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preservation and restoration. The municipal government of Tel Aviv passed legislation in 2009 that was supposed to cover some 1,000 structures. In 2015 the German government and the city of Tel Aviv entered into an agreement under which
Germany would contribute 2.8 million euros ($ 3.2 million) towards the preservation project over a ten-year period; some of the money would be used for the establishment of a preservation center in Tel Aviv's
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222:
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356:, to draw up a master plan for the new city. Geddes began work in 1925 on the plan, which was accepted in 1929. The view of the British Mandatory authorities seemed to have been supportive. In addition to Geddes, and Dizengoff, the city engineer Ya'acov Ben-Sira contributed significantly to the development and planning during his 1929 to 1951 tenure.
491:
replaced with small recessed windows that limited the heat and glare. Long, narrow balconies, each shaded by the balcony above it, allowed residents to catch the breeze blowing in from the sea to the west. Pitched roofs were replaced with flat ones, providing a common area where residents could socialize in the cool of the evening.
302:. Tel Aviv has the largest number of buildings in the Bauhaus/International Style of any city in the world. Preservation, documentation, and exhibitions have brought attention to Tel Aviv's collection of 1930s architecture. In 2003, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (
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to foster collaboration among architects, craftsmen and artists. Preservation plans in Tel Aviv must balance the ideals of cultural preservation, and modernization to keep pace with the rapidly progressing world. The panel titled Tel Aviv in 2030 included discussions of restoring the city to provide
490:
The architecture had to be adapted to suit the extremes of the
Mediterranean and desert climate. White and light colors reflected the heat. Walls not only provided privacy but protected against the sun. Large areas of glass that let in the light, a key element of the Bauhaus style in Europe, were
529:
was often applied from 1912 on) and in the summer were unbearably hot despite their innovative design features. Tel Aviv's residents took to the streets in the evenings, frequenting the numerous small parks between the buildings and the growing number of coffee shops, where they could enjoy the
568:
Many of the buildings from this period, some architectural classics, had been neglected to the point of ruin, and before legislation was passed, some were demolished. However, out of the original 4,000 Bauhaus buildings built, some have been refurbished and at least 1,500 more are slated for
533:
The apartment blocks provided a variety of services such as childcare, postal services, store, and laundry within the buildings themselves. Additionally, having a connection to the land was viewed as extremely important, so residents were encouraged to grow their own vegetables on an
314:, as "an outstanding example of new town planning and architecture in the early 20th century." The citation recognized the unique adaptation of modern international architectural trends to the cultural, climatic, and local traditions of the city.
407:
into practice. The
Bauhaus principles, with their emphasis on functionality and inexpensive building materials, were perceived as ideal in Tel Aviv. The architects fleeing Europe brought not only Bauhaus ideas; the architectural ideas of
636:
is an organization dedicated to the ongoing documentation of the architectural heritage. In 2003, it hosted an exhibition on preservation of the architecture that showcased 25 buildings. The center is also an independent
379:
Patrick Geddes laid out the streets and decided on block size and utilisation. Geddes did not prescribe an architectural style for the buildings in the new city. But by 1933, many Jewish architects of the
2139:
392:, had fled to the British Mandate of Palestine. Both the emigration of these Jewish architects and the closing of the Bauhaus school in Berlin were consequences of the rise to power of the
1109:
538:
of land set aside next to or behind the building. This created a sense of community for the residents, who were in the main, displaced people from differing cultures and origins.
525:
The style of architecture and construction methods used in the hundreds of new buildings came to define the character of the modern city. Most of the buildings were of concrete (
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1297:
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1731:
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420:, an architect from Mendelsohn's office. In the 1930s in Tel Aviv, many architectural ideas were converging and Tel Aviv was the ideal place for them to be tested.
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1931:
460:
1537:
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on the topics of
Bauhaus and International Style architecture and the city of Tel Aviv. As of 2017, it has published more than 15 titles on these subjects.
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518:. These allow the wind to blow under and cool the apartments, as well as providing a play area for children. In 1935, at the office building Beit Hadar,
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In 2019, "Form and Light" an exhibit of Yigal Gawze's photographs of Tel Aviv's White City architecture in the 1930s opened at the
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more places for people to live, due to the destruction of many buildings as a result of a lack of preservation and war conflicts.
