638:, about 12 minutes walk from Berner Street. She had been killed less than 10 minutes earlier by a slash to the throat from left to right with a sharp, pointed knife at least 6 inches (15 cm) long. Her face and abdomen were mutilated, and her intestines were drawn out over the right shoulder with a detached length between her torso and left arm. Her left kidney and most of her uterus were removed. The Eddowes inquest was opened on 4 October by Samuel F. Langham, coroner for the City of London. The examining pathologist, Dr Frederick Gordon Brown, believed the perpetrator "had considerable knowledge of the position of the organs" and from the position of the wounds on the body he could tell that the murderer had knelt to the right of the body, and worked alone. However, the first doctor at the scene, local surgeon Dr George William Sequeira, disputed that the killer possessed anatomical skill or sought particular organs. His view was shared by City medical officer William Sedgwick Saunders, who was also present at the autopsy. Because of this murder's location, the
788:, believed that Kelly was killed by a slash to the throat. After her death, her abdominal cavity was sliced open and all her viscera removed and spread around the room. Her breasts had been cut off, her face mutilated beyond recognition, and her thighs partially cut through to the bone, with some of the muscles removed. Unlike the other victims, she was undressed and wore only a light chemise. Her clothes were folded neatly on a chair, with the exception of some found burnt in the grate. Abberline thought the clothes had been burned by the murderer to provide light, as the room was otherwise only dimly lit by a single candle. Kelly's murder was the most savage, probably because the murderer had more time to commit his atrocities in a private room rather than in the street. Her state of undress and folded clothes have led to suggestions that she undressed herself before lying down on the bed, which would indicate that she was killed by someone she knew, by someone she believed to be a client, or when she was asleep or intoxicated.
22:
503:, dubbed "Leather Apron", who had a reputation for terrorising local prostitutes. His alibis for the two most recent murders were corroborated, and he was released without charge. At the inquest one of the witnesses, Mrs Elizabeth Long, testified that she had seen Chapman talking to a man at about 5:30 am just beyond the back yard of 29 Hanbury Street, where Chapman was later found. Baxter inferred that the man Mrs Long had seen was the murderer. Mrs Long described him as over forty, a little taller than Chapman, of dark complexion, and of foreign, "shabby-genteel" appearance. He was wearing a brown deer-stalker hat and a dark overcoat. Another witness, carpenter Albert Cadosch, had entered the neighbouring yard at 27 Hanbury Street at about the same time, and heard voices in the yard followed by the sound of something or someone falling against the fence.
507:
1015:
658:
implied to private detectives employed by the
Whitechapel Vigilance Committee that he had sold some grapes to Stride and the murderer; however, he had told police that he had shut his shop without seeing anything suspicious. At the inquest, the pathologists stated emphatically that Stride had not held, swallowed or consumed grapes. They described her stomach contents as "cheese, potatoes and farinaceous powder ". Nevertheless, Packer's story appeared in the press. Packer's description of the man did not match the statements by other witnesses who may have seen Stride with a man shortly before her murder, but all but two of the descriptions differed.
769:
496:, was of the opinion that the murderer must have possessed anatomical knowledge to have sliced out the reproductive organs in a single movement with a blade about 6–8 inches (15–20 cm) long. However, the idea that the murderer possessed surgical skill was dismissed by other experts. As the bodies were not examined extensively at the scene, it has also been suggested that the organs were actually removed by mortuary staff, who took advantage of bodies that had already been opened to extract organs that they could sell as surgical specimens.
754:, claiming to be from the killer. The handwriting and style were unlike that of the "Dear Boss" letter and "Saucy Jacky" postcard. The letter arrived with a small box containing half of a human kidney preserved in alcohol. The letter's writer claimed that he had extracted it from the body of Eddowes and that he had "fried and ate" the missing half. Opinion on whether the kidney and the letter were genuine was and is divided. By the end of October, the police had interviewed more than 2,000 people, investigated "upwards of 300", and detained 80.
385:
262:
478:
1120:
399:(since renamed Durward Street), a back street in Whitechapel. Her body was discovered by cart driver Charles Cross at 3:45 am on the ground in front of a gated stable entrance. Her throat had been slit twice from left to right and her abdomen was mutilated by a deep jagged wound. Several shallower incisions across the abdomen, and three or four similar cuts on the right side were caused by the same knife used violently and downwards. As the murder occurred in the territory of the J or
895:
to the discovery of her torso. The victim's abdomen was also extensively mutilated in a manner reminiscent of the Ripper, although her genitals had not been wounded. The dismembered sections of the body are believed to have been transported to the railway arch, hidden under an old chemise. The age of the victim was estimated at 30–40 years. Despite a search of the area, no other sections of her body were ever found, and neither the victim nor the culprit were ever identified.
601:
344:
1092:
3693:
866:
620:
148:
324:, a detective constable stationed with H Division, later wrote that he believed Smith to be the first victim of Jack the Ripper, but his colleagues suspected her murder was the work of a criminal gang. Smith claimed that she was attacked by two or three men, but either refused to or could not describe them beyond stating one was a teenager. East End prostitutes were often managed by gangs, and Smith could have been attacked by her
1106:
971:
612:
minutes before, and her body was otherwise unmutilated. It is possible that the murderer was disturbed before he could commit any mutilation of the body by someone entering the yard, perhaps Louis
Diemschutz, who discovered the body. However, some commentators on the case conclude that Stride's murder was unconnected to the others on the basis that the body was unmutilated, that it was the only murder to occur south of
492:, Spitalfields. Chapman had left her lodgings at 2 am on the day she was murdered, with the intention of getting money from a client to pay her rent. Her throat was cut from left to right. She had been disembowelled, and her intestines had been thrown out of her abdomen over each of her shoulders. The morgue examination revealed that part of her uterus was missing. The pathologist,
1006:, who had earlier been seen with Coles, was arrested by the police and charged with her murder. A high-profile investigation by Swanson and Moore into Sadler's past history and his whereabouts at the time of the previous Whitechapel murders indicates that the police may have suspected him to be the Ripper. However, Sadler was released on 3 March for lack of evidence.
