546:: has a helical spring, typically wound with square-cross-section wire. These were developed in the late 19th and early 20th-century. In simple form the spring is fastened at one end to the driven member; its other end is unattached. The spring fits closely around a cylindrical driving member. If the driving member rotates in the direction that would unwind the spring expands minutely and slips although with some drag. Because of this, spring clutches must typically be lubricated with light oil. Rotating the driving member the other way makes the spring wrap itself tightly around the driving surface and the clutch locks up very quickly. The torque required to make a spring clutch slip
394:. When engaged, the load torque on each pawl transfers to the others to keep them engaged. These clutches do not slip once locked up, and they engage very quickly, on the order of milliseconds. A trip projection extends out from the assembly. If the trip lever engaged this projection, the clutch was disengaged. When the trip lever releases this projection, internal springs and friction engage the clutch. The clutch then rotates one or more turns, stopping when the trip lever again engages the trip projection.
508:: Found in some types of synchronous-motor-driven electric clocks built before the 1940s, to prevent the clock from running backwards. The clutch consisted of a wrap-spring clutch-brake that was coupled to the rotor by one or two stages of reduction gearing. The clutch-brake locked up when rotated backwards, but also had some spring action. The inertia of the rotor going backwards engaged the clutch and wound the spring. As it unwound, it restarted the motor in the correct direction.
2100:
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210:, the friction material sits in an oil bath (or has flow-through oil) which cools and lubricates the clutch. This can provide smoother engagement and a longer lifespan of the clutch, however wet clutches can have a lower efficiency due to some energy being transferred to the oil. Since the surfaces of a wet clutch can be slippery (as with a motorcycle clutch bathed in engine oil), stacking multiple clutch discs can compensate for the lower
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Motorcycles typically employ a wet clutch with the clutch riding in the same oil as the transmission. These clutches are usually made up of a stack of alternating friction plates and steel plates. The friction plates have lugs on their outer diameters that lock them into a basket that is turned by
365:
developed an improved single turn spring clutch. In these clutches, a coil spring is wrapped around the driven shaft and held in an expanded configuration by the trip lever. When tripped, the spring rapidly contracts around the power shaft engaging the clutch. At the end of one revolution, if the
769:
the clutch is operated by a hand lever on the left handlebar. No pressure on the lever means that the clutch plates are engaged (driving), while pulling the lever back towards the rider disengages the clutch plates through cable or hydraulic actuation, allowing the rider to shift gears or coast.
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Greatly simplified single-revolution clutches were developed in the 20th century, requiring much smaller operating forces and in some variations, allowing for a fixed fraction of a revolution per operation. Fast action friction clutches replaced dog clutches in some applications, eliminating the
572:
use a dry clutch, which is operated by the driver using the left-most pedal. The motion of the pedal is transferred to the clutch using mechanical linkage, hydraulics (master and slave cylinders) or a cable. The clutch is only disengaged at times when the driver is pressing on the clutch pedal,
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are dry clutches. Slippage of a friction clutch (where the clutch is partially engaged but the shafts are rotating at different speeds) is sometimes required, such as when a motor vehicle accelerates from a standstill; however the slippage should be minimised to avoid increased wear rates.
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The clutch is required for standing starts and in vehicles whose transmissions lack synchronising means, is used to assist in matching the speeds of the engine and transmission during gear changes to avoid gear “crashing,” which can cause serious damage to gear teeth.
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consists of several friction plates arranged concentrically. In some cases, it is used instead of a larger diameter clutch. Drag racing cars use multi-plate clutches to control the rate of power transfer to the wheels as the vehicle accelerates from a standing start.
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by a spring mechanism. The wheels of the vehicle only rotate when the flywheel is in contact with the friction disk. To stop the transfer of power, the friction disk is moved away from the flywheel by means of a lever mechanism. The majority of automotive clutches on
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also used them. These are typically disc-shaped assemblies mounted on the driven shaft. Inside the hollow disc-shaped drive drum are two or three freely floating pawls arranged so that when the clutch is tripped, the pawls spring outward much like the shoes in a
121:(via several intermediate components). The clutch allows the drill bit to either spin at the same speed as the motor (clutch engaged), spin at a lower speed than the motor (clutch slipping) or remain stationary while the motor is spinning (clutch disengaged).
584:, as this already provides a convenient large-diameter steel disk that can act as one driving plate of the clutch. Some racing clutches use small multi-plate disk packs that are not part of the flywheel. Both clutch and flywheel are enclosed in a conical
261:
A cone clutch is similar to dry friction plate clutch, except the friction material is applied to the outside of a conical shaped object. This conical shape allows wedging action to occur during engagement. A common application for cone clutches is the
524:: Invented by Waldo J Kelleigh in 1949, used for transmitting torque between two shafts consisting of a fixed driving member secured to one of said shafts, and a movable driving member, having a contacting surface with a plurality of indentations.
