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where a single source may be published in different formats, with the viewer's expectation of viewing content in different sizes and resolutions, the paragraph settings automatically prevent widows and orphans. Manual overrides, such as inserted empty lines or extra spaces, can cause the insertion of a white space into the middle of pages.
214:
An orphan line is more easily deleted, either by inserting a blank line or by forcing a page break to push the orphan line onto the next page, to be part of the paragraph to which the orphan belongs. Similarly, an orphan word at the end of a paragraph can be relocated by forcing one or more words
234:
Most full-feature word processors and page layout applications include an automatic paragraph setting that prevents widows and orphans; thus, an orphan is forced to the top of the next page or column; and the text line preceding a widow is forced to the next page or column. In technical writing,
231:. Sometimes it can also be useful to add non-breaking spaces to the first two (or few) short words of a paragraph to avoid having a single orphaned word placed to the left or right of a picture or table, while the remainder of the text (with longer words) would only appear after the table.
135:
A word, part of a word, or a very short line that appears by itself at the end of a paragraph. Mnemonically still "alone at the bottom", just this time at the bottom of a paragraph. Orphans of this type give the impression of too much white space between
96:
are single lines of text from a paragraph that dangle at either the beginning or end of a block of text, or form a very short final line at the end of a paragraph. When split across pages, they occur at either the head or foot of a page (or
101:), unaccompanied by additional lines from the same paragraph. The pairing of the two terms with their definitions has no consistent standard across the industry; some sources use the opposite meanings as others. Additionally, a
128:
A paragraph-opening line that appears by itself at the bottom of a page or column, thus separated from the rest of the text. Mnemonically, an orphan is "alone at the bottom" (of the family tree but, in this case, of the
121:
A paragraph-ending line that falls at the beginning of the following page or column, thus separated from the rest of the text. Mnemonically, a widow is "alone at the top" (of the family tree but, in this case, of the
267:, 15th ed., 2003, University of Chicago Press. 3.11 Overall appearance: "A page should not begin with the last line of a paragraph unless it is full measure and should not end with the first line of a new paragraph."
279:, 16th ed., 2011, University of Chicago Press. 2.113: "A page should not begin with the last line of a paragraph unless it is full measure. (A page can, however, end with the first line of a new paragraph.)"
215:
from the preceding text line into the paragraph line of the orphan. In web-publishing, this is typically accomplished by concatenating the words in question with a
156:
should have neither widows nor orphans, even if their elimination leaves blank space at the bottom of the page or of the column of text. The 16th edition of
113:
For the purposes of this article, the following meanings are given to the terms. Some sources have these reversed due to a lack of industry standardization.
863:
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160:(2011) proposes the acceptability that the layout of some pages can conclude with the first line of a new paragraph at the foot of the page.
105:, which varying sources also call a widow or orphan, is a very short ending to a paragraph occupying only a small portion of its own line.
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Regarding page design and the layout of the text, the 15th edition of
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The very short final line of a paragraph composed of a single word
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255:, Vancouver, Hartley & Marks, 2004, p. 43-44, 3rd ed.
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In typography, an isolated line of text starting/ending a page
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The first line of a paragraph beginning at the end of a page
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Subtle scaling of the page without distorting the letters;
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The last line of a paragraph continuing on to a new page
210:(figure) to the text, or resizing an existing figure.
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Forcing a page break early, producing a shorter page;
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180:Adjusting the hyphenation within the paragraph;
163:The techniques for eliminating widows include:
1238:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
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1264:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
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132:Runt (sometimes called widow or orphan)
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203:to the text (usual in magazines); and
189:Rewriting a portion of the paragraph;
219:and, if available, by utilizing the
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183:Adjusting the margins of the page;
174:, the space between lines of text;
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253:The Elements of Typographic Style
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152:(2003) indicates that an edited
125:Orphan (sometimes called widow)
118:Widow (sometimes called orphan)
21:Masonic Widows and Orphans Home
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1233:History of Western typography
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333:Canons of page construction
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265:The Chicago Manual of Style
158:The Chicago Manual of Style
149:The Chicago Manual of Style
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196:(tracking) of the words;
33:Orphan (disambiguation)
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229:Cascading Style Sheets
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29:Widow (disambiguation)
25:Widow-and-orphan stock
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76:(sometimes called an
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1118:Typographic features
70:(highlighted yellow)
61:(sometimes called a
19:For other uses, see
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1142:Typography in other
883:Hanging punctuation
251:Robert Bringhurst,
55:(highlighted green)
1206:Handwriting script
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1103:Character encoding
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610:Horizontal aspects
563:Visual distinction
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1228:Type foundry
1065:Metric units
995:Punchcutting
980:Movable type
950:Font catalog
910:Vertical bar
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617:Figure space
500:Text figures
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343:Even working
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1218:Style guide
1211:Calligraphy
1201:Handwriting
1015:Type design
965:Lorem ipsum
960:Letterpress
920:Typesetting
860:Punctuation
824:Record type
795:Gaelic type
783:Schwabacher
673:Body height
538:Letter case
406:Line length
192:Reduce the
136:paragraphs.
109:Definitions
86:typesetting
1303:Typography
1196:Penmanship
1168:East Asian
1010:Type color
943:monospaced
900:Interpunct
893:minus sign
817:Specialist
753:Sans-serif
746:slab serif
723:Roman type
678:Cap height
642:Thin space
601:Whitespace
553:Title case
548:Snake case
543:Small caps
528:Camel case
460:Diacritics
368:Pull quote
363:Pagination
358:Paper size
317:Typography
239:References
201:pull quote
154:manuscript
142:Guidelines
693:Overshoot
688:Mean line
683:Descender
596:Underline
438:Character
416:Runaround
396:Alignment
388:Paragraph
206:Adding a
199:Adding a
1297:Category
1282:Category
1161:PT Fonts
1156:Cyrillic
1020:Typeface
938:computer
839:fat face
712:Typeface
698:x-height
668:Baseline
663:Ascender
523:All caps
485:Rotation
480:Ligature
475:Ink trap
221:orphans:
1108:Hinting
985:Pangram
803:Insular
776:Rotunda
771:Fraktur
736:Antiqua
622:Kerning
591:Oblique
586:Italics
533:Initial
465:Dingbat
455:Counter
401:Leading
225:widows:
172:leading
94:orphans
1151:Arabic
1050:Cicero
888:Hyphen
873:Bullet
834:script
808:Uncial
741:Didone
505:Tittle
348:Margin
338:Column
129:page).
122:page).
99:column
90:widows
78:orphan
59:orphan
31:, and
1075:Point
1045:Agate
905:Space
731:Serif
632:Pitch
495:Swash
470:Glyph
411:River
74:widow
72:is a
63:widow
46:is a
1173:Thai
1087:Twip
1070:Pica
1025:list
1005:Sort
933:Font
878:Dash
864:List
576:Bold
426:runt
325:Page
223:and
103:runt
92:and
48:runt
84:In
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1060:En
1055:Em
88:,
80:).
65:).
27:,
23:,
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295:v
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