2319:
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was later published as a book and formed the basis of an exhibition called "Dwelling on the Dunes". The exhibition opened at the
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439:. Some sources trace the origin of the term "White City" to this exhibition and its curator Michael Levin, some to the poet
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The residential and public buildings were designed by these architects, and by architects born locally including
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in March 2009, with most of the coverage in the journal on "Tel Aviv 100 Years: A Century of Modern
Buildings."
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endangered site. In 2003, UNESCO named Tel Aviv a World
Heritage Site for its treasure of modern architecture.
1951:
1895:
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975:
91:
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1839:
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was not formally associated with the
Bauhaus, though he had several projects in Israel in the 1930s as did
139:
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28:
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who made a sculpture garden at the headquarters, and had earlier made a sculptural environment entitled
369:
1680:
553:, named after its harsh vertical lines of diagonal, slatted windows running down its four-story length
352:, who had previously worked on town-planning in New Delhi, was commissioned by Tel Aviv's first mayor,
43:
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2008:
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structure was introduced, a technique which facilitates opening the first floor for such purposes.
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2003:
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evening air. This tradition continues in the café society, and nightlife of the city today.
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1849:
1441:
Revival of the
Bauhaus in Tel Aviv: Renovation of the International Style in the White City
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8:
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977:
Message by H.E. Professor
Michael Omolewa President of the General Conference of UNESCO
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opened a small museum and research center on Bialik Street, near the old City Hall and
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and built in 1933, is iconic in that it was Tel Aviv's first building to be built on
53:
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1977:
1946:
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58:
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1936:
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248:
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Preservation and
Renewal - Bauhaus and International Style Buildings in Tel Aviv
1311:
1229:
860:
Imagining Zion: dreams, designs, and realities in a century of Jewish settlement
326:
2192:
2070:
2044:
1890:
1885:
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A place in history: modernism, Tel Aviv, and the creation of Jewish urban space
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In 1984, in celebration of Tel Aviv's 75th year, an exhibition was held at the
353:
349:
291:
2013:
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1982:
1972:
1941:
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1813:
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1534:עיריית תל-אביב-יפו - בית אריאלה - ביבליוגרפיות - העיר הלבנה - מאמרים articles
1503:
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White City, International Style Architecture in Israel, Portrait of an Era
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countries with German cultural influences) after the rise to power of the
2254:
1803:
1772:
1538:עיריית תל-אביב-יפו - בית אריאלה - ביבליוגרפיות - העיר הלבנה - ספרים books
1362:
1251:
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519:
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942:
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that was inspired by the White City. In 1996, Tel Aviv's White City was
447:. In 1994, a conference took place at the UNESCO headquarters, entitled
427:
Location map of the three conservation zones included in the WHS listing
2229:
2224:
1428:
Stefan Boness, "Tel Aviv - The White City", Jovis-Verlag, Berlin 2012,
1133:
Des maisons sur le sable: Tel-Aviv, mouvement moderne et esprit Bauhaus
638:
299:
1556:
1209:"Tel Aviv: Balancing modernization and preservation of the White City"
1044:
546:
104:
2286:
2249:
2156:
1294:
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Germany Donates $ 2.8 Million for Tel Aviv's White City Restorations
962:
Architecture View: Tel Aviv, Showcase of Modernism is Looking Frayed
1767:
1226:
1064:, Israel Magazine-On-Web, 1 April 1998, retrieved 14 September 2009
271:
80:
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2197:
2080:
2018:
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603:
599:
385:
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340:, to be called Tel Aviv, was developed on the sand dunes outside
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Bibliographies in Hebrew prepared by the Beit Ariela library:
1527:
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Jewish refugees put their own twist on Bauhaus homes in Israel
750:
557:
2187:
1333:
Tel Aviv's Bauhaus treasureslike you haven't seen them before
341:
449:
World Conference on the International Style in Architecture.
1247:
1222:
475:
486:
building completed in 1939, which housed a movie theater
944:
Back to Bauhaus: A Weekly Briefing in the Mother Tongue
1106:
The Streets of Tel Aviv: The New City and Its Setting
1543:
Visit the White City of Tel Aviv in 360° Photosphere
807:, World Heritage Centre, retrieved 14 September 2009
746:
514:), the first being the 1933 Engel House designed by
902:
Advisory Body Evaluation: Tel Aviv (Israel) No 1096
443:. The 1984 exhibition traveled to New York, to the
318:organizes regular architectural tours of the city.