370:
of the driven member releases the tension on the spring. These clutches have long operating lives—many have performed tens and perhaps hundreds of millions of cycles without the need of maintenance other than occasional lubrication.
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the crankshaft. The steel plates have lugs on their inner diameters that lock them to the transmission input shaft. A set of coil springs or a diaphragm spring plate force the plates together when the clutch is engaged.
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therefore the default state is for the transmission to be connected to the engine. A "neutral" gear position is provided, so that the clutch pedal can be released with the vehicle remaining stationary.
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speed. As the temperature of the spring rises, it unwinds and opens the valve, allowing fluid past the valve, making the fan spin at about 60% to 90% of crankshaft speed.
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A centrifugal clutch automatically engages as the speed of the input shaft increases and disengages as the input shaft speed decreases. Applications include small
315:
where a single pull of the operating lever or (later) press of a button would trip the mechanism, engaging the clutch between the power source and the machine's
342:, pressing any key selected a particular character and also engaged a single rotation clutch to cycle the mechanism to typeset that character. Similarly, in
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for exactly one revolution before disengaging the clutch. When the clutch is disengaged, the driven member is stationary. Early designs were typically
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to prevent slippage of the torque converter, in order to reduce the energy loss through the transmission and therefore improve fuel economy.
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that are slack when the engine is idling, but an idler pulley can tighten the belts to increase friction between the belts and the pulleys.
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In addition to their use in heavy manufacturing equipment, single-revolution clutches were applied to numerous small machines. In
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338:, for example, pressing the operate key would trip a single revolution clutch to process the most recently entered number. In
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632:. When the temperature is low, the spring winds and closes the valve, which lets the fan spin at about 20% to 30% of the
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makes the particles clump together and adhere to the operating surfaces. Engagement and slippage are notably smooth.
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514:: used on agricultural equipment, lawnmowers, tillers, and snow blowers. Engine power is transmitted via a set of
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346:, the receipt of each character tripped a single-revolution clutch to operate one cycle of the print mechanism.
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110:. By disengaging the clutch, the engine speed (RPM) is no longer determined by the speed of the driven wheels.
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532:: typically engaged by an electromagnet that is an integral part of the clutch assembly. Another type, the
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for the gearbox. The friction material used for the clutch disk varies, with a common material being an
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1157:"Comparison of the Friction and Wear Characteristics between Copper and Paper Based Friction Materials"
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to be disconnected from a rotating input shaft. The clutch's input shaft is typically attached to a
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trip lever has been reset, it catches the end of the spring (or a pawl attached to it), and the
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Older belt-driven engine cooling fans often use a heat-activated clutch, in the form of a
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Yu, Liang; Ma, Biao; Chen, Man; Li, Heyan; Ma, Chengnan; Liu, Jikai (15 September 2019).
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117:. The clutch's input shaft is driven by a motor and the output shaft is connected to the
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Mechanical device that connects and disconnects two rotating shafts or other moving parts
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clutch, pressing the pedal pulls the release bearing to disengage the clutch. In a
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that was particularly well suited to the repetitive start-stop action required in
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clutch, pressing the pedal pushes the release bearing to disengage the clutch.
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superseded wrap-spring single-revolution clutches in page printers, such as
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within the vehicle. Also, some clutches for manual transmission cars use a
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on the driven member used to disengage the dogs at the appropriate point.
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to transfer power from the input shaft to the output shaft, for example a
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Alva G. Russell, Alfred
Burkhardt, and Samuel E. Calhoun, Spring Clutch,
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Arthur H, Adams, Selecting and typing means for printing telegraphs,
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problem of impact loading on the dogs every time the clutch engaged.
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often uses magnetic clutches to engage the compressor as required.
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The clutch is usually mounted directly to the face of the engine's
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Fred. M. Carroll, Key adding device for tabulating machines,
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was developed in the 19th century to power machinery such as
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A dog clutch is a non-slip design of clutch which is used in
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and so eliminate slippage under power when fully engaged.
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Some clutch disks include springs designed to change the
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Frank
Wheeler, Clutch and stop mechanism for presses,
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and its successors, using the same design principles.
102:, the clutch acts as a mechanical linkage between the
844:(5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 212.
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with the number of turns in the spring, obeying the
217:Wet clutches often use a composite paper material.