423:
925:". Monro agreed with Swanson's assessment. These three murders and the Pinchin Street case are suggested to be the work of a serial killer, nicknamed the "Torso killer", who could either be the same person as "Jack the Ripper" or a separate killer of uncertain connection. Links between these and three further murders—the "
667:
281:, Whitechapel, in the early hours of the morning. Although injured, she survived the attack and managed to walk back to her lodging house at 18 George Street, Spitalfields. She told the deputy keeper, Mary Russell, that she had been attacked by two or three men, one of them a teenager. Russell took Smith to the
856:
or natural death as there were no signs of a struggle. The coroner, Wynne Baxter, told the inquest jury that "there is no evidence to show that death was the result of violence". Nevertheless, the jury returned a verdict of "wilful murder against some person or persons unknown" and the case was added
662:
passed through Mitre Square with two other men shortly before
Eddowes was murdered there, and may have seen her with a man of about 30 years old, who was shabbily dressed, wore a peaked cap, and had a fair moustache. Chief Inspector Swanson noted that Lawende's description was a near match to another
611:
On Sunday 30 September, the body of prostitute
Elizabeth Stride was discovered at about 1 am in Dutfield's Yard, inside the gateway of 40 Berner Street (since renamed Henriques Street), Whitechapel. She was lying in a pool of blood with her throat cut from left to right. She had been killed just
978:
The last of the murders in the
Whitechapel file was committed on Friday 13 February 1891 when prostitute Frances Coles was murdered under a railway arch in Swallow Gardens, Whitechapel. Her body was found at 2:15 am, only moments after the attack, by PC Ernest Thompson, who later stated that he
462:
concluded that
Nichols was murdered at just after 3 am where she was found. In his summing up, he dismissed the possibility that her murder was connected with those of Smith and Tabram, as the lethal weapons were different in those cases, and neither of the earlier cases involved a slash to the
138:
were actively involved in the search for the perpetrator or perpetrators. Despite extensive enquiries and several arrests, the culprit or culprits evaded capture, and the murders were never solved. The
Whitechapel murders drew attention to the poor living conditions in the East End slums, which were
905:
noted that the presence of blood within the torso indicated that death was not from haemorrhage or cutting of the throat. The pathologists, however, noted that the general bloodlessness of the tissues and vessels indicated that haemorrhage was the cause of death. Newspaper speculation that the body
894:
A woman's torso was found at 5:15 a.m. on
Tuesday 10 September 1889 under a railway arch in Pinchin Street, Whitechapel. Extensive bruising about the victim's back, hip, and arm indicated that she had been severely beaten shortly before her death, which had occurred approximately one day prior
877:
Later writers are also divided, and either suggest that McKenzie was a Ripper victim, or that the unknown murderer tried to make it look like a Ripper killing to deflect suspicion from himself. At the inquest, Coroner Baxter acknowledged both possibilities, and concluded: "There is great similarity
982:
Coles was lying beneath a passageway under a railway arch between
Chamber Street and Royal Mint Street. She was still alive, but died before medical help could arrive. Minor wounds on the back of her head suggest that she was thrown violently to the ground before her throat was cut at least twice,
354:
On
Tuesday 7 August, following a Monday bank holiday, prostitute Martha Tabram was murdered at about 2:30 am. Her body was found at George Yard Buildings, George Yard, Whitechapel, shortly before 5:00 a.m. She had been stabbed 39 times about her neck, torso and genitals with a short
106:
and robbed by a gang. Tabram was stabbed 39 times. Nichols, Chapman, Stride, Eddowes, Kelly, McKenzie and Coles had their throats cut. Eddowes and Stride were murdered on the same night, within approximately an hour and less than a mile apart; their murders are known as the "double event", after a
1040:
The poor of the East End had long been ignored by affluent society, but the nature of the Whitechapel murders and of the victims' impoverished lifestyles drew national attention to their living conditions. The murders galvanised public opinion against the overcrowded, unsanitary slums of the East
873:
Alice McKenzie was possibly a prostitute, and was murdered at about 12:40 am on Wednesday 17 July 1889 in Castle Alley, Whitechapel. Like most of the previous murders, her left carotid artery was severed from left to right and there were wounds on her abdomen. However, her wounds were not as
708:
by them himself as a public demonstration of their efficacy. However, the idea was abandoned because the trail of scents was confused in the busy city, the dogs were inexperienced in an urban environment, and Brough was concerned that the dogs would be poisoned by criminals if their role in crime
657:
The Middlesex coroner, Wynne Baxter, believed that Stride had been attacked with a swift, sudden action. She was still holding a packet of cachous (breath-freshening sweets) in her left hand when she was discovered, indicating that she had not had time to defend herself. A grocer, Matthew Packer,
835:
resolved to offer a pardon to any accomplice who came forward with information that led to the conviction of the actual murderer. The Metropolitan Police Commissioner reported that the Whitechapel murderer remained unidentified despite 143 extra plain-clothes policemen deployed in Whitechapel in
851:
Four doctors who examined Mylett's body thought she had been murdered, but Robert Anderson thought she had accidentally hanged herself on the collar of her dress while in a drunken stupor. At Anderson's request Dr Bond examined Mylett's body, and he agreed with Anderson. Commissioner Monro also
616:, and that the blade used might have been shorter and of a different design. Most experts, however, consider the similarities in the case distinctive enough to connect Stride's murder with at least two of the earlier ones, as well as that of Catherine Eddowes on the same night.
874:
deep as in previous murders, and a shorter blade was used. Commissioner Monro and one of the pathologists examining the body, Bond, believed this to be a Ripper murder, though another of the pathologists, Phillips, and Robert Anderson disagreed, as did Inspector Abberline.
887:
784:. One of the earlier victims, Chapman, had lived in Dorset Street, and another, Eddowes, was reported to have occasionally slept rough there. Kelly's severely mutilated body was discovered shortly after 10:45 am lying on the bed. The first doctor at the scene, Dr
906:
belonged to Lydia Hart, who had disappeared, was refuted after she was found recovering in hospital after "a bit of a spree". Another claim that the victim was a missing girl called Emily Barker was also refuted, as the torso was from an older and taller woman.
650:, which read either "The Juwes are the men that will not be blamed for nothing" or "The Juwes are not the men who will be blamed for nothing." At 5 am, Commissioner Warren attended the scene and ordered the words erased for fear that they would spark
209:
Police work and criminal prosecutions at the time relied heavily on confessions, witness testimony, and apprehending perpetrators in the act of committing an offence or in the possession of obvious physical evidence that clearly linked them to a crime.
2666:
Report to the Home Office by Swanson, 10 September 1889, MEPO 3/140 ff. 136–40, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 480–482; Report to the Home Office by Monro, 11 September 1889, HO 144/221/A49301K ff. 1–8, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp.
369:
Most experts do not connect Tabram's murder with the others attributed to the Ripper, because she had been repeatedly stabbed, whereas later victims typically suffered slash wounds and abdominal mutilations. However, a connection cannot be ruled out.
799:
on 12 November. Amid scenes of great emotion, an "enormous crowd" of mourners attended Mary Kelly's funeral on 19 November. The streets became gridlocked and the cortège struggled to travel from Shoreditch mortuary to the Roman Catholic Cemetery at
731:, which was under construction. It was linked to the Whitechapel murders by the press, but it was not included in the Whitechapel murders file, and any connection between the two is now considered unlikely. The case became known as the
724:, and also signed "Jack the Ripper", was received by the agency. It claimed responsibility for the most recent murders on 30 September, and described the murders of the two women as the "double event", a designation which has endured.
582:. A German hairdresser named Charles Ludwig was taken into custody on 18 September on suspicion of the murders, but he was released less than two weeks later when a double murder demonstrated that the real culprit was still at large.
194:
The common lodging-houses in and around Whitechapel provided cheap communal lodgings for the desperate, the destitute and the transient, among whom the Whitechapel murder victims were numbered. The nightly price of a single bed was
1063:
were wasting our time on education, agitation and organisation, some independent genius has taken the matter in hand, and by simply murdering and disembowelling ... women, converted the proprietary press to an inept sort of
2676:
Report of Dr Charles A. Hebbert, 16 September 1889, MEPO 3/140 ff. 146–7, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 496–497; inquest testimony of George Bagster Phillips, 24 September 1889, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp.