1406:Surroundings / Daniella Luxembourg's Bauhaus kiosk
1049:World Heritage Centre, retrieved 14 September 2009
782:, modernist urban villa area in Stockholm, Sweden
1365:Exhibition on Preservation of Bauhaus in Tel Aviv
2311:
1552:The ultimate street signs and house numbers site
577:
2183:Incense Route – Desert Cities in the Negev
2178:Baháʼi Holy Places in Haifa and Western Galilee
1380:"Bauhaus Museum Opens in Tel Aviv's White City"
1363:תערוכה על שימור הבאוהאוס בת"א - כללי - הארץ -
1270:"| C I V A | Agenda > Expositions"
609:On the centennial of the founding of Tel Aviv,
1006:, Gems in Israel, December 2001 / January 2002
470:
34:UNESCO World Heritage Site in Tel Aviv, Israel
2133:
1572:
1438:
1175:Saving the world's largest Bauhaus settlement
1046:White City of Tel-Aviv -- the Modern Movement
582:An architectural survey of the White City by
274:from the 1930s built in a unique form of the
270:) is a collection of over 4,000 buildings in
1548:Buildings for preservation in the White City
984:, 6–8 June 2004, retrieved 17 September 2009
221:
200:Location of White City, Tel Aviv in Tel Aviv
191:
70:White City of Tel-Aviv – the Modern Movement
1901:Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater
2355:International style architecture in Israel
2215:Nahal Me'arot / Wadi el-Mughara Caves
2140:
2126:
1879:Entertainment and performance arts centers
1579:
1565:
627:
622:Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology
52:
2086:Tel Aviv International LGBT Film Festival
1061:Tel Aviv - "Bauhaus Capital" of the World
820:, Stanford University Press, 2006, p. xi
1377:
947:, The Jewish Daily Forward, 25 June 2004
556:
545:
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368:
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325:
1586:
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913:
911:
14:
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922:Taking to the streets - all night long
862:, Yale University Press, 2003, p. 146
564:, built in 1935 and preserved in 2012.
2121:
1691:L. A. Mayer Institute for Islamic Art
1560:
1461:
1371:
1074:
1072:
1070:
892:
890:
644:
541:
1135:, éditions de l’éclat, 2004, p. 307
965:The New York Times, 25 November 1984
908:
905:, p. 57, retrieved 14 September 2009
1264:White City exhibition at the CIVA,
1119:
451:Credit was given to Israeli artist
264:
252:
24:
1293:White City exhibition at the DAM,
1067:
887:
510:Buildings were raised on pillars (
25:
2371:
1656:Anu – Museum of the Jewish People
1485:
412:were also mixed in. Furthermore,
1439:Yavin, Shmuel; Ran Erde (2003).
749:
220:
213:
190:
183:
1906:Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center
1397:
1355:
1341:
1326:
1301:
1287:
1258:
1240:
1215:
1201:
1184:
1167:
1145:
1094:
1052:
1034:
1021:World Monuments Watch 1996-2006
1009:
987:
968:
884:, Deutsche Welle, 1 April 2009.
2320:World Heritage Sites in Israel
1164:, The Jewish Week, 20 May 2009
950:
935:
872:
852:
830:
810:
792:
13:
1:
1952:Sheraton Grand Tel Aviv Hotel
1896:Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
1516:Site by Tel Aviv Municipality
1246:White City exhibition at the
1221:White City exhibition at the
1116:, retrieved 15 September 2009
1031:, retrieved 16 September 2009
878:Ina Rottscheidt, Kate Bowen,
849:, Gems in Israel, April 2001.
786:
660:
578:Documentation and exhibitions
229:White City, Tel Aviv (Israel)
2360:1930s in Mandatory Palestine
2330:Modernist heritage districts
1966:Markets and shopping centers
1840:Ben Yehuda Street (Tel Aviv)
1198:. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
1181:. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
1091:, Gems in Israel, April 2001
839:A Patchwork of Neighborhoods
403:, who put the principles of
364:Bauhaus Foundation, Tel Aviv
312:World Cultural Heritage site
288:British Mandate of Palestine
7:
1504:Artlog: Bauhaus in Tel Aviv
1027:September 28, 2009, at the
996:Dani Karavan's Kikar Levana
742:
471:Adaptation to local climate
286:architects who fled to the
10:
2376:
1462:Gross, Micha, ed. (2015).
