258:
514:
864:
723:, a distance of 100 miles (160 km). They would not attack large groups but wait for weaker ones who were not able to defend themselves. More than 100 men, women and children were killed in the fall of 1784 along the Wilderness Road. Many families, even in ice and snow, crossed the creeks and rivers without shoes or stockings; they often had no money and few clothes. They lived off the land by hunting in the woods and by fishing in the streams.
428:
27:
164:
906:
thousands of seedlings from original forest stocks in the area is intended, over a period of decades, to recreate a forest that will allow visitors to view the crossing of the Gap on the
Wilderness Road as travelers would have experienced it circa 1790. This section of the Wilderness Road is now a hiking trail, including an interpretive center about the road's history located on the Tennessee side.
408:, attacked the sleeping men. Some of Boone's party were killed and a few were wounded but most were able to escape into the woods. Boone regrouped his men and managed to drive off the hostile Shawnee. The party lost some of their horses. Here Boone built a temporary open barricade with 6 to 7-foot (2.1 m) high logs.
225:
made the first of several forays into the region. Acting as an agent for Dr. Thomas Walker, to whom Martin was connected through family relationships, Martin began an expedition to Powell's Valley in early 1769 in return for a promised 21,000-acre (8,500 ha) land grant from Walker and the Loyal
198:
The expedition did reach the
Overhill Cherokee area, but Needham was killed on the return trip. Gabriel Arthur was almost killed, but was rescued and adopted by a Cherokee chief. For his own safety, Arthur was then sent with one of the chief's raiding parties. For about a year, he traveled with
127:
Despite the adverse conditions, thousands of families used the
Wilderness Road. In 1792, the new Kentucky legislature provided money to upgrade the road. In 1796, an improved all-weather road was opened for wagon and carriage travel. The road was abandoned around 1840 (construction on the National
878:
through the mountain pass was paved and completed on
October 3, 1908. This was an "object-lesson" road (a new kind of paved macadam construction funded by local communities but with federal governmental supervision) initiated by the U.S. Office of Public Roads. At that time, only about 680 miles
699:
in 1775, purchasing over 20,000,000 acres (8,100,000 ha) of land between the
Cumberland and Kentucky Rivers. On March 28, 1775, he left Long Island (Kingsport, Tennessee) with about 30 horsemen on the grueling trip down the Wilderness Road to Kentucky. At Martin's Station 40 to 50 additional
610:
map. The map shows the trail leaving
Louisville through Sullivan's Old Station, Kuvkendahl's Mill, the Fishpools to Bullitt's Lick, then through Bardstown to Danville. McDowell claims that originally the trail went through Harrodsburg not Danville, and Sullivan's Old Station and Kuykendahl's Mill
905:
Since 2001, Hwy. 25E has been obliterated over several miles of its length and the original grade restored, including the addition of 32 feet (9.8 m) of elevation to restore the Gap to its original contour, with virtually all modern artifacts, buildings and roads removed. The replanting of
711:
The flood of Scots-Irish, German, and others immigrants kept coming. Over 200,000 pioneers came over the
Wilderness Road, enduring severe hardships. In the winter of 1778–79, the weather was so cold that the Kentucky River froze to a depth of two feet. The frontier settlements alongside the road
707:
After 1770, a surge of over 400,000 Scots-Irish immigrants arrived in the colonies to escape the poor harvest, high rents and religious intolerance of Ulster. Since the better lands had already been taken, they constantly pressed onward to the western frontier of the foothills of the
Carolinas.
357:
who hunted and trapped among the Native
American nations along the western frontiers of Virginia, so-called because of the long time they spent away from home on hunts in the wilderness. Boone would sometimes be gone for months and even years before returning home from his hunting expeditions.
640:
Because of the threat of Native
American attacks, the road was so dangerous that most pioneers traveled well armed. Robbers and criminals also could be found on the road, ready to pounce on weaker pioneers. Although the Transylvania Company had purchased the region from the Cherokee, and the
249:. The men hoped to purchase land from the Cherokees on the Kentucky side of the Appalachian Mountains and establish a British proprietary colony. Henderson hired Daniel Boone, an experienced hunter who had explored Kentucky, to blaze a trail through the Cumberland Gap into central Kentucky.
380:
Starting on March 10, 1775, Boone, along with 35 axmen, cut a trail from Long Island in Kingsport, Tennessee through the forests and mountains to Kentucky. It was a rough mud trail, hardly more than a path. The Transylvania Company had obtained title to Kentucky from the Cherokee and
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of Kentucky. This connection of Kentucky to the East was a great advantage. Frontier settlers considered the postal riders heroes and waited eagerly for their arrival for news from settlements along the trails as well as getting their mail and newspapers.