1072:
and the Public Health Amendment Act 1890, set minimum standards for accommodation in an effort to transform degenerated urban areas. The worst of the slums were demolished in the two decades following the Whitechapel murders.
645:
At 3 am, a blood-stained fragment of Eddowes's apron was found lying in the passage of the doorway leading to 108 to 119 Goulston Street, Whitechapel, about a third of a mile (500 m) from the murder scene. There was
663:
provided by one of the witnesses who may have seen Stride with her murderer. However, Lawende stated that he would not be able to identify the man again, and the two other men with Lawende were unable to give descriptions.
241:
Eleven deaths in or near Whitechapel between 1888 and 1891 were gathered into a single file, referred to in the police docket as the Whitechapel murders. Much of the original material has been stolen, lost, or destroyed.
1219:
434:
Initial investigations into the murder had little success, although elements of the press linked it to the two previous murders and suggested the killing might have been perpetrated by a gang, as in the case of Smith.
186:
were commonplace. The district was characterised by extreme poverty, sub-standard housing, poor sanitation, homelessness, drunkenness and endemic prostitution. These factors were focused in the institution of the 233
328:
as a punishment for disobeying them, or as an act of intimidation. She may not have identified her attackers because she feared reprisal. Her murder is considered unlikely to be connected with the later killings.
2219:
Quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, p. 167; Evans and Skinner (2001), p. 63; Chief Inspector Swanson's report, 6 November 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 185–188 and Rumbelow, p.
269:
was attacked near the junction of Osborn Street and Brick Lane (red circle). She lived in a common lodging-house at 18 George Street (later named Lolesworth Street), one block west of where she was attacked.
441:
newspaper suggested instead that a single killer was responsible and other newspapers took up their storyline. Suspicions of a serial killer at large in London led to the secondment of Detective Inspectors
1028:
The murderer or murderers were never identified and the cases remain unsolved. Sensational reportage and the mystery surrounding the identity of the killer or killers fed the development of the character
463:
throat. However, by the time the inquest into Nichols's death had concluded, a fourth woman had been murdered, and Baxter noted "The similarity of the injuries in the two cases is considerable."
366:
on an identification parade, but without positive results. Police did not connect Tabram's murder with the earlier murder of Emma Smith, but they did connect her death with later murders.
878:
between this and the other class of cases, which have happened in this neighbourhood, and if the same person has not committed this crime, it is clearly an imitation of the other cases."
831:, head of the London CID, detailing the similarities between the five murders of Nichols, Chapman, Stride, Eddowes and Kelly, "no doubt committed by the same hand". On the same day, the
3329:
1209:
700:
to track the killer in the event of another attack was considered and Warren not only loaned two named Burgho and Barnaby from Edwin Brough of Wyndyate near Scarborough (now
488:
The mutilated body of the fourth woman, Annie Chapman, was discovered at about 6:00 am on Saturday 8 September on the ground near a doorway in the back yard of 29
3771:
59:
between 3 April 1888 and 13 February 1891. At various points some or all of these eleven unsolved murders of women have been ascribed to the notorious unidentified
2698:
Report to the Home Office by Swanson, 10 September 1889, MEPO 3/140 ff. 136–40, quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 210–213 and Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 480–482
3781:
2707:
Report to the Home Office by Monro, 11 September 1889, HO 144/221/A49301K ff. 1–8, quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, p. 213 and Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 492–494
566:, who was in charge of H (Whitechapel) Division, went on leave on 2 September. Anderson's absence left overall direction of the enquiries confused, and led
2399:
Letter from Thomas Bond to Robert Anderson, 10 November 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 360–362 and Rumbelow, pp. 145–147
1535:, p. 56). In his memoirs, Assistant Commissioner Robert Anderson said the second murder occurred on 31 August (quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 632).
273:
On Tuesday 3 April 1888, following the Easter Monday bank holiday, 45-year-old prostitute Emma Elizabeth Smith was assaulted and robbed at the junction of
1931:
Examining pathologist Dr Frederick Gordon Brown quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, p. 128; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 207; and Marriott, pp. 132–133, 141–143
556:) refused to do because such a move could lead to false or misleading information. The Committee employed two private detectives to investigate the case.
182:
recommended Whitechapel to "those who take an interest in the dangerous classes" as one of London's prime criminal "show places". Robbery, violence and
983:
from left to right and then back again. Otherwise there were no mutilations to the body, leading some to believe Thompson had disturbed her assailant.
848:
High Street. Mylett (born Catherine Milett and known as Drunken Lizzie Davis and Fair Alice Downey) had lodged at 18 George Street, as had Emma Smith.
823:, who had resigned a few months earlier over differences with Warren, was appointed as his replacement in December. On 10 November, the police surgeon
2136:, pp. 193–194; Chief Inspector Swanson's report, 6 November 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 24–25; Fido, pp. 45, 77
739:
visited Scotland Yard and offered to track down the murderer using paranormal powers; the police turned him away and "called a fool and a lunatic".
2374:
1981:
206:, including three in George Street (later named Lolesworth Street), two in Dorset Street, two in Flower and Dean Street and one in Thrawl Street.
1993:
Detective Constable Daniel Halse's inquest testimony, 11 October 1888, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 214–215 and Marriott, pp. 150–151
1080:. Arnold retired the following year, and Swanson and Anderson retired after 1900. No document in the Whitechapel murders file dates after 1896.
1133:
199:(equivalent to £2.35 in 2023) and the cost of sleeping upon a "lean-to" rope stretched across the bedrooms was 2d for adults or children.
3801:
3786:
844:
On Thursday 20 December 1888, a patrolling constable found the strangled body of 26-year-old prostitute Rose Mylett in Clarke's Yard, off
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3540:
720:, in which the writer, who signed himself "Jack the Ripper", claimed to have committed the murders. On 1 October, a postcard, dubbed the
358:
On the basis of statements from a fellow prostitute, and PC Thomas Barrett who was patrolling nearby, Inspector Reid put soldiers at the
21:
1033:", who was blamed for all or most of the murders. Hundreds of books and articles discuss the Whitechapel murders, and they feature in
3374:
2381:, 11 November 1888, Royal Archives VIC/A67/20, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 357; Fido, p. 137; Whitehead and Rivett, p. 90
3438:
812:
567:
533:
412:
234:, a senior minister of the British government, controlled the Metropolitan Police, whereas the City Police were responsible to the
3112:
1527:
wrote in his memoirs, that "there can be no doubt that the August Bank Holiday murder ... was the handiwork of the Ripper" (
1069:
1014:
780:
On Friday 9 November, prostitute Mary Jane Kelly was murdered in the single room where she lived at 13 Miller's Court, behind 26
99:
3776:
2306:
Inspector Abberline's inquest testimony, 12 November 1888, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 375–376 and Marriott, p. 177
1138:
746:, Anderson, eventually returned from leave on 6 October and took charge of the investigation for Scotland Yard. On 16 October,
654:
riots. Goulston Street was on a direct route from Mitre Square to Flower and Dean Street, where both Stride and Eddowes lived.
3311:
3293:
3279:
3265:
3251:
3209:
3195:
3181:
3098:
3084:
2772:
2725:
2486:
1297:
959:
689:
139:
subsequently improved. The enduring mystery of who committed the crimes has captured public imagination to the present day.