1368:, Haaretz, 15 October 2003
396:party in Germany in 1933.
321:
45:UNESCO World Heritage Site
26:
2335:Neighborhoods of Tel Aviv
2285:
2163:
2094:
2063:
2032:
1996:
1965:
1919:
1878:
1827:
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1709:
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498:Engel House, designed by
177:
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126:140.4 ha (347 acres)
122:
110:
100:
96:Cultural: (ii), (iv)
90:
74:
66:
51:
42:
2277:Beit She'arim necropolis
765:Geddes Plan for Tel Aviv
590:in 2004 and traveled to
331:Geddes Plan for Tel Aviv
306:) proclaimed Tel Aviv's
290:from Germany (and other
1732:Hilton Beach (Tel-Aviv)
1686:Joseph Bau House Museum
1500:, World Heritage Centre
1468:Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv
1445:Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv
932:, Haaretz, 29 June 2007
634:Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv
628:Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv
374:Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv
316:Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv
134:197 ha (490 acres)
2262:White City of Tel Aviv
2076:White Night (Tel Aviv)
2055:Menora Mivtachim Arena
2050:Sportek Baseball Field
2009:Mișu King of the Kebab
1932:David InterContinental
1701:Tel Aviv Museum of Art
1352:, Haaretz, 18 May 2008
1308:Docomomo International
1112:June 22, 2010, at the
770:Architecture of Israel
611:Docomomo International
588:Tel Aviv Museum of Art
565:
554:
507:
487:
433:Tel Aviv Museum of Art
428:
376:
366:
336:The concept for a new
333:
38:White City of Tel-Aviv
18:White City of Tel Aviv
2345:Landmarks in Tel Aviv
2325:White City (Tel Aviv)
1997:Cafes and restaurants
1416:, Haaretz, 1 May 2008
718:Mordechai Rosengarten
632:Established in 2000,
560:
551:The Thermometer House
549:
497:
478:
426:
372:
362:
329:
2149:World Heritage Sites
2107:Tel Aviv Global City
1850:Rothschild Boulevard
1384:Architectural Record
1196:Jewish Business News
1154:Bauhaus is Our House
1058:Daniella Ashkenazy,
1016:World Monuments Fund
465:World Monuments Fund
278:, commonly known as
268:Al-Madinah al-Bayḍā’
204:Show map of Tel Aviv
27:For other uses, see
2340:History of Tel Aviv
1927:Dan Hotel, Tel Aviv
1828:Streets and squares
1671:Eretz Israel Museum
1605:Eretz Israel Museum
1587:Tourism in Tel Aviv
1129:Nitza Metzger-Szmuk
1101:Stanford University
1081:Bauhaus in Tel Aviv
858:Selwyn Ilan Troen,
757:Architecture portal
615:Docomomo Journal 40
584:Nitza Metzger Szmuk
527:reinforced concrete
484:International Style
405:modern architecture
276:International Style
158: /
39:
2040:Bloomfield Stadium
1758:Charles Clore Park
1521:2010-09-04 at the
1509:2010-11-27 at the
1412:2008-10-08 at the
1349:The Bauhaus Center
1319:2009-02-16 at the
1234:2012-02-17 at the
1160:2016-01-16 at the
1087:2009-04-08 at the
1002:2010-06-15 at the
928:2009-04-26 at the
845:2009-04-30 at the
706:Yehuda Magidovitch
651:Bauhaus Foundation
645:Bauhaus Foundation
571:Max-Liebling House
566:
555:
542:Preservation plans
508:
488:
429:
377:
367:
334:
232:Show map of Israel
67:Official name
37:
2307:
2306:
2297:of Jerusalem and
2115:
2114:
2102:Tourism in Israel
1778:Independence Park
1751:Parks and gardens
1681:Independence Hall
1676:Ilana Goor Museum
1635:Shalom Meir Tower
1615:Jaffa Clock Tower
1528:White Villa Hotel
1477:978-965-7668-00-9
1454:978-965-90606-0-3
1434:978-3-939633-75-4
1361:Esther Zandberg,
1194:" (19 May 2015).
1177:" (15 May 2015).
