard For Crimping, Interconnecting Cables, Harnesses, And Wiring"
1488:
1417:
1373:
1318:
1165:
1085:
1005:
846:
446:
157:
59:
76:
Workmanship
Standard For Crimping, Interconnecting Cables, Harnesses, And Wiring
1685:
1470:
1333:
1288:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1203:
1020:
747:
717:
707:
461:
359:
24:
1724:
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1480:
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1338:
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1278:
1155:
1110:
985:
917:
762:
692:
659:
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546:
408:
91:
58:
telegraph company. This method can be used where the cable may be subject to
1602:
1437:
1381:
1328:
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127:
The NASA tests included soldering, and were performed to an organizational
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403:
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947:
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330:
30:
1617:
1358:
1313:
1035:
922:
697:
687:
654:
526:
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50:, developed in the nineteenth century during the introduction of the
95:
the tips oriented vertically as shown. The wires are then held with
1636:
1623:
1422:
952:
609:
152:
1651:
1630:
1213:
877:
787:
1658:
210:. New York and London: D. Appleton and Company. pp. 12–14.
116:
101:
96:
757:
382:
1407:
351:
293:. NASA Workmanship Technical Committee. Archived from
1722:
1530:
220:Taken from Figures 1 and 2 of and re-labelled.
199:
197:
195:
193:
191:
189:
259:"How-To: Splice Wire to NASA Standards | Make"
367:
179:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
186:
374:
360:
325:
323:
321:
29:
318:
263:Make: DIY Projects and Ideas for Makers
1723:
1304:Rigid double splayed loop in the bight
285:
283:
281:
279:
1529:
426:
355:
229:
203:
1704:
253:
251:
1692:
276:
13:
177:from websites or documents of the
16:Method of joining electrical cable
14:
1757:
1613:International Guild of Knot Tyers
248:
1703:
1691:
1681:
1680:
173: This article incorporates
168:
81:
301:
291:"Western Union/Lineman Splice"
223:
214:
1:
236:Electrical Engineering Centre
204:Sharp, John MacLaren (1915).
163:
1731:Telecommunications equipment
1494:Overhand knot with draw-loop
138:("pull") tests on 16 and 22
129:standard operating procedure
7:
427:
146:
78:, first produced in 1998.
10:
1762:
1378:Running highwayman's hitch
314:. NASA. 2016 . p. 71.
122:
65:
18:
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433:
422:
389:
381:
207:Practical Electric Wiring
112:Practical Electric Wiring
88:Practical Electric Wiring
72:Practical electric wiring
713:Directional figure eight
414:List of knot terminology
92:stripping the insulation
19:Not to be confused with
46:is a method of joining
175:public domain material
35:
1046:Double overhand noose
852:Ghiordes & Senneh
33:
230:Lemau (2010-09-26).
40:Western Union splice
869:(triple crown knot)
738:Figure-of-nine loop
232:"Conductor splices"
140:American wire gauge
1299:Portuguese bowline
1056:Farrimond friction
943:Triple fisherman's
703:Bowline on a bight
577:Triple fisherman's
557:Simple Simon under
532:One-sided overhand
487:Double fisherman's
297:on August 1, 2009.
86:The 1915 textbook
54:and named for the
36:
1736:Electrical wiring
1718:
1717:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1224:Carrick bend loop
733:Figure-eight loop
635:Ground-line hitch
1753:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1683:
1598:Chinese knotting
1567:Decorative knots
1547:
1546:
1527:
1526:
1446:Ashley's stopper
1344:Yosemite bowline
1209:Bale sling hitch
778:Yosemite bowline
708:Alpine butterfly
462:Alpine butterfly
452:Albright special
435:
434:
424:
423:
376:
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255:
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245:
243:
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227:
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212:
211:
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172:
171:
136:tensile strength
108:of insulation).
106:heat-shrunk tube
48:electrical cable
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1752:
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1750:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1702:
1663:
1586:
1541:
1540:
1513:
1475:
1456:Double overhand
1432:
1395:
1386:
1374:Running bowline
1360:
1353:
1319:Spanish bowline
1269:Friendship knot
1264:Fireman's chair
1185:
1106:Improved clinch
971:Adjustable grip
957:
913:Improved clinch
879:
872:
808:
791:
782:
674:
596:
429:
418:
385:
380:
350:
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329:
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268:
266:
257:
256:
249:
240:
238:
228:
224:
219:
215:
202:
187:
169:
166:
158:Rat-tail splice
149:
125:
84:
68:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1759:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1699:
1688:
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1672:
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1654:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1591:Related topics
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1550:Lists of knots
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:Related topics
1535:
1534:Lists of knots
1531:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1334:Triple bowline
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1309:Slippery eight
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1254:Eskimo bowline
1251:
1246:
1244:Double bowline
1241:
1236:
1234:Cowboy bowline
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:Artillery loop
1201:
1195:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1061:Friction hitch
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
967:
965:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
884:
882:
874:
873:
871:
870:
867:Wall and crown
864:
859:
857:Matthew Walker
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
827:Chinese button
824:
818:
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
801:
795:
793:
784:
783:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
743:Friction hitch
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
718:Double bowline
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
684:
682:
676:
675:
673:
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657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
606:
604:
598:
597:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
572:Surgeon's loop
569:
564:
562:Single carrick