1077:
529:
1673:
Cook, p. 221; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 71–72; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 67–68, 87; Marriott, pp. 26–29; Rumbelow, p. 42
3806:
3658:
2033:
Testimony of Dr Blackwell, the first surgeon at the scene, quoted by Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 163 and Rumbelow, p. 71
1940:
Sequeira's inquest testimony quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, p. 128; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 208; and Marriott, p. 144
1904:
Inquest testimony of surveyor Frederick William Foster, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 201–202; Marriott, p. 138
1344:
696:
offered a reward of £500 (roughly £70,000 as of 2024) for information leading to the capture of the villain. The use of
1143:
1003:
979:
heard retreating footsteps in the distance. As contemporary police practices dictated, Thompson remained at the scene.
2779:
the Thames torso murderer has gripped readers and historians ever since he committed his crimes in the 1870s and 1880s
552:
and offered a reward for the apprehension of the killer—something the Metropolitan Police (under instruction from the
3237:
3223:
3164:
3150:
3136:
3070:
3056:
2991:
2516:
Report by James Monro, 23 December 1888, HO 144/221/A49301H ff. 7–14, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 423–425
828:
743:
559:
408:
179:
52:
2498:
Robert Anderson to James Monro, 11 January 1889, MEPO 3/143 ff. E–J, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 434–436
3746:
3741:
3586:
2960:
955:
2417:
Letter to the Home Office of 18 July 1889 and Commissioner's Report for 1888, quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, p. 204
933:"—have also been postulated. Experts on the murders—colloquially known as "Ripperologists"—such as Stewart Evans,
562:
was appointed head of the CID on 1 September, but he went on sick leave to Switzerland on the 7th. Superintendent
3653:
3514:
2290:
1879:
824:
792:
545:
514:
135:
506:
3448:
630:
At 1:45 am, Catherine Eddowes's mutilated body was found by PC Edward Watkins at the south-west corner of
563:
3796:
3509:
3367:
2318:, 10 November 1888, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 338; Marriott, p. 179; Whitehead and Rivett, p. 86
832:
2865:
Examining pathologist Dr Phillips, and Dr F. J. Oxley, first doctor at the scene, quoted in Marriott, p. 198
403:
Division of the Metropolitan Police, it was at first investigated by the local detectives. On the same day,
285:, where a medical examination revealed that a blunt object had been inserted into her vagina, rupturing her
111:
by an individual claiming to be the Ripper. The bodies of Nichols, Chapman, Eddowes and Kelly had abdominal
3612:
3468:
2119:
Inspector Donald Swanson's report to the Home Office, 19 October 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in Begg,
930:
781:
713:
447:
316:, who also conducted inquests on six of the later victims. The local inspector of the Metropolitan Police,
175:
151:
2451:"Rose Mylett (1862-1888) a.k.a. Catherine Millett or Mellett, 'Drunken Lizzie' Davis, 'Fair Alice' Downey"
2002:
Letter from Charles Warren to the Home Office Undersecretary of State, 6 November 1888, quoted in Begg,
3663:
3338:
2015:
Inquest testimony of surveyor Frederick William Foster, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 201–202
1034:
2911:
984:
701:
1704:, p. 157; Cook, pp. 65–66; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 29; Marriott, pp. 59–75; Rumbelow, pp. 49–50
355:
blade. With one possible exception, all her wounds had been inflicted by a right-handed individual.
3791:
3697:
3668:
3591:
3519:
3360:
1913:
Examining pathologist Dr Frederick Gordon Brown quoted in Fido, pp. 70–73 and Marriott, pp. 130–131
1519:
referred to "George-yard, Whitechapel-road, where the first murder was committed" (quoted in Begg,
647:
196:
2738:
1500:, pp. 51–53; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 51–55; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 8–18; Marriott, pp. 9–14
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3524:
3117:
3103:
1020:
996:
785:
692:, continued to mount as little progress was made with the investigation. The City Police and the
676:
493:
945:, discount any connection between the torso and Ripper killings on the basis of their different
3673:
3617:
3550:
1607:
202:
All the identified victims of the Whitechapel murders lived within the heart of the rookery in
171:
1967:
Constable Alfred Long's inquest testimony, quoted in Marriott, pp. 148–149 and Rumbelow, p. 61
1382:, pp. 27–29; Cook, pp. 34–35; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 47–50; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 4–7
1125:
728:
639:
235:
227:
131:
3017:
1199:, 4 November 1889, quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, p. 225 and Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 516
536:, offered a reward of £100 (roughly £14,000 as of 2024) after rumours that the attacks were
3811:
3576:
3443:
910:
796:
721:
693:
451:
266:
256:
222:
had not been invented. Policing in London was—and still is—divided between two forces: the
188:
108:
71:
991:
arrived soon afterwards from the nearby Leman Street police station, and Chief Inspectors
174:
was described as "perhaps the foulest and most dangerous street in the whole metropolis";
8:
3488:
3463:
3433:
2229:
Cook, pp. 144–149; Evans and Skinner (2001), pp. 54–71; Fido, pp. 78–80; Rumbelow, p. 121
2162:, p. 202; Evans and Rumbelow, p. 141; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 179, 225; Fido, p. 77
1875:
1516:
1214:
1042:
443:
427:
363:
223:
127:
3504:
3324:
2906:
1977:
1369:
Evans and Rumbelow, p. 47; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 4; Fido, p. 15; Rumbelow, p. 30
459:
320:
of H Division Whitechapel, investigated the attack but the culprits were never caught.
313:
183:
103:
56:
2955:
1984:, 6 November 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 183–184
3402:
3307:
3289:
3275:
3261:
3247:
3233:
3219:
3205:
3191:
3177:
3160:
3146:
3132:
3094:
3080:
3066:
3052:
2987:
2768:
2721:
2482:
1511:
1293:
1210:"Jack the Ripper: Why Does a Serial Killer Who Disembowelled Women Deserve a Museum?"
999:, who had been involved in the previous murder investigations, arrived by 5 am.
926:
922:
736:
732:
705:
623:
595:
91:
1878:
quoted by Cook, p. 151; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 584–587 and Rumbelow, p. 140;
819:
informed him that he could not make public statements without Home Office approval.
626:, 46, lived with partner John Kelly in a lodging-house at 55 Flower and Dean Street.
191:
within Whitechapel, in which approximately 8,500 people resided on a nightly basis.
