48:
2158:
2168:
22:
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2178:
209:
Businesses, as well as schools and government entities, use wide area networks to relay data to staff, students, clients, buyers and suppliers from various locations around the world. In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless
250:
WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations. Many WANs are built for one particular organization and are private. Others, built by
628:
were able to increase networking speeds to 1.125 terabits per second. Christos Santis, graduate student Scott Steger, Amnon Yariv, Martin and Eileen
Summerfield developed a new laser that potentially quadruples transfer speeds with fiber optics.
340:. Packets addressed in these ranges are not routable on the public Internet; they are ignored by all public routers. Therefore, private hosts cannot directly communicate with public networks, but require
230:
and concepts, it may be best to view WANs as computer networking technologies used to transmit data over long distances, and between different networks. This distinction stems from the fact that common
266:
connects the LAN on one side with a second router within the LAN on the other. Because leased lines can be very expensive, instead of using leased lines, WANs can also be built using less costly
468:
packets, including their headers containing the private addresses, for transmission across the public network. Additionally, encapsulated packets may be encrypted to secure their data.
456:
Since two private networks, e.g., two branch offices, cannot directly communicate via the public
Internet, the two networks must be bridged across the Internet via a
961:
502:
line was normal on the edge of the WAN, while core links of 56 or 64 kbit/s were considered fast. Today, households are connected to the
Internet with
1422:
247:) are often designed for physically proximal networks, and thus cannot transmit data over tens, hundreds, or even thousands of miles or kilometres.
226:
The textbook definition of a WAN is a computer network spanning regions, countries, or even the world. However, in terms of the application of
2130:
2102:
2097:
1122:
954:"AT&T Completes Industry-Leading 400 Gb Ethernet Testing, Establishing A Future Network Blueprint for Service Providers and Businesses"
1068:
1044:
1074:
214:
may be considered a WAN. Many WANs are, however, built for one particular organization and are private. WANs can be separated from
177:
336:
Of the approximately four billion addresses defined in IPv4, about 18 million addresses in three ranges are reserved for use in
2124:
694:
2119:
2109:
2089:
1891:
843:
1256:
812:
2181:
2114:
1960:
298:
are often used by service providers to deliver the links that are used in WANs. It is also possible to build a WAN with
1886:
507:
1980:
985:"Increasing the information rates of optical communications via coded modulation: a study of transceiver performance"
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724:
833:
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1313:
1115:
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2020:
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1360:
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124:
783:
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62:
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The following communication and networking technologies have been used to implement WANs.
8:
1738:
1678:
1437:
1399:
1197:
1182:
202:
that extends over a large geographic area. Wide area networks are often established with
1000:
1965:
1922:
1853:
1723:
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984:
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526:. The speeds that people can currently use range from 28.8 kbit/s through a 28K
310:
267:
67:
1673:
686:
2010:
1970:
1950:
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1804:
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1468:
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1177:
1162:
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1004:
983:
Maher, Robert; Alvarado, Alex; Lavery, Domaniç; Bayvel, Polina (11 February 2016).
870:
792:
788:
557:
552:
519:
477:
325:
271:
119:
36:
859:
Y. Rekhter; B. Moskowitz; D. Karrenberg; G. J. de Groot; E. Lear (February 1996).
1638:
1493:
1261:
1236:
1224:
858:
808:
649:
337:
883:
860:
624:. Researchers Robert Maher, Alex Alvarado, Domaniç Lavery, and Polina Bayvel of
1836:
1708:
1683:
1643:
1613:
1488:
1323:
1276:
1251:
1209:
766:
498:
305:
Academic research into wide area networks can be broken down into three areas:
114:
1095:
476:
Many technologies are available for wide area network links. Examples include
2196:
1985:
1758:
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1663:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1523:
1345:
1204:
800:
485:
1863:
1703:
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1478:
1377:
1367:
1219:
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102:
92:
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1473:
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1338:
1308:
1286:
940:"Selecting a WAN Technology (1.2) > WAN Concepts | Cisco Press"
926:"Selecting a WAN Technology (1.2) > WAN Concepts | Cisco Press"
912:"Selecting a WAN Technology (1.2) > WAN Concepts | Cisco Press"
898:"Selecting a WAN Technology (1.2) > WAN Concepts | Cisco Press"
638:
530:
over a telephone connection to speeds as high as 100 Gbit/s using
481:
16:
Computer network that connects devices across a large distance and area
1008:
488:. New developments have successively increased transmission rates. In
2053:
1518:
1333:
1100:
875:
461:
236:
765:
Zhang, Yan; Ansari, Nirwan; Wu, Mingquan; Yu, Heather (2011-10-13).