974:Michael Omolewa,
816:Barbara E. Mann,
701:Richard Kauffmann
241:
240:
162:32.067°N 34.783°E
16:(Redirected from
2367:
2173:Old City of Acre
2142:
2135:
2128:
2119:
2118:
1978:Dizengoff Center
1947:Carlton Tel Aviv
1845:Dizengoff Street
1819:Kerem HaTeimanim
1742:Tel Baruch Beach
1666:Ben-Gurion House
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1281:
1272:. Archived from
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1238:
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1213:
1212:
1211:. 19 April 2016.
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639:publishing house
414:Erich Mendelsohn
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131:Buffer zone
59:Dizengoff Square
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46:
40:
36:
21:
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2245:Tel Be'er Sheva
2241:Biblical Tells
2159:
2146:
2116:
2111:
2090:
2059:
2028:
1992:
1961:
1957:Jerusalem Hotel
1937:Hilton Tel Aviv
1915:
1874:
1823:
1787:
1746:
1737:Metzitzim Beach
1705:
1644:
1588:
1585:
1523:Wayback Machine
1511:Wayback Machine
1497:Nomination file
1488:
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1420:
1414:Wayback Machine
1402:
1398:
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1321:Wayback Machine
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1236:Wayback Machine
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1162:Wayback Machine
1151:Sharon Udasin,
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1114:Wayback Machine
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1089:Wayback Machine
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1029:Wayback Machine
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1004:Wayback Machine
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957:Paul Goldberger
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930:Wayback Machine
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847:Wayback Machine
835:
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775:Israeli culture
755:
748:
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732:Ben-Ami Shulman
663:
647:
630:
580:
544:
473:
441:Nathan Alterman
401:Ben-Ami Shulman
324:
265:المدينة البيضاء
257:Ha-Ir ha-Levana
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62:
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35:
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15:
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2078:
2073:
2071:Tel Aviv Pride
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2045:Drive in Arena
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1893:
1891:Habima Theatre
1888:
1886:Cameri Theater
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1865:Kikar Hamedina
1862:
1857:
1855:Shenkin Street
1852:
1847:
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1835:Allenby Street
1831:
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1727:Frishman Beach
1724:
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1696:Palmach Museum
1693:
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1673:
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1663:
1661:Bauhaus Center
1658:
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1637:
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1620:Palmach Museum
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1600:Azrieli Center
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1487:
1486:External links
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1403:David Bachar,
1396:
1378:Esther Hecht.
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1179:Deutsche Welle
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1078:Yael Zisling,
1066:
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993:Yael Zisling,
986:
967:
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941:Bill Strubbe,
934:
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836:Yael Zisling,
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667:Genia Averbuch
662:
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629:
626:
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382:Bauhaus school
354:Meir Dizengoff
350:Patrick Geddes
348:urban planner
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2033:Sports venues
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2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:Sarona Market
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:Carmel Market
1971:
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1968:
1964:
1958:
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1945:
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1942:Isrotel Tower
1940:
1938:
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1918:
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1911:Expo Tel Aviv
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1889:
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1860:Habima Square
1858:
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1814:Tel Aviv Port