3581:
3571:
3417:
3412:
2242:'s report to the Home Office, 19 October 1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in Begg,
1566:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 60–61; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 35; Rumbelow, pp. 24–27
1060:
751:
717:
613:
604:
591:
388:
379:
211:
87:
79:
35:
2856:
Cook, pp. 53–55; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 218–219; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 551
2064:
Begg, pp. 186–187; Cook, p. 167; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 164; Rumbelow, p. 76
2055:, pp. 186–187; Cook, pp. 166–167; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 106–108; Rumbelow, p. 76
1076:
Abberline retired in 1892 and Matthews lost his position as Home Secretary in the
3555:
3407:
3383:
3124:
2984:
Public Reactions to Jack the Ripper: Letters to the Editor August – December 1888
1348:
1051:
1030:
942:
918:
914:
909:
Swanson did not consider this a Ripper case, and instead suggested a link to the
773:
763:
525:
524:
recorded that the killings caused widespread panic in London. A mob attacked the
437:
359:
282:
230:
with jurisdiction over about a square mile (2.9 km) of the city centre. The
95:
64:
26:
727:
On Tuesday 2 October, an unidentified female torso was found in the basement of
3622:
3607:
3545:
3483:
3478:
3299:
2450:
2378:
2239:
1774:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 159–160; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 111–119, 265–290
1111:
1046:
992:
898:
845:
816:
808:
685:
659:
635:
575:
571:
489:
416:
396:
231:
167:
3107:
2819:
2297:, pp. 242–243; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 345–347 and Marriott, pp. 170–171
1341:
3715:
3458:
3397:
2280:
Dr Phillips's inquest testimony, 12 November 1888, quoted in Marriott, p. 176
2073:
Evans and Rumbelow, p. 104; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 158; Rumbelow, p. 72
947:
934:
929:" of 1873 and 1874, in which two women were found dismembered, and the 1884 "
750:
of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee received another letter, known as the
579:
481:
472:
455:
400:
347:
338:
274:
163:
83:
75:
60:
1720:, p. 153; Cook, p. 163; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 98; Marriott, pp. 59–75
3627:
768:
666:
651:
631:
541:
219:
203:
155:
40:
3648:
3473:
3169:
1882:
quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 360–362 and Rumbelow, pp. 145–147
988:
938:
902:
820:
801:
747:
642:
under Detective Inspector James McWilliam were brought into the enquiry.
553:
549:
537:
510:
404:
317:
290:
215:
120:
30:
3453:
2820:"Frances Coles a.k.a. Frances Coleman, Frances Hawkins, 'Carroty Nell'"
2610:
Coroner Baxter's summing up, 14 August 1888, quoted in Marriott, p. 193
1949:
Saunders's inquest testimony quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 208
1557:, pp. 85–85; Evans and Rumbelow, p. 61; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 24
1524:
1097:
697:
671:
585:
521:
500:
321:
286:
278:
261:
178:
was called "the worst street in London". Assistant Police Commissioner
112:
25:
The "Nemesis of Neglect", an image of social destitution manifested as
2895:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 220–222; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 551–568
2543:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 205–209; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 448–468
2426:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 245–246; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 422–447
2246:, p. 205; Evans and Rumbelow, p. 113; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 125
890:
Contemporary illustration of the discovery of the Pinchin Street torso
3632:
3347:
2106:
1831:, pp. 46, 168–170; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 96–98; Rumbelow, pp. 69–70
309:
147:
116:
3143:
The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook: An Illustrated Encyclopedia
2006:, p. 197; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 183–184 and Marriott, p. 159
1091:
102:, and an unidentified woman—were engaged in prostitution. Smith was
2345:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 175, 189; Fido, p. 95; Rumbelow, pp. 94 ff.
528:
police station, suspecting that the murderer was being held there.
3352:
2201:
Evans and Rumblelow, pp. 142–144; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 239
2561:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 207–208; Evans and Skinner (2001), p. 137
853:
477:
305:
301:
2790:
Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 480; Fido, p. 104; Rumbelow, p. 132
865:
422:
3022:
Survey of London: volume 27: Spitalfields and Mile End New Town
1895:, pp. 46, 189; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 114–116; Marriott, p. 81
1733:, p. 153; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 100; Marriott, pp. 59–75
1035:
novels, short stories, comic books, television shows, and films
970:
384:
343:
166:, Whitechapel was considered to be the most notorious criminal
2271:, 10 November 1888, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 339
1655:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 66–73; Whitehead and Rivett, pp. 33–34
958:
on 21 June 1890, after a disagreement with the Home Secretary
869:
Alice McKenzie, 40, lived in a lodging-house at 52 Gun Street.
499:
On 10 September, the police arrested a notorious local called
1469:, pp. 29–31; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 47–50; Marriott, pp. 5–7
3188:
Alias Jack the Ripper: Beyond the Usual Whitechapel Suspects
3033:
Evans and Rumbelow, p. 223; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 655
1478:
Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 11; Whitehead and Rivett, p. 19
607:, 44, lived in a lodging-house at 32 Flower and Dean Street.
600:
1856:, Quality Press, quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 418
1045:
commented sarcastically on the media's sudden concern with
619:
325:
1041:
End, and led to demands for reform. On 24 September 1888,
886:
265:
Map of the Spitalfields rookery, where the victims lived.
2373:
Evans and Rumbelow, p. 174; Telegram from Prime Minister
3230:
The Complete Jack the Ripper: Fully Revised and Updated
1588:, p. 98; Cook, pp. 25–28; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 62–63
226:
with jurisdiction over most of the urban area, and the
3202:
One Was Not Enough: True Stories of Multiple Murderers
2570:
Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 208–209; Marriott, pp. 182–183
2477:, 26 December 1888, quoted in Beadle, William (2009),
1958:
Cook, pp. 45–47; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 178–181
974:
Frances Coles lived in a lodging-house in White's Row.
795:, MP, presided over the inquest into Kelly's death at
395:
On Friday 31 August, Mary Ann Nichols was murdered in
1087:
586:
Double event: Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes
2808:
Fido, p. 113; Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 551–557
2583:, 28 May 1892, quoted in Evans and Rumbelow, p. 225
2507:
Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 433; Fido, pp. 102–103
2171:
Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 291–299; Fido, p. 134
1187:, 16 July 1901, quoted in Werner (ed.), pp. 62, 179
484:, 47, lived in a lodging-house at 35 Dorset Street.
391:, 43, lived in a lodging-house at 18 Thrawl Street.
350:, 39, lived in a lodging-house at 19 George Street.
3174:The Crimes, Death and Detection of Jack the Ripper
2293:'s report, MEPO 3/3153 ff. 10–18, quoted in Begg,
1922:Marriott, pp. 132–144; Whitehead and Rivett, p. 68
1413:, London: Blackie and Son, p. 92, quoted in Begg,
2189:Evans and Skinner (2001), p. 30; Rumbelow, p. 118
2042:Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 175; Rumbelow, p. 76
3772:Crimes against sex workers in the United Kingdom
3713:
3093:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing.
2627:
2625:
2210:Lees's diary quoted in Woods and Baddeley, p. 66
2082:Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 106–108; Rumbelow, p. 76
1982:Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department
1024:illustration referencing the Whitechapel murders
238:. Beat constables walked regular, timed routes.
3274:. Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Essentials.
3216:Jack the Ripper: The 21st Century Investigation
2644:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 210; Evans and Skinner,
1360:Cook, pp. 33–34; Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 3
123:, but the exact cause of her death is unclear.
3782:History of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
3159:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing.
3131:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing.
3079:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press.
3024:(1957), pp. 245–251, retrieved 18 January 2010
2891:
2889:
2180:Cook, pp. 76–77; Woods and Baddeley, pp. 48–49
1597:Cook, pp. 25–28; Woods and Baddeley, pp. 21–22
1134:List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
3368:
2622:
776:, 25, photographed at the scene of her murder
684:Criticism of the Metropolitan Police and the
413:Chief Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police
2945:Cook, pp. 139–141; Werner (ed.), pp. 236–237
2718:The Thames Torso Murders of Victorian London
544:demonstrations. Local residents founded the
245:
3129:Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates
3120:. Subscription required for online version.