655:
Defensive log blockhouses built alongside the road had portholes in the walls for firing at Native American attackers. They were often called "stations". No one knew exactly when the next attack would happen. The Shawnee came from the north, while the
703:
Despite the danger, the party kept going toward Kentucky. Since some of the streams were flooded, the pioneers had to swim with their horses. On April 20, they arrived at Boonesborough, a fortified town, named by Judge Henderson in honor of Boone.
736:
was the most popular wood since its logs could be used to build cabins and rail fences to protect crops from wild animals. It could easily be split into shingles for roofs to cover cabins and barns. Its bark was used to make medicine and
840:), stymied the first Confederate attempt to seize control of neutral Kentucky. The Cumberland Gap changed hands four times throughout the war. Southern troops used the road for marches into Virginia. General
898:
in Virginia. Additionally, a reconstructed fort at Martin's Station in Virginia on the Wilderness Road can be visited about 5 miles (8 km) east of the Cumberland Gap. Since the completion of the
400:
Notwithstanding this promise, the Shawnee viewed Boone and other settlers as invaders. On March 24, 1775, Boone and his party were only 15 miles (24 km) from their final destination of the
214:, with five companions, made a famous exploration through the Cumberland Gap and into eastern Kentucky. The Loyal Land Company settled people in southwest Virginia, but not Kentucky.
757:
The Wilderness Road served as a great path of commerce for the early settlers in Kentucky, as well as for wagon-loads of slaves being transported through Tennessee to plantations in
369:
at great expense. It was the only meat preservative available for men on the move and Kentucky had an extra lure with its large salt brine lakes near what is today the community of
112:. The Wilderness Road was steep, rough and narrow, and could be traversed only on foot or horseback. By contrast, wagons could travel along the National Road route (originally the
361:
Boone recommended three essentials for a pioneer: "A good gun, a good horse, and a good wife." He also would need a strong body, a sharp ax and good luck. Another essential was
1808:
279:
there are only five ways to travel to the west, with only three natural interior breaks allowing animal powered travel without great engineering works. These were the
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and Virginia. Hogs in groups of 500 or more were driven down the Road to market. Beef in Eastern markets had become a main source of income for farmers in Kentucky.
1869:
623:
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The route of the Wilderness Road made a long loop from Virginia southward to Tennessee and then northward to Kentucky, a distance of 200 miles (320 km).
652:
Often entire communities and church congregations would move together over the road to new settlements. Hundreds of pioneers were killed by Indian attacks.
1864:
660:(Cherokees who rejected the land sale treaty) came from the south. The tribes were resentful of the settlers taking their ancestral hunting lands, and the
397:, had promised at the Treaty of Camp Charlotte on October 19, 1774, that his tribe would no longer hunt or claim land south of the Ohio River in Kentucky.
874:
A segment of the Wilderness Road was among the first roads in the United States to be paved. The old road from the town of Cumberland Gap, Tennessee to
1879:
1884:
1874:
1914:
234:. Martin returned six years later to rebuild the fort, and a few months later became an agent for Richard Henderson's Transylvania Company.
1919:
1909:
902:
in 1996, a project has been underway to restore the original appearance of the Wilderness Road as it crosses the historic Cumberland Gap.
625:
The Discovery, Settlement and present State of Kentucke and an Essay towards the Topography, and Natural History of that important Country
611:
were not on the main road but high water alternate paths. Further claims were made that the Wilderness Trail was improved after General
844:
came down the road for the Union campaign in Tennessee in 1864. Grant was so taken by the Road that he said, "With two brigades of the
730:
as pack animals to carry their heavy loads. Cabins were built and land was cleared of trees and undergrowth so crops could be planted.
700:
pioneers joined the venture. On their way, they met nearly a hundred refugees fleeing Native American attacks further down the road.
257:
891:
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struggled to survive. Many of the cattle and hogs froze to death. The settlers had to eat frozen cattle and horses to survive.
353:
Daniel Boone was from Pennsylvania and migrated south with his family along this road. From an early age, Boone was one of the
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1702:
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Since they had hardly any money, entire families sometimes walked hundreds of miles after landing in America. They even used
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179:, which began around 1650. Later, Wood sent exploring parties into the mountains. The Batts-Fallam expedition reached the
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There was a great variety of animal life in the wilderness. At night, the pioneers could hear the hoots and screeches of
113:
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referred to as Harrod's Town or Oldtown and founded by James Harrod on June 16, 1774, abandoned and resettled in 1775,
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John Filson, the First Historian of Kentucky: An Account of His Life and Writings, Principally from Original Sources
887:. This new road brought a new industry, tourism, to the rural areas filling hotels and restaurants with travelers.
1894:
818:
227:
1356:
1904:
377:" of Kentucky are today reflected in the many place names in the state that use the words "lick" or "licking".