1134:Charles C. Tillotson, Power-Transmission Clutch,
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113:Another example of clutch usage is in electric
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83:is a mechanical device that allows an output
841:Mechanisms and mechanical devices sourcebook
296:Cascaded-pawl single-revolution clutch in a
612:, the role of the clutch is performed by a
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198:to avoid abrupt engagements of the clutch.
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977:William Lautenschlager, Friction Clutch,
749:Learn how and when to remove this message
492:Learn how and when to remove this message
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375:Cascaded-pawl single-revolution clutches
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32:This is an accepted version of this page
1017:Clifton Chisholm, Typesetting machine,
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190:of the clutch disc, in order to reduce
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2130:Automotive transmission technologies
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1114:Analdo M. English, Friction-Clutch,
687:adding citations to reliable sources
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430:adding citations to reliable sources
401:
1223:"What is Lock-up Clutch Mechanism?"
56:
1820:Continuously variable transmission
363:Pitney Bowes Postage Meter Company
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1623:Automobile auxiliary power outlet
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1278:Part of a series of articles on
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957:John J. Zeitz, Friction-clutch,
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75:Friction disk for a dry clutch
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1855:Automated manual transmission
1335:Electronic instrument cluster
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770:Racing motorcycles often use
639:A vehicle's air-conditioning
282:non-synchronous transmissions
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1295:Automotive navigation system
774:to eliminate the effects of
568:Most cars and trucks with a
361:. In 1942, two employees of
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1930:Semi-automatic transmission
1421:Electronic throttle control
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10:
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1767:Internal combustion engine
1467:Automatic vehicle location
917:Samuel Trethewey, Clutch,
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266:in a manual transmission.
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2066:Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
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1955:Transmission control unit
1895:Limited-slip differential
1860:Electrorheological clutch
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387:IBM Selectric typewriters
1845:Dual-clutch transmission
1145:, granted Apr. 23, 1907.
1091:, granted Oct. 13, 1942.
988:, granted Dec. 19, 1922.
948:, granted Apr. 30, 1912.
937:Fred. R. Allen, Clutch,
928:, granted Apr. 18, 1893.
908:, granted Dec. 14, 1891.
534:magnetic particle clutch
353:developed a single-turn
305:single-revolution clutch
288:Single-revolution clutch
124:
39:latest accepted revision
1815:Constant-velocity joint
1300:Automotive night vision
1071:, granted Feb. 21, 1928
1048:, issued Jun. 13, 1928.
1028:, granted Dec. 6, 1932.
1008:, granted Mar. 8, 1932.
968:, granted Dec. 8, 1908.
604:Automatic transmissions
212:coefficient of friction
138:Diagram of a dry clutch
64:Clutch (disambiguation)
1795:Automatic transmission
1225:. Your Online Mechanic
1125:, granted Apr. 4 1882.
838:Sclater, Neil (2011).
656:
610:automatic transmission
529:Electromagnetic clutch
506:Kickback clutch-brakes
300:
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1482:Remote keyless system
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1900:Locking differential
1835:Direct-shift gearbox
1060:, Clutch Mechanism,
683:improve this article
647:Usage in motorcycles
624:Fans and compressors
564:Manual transmissions
559:Usage in automobiles
426:improve this article
340:typesetting machines
161:manual transmissions
62:For other uses, see
1925:Preselector gearbox
1905:Manual transmission
1173:2019Mate...12.2988Y
873:"How Clutches Work"
570:manual transmission
548:grows exponentially
336:tabulating machines
29:Page version status
2071:Electric generator
1976:Wheel hub assembly
1330:Check engine light
1310:Blind spot monitor
1182:10.3390/ma12182988
1058:Frederick G. Creed
657:
544:Wrap-spring clutch
355:wrap spring clutch
351:Frederick G. Creed
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227:Centrifugal clutch
221:Centrifugal clutch
196:clutch delay valve
180:multi-plate clutch
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1734:Automotive engine
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879:. 16 October 2007
877:howstuffworks.com
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47:1 October 2024
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700: –
699:
695:
694:Find sources:
688:
684:
678:
677:
672:This section
670:
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661:
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642:
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443: –
442:
438:
437:Find sources:
431:
427:
421:
420:
415:This section
413:
409:
404:
403:
398:Other designs
395:
393:
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152:friction disk
149:
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100:motor vehicle
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90:
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48:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
2013:Racing slick
1950:Transfer box
1920:Park-by-wire
1915:Parking pawl
1830:Differential
1809:
1805:Direct-drive
1787:Transmission
1777:Steam engine
1722:Part of the
1721:
1410:
1401:Bowden cable
1277:
1270:Car interior
1227:. Retrieved
1217:
1167:(18): 2988.