2886:
2685:
2683:
1544:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 515; Marriott, p. 13
1351:, Metropolitan Police, retrieved 1 May 2009
51:were committed in or near the impoverished
3375:
3361:
3155:Evans, Stewart P.; Skinner, Keith (2001).
3141:Evans, Stewart P.; Skinner, Keith (2000).
2998:, pp. 1–2; Woods and Baddeley, pp. 144–145
2525:Quoted in Evans and Skinner (2000), p. 433
2197:
2195:
1712:
1710:
1242:The Murders of the Black Museum: 1870–1970
954:Monro was replaced as Commissioner by Sir
3306:. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing.
1852:See for example Stewart, William (1939),
1342:"The Enduring Mystery of Jack the Ripper"
1253:Werner (ed.), pp. 42–44, 118–122, 141–170
791:The coroner for North East Middlesex, Dr
119:. The body of the unidentified woman was
3286:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive Casebook
3270:Whitehead, Mark; Rivett, Miriam (2006).
3190:. North Carolina: McFarland Publishing.
2680:
1608:"Another Terrible Murder in Whitechapel"
1013:
969:
885:
864:
767:
665:
648:chalk writing on the wall of the doorway
618:
599:
505:
476:
421:
383:
342:
260:
146:
134:, and private organisations such as the
70:Most, if not all, of the eleven victims—
20:
3113:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3049:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2996:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2934:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2845:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2646:The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook
2362:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2353:
2351:
2295:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2257:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2244:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2192:
2160:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2147:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2134:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2121:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2093:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2053:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
2004:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1893:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1843:Cook, p. 157; Woods and Baddeley, p. 86
1839:
1837:
1829:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1809:, p. 205; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 84–85
1807:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1785:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1751:Connell, pp. 19–21; Rumbelow, pp. 67–68
1731:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1718:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1707:
1702:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1586:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1555:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1533:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1521:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1498:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1467:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1445:The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook
1441:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1428:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1415:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1380:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1173:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
1070:Housing of the Working Classes Act 1890
881:
813:Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police
704:) but also agreed to be tracked across
250:
16:1880s East End of London serial murders
3714:
3077:Walter Dew: The Man Who Caught Crippen
1761:
1759:
1757:
1628:Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 676, 678
1337:
1335:
1333:
1277:Jack the Ripper: The Complete Casebook
1139:List of murderers by number of victims
670:Illustration of Burgho and Barnaby by
578:to co-ordinate the investigation from
3356:
3246:. London: Little, Brown and Company.
3018:"The Fossan (Keate and Tonge) estate"
3016:Werner (ed.), pp. 177–179; See also:
2739:"The Thames Torso Murders of 1887–89"
2657:Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 489–510
2408:Evans and Skinner (2000), pp. 347–349
1610:. The Waterford News. 9 November 1888
3802:Serial murders in the United Kingdom
2762:
2360:, 21 November 1888, quoted in Begg,
2348:
2259:, p. 231; Evans and Rumbelow, p. 177
1834:
3787:Incidents of violence against women
3382:
3244:The Black Museum: New Scotland Yard
2986:, Chestertown, MD: Inklings Press,
2982:Ryder, Stephen P. (editor) (2006),
2904:
2767:. Barnsley, UK: Wharncliffe Books.
1754:
1330:
373:
13:
3737:1891 murders in the United Kingdom
3732:1890 murders in the United Kingdom
3727:1889 murders in the United Kingdom
3722:1888 murders in the United Kingdom
3284:Whittington-Egan, Richard (2013).
3157:Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell
3145:. London: Constable and Robinson.
2736:
1171:, London, p. 158, quoted in Begg,
1144:List of serial killers before 1900
757:
14:
3823:
3318:
2817:
2448:
1222:from the original on 8 March 2021
860:
409:Criminal Investigation Department
3692:
3691:
3258:Jack the Ripper and the East End
3027:
3010:
3001:
2976:
2948:
2939:
2926:
2898:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2837:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2756:
2730:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2670:
2660:
2651:
2638:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2468:
2442:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2367:
2339:
2330:
1682:Fido, p. 35; Marriott, pp. 77–79
1509:In an interview reported in the
1290:London in the Nineteenth Century
1118:
1104:
1090:
1068:Acts of Parliament, such as the
965:
466:
332:
304:was conducted on 7 April by the
3654:Whitechapel Vigilance Committee
3288:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing.
3260:. London: Chatto & Windus.
3040:
2534:Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 245–246
2321:
2309:
2300:
2283:
2274:
2262:
2249:
2232:
2223:
2213:
2204:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2152:
2139:
2126:
2113:
2098:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2009:
1996:
1987:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1885:
1880:Thomas Bond (British physician)
1868:
1859:
1846:
1821:
1812:
1799:
1790:
1777:
1768:
1745:
1742:Connell, pp. 15–16; Cook, p. 90
1736:
1723:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1600:
1591:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1547:
1538:
1503:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1459:
1450:
1433:
1420:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1321:
1312:
1303:
735:. On the same day, the psychic
546:Whitechapel Vigilance Committee
532:, the Member of Parliament for
515:Whitechapel Vigilance Committee
218:analysis, were not in use, and
136:Whitechapel Vigilance Committee
98:, Rose Mylett, Alice McKenzie,
3304:Saucy Jack: The Elusive Ripper
3256:Werner, Alex (editor) (2008).
2874:Cook, p. 237; Marriott, p. 198
2149:, pp. 201–203; Fido, pp. 80–81
1976:Letter from Charles Warren to
1282:
1269:
1256:
1247:
1234:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1161:
899:Chief Inspector Donald Swanson
839:
804:, where she was laid to rest.
716:received a letter, dubbed the
1:
3777:History of the City of London
3176:. Vermont: Trafalgar Square.
3051:. London: Pearson Education.
1854:Jack the Ripper: A New Theory
1664:Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 66–70
1487:Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 51–52
1400:Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 47–50
1149:
458:. On the available evidence,
430:led the police investigation.
142:
3108:"Jack the Ripper (fl. 1888)"
1443:, p. 28; Evans and Skinner,
1154:
931:Tottenham Court Road Mystery
411:(CID) over differences with
407:resigned as the head of the
7:
3186:Gordon, R. Michael (2000).
2720:, McFarland & Company,
2716:Gordon, R. Michael (2002),
1515:, 24 March 1903, Inspector
1391:Whitehead and Rivett, p. 18
1083:
782:Dorset Street, Spitalfields
680:, 20 October 1888, page 452
574:to appoint Chief Inspector
454:from the Central Office at
170:in London. The area around
10:
3828:
3807:Unsolved murders in London
3075:Connell, Nicholas (2005).
3063:Jack the Ripper: The Facts
2799:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 217
2689:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 213
2633:Jack the Ripper: The Facts
2601:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 209
2581:Cassell's Saturday Journal
2437:Jack the Ripper: The Facts
2390:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 196
761:
589:
548:under the chairmanship of
470:
377:
336:
254:
109:postcard sent to the press
3687:
3641:
3600:
3564:
3533:
3497:
3426:
3390:
3348:Casebook: Jack the Ripper
3325:Contemporary news article
3232:. London: Penguin Books.