1203:
335:
1684:
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1149:
230:, a fort dubbed Martin's Station. Later that year Indians chased off Martin and his men, who returned to
153:
895:
765:. Horses, cattle, sheep and hogs herded in the other direction found waiting markets in the Carolinas,
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463:
416:
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51:
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Due to road realignments in many places modern roads do not always follow the old wilderness trails.
473:
After passing over the Cumberland Gap the Wilderness Road forked. The southern fork passed over the
245:, organized a land speculation company with a number of other prominent North Carolinians called the
211:
1326:
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blended into the leaves and undergrowth and were a danger to the pioneers, their horses and cattle.
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and crossed rough land (called the Devils Raceway) to the North Fork Clinch River. Then it crossed
330:
in other places, these all required significant civil engineering works to make a road bed past the
585:
343:
207:
67:
560:, split with Daniel Boone's party and turned westward on Skaggs Trace. The trail went through the
50:, the other (more northern route) is sometimes called the "Cumberland Road" because it started in
1500:
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833:
773:
537:
467:
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The first map of Kentucky, presented in 1784 by author John Filson to the United States Congress
1899:
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The western spur of the Wilderness road was originally known as Skaggs' Trace, named after the
20:
1504:
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approximately 10 miles where a Blockhouse was built to protect settlers in the area and named
199:
the Cherokee throughout the Appalachians. He was probably the first European to visit modern
62:'s advocacy of this route, early in the 19th century, the northern route was selected for the
1889:
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1101:
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and wild cats. Sometimes the Native Americans imitated these sounds. Venomous snakes such as
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Land Company. Martin and his men built the earliest westernmost frontier fort at present-day
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was one of two principal routes used by colonial and early national era settlers to reach
8:
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817:, allowing faster and cheaper travel both up and down the rivers. During the 1850s, the
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1299:. Kentucky Historical Society: Friends of Boone Trace, Inc., "Hazel Patch", ExploreKY
1270:. Kentucky Historical Society: Friends of Boone Trace, Inc., "Hazel Patch", ExploreKY
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and early railroad construction), although modern highways follow much of its route.
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when they camped for the night. Just before daybreak a group of Shawnee, slinging
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for tanning and dyeing. In the fall, its rich nuts were used to fatten razorback
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284:
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The Appalachian Mountains form a natural barrier to east–west travel. From
1606:
863:
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which would facilitate the movement of troops and supplies as well as settlers.
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308:
304:
265:
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43:
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809:, once envisioned as augmenting this commercial route. At the same time, the
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288:
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1829:
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485:. The northern fork split into two parts. The eastern spur went into the
366:
71:
365:. Before 1776, it had to be shipped into the Thirteen Colonies from the
1750:
1706:
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798:
649:, other tribes, such as the Shawnee, still claimed it and lived there.
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218:
59:
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at Kanes Gap. From there it ran southwest through the valley of the
427:
390:
374:
326:
While late 19th and 20th century technologies would later bridge the
316:
188:
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in 1671. In 1673, Wood sent Gabriel Arthur and James Needham to the
47:
26:
1788:(2002) Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina Press.
501:). As settlements grew southward, the road stretched all the way to
849:
766:
733:
642:
382:
320:
312:
296:
195:
for trade, so as to circumvent the Ocaneechee "middlemen" traders.
192:
156:
and his troops traversed the region in 1540 and 1541 searching for
97:
55:
39:
1818:. Louisville, Kentucky: Filson Historical Society. pp. 71–81.
572:(1783) originally named Crow's Station in 1774, what would become
163:
386:
172:
1649:(1992) San Francisco James Connoly (Small World Productions).
991:
A Short History of Martin's Station, historicmartinsstation.com
727:
695:
Judge Richard Henderson had made a treaty with the Cherokee at
676:
338:. Settlers from Pennsylvania tended to migrate south along the
100:
through the Cumberland Gap. It was later lengthened, following
85:
746:
664:
had further stirred up their passions against the white man.
149:
719:, would hide in ambush for weeks between Cumberland Gap and
1582:
668:
536:. The trace began just outside Hazel Patch, in present-day
362:
157:
75:
191:. The purpose was to try to make direct contact with the
1715:(1962) Chapel Hill .University of North Carolina Press .
489:
of Kentucky to Boonesborough on the Kentucky River (near
1701:(1992) Kingsport, Tenn. Arcata Graphics. ISBN Unknown
894:, and portions of the Wilderness Road can be visited at
1809:"Kentucky's Overland Trade with the Ante-Bellum South"
1632:
What Every American Should Know About American History
1443:
What Every American Should Know About American History
1426:
1424:
1076:
1074:
1089:: Arcata Graphics. pp. 100–103. ASIN B0006BNK0U.