1812:
1810:
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1800:
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1794:
1792:Neighborhoods
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1763:Dubnow Garden
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1610:Habima Square
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1276:on 2009-04-22
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1141:2-84162-077-8
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1023:
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978:
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893:
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875:
869:
868:0-300-09483-3
865:
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844:
841:
840:
833:
827:
826:0-8047-5019-X
823:
819:
813:
806:
805:
804:Decision Text
800:
795:
791:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
758:
752:
747:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:Josef Neufeld
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
678:Joseph Berlin
676:
673:
671:Samuel Barkai
670:
668:
665:
664:
658:
656:
652:
642:
640:
635:
625:
623:
618:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
575:
572:
563:
559:
552:
548:
539:
537:
531:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
505:
501:
496:
492:
485:
481:
477:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:Jewish Museum
442:
438:
434:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
375:
371:
365:
361:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
332:
328:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:East European
293:
289:
285:
284:German Jewish
281:
277:
273:
269:
262:
258:
250:
246:
216:
186:
176:
171:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
55:
50:
47:
41:
30:
19:
1988:Shuk HaNamel
1870:Rabin Square
1722:Gordon Beach
1717:Banana Beach
1630:Rokach House
1625:Rabin Square
1496:
1466:. Tel Aviv:
1463:
1443:. Tel Aviv:
1440:
1423:Bibliography
1422:
1421:
1405:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1383:
1373:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1343:
1328:
1323:, March 2009
1312:
1303:
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1260:
1242:
1217:
1203:
1195:
1186:
1178:
1169:
1153:
1147:
1132:
1105:
1096:
1080:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1020:
1011:
995:
989:
976:
970:
961:
952:
943:
937:
921:
919:Goel Pinto,
901:
880:
874:
859:
854:
838:
832:
817:
812:
803:
794:
727:Arieh Sharon
714:Zeev Rechter
692:Pinhas Huett
655:Bialik House
648:
631:
619:
614:
608:
581:
567:
550:
532:
524:
516:Zeev Rechter
509:
500:Zeev Rechter
489:
480:Cinema Hotel
479:
457:Kikar Levana
456:
453:Dani Karavan
448:
436:
430:
410:Le Corbusier
398:
390:Arieh Sharon
378:
335:
307:
267:
256:
244:
242:
61:in the 1940s
2272:Beit Guvrin
2255:Tel Megiddo
2235:El Wad Cave
2014:Café Hillel
1804:Neve Tzedek
1773:Yarkon Park
1389:5 September
1252:Switzerland
780:Södra Ängby
688:Elsa Gidoni
657:, in 2008.
624:in Lisbon.
596:Switzerland
562:HaYarkon 96
520:steel frame
338:garden city
165: /
140:Coordinates
114:2003 (27th
111:Inscription
2314:Categories
2225:Skhul Cave
2004:Abu Hassan
1640:White City
1313:Journal 40
1280:2017-10-28
787:References
722:Carl Rubin
661:Architects
613:published
418:Carl Rubin
308:White City
253:העיר הלבנה
245:White City
29:White City
2299:its Walls
2287:Jerusalem
2266:Caves of
2250:Tel Hazor
2157:Jerusalem
1799:Florentin
1783:Meir Park
1593:Landmarks
1295:Frankfurt
696:Dov Karmi
536:allotment
435:entitled
344:in 1909.
101:Reference
2295:Old City
1768:Gan Meir
1519:Archived
1507:Archived
1410:Archived
1317:Archived
1266:Brussels
1232:Archived
1227:Montreal
1158:Archived
1110:Archived
1085:Archived
1025:Archived
1000:Archived
926:Archived
843:Archived
743:See also
346:Scottish
272:Tel Aviv
92:Criteria
81:Tel Aviv
76:Location
2350:Bauhaus
2268:Maresha
2198:Mampsis
2095:Related
2081:Docaviv
2019:HaSalon
1710:Beaches
1649:Museums
1337:Haaretz
604:Germany
600:Belgium
512:pilotis
504:pilotis
388:, like
386:Germany
322:History
292:Central
280:Bauhaus
153:34°47′E
150:32°04′N
116:Session
2210:Masada
2203:Shivta
2193:Haluza
2165:Israel
2153:Israel
2064:Events
2024:Mashya
1920:Hotels
1809:Sarona
1492:UNESCO
1474:
1451:
1432:
1139:
1041:UNESCO
982:UNESCO
897:UNESCO
866:
824:
799:UNESCO
592:Canada
461:listed
304:UNESCO
261:Arabic
249:Hebrew
85:Israel
2230:Tabun
2220:Jamal
2188:Avdat
1550:from
482:, an
463:as a
342:Jaffa
300:Nazis
282:, by
2270:and
2155:and
1472:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1391:2012
1248:EPFL
1223:UQAM
1137:ISBN
864:ISBN
822:ISBN
649:The
602:and
394:Nazi
294:and
243:The
123:Area
105:1096
2151:in
384:in
2316::
1536:,
1494:,
1470:.
1447:.
1382:.
1335:,
1310:,
1250:,
1225:,
1131:,
1121:^
1103:,
1069:^
1043:,
1018:,
980:,
959:,
910:^
899:,
889:^
801:,
606:.
598:,
594:,
310:a
263::
259:;
255:,
251::
83:,
2141:e
2134:t
2127:v
1580:e
1573:t
1566:v
1480:.
1457:.
1393:.
1283:.
1190:"
1173:"
506:.
247:(
118:)
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