3228:Rumbelow, Donald (2004).
3214:Marriott, Trevor (2005).
3204:. Toronto: Bantam Books.
3007:Werner (ed.), pp. 236–237
2956:"The Whitechapel Murders"
2824:Casebook: Jack the Ripper
2743:Casebook: Jack the Ripper
2479:Jack the Ripper: Unmasked
2455:Casebook: Jack the Ripper
1818:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 86
1796:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 65
1575:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 64
1531:, p. 97, quoted in Begg,
1327:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 14
1292:, London: Jonathan Cape,
1167:Greenwood, James (1883),
1009:
857:to the Whitechapel file.
246:Victims and investigation
3592:Goulston Street graffito
3520:Thomas Horrocks Openshaw
3200:Lloyd, Georgina (1986).
3104:Davenport-Hines, Richard
2765:The Thames Torso Murders
1264:Complete Jack The Ripper
903:Commissioner James Monro
709:detection became known.
297:a.m. the following day.
80:Mary Ann "Polly" Nichols
3747:1890s murders in London
3742:1880s murders in London
3525:George Bagster Phillips
3118:Oxford University Press
2912:Encyclopædia Britannica
1347:4 February 2010 at the
1059:Whilst we conventional
1021:National Police Gazette
836:November and December.
786:George Bagster Phillips
677:Illustrated London News
494:George Bagster Phillips
3674:Jack the Ripper Museum
3618:Flower and Dean Street
3551:Charles Allen Lechmere
3242:Waddell, Bill (1993).
3218:. London: John Blake.
2905:Jenkins, John Philip.
2481:, London: John Blake,
2358:East London Advertiser
1066:
1025:
975:
962:over police pensions.
891:
870:
777:
722:"Saucy Jacky" postcard
681:
627:
608:
538:Jewish ritual killings
517:
485:
431:
392:
351:
270:
172:Flower and Dean Street
159:
44:
3089:Cook, Andrew (2009).
2327:Marriott, pp. 167–180
1288:White, Jerry (2007),
1126:United Kingdom portal
1078:1892 general election
1057:
1017:
985:Superintendent Arnold
973:
889:
868:
771:
712:On 27 September, the
669:
640:City of London Police
622:
603:
509:
480:
425:
387:
346:
264:
236:Corporation of London
228:City of London Police
189:common lodging-houses
150:
132:City of London Police
24:
3797:London crime history
3577:Saucy Jacky postcard
3498:Doctors and coroners
1865:Marriott, pp. 81–125
1409:Dew, Walter (1938),
1037:of multiple genres.
911:Thames Torso Murders
882:Pinchin Street torso
797:Shoreditch Town Hall
694:Lord Mayor of London
267:Emma Elizabeth Smith
257:Emma Elizabeth Smith
251:Emma Elizabeth Smith
72:Emma Elizabeth Smith
53:Whitechapel district
3679:Whitechapel murders
3659:Conspiracy theories
3489:Adolphus Williamson
3464:Melville Macnaghten
3434:Frederick Abberline
3332:National Geographic
3123:Evans, Stewart P.;
3061:Begg, Paul (2006).
3047:Begg, Paul (2003).
2763:Trow, M.J. (2011).
1876:Melville Macnaghten
1691:Marriott, pp. 77–79
1646:Marriott, pp. 22–23
1637:Marriott, pp. 21–22
1517:Frederick Abberline
1043:George Bernard Shaw
852:suspected it was a
714:Central News Agency
513:, President of the
444:Frederick Abberline
428:Frederick Abberline
364:Wellington Barracks
224:Metropolitan Police
212:Forensic techniques
158:, seen here in 1902
128:Metropolitan Police
49:Whitechapel murders
39:cartoon of 1888 by
3515:Roderick Macdonald
3505:Wynne Edwin Baxter
2964:. 17 November 1888
2818:Ryder, Stephen P.
2449:Ryder, Stephen P.
1978:Godfrey Lushington
1169:In Strange Company
1026:
976:
921:, as well as the "
892:
871:
793:Roderick Macdonald
778:
752:"From Hell" letter
718:"Dear Boss" letter
682:
628:
609:
568:Chief Commissioner
518:
486:
432:
393:
352:
314:Wynne Edwin Baxter
271:
184:alcohol dependency
160:
104:sexually assaulted
57:East End of London
45:
3707:
3706:
3565:Letters and clues
3541:George Hutchinson
3403:Catherine Eddowes
3391:Canonical victims
3312:978-0-7110-3410-5
3294:978-1-445-61768-8
3280:978-1-904048-69-5
3266:978-0-7011-8247-2
3252:978-0-316-90332-5
3210:978-0-553-17605-6
3196:978-0-786-40898-6
3182:978-0-297-79136-2
3099:978-1-84868-327-3
3085:978-0-7509-3803-7
2907:"Jack the Ripper"
2883:Fido, pp. 104–105
2774:978-1-84884-430-8
2726:978-0-7864-1348-5
2619:Eddleston, p. 129
2487:978-1-84454-688-6
1512:Pall Mall Gazette
1456:Marriott, pp. 5–7
1298:978-0-224-06272-5
1197:Pall Mall Gazette
927:Battersea Mystery
923:Whitehall Mystery
737:Robert James Lees
733:Whitehall Mystery
729:New Scotland Yard
624:Catherine Eddowes
596:Catherine Eddowes
92:Catherine Eddowes
3819:
3695:
3694:
3582:From Hell letter
3572:Dear Boss letter
3418:Elizabeth Stride
3413:Mary Ann Nichols
3377:
3370:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3125:Rumbelow, Donald
3034:
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2737:Spicer, Gerard.
2734:
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2592:Marriott, p. 195
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2552:Rumbelow, p. 129
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2336:Marriott, p. 172
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2110:, 2 October 1888
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1061:Social Democrats
742:The head of the
614:Whitechapel Road
605:Elizabeth Stride
592:Elizabeth Stride
520:In his memoirs,
389:Mary Ann Nichols
380:Mary Ann Nichols
374:Mary Ann Nichols
296:
293:and died at 9:00
289:. She developed
88:Elizabeth Stride
3827:
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3792:Jack the Ripper
3712:
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3637:
3596:
3587:Openshaw letter
3560:
3556:Israel Schwartz
3529:
3493:
3439:Robert Anderson
3422:
3408:Mary Jane Kelly
3386:
3384:Jack the Ripper
3381:
3321:
3316:
3300:Baddeley, Gavin
3272:Jack the Ripper
3091:Jack the Ripper
3065:. Anova Books.