2048:
2038:
1955:
1780:
1603:
372:
299:
255:, provide connections from an organization's LAN to the Internet.
240:
211:
146:
218:(LANs) in that the latter refers to physically proximal networks.
2043:
2028:
1246:
503:
21:
282:
deliver transport and addressing functions. Protocols including
2073:
2033:
1355:
1075:"What is WAN (wide area network)? - Definition from WhatIs.com"
279:
2058:
1995:
1303:
608:
603:
527:
515:
244:
2000:
866:
613:
577:
358:
97:
982:
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AT&T conducted trials in 2017 for business use of
320:
Performance improvements are sometimes delivered via
235:(LAN) technologies operating at lower layers of the
835:CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide
29:(LAN) with connection to a wide area network (WAN)
2194:
764:
1116:
1096:What is a software-defined wide area network?
1041:"A New Laser for a Faster Internet - Caltech"
714:
171:
2131:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
771:IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
2167:
1123:
1109:
178:
164:
1016:
874:
782:
1069:Cisco - Introduction to WAN Technologies
862:Address Allocation for Private Internets
739:
471:
448:Contiguous range of 256 Class C blocks.
20:
426:Contiguous range of 16 Class B blocks.
344:at a routing gateway for this purpose.
2195:
1130:
852:
1104:
715:Groth, David; Skandler, Toby (2005).
350:Reserved private IPv4 network ranges
2177:
964:from the original on January 5, 2022
717:Network+ Study Guide, Fourth Edition
687:"What Is a Wide Area Network (WAN)?"
684:
262:. At each end of the leased line, a
767:"On Wide Area Network Optimization"
331:
13:
742:Data Communications and Networking
508:asymmetric digital subscriber line
14:
2224:
1062:
838:. Cisco Press. 14 November 2014.
221:
204:leased telecommunication circuits
2176:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2145:
1766:Free-space optical communication
740:Forouzan, Behrouz (2012-02-17).
46:
1047:from the original on 2017-05-11
1033:
976:
946:
932:
815:from the original on 2022-02-08
697:from the original on 2018-06-12
1043:. Cal Tech. 19 February 2014.
918:
904:
890:
826:
793:10.1109/SURV.2011.092311.00071
758:
733:
708:
678:
661:Wide area application services
593:Synchronous optical networking
1:
671:
489:
437:192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
288:Multiprotocol Label Switching
2152:Telecommunication portal
1933:Telecommunications equipment
598:Very small aperture terminal
7:
1669:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
744:. McGraw-Hill. p. 14.
655:Low-power wide-area network
632:
439:
414:
412:172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
389:
342:network address translation
258:WANs are often built using
10:
2229:
1373:Telecommunications history
543:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
292:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
253:Internet service providers
200:telecommunications network
2140:
2082:
2019:
1981:Public Switched Telephone
1941:
1905:
1862:
1803:
1793:telecommunication circuit
1754:Fiber-optic communication
1737:
1499:Francis Blake (telephone)
1446:
1294:Optical telecommunication
1138:
626:University College London
568:Fiber-optic communication
387:10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
1892:Orbital angular-momentum
1329:Satellite communications
1168:Communications satellite
865:. Network Working Group
130:Municipal wireless (MWN)
1771:Molecular communication
1594:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1423:Undersea telegraph line
1158:Cable protection system
563:Digital subscriber line
460:(VPN) or other form of
458:virtual private network
322:wide area file services
228:communication protocols
152:Interplanetary Internet
1913:Communication protocol
1699:Charles Sumner Tainter
1514:Walter Houser Brattain
1459:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1267:Information revolution
239:(such as the forms of
30:
1887:Polarization-division
1619:Narinder Singh Kapany
1584:Erna Schneider Hoover
1504:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1484:Alexander Graham Bell
1215:online video platform
960:. September 8, 2017.
644:Internet area network
472:Connection technology
284:Packet over SONET/SDH
24:
1729:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1689:Almon Brown Strowger
1659:Charles Grafton Page
1314:Prepaid mobile phone
1242:Electrical telegraph
622:400-gigabit Ethernet
532:100 Gigabit Ethernet
1679:Johann Philipp Reis
1438:Wireless revolution
1400:The Telephone Cases
1257:Hydraulic telegraph
1079:SearchEnterpriseWAN
1001:2016NatSR...621278M
685:Mitchell, Bradley.
