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Wooden Māori carvings are often painted to pick out features. Before modern paints were available this was often a mixture of kōkōwai (red ochre) and shark-liver oil. This was thought to preserve the carvings and also imbue them with a tapu (sacred) status. Following the introduction of metal tools
76:(greenstone). Bone was used for fish hooks and needles amongst other things. Designs on carvings depict tribal ancestors, and are often important for establishing iwi and hapu identity.
103:, or carved aspects of buildings such as churches. Most traditions that survived this period into the late 1800s were centred around communal whakairo schools, mostly located around
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26:
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After
European contact, many traditionally carved items were no longer widely produced in favour of using Western counterparts, such as
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in 1926, is a stronghold of traditional carving skills. Ngata put arts as a 'vital part' of the rejuvenation of Māori culture.
554:
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119:. Carving schools balanced producing art for their own people with commercial works, with many of the most successful being
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in the 1960s there has been a resurgence of whakairo, alongside other traditional Māori practices, and an expansion into
139:, during the tourism boom to the area in the 1870s, with an increased need for carved works such as the model village at
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738:"Te Wiata, Inia Morehu Tauhia Watene Iarahi Waihurihia – Biography – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
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there was a substantial increase in decorative ornamentation, particularly in wood and bone carving.
881:
507:. Nigel Borell, Moana Jackson, Taarati Taiaroa, Auckland Art Gallery. Auckland, New Zealand. 2022.
276:
have substantial holdings of whakairo, with Te Papa in particular having many digitised in their
21:
573:
72:, tool handles and waka (canoe). Carving tools were made from stone, preferably the very hard
95:
or small
European style sailing ships. During the decline, carvers focused instead on carved
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8:
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Brown, D., 2003 Tai
Tokerau Whakairo Rakau: Northland Maori Wood Carving. Reed, Auckland.
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132:
427:"Nineteenth to Mid-Twentieth Century Individual Maori Woodcarvers and Their Known Works"
175:
795:
Barrow, T., 1963 The Life and Work of the Maori Carver. Wellington, Government
Printer.
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91:(war canoes), however this declined during the 1860s when waka taua were superseded by
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Barrow, T., 1965 A Guide to the Maori
Meeting House: Te Hau ki Turanga. Wellington,
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Kimura, A., 1991 "The heart of its people." New
Zealand Historic Places 33:43–45.
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by the 1840s. Traditionally, many expert carvers focused on creating elaborate
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764:"woodcarving – Collections Online – Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa"
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174:. Many carvers express their practices in explicitly spiritual terms. The
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841:
838:, 1986 Te Toi Whakairo: The Art of Maori Carving. Auckland, Reed Methuen.
329:"Jacob William Heberley of Wellington: A Maori Carver in a Changed World"
236:
230:
163:
792:
Archey, G., 1977 Whaowhia: Maori Art and Its
Artists. Auckland, Collins.
683:"Taiapa, Hone Te Kauru – Biography – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
452:
403:
377:
354:
835:
822:
Day, K., 2001 Maori
Woodcarving of the Taranaki Region. Auckland, Reed.
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Barrow, T., 1969 Maori Wood
Sculpture of New Zealand. Wellington, Reed.
108:
631:"Kapua, Eramiha Neke - Biography - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
850:
Phillipps, W.J., 1941 Maori
Carving. New Plymouth, T. Avery and Sons.
92:
88:
80:
65:
844:, 1958 "The origin of Maori carving". Te Ao Hou 22:30–37, 23:30–33.
712:"Taiapa, Pineamine – Biography – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
120:
100:
657:"Pukehika, Hori – Biography – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
582:
Māori art and design: weaving, painting, carving and architecture
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Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
182:) is a significant venue for the promotion and sale of whakairo.
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136:
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Maori carving adorning the exterior of a Wharenui (meetinghouse)
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69:
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Māori Battalion Pouwhenua carved by Eruera Te Whiti Nia (1996)
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Tai Tokerau whakairo rākau = Northland Māori wood carving
555:"Janet McAllister: Sacred practice of creating art"
166:was head of this school for some time. Since the
83:treasure containers being replaced with lockable
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467:
378:"Stylistic Aspects of Two Maori Treasure Boxes"
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504:Toi tū, toi ora : contemporary Māori art
25:Carver working at Te Wānanga Whakairo of the
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334:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
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64:Timber was formed into houses, fencepoles,
27:New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute
535:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
808:Brown, D., 1999 The architecture of the
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32:
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299:"Ruatepupuke and the origin of carving"
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864:Wilson, J. 1993 The Pride of Ngapuhi.
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16:Traditional Māori form of art carving
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825:Firth, R., 1925 The Maori carver.
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827:Journal of the Polynesian Society
814:Journal of the Polynesian Society
810:School of Maori Arts and Crafts
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475:"The carver speaks of his work"
178:(funded by the state-sponsored
148:Māori Arts and Crafts Institute
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584:. Auckland, N.Z: New Holland.
580:Paama-Pengelly, Julie (2010).
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432:Records of the Auckland Museum
383:Records of the Auckland Museum
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605:Brown, Deidre Sharon (2003).
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866:New Zealand Historic Places
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768:collections.tepapa.govt.nz
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887:New Zealand Māori carvers
56:in wood, stone or bone.
861:Vol. 6, Part 87:2433-6.
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44:(art carving) or just
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539:) CS1 maint: others (
425:Neich, Roger (2004).
376:Neich, Roger (2006).
327:Neich, Roger (1991).
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859:New Zealand Heritage
274:Auckland Art Gallery
853:Shadbolt, M., 1973
52:traditional art of
278:Collections online
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207:Eramiha Neke Kapua
180:Toi Māori Aotearoa
143:, and souvenirs.
99:, objects such as
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857:: Master Carver.
591:978-1-86966-244-8
514:978-0-14-377673-4
255:Pakariki Harrison
239:(1901–1972)
168:Māori Renaissance
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257:(1928–2008)
251:(1853–1931)
245:(1915–1971)
237:Pine Taiapa
233:(1911–1979)
231:Hone Taiapa
215:(1905–1975)
209:(1867–1955)
164:Hone Taiapa
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836:Mead, H.M.
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341:: 69–146.
284:References
201:Wero Tāroi
117:East Coast
109:Te Urewera
93:whaleboats
897:Māori art
868:44:37–40.
846:full text
699:1911–1979
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461:Q58623341
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439:: 53–86.
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396:1174-9202
363:Q58677410
347:0067-0464
280:website.
227:(d. 1873)
221:(d. 1932)
89:waka taua
81:waka huia
66:pouwhenua
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453:42905870
408:Wikidata
404:42905882
390:: 5–10.
359:Wikidata
355:42906414
186:Features
121:Te Arawa
115:and the
101:tokotoko
46:whakairo
270:Te Papa
156:Rotorua
137:Rotorua
105:Rotorua
74:pounamu
60:History
54:carving
29:in 1982
770:. 2011
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50:Māori
776:2011
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724:2011
695:2011
669:2011
643:2011
611:ISBN
586:ISBN
567:2011
541:link
537:link
519:OCLC
509:ISBN
489:2011
441:ISSN
392:ISSN
343:ISSN
272:and
146:The
131:and
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