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1031:Jack the Ripper
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956:Edward Bradford
943:Donald Rumbelow
884:
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829:Robert Anderson
807:On 8 November,
774:Mary Jane Kelly
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764:Mary Jane Kelly
760:
758:Mary Jane Kelly
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526:Commercial Road
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2695:
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2673:
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2654:
2648:, pp. 480–515
2647:
2641:
2634:
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2598:
2589:
2582:
2579:Interview in
2576:
2567:
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2549:
2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
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2109:
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2101:
2095:, pp. 176–184
2094:
2088:
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2012:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1955:
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1306:
1300:, pp. 323–332
1299:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1265:
1259:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1215:The Telegraph
1211:
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1038:
1036:
1032:
1023:
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1016:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
980:
972:
966:Frances Coles
963:
961:
957:
952:
950:
949:
948:modi operandi
944:
940:
936:
935:Keith Skinner
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
904:
900:
896:
888:
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641:
637:
633:
625:
621:
617:
615:
606:
602:
597:
593:
583:
581:
580:Scotland Yard
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:Thomas Arnold
561:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
516:
512:
508:
504:
502:
497:
495:
491:
483:
482:Annie Chapman
479:
474:
473:Annie Chapman
467:Annie Chapman
464:
461:
457:
456:Scotland Yard
453:
449:
445:
440:
439:
429:
424:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Bethnal Green
398:
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386:
381:
371:
367:
365:
361:
356:
349:
348:Martha Tabram
345:
340:
339:Martha Tabram
333:Martha Tabram
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
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276:
275:Osborn Street
268:
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200:
198:
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190:
185:
181:
177:
176:Dorset Street
173:
169:
165:
164:Victorian era
157:
153:
152:Dorset Street
149:
140:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
115:. Mylett was
114:
110:
105:
101:
100:Frances Coles
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:Annie Chapman
81:
77:
76:Martha Tabram
73:
68:
66:
62:
61:serial killer
58:
54:
50:
42:
38:
37:
32:
28:
23:
19:
3709:
3696:
3678:
3628:Mitre Square
3340:
3331:
3303:
3285:
3271:
3257:
3243:
3229:
3215:
3201:
3187:
3173:
3170:Fido, Martin
3156:
3142:
3128:
3111:
3090:
3076:
3062:
3048:
3041:Bibliography
3029:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2995:
2983:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2961:Western Mail
2959:
2950:
2941:
2933:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2910:
2900:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2823:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2778:
2764:
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:
2732:
2717:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2672:
2662:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2454:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2315:
2311:
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2294:
2285:
2276:
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2264:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2215:
2206:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2104:Reported in
2100:
2092:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2052:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1989:
1980:, Permanent
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1870:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1828:
1823:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1770:
1747:
1738:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1701:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1602:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1289:
1284:
1276:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1249:
1241:
1240:Honeycombe,
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1213:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1175:, pp. 21, 45
1172:
1168:
1163:
1075:
1067:
1058:
1050:
1039:
1027:
1019:
1004:James Sadler
1002:A man named
1001:
981:
977:
953:
946:
908:
897:
893:
876:
872:
850:
843:
811:resigned as
806:
790:
779:
772:The body of
741:
726:
711:
702:Scalby Manor
683:
675:
656:
652:anti-Semitic
644:
632:Mitre Square
629:
610:
558:
542:anti-Semitic
519:
498:
487:
436:
433:
394:
368:
357:
353:
299:
272:
240:
220:blood typing
208:
204:Spitalfields
201:
193:
162:In the late
161:
156:Spitalfields
125:
107:phrase in a
69:
48:
46:
41:John Tenniel
34:
18:
3812:Whitechapel
3649:George Lusk
3510:Thomas Bond
3474:Edmund Reid
3469:Henry Moore
2291:Thomas Bond
1055:newspaper:
997:Henry Moore
939:Martin Fido
840:Rose Mylett
825:Thomas Bond
821:James Monro
802:Leytonstone
748:George Lusk
698:bloodhounds
554:Home Office
550:George Lusk
534:Whitechapel
511:George Lusk
448:Henry Moore
405:James Monro
318:Edmund Reid
291:peritonitis
216:fingerprint
121:dismembered
113:mutilations
31:Whitechapel
3716:Categories
3608:Buck's Row
3454:Walter Dew
2238:Inspector
1525:Walter Dew
1523:, p. 56).
1275:Rumbelow,
1262:Rumbelow,
1185:Daily Mail
1150:References
1098:Law portal
1064:communism.
815:after the
672:Louis Wain
522:Walter Dew
501:John Pizer
426:Inspector
397:Buck's Row
322:Walter Dew
287:peritoneum
279:Brick Lane
214:, such as
143:Background
3633:Ten Bells
3601:Locations
3534:Witnesses
2936:, pp. 1–2
2748:21 August
2107:The Times
1614:22 August
1447:, pp. 4–7
1226:9 October
1155:Citations
827:wrote to
706:Hyde Park
634:, in the
310:Middlesex
308:for East
117:strangled
63:known as
29:, stalks
3698:Category
3669:Suspects
3341:BBC News
3302:(2009).
3172:(1987).
3127:(2006).
3106:(2004).
2994:; Begg,
2847:, p. 317
2635:, p. 316
2489:, p. 209
2439:, p. 314
2364:, p. 247
2123:, p. 193
1787:, p. 186
1345:Archived
1220:Archived
1084:See also
1052:The Star
438:The Star
3664:Fiction
3642:Related
3343:article
3334:article
2829:17 July
2677:509–510
2667:492–494
1430:, p. 29
1417:, p. 29
1244:, p. 54
919:Chelsea
915:Rainham
854:suicide
833:Cabinet
540:led to
306:coroner
302:inquest
168:rookery
55:in the
3427:Police
3310:
3292:
3278:
3264:
3250:
3236:
3222:
3208:
3194:
3180:
3163:
3149:
3135:
3097:
3083:
3069:
3055:
2990:
2968:11 May
2932:Begg,
2918:12 May
2843:Begg,
2771:
2724:
2631:Begg,
2485:
2460:5 June
2435:Begg,
2255:Begg,
2158:Begg,
2145:Begg,
2132:Begg,
2091:Begg,
2051:Begg,
1891:Begg,
1827:Begg,
1805:Begg,
1783:Begg,
1729:Begg,
1716:Begg,
1700:Begg,
1584:Begg,
1553:Begg,
1496:Begg,
1465:Begg,
1439:Begg,
1426:Begg,
1378:Begg,
1296:
1010:Legacy
941:, and
846:Poplar
295:
3339:2014
3330:2018
1874:e.g.
1279:p. 30
1266:p. 14
326:pimps
36:Punch
33:in a
3308:ISBN
3290:ISBN
3276:ISBN
3262:ISBN
3248:ISBN
3234:ISBN
3220:ISBN
3206:ISBN
3192:ISBN
3178:ISBN
3161:ISBN
3147:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3095:ISBN
3081:ISBN
3067:ISBN
3053:ISBN
2988:ISBN
2970:2020
2920:2020
2831:2021
2769:ISBN
2750:2015
2722:ISBN
2483:ISBN
2462:2021
1616:2021
1294:ISBN
1228:2022
995:and
987:and
917:and
901:and
594:and
570:Sir
450:and
415:Sir
362:and
300:The
277:and
126:The
47:The
2377:to
2220:118
913:in
744:CID
3718::
3116:.
3110:,
3020:,
2958:.
2909:.
2888:^
2822:.
2777:.
2741:.
2682:^
2624:^
2453:.
2350:^
2194:^
1836:^
1756:^
1709:^
1332:^
1212:.
951:.
937:,
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674:,
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419:.
312:,
197:4d
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2972:.
2922:.
2833:.
2752:.
2464:.
1618:.
1230:.
1029:"
43:.
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