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
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441:
431:
430:
420:
419:
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416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
390:
387:
386:
379:
378:
371:
364:
356:
348:
347:
317:
300:
275:
247:
222:
213:
184:
183:
165:
162:
161:
160:
155:
148:
145:
124:
121:
83:
80:
67:
64:
60:loading stress
44:Lineman splice
25:Butterfly loop
21:Lineman's loop
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1758:
1747:
1746:Western Union
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
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1726:
1711:
1700:
1698:
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1616:
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1609:
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1601:
1599:
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1580:
1577:
1573:
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1528:
1524:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:Monkey's fist
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1428:Western Union
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
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1389:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Water bowline
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
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1300:
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1290:
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1280:
1277:
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1267:
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1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
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1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
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1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
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1147:
1144:
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1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
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1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
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1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
888:Angler's loop
886:
885:
883:
881:
878:Fishing
875:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Celtic button
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
815:
811:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
794:
789:
785:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:Overhand loop
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
723:Farmer's loop
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
683:
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661:
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651:
648:
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643:
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633:
631:
628:
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623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
605:
603:
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585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
425:
421:
415:
412:
410:
409:List of knots
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
388:
384:
377:
372:
370:
365:
363:
358:
357:
354:
336:
335:nepp.nasa.gov
332:
326:
324:
322:
310:
304:
296:
292:
286:
284:
282:
280:
264:
260:
254:
252:
237:
233:
226:
217:
209:
208:
200:
198:
196:
194:
192:
190:
185:
182:
180:
176:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
144:
141:
137:
132:
130:
120:
118:
113:
109:
107:
103:
98:
93:
89:
79:
77:
73:
63:
61:
57:
56:Western Union
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
26:
22:
1629:
1622:
1582:Mathematical
1509:West Country
1427:
1274:Halter hitch
1249:Dropper loop
1126:Marlinespike
1121:Lobster buoy
1096:Hitching tie
1091:Highwayman's
898:Bimini twist
799:Chain sinnet
773:Trident loop
753:Munter hitch
728:Figure-eight
615:Bottle sling
582:True lover's
517:Heaving line
467:Basket weave
339:. Retrieved
334:
303:
295:the original
267:. Retrieved
265:. 2012-02-28
262:
239:. Retrieved
235:
225:
216:
206:
167:
133:
126:
111:
110:
87:
85:
82:Construction
75:
71:
69:
43:
39:
37:
1697:WikiProject
1504:Sailmaker's
1413:Marlinspike
1071:Ground-line
976:Anchor bend
908:Fisherman's
862:Turk's head
822:Carrick mat
625:Corned beef
620:Constrictor
492:Fisherman's
1725:Categories
1499:Portuguese
1324:Tom fool's
1051:Falconer's
991:Bale sling
847:Friendship
814:Decorative
804:Sheepshank
447:Adjustable
341:2020-01-22
269:2020-01-22
241:2020-01-22
164:References
1471:Stevedore
1369:Hangman's
1289:Jury mast
1176:Trucker's
1166:Taut-line
1086:Highpoint
1026:Cat's paw
1006:Blackwall
880:(angling)
748:Klemheist
688:Autoblock
567:Surgeon's
70:In 1915,
52:telegraph
1686:Category
1647:Splicing
1637:Ropework
1624:Mizuhiki
1576:friction
1562:Bindings
1481:Whipping
1466:Overhand
1418:Rat-tail
1396:splicing
1349:Zeppelin
1294:Overhand
1279:Handcuff
1199:Angler's
1151:Sailor's
1021:Buntline
986:Bachmann
918:Knotless
693:Bachmann
680:Climbing
660:Strangle
650:Packer's
645:Miller's
592:Zeppelin
547:Shoelace
522:Hunter's
457:Ashley's
153:T-splice
147:See also
143:wires".
1741:Splices
1710:Commons
1652:Seizing
1642:Lashing
1631:Norigae
1618:Macramé
1608:History
1603:Density
1574: (
1572:Hitches
1438:Stopper
1392:Splices
1382:Tarbuck
1359:Running
1329:Trident
1239:Diamond
1229:Cossack
1214:Bowline
1156:Snuggle
1111:Killick
1011:Blake's
963:Hitches
938:Trilene
928:Palomar
837:Diamond
670:Transom
640:Jamming
602:Binding
537:Racking
512:Harness
507:Halyard
497:Flemish
482:Carrick
428:By type
123:Testing
66:History
1701:
1690:
1679:
1659:Sennit
1489:Common
1451:Button
1361:(slip)
1259:Fiador
1219:Bumper
1181:Tumble
1171:Timber
1131:Munter
1101:Icicle
1081:Halter
1041:Distel
1001:Becket
996:Barrel
842:Fiador
792:shanks
768:Prusik
630:Granny
552:Shroud
337:. NASA
117:solder
102:pliers
97:pliers
1557:Bends
1394:&
1284:Honda
1161:Swing
1136:Ossel
1116:Knute
1066:Garda
1031:Clove
948:Turle
933:Snell
903:Blood
893:Arbor
790:&
788:Coils
758:Noose
665:Thief
587:Water
542:Sheet
502:Grief
477:Blood
439:Bends
394:Bight
383:Knots
312:(PDF)
100:with
1314:Span
1191:Loop
1146:Pipe
1141:Pile
1076:Half
1016:Boom
981:Axle
923:Nail
698:Beer
655:Reef
527:Nail
472:Beer
404:Turn
399:Loop
38:The
1408:Fid
1403:Eye
1036:Cow
953:Uni
610:Boa
42:or
23:or
1727::
333:.
320:^
278:^
261:.
250:^
234:.
188:^
181:.
1578:)
1423:T
375:e
368:t
361:v
344:.
272:.
244:.
27:.
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