367:Number of addresses
351:
307:mathematical models
216:local area networks
2208:Telecommunications
2203:Wide area networks
1877:Frequency-division
1854:Telephone exchange
1724:Charles Wheatstone
1654:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1629:Innocenzo Manzetti
1564:Reginald Fessenden
1299:Optical telegraphy
1132:Telecommunications
989:Scientific Reports
484:transmission, and
349:
315:network simulation
233:local area network
125:Metropolitan (MAN)
31:
27:local area network
2213:Data transmission
2190:
2189:
1928:Store and forward
1923:Data transmission
1837:Network switching
1788:Transmission line
1634:Guglielmo Marconi
1599:Internet pioneers
1464:Mohamed M. Atalla
1433:Whistled language
1009:10.1038/srep21278
845:978-0-13-378782-5
553:Cellular networks
480:telephone lines,
452:
451:
311:network emulation
274:methods. Network
268:circuit switching
210:of location. The
192:wide area network
188:
187:
2220:
2180:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2021:Notable networks
2011:Wireless network
1951:Cellular network
1943:Types of network
1918:Computer network
1805:Network topology
1719:Thomas A. Watson
1574:Oliver Heaviside
1559:Philo Farnsworth
1534:Daniel Davis Jr.
1509:Charles Bourseul
1469:John Logie Baird
1178:Data compression
1173:Computer network
1125:
1118:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1081:, archived from
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876:10.17487/RFC1918
856:
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820:
786:
777:(4): 1090–1113.
762:
756:
755:
737:
731:
730:
712:
706:
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703:
702:
682:
558:Dial-up internet
520:cellular network
501:
494:
491:
478:circuit-switched
445:
444:
423:
422:
419:
401:Single Class A.
398:
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394:
352:
348:
338:private networks
332:Private networks
326:WAN optimization
272:packet switching
180:
173:
166:
63:Near-field (NFC)
50:
37:Computer network
33:
32:
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2146:
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2136:
2078:
2015:
1937:
1901:
1858:
1807:
1799:
1740:
1733:
1639:Robert Metcalfe
1494:Tim Berners-Lee
1442:
1262:Information Age
1134:
1129:
1088:
1086:
1073:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1050:
1048:
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1038:
1034:
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784:10.1.1.459.4653
763:
759:
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734:
727:
713:
709:
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679:
674:
650:Label switching
635:
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334:
224:
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93:Wireless (WLAN)
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1872:Space-division
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1709:Camille Tissot
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1684:Claude Shannon
1681:
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1674:Tivadar Puskás
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1644:Antonio Meucci
1641:
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1614:Charles K. Kao
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1589:Harold Hopkins
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1489:Emile Berliner
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1428:Videotelephony
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1324:Radiotelephone
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1234:
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1210:Internet video
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1064:
1063:External links
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851:
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825:
757:
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719:. Sybex, Inc.
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98:Virtual (VLAN)
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73:Personal (PAN)
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52:
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15:
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2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
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2002:
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1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1897:Code-division
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Time-division
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
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1818:
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1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:and switching
1806:
1802:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:optical fiber
1757:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:Coaxial cable
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Radia Perlman
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
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1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:Lee de Forest
1552:
1550:
1549:Thomas Edison
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1539:Donald Davies
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Claude Chappe
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
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1487:
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1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
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1457:
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1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1417:
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1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:Smoke signals
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:Semiconductor
1344:
1340:
1337:
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1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
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1226:
1223:
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1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:Digital media
1203:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
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1180:
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1176:
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1126:
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1114:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1085:on 2017-04-29
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
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1066:
1046:
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1024:
1019:
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1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
963:
959:
955:
949:
941:
935:
927:
921:
913:
907:
899:
893:
885:
882:
879:. BCP 5.
877:
872:
868:
864:
863:
855:
847:
841:
837:
836:
829:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
761:
753:
751:9780073376226
747:
743:
736:
728:
726:0-7821-4406-3
722:
718:
711:
696:
692:
688:
681:
677:
667:
664:
662:
659:
656:
653:
651:
648:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
630:
627:
623:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
538:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
487:
486:optical fiber
483:
479:
469:
467:
463:
459:
447:
436:
433:
430:
429:
425:
411:
409:172.16.0.0/12
408:
405:
404:
400:
386:
383:
380:
379:
375:
374:
369:
366:
364:Address range
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
347:
346:
345:
343:
339:
329:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
254:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
219:
217:
213:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
181:
176:
174:
169:
167:
162:
161:
159:
158:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
88:Storage (SAN)
86:
85:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
49:
45:
44:
38:
35:
34:
28:
23:
19:
2005:
1864:Multiplexing
1739:Transmission
1704:Nikola Tesla
1694:Henry Sutton
1649:Samuel Morse
1579:Robert Hooke
1544:Amos Dolbear
1479:John Bardeen
1398:
1378:Telautograph
1282:Mobile phone
1237:Edholm's law
1220:social media
1153:Broadcasting
1087:, retrieved
1083:the original
1078:
1049:. Retrieved
1035:
995:(1): 21278.