1164:
1160:
1150:
1130:
1110:
1096:
1076:
1053:
1033:
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881:. Retrieved
876:
867:
855:. Retrieved
840:
833:
764:
760:
745:
739:January 2023
736:
726:
719:
712:
705:
693:
681:Please help
676:verification
673:
638:
627:
617:
607:
579:
575:
567:
543:
533:
527:
521:
511:
505:
488:
482:January 2023
479:
469:
462:
455:
448:
436:
424:Please help
419:verification
416:
379:teleprinters
374:
373:
359:teleprinters
348:
344:teleprinters
333:
329:
321:dog clutches
304:
302:
279:
260:
230:
216:
207:
205:
185:
179:
177:
172:
168:
166:
151:
148:dry friction
143:
141:
112:
108:transmission
97:
80:
78:
68:
46:
37:This is the
31:
1991:Alloy wheel
1850:Drive wheel
1840:Drive shaft
1800:Chain drive
1611:Convenience
1602:Vehicle mat
1551:Rumble seat
1536:Bucket seat
1492:VIN etching
1472:Immobiliser
1365:Speedometer
1315:Boost gauge
1288:Instruments
883:24 December
857:27 December
767:motorcycles
586:bellhousing
512:Belt clutch
298:teleprinter
257:Cone clutch
251:Cone clutch
245:automobiles
233:motorcycles
2119:Categories
2076:Alternator
1724:Automobile
1713:Powertrain
1628:Cup holder
1572:Boot liner
1531:Bench seat
1455:Anti-theft
1426:Gear stick
1375:Telematics
1370:Tachometer
1340:Fuel gauge
1083:US 2298970
1063:US 1659724
1040:US 2161840
1020:US 1889914
1000:US 1848106
980:US 1439314
940:US 1025043
826:References
804:Gear shift
709:newspapers
641:compressor
634:crankshaft
600:material.
522:BMA clutch
452:newspapers
392:drum brake
317:crankshaft
276:Dog clutch
270:Dog clutch
208:wet clutch
202:Wet clutch
144:dry clutch
130:Dry clutch
18:Wet clutch
1945:Transaxle
1910:Manumatic
1880:Gearshift
1752:Fuel cell
1633:Car phone
1597:Sun visor
1582:Dashboard
1556:Seat belt
1487:Smart key
1380:Tell-tale
1191:1996-1944
1161:Materials
1137:US 850981
1117:US 255957
960:US 906181
920:US 495686
900:US 470797
799:Freewheel
349:In 1928,
241:chainsaws
173:push-type
169:pull-type
119:drill bit
2125:Clutches
2104:Category
2043:Tubeless
2028:Run-flat
2008:Off-road
1825:Coupling
1747:Electric
1651:Category
1394:Controls
1350:Odometer
1325:Carputer
1209:31540186
794:Coupling
782:See also
698:"Clutch"
582:flywheel
441:"Clutch"
156:flywheel
43:reviewed
1661:Commons
1526:Armrest
1510:Seating
1229:17 July
1200:6766303
1169:Bibcode
809:Saxomat
723:scholar
598:ceramic
466:scholar
323:with a
313:presses
2094:Portal
2054:Hybrid
2018:Radial
1996:Hubcap
1810:Clutch
1757:Hybrid
1726:series
1671:Portal
1521:Airbag
1505:Safety
1411:Clutch
1320:Buzzer
1207:
1197:
1189:
1142:
1122:
1088:
1068:
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1025:
1005:
985:
965:
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905:
848:
725:
718:
711:
704:
696:
608:In an
594:copper
468:
461:
454:
447:
439:
309:shears
115:drills
104:engine
81:clutch
2038:Spare
1981:Wheel
1885:Giubo
1618:Audio
1462:Alarm
1406:Brake
730:JSTOR
716:books
516:belts
473:JSTOR
459:books
206:In a
167:In a
146:uses
125:Types
98:In a
89:motor
85:shaft
2033:Snow
2023:Rain
2003:Tire
1280:cars
1231:2014
1205:PMID
1187:ISSN
885:2020
859:2020
846:ISBN
702:news
445:news
303:The
106:and
93:work
1986:Rim
1195:PMC
1177:doi
765:On
685:by
428:by
325:cam
311:or
192:NVH
45:on
2121::
1203:.
1193:.
1185:.
1175:.
1165:12
1163:.
1159:.
875:.
284:.
247:.
239:,
235:,
178:A
142:A
95:.
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1763:)
1759:(
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1698:t
1691:v
1263:e
1256:t
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1179::
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887:.
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746:(
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737:(
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679:.
554:.
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489:(
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480:(
470:·
463:·
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422:.
66:.
49:.
20:)
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