992:
988:
978:
966:. Retrieved
957:
948:
934:
920:
906:
892:
861:
854:
834:
828:
817:. Retrieved
774:
770:
760:
741:
735:
716:
710:
699:. Retrieved
690:
680:
666:Wireless WAN
619:
536:
475:
466:encapsulates
455:
431:16-bit block
406:20-bit block
381:24-bit block
376:description
370:
335:
319:
304:
260:leased lines
257:
249:
225:
208:
195:
191:
189:
136:
115:Campus (CAN)
18:
2064:NPL network
1776:Radio waves
1714:Alfred Vail
1624:Hedy Lamarr
1609:Dawon Kahng
1569:Elisha Gray
1529:Yogen Dalal
1454:Nasir Ahmed
1388:Teleprinter
1252:Heliographs
958:www.att.com
583:Leased line
573:Frame Relay
548:Cable modem
493: 1960
296:Frame Relay
83:Local (LAN)
2197:Categories
2110:Antarctica
2069:Toasternet
1991:Television
1474:Paul Baran
1406:Television
1390:(teletype)
1383:Telegraphy
1361:transistor
1339:Phryctoria
1309:Photophone
1287:Smartphone
1277:Mass media
1089:2017-04-21
1051:2017-02-05
968:August 20,
819:2022-01-29
701:2017-04-21
672:References
639:Cell relay
482:radio wave
384:10.0.0.0/8
294:(ATM) and
278:including
137:Wide (WAN)
103:Home (HAN)
2094:Americas
2083:Locations
2054:Internet2
1815:Bandwidth
1519:Vint Cerf
1416:streaming
1394:Telephone
1334:Semaphore
1225:streaming
801:1553-877X
779:CiteSeerX
497:110
462:IP tunnel
371:Obsolete
276:protocols
237:OSI model
58:Nanoscale
2162:Category
2049:Internet
2039:CYCLADES
1956:Ethernet
1906:Concepts
1830:terminal
1781:wireless
1604:Bob Kahn
1447:Pioneers
1272:Internet
1163:Cable TV
1045:Archived
1027:26864633
962:Archived
813:Archived
695:Archived
691:Lifewire
633:See also
510:(ADSL),
373:classful
300:Ethernet
290:(MPLS),
241:Ethernet
212:Internet
147:Internet
120:Backbone
110:Building
41:by scale
2182:Commons
2172:Outline
2125:Oceania
2044:FidoNet
2029:ARPANET
1842:circuit
1411:digital
1140:History
1018:4750034
997:Bibcode
657:(LPWAN)
504:dial-up
198:) is a
78:Near-me
2120:Europe
2090:Africa
2074:Usenet
2034:BITNET
1971:Mobile
1847:packet
1356:MOSFET
1351:device
1148:Beacon
1025:
1015:
842:
807:
799:
781:
748:
723:
600:(VSAT)
588:SD-WAN
313:, and
280:TCP/IP
264:router
2103:South
2098:North
2059:JANET
1996:Telex
1986:Radio
1825:Nodes
1820:Links
1741:media
1319:Radio
1304:Pager
1232:Drums
1198:video
1193:image
1183:audio
809:18060
805:S2CID
646:(IAN)
609:WiMAX
604:Wi-Fi
528:modem
524:fiber
516:WiMAX
512:cable
499:bit/s
464:that
361:block
245:Wi-Fi
142:Cloud
39:types
2115:Asia
2001:UUCP
1961:ISDN
1023:PMID
970:2018
884:1918
867:IETF
840:ISBN
797:ISSN
746:ISBN
721:ISBN
614:X.25
578:ISDN
495:, a
359:CIDR
355:Name
68:Body
2006:WAN
1976:NGN
1966:LAN
1247:Fax
1188:DCT
1013:PMC
1005:doi
881:RFC
871:doi
789:doi
522:or
443:536
421:576
418:048
396:216
393:777
324:or
317:.
270:or
243:or
196:WAN
2199::
1077:,
1021:.
1011:.
1003:.
991:.
987:.
956:.
869:.
811:.
803:.
795:.
787:.
775:14
773:.
769:.
693:.
689:.
534:.
518:,
514:,
506:,
490:c.
441:65
391:16
328:.
309:,
302:.
286:,
206:.
190:A
25:A
2133:)
2129:(
1124:e
1117:t
1110:v
1054:.
1029:.
1007::
999::
993:6
972:.
942:.
928:.
914:.
900:.
886:.
873::
848:.
822:.
791::
754:.
729:.
704:.
416:1
194:(
179:e
172:t
165:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