411:
By the next year, the Shawnee had been joined by the
1609:. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation
568:. From there the trail went to the area that became
1682:
Running Mad for Kentucky: Frontier Travel Accounts.
1421:
1071:
780:. This was due largely to the efforts of Governor
431:
The Logan Trace (in yellow) and the Wilderness Road
42:from the East. Although this road goes through the
1663:(1989) Kingsport, Tenn. The Overmountain Press .
1152:: University of North Carolina Press. p. 62.
124:circa 1750), particularly after the improvements.
805:, geology and new railroad technology doomed the
1856:
1771:Born Fighting How the Scots-Irish Shaped America
1661:America's First Western Frontier: East Tennessee
1496:Born Fighting How the Scots-Irish Shaped America
1175:America's First Western Frontier: East Tennessee
1835:Map of the Kentucky part of the Wilderness Road
715:Often the Chickamauga, under the leadership of
1870:Historic trails and roads in the United States
879:(1,090 km) of paved roads existed in the
848:I could hold that pass against the army which
606:member since 1956, claims there are errors in
144:The first European explorers of the southern
953:
951:
419:with the settlers, which lasted until 1794.
175:explorations of the mountains were those of
1865:Native American trails in the United States
1728:The Rand McNally World Atlas of Exploration
1053:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. pp.
1019:The Rand McNally World Atlas of Exploration
836:used the Wilderness Road. An early battle (
797:was opened in 1818, allowing travel to the
821:was constructed along part of this route.
749:was also highly valued for its many uses.
632:indicates there are inaccuracies as well.
1634:(1992) Holbrook, MA. Adams Media Corp.
1398:
1327:"The Wilderness Road In Jefferson County"
948:
793:Use of the Wilderness Road fell when the
622:In 1784 Filson, also an historian, wrote
252:
30:The course of the Wilderness Road by 1785
1172:
1143:
870:height of land along the Wilderness Road
862:
801:on more level ground from the East. The
788:
512:
426:
256:
162:
25:
1773:(2004) New York : Broadway Books.
1755:Rouse, Parke, Jr: 'The Great Wagon Road
1601:
1599:
1439:
1354:
1080:
1880:Historic trails and roads in Tennessee
1857:
1830:Interactive map of the Wilderness Road
1745:(2004) Nashville: State of Tennessee.
1694:. University Press of Kentucky (2001).
1201:
1181:: The Overmountain Press. p. 26.
1099:
772:A postal road was opened in 1792 from
315:on the east side and through the gap,
1885:Historic trails and roads in Virginia
1875:Historic trails and roads in Kentucky
1677:(1973) New York Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
1093:
1046:
1022:. London: Mitchell Beazley. pp.
1015:
957:
1915:Native American history of Tennessee
1806:
1596:
1492:
1324:
752:
602:(1914–1975), Kentucky historian and
139:
46:into southern Kentucky and northern
1920:Native American history of Virginia
1910:Native American history of Kentucky
1807:Parr, Elizabeth L. (January 1928).
1110:: Small World Productions. p.
13:
1800:
1757:(2004) Richmond: The Diaz Press .
14:
1931:
1823:
1730:(1975) London: Mitchell Beazley.
1713:The Scotch Irish A Social History
1144:Williams, John Alexander (2002).
283:and the several ways such as the
1202:Hammon, Neal Owen (April 1970).
883:. Its name was later changed to
547:
493:). The western spur ran to the
16:Historic highway in Kentucky, US
1847:, is owned and operated by the
1841:Wilderness Road Regional Museum
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1433:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1355:Durrett, Reuben Thomas (1884).
1348:
1318:
1289:
1260:
1231:
1195:
1166:
858:
819:Virginia and Tennessee Railroad
813:first appeared on the Ohio and
524:
508:
450:), the road went north through
1583:"Cumberland Gap National Park"
1137:
1128:
1040:
1009:
995:
984:
1:
1624:
1407:: The Diaz Press. p. 6.
1241:. Kentucky Historical Society
745:for the market and the home.
690:
336:ridge-and-valley Appalachians
264:escorts settlers through the
1849:New River Historical Society
1685:University Press of Kentucky
1607:"Wilderness Road State Park"
1450:: Adams Media Corp. p.
968:University Press of Kentucky
941:
307:in the four-state region of
7:
1204:"Early Roads into Kentucky"
1150:Chapel Hill, North Carolina
909:
132:also stopping owing to the
58:. Despite Kentucky Senator
10:
1936:
1784:Williams, John Alexander:
1503:: Broadway Books. p.
1361:. Filson club. p. 37.
958:Drake, Richard B. (2003).
896:Wilderness Road State Park
776:through Cumberland Gap to
635:
334:geologist classify as the
18:
1647:America's Historic Trails
1399:Rouse Jr., Parke (2004).
1173:Calloway, Brenda (1989).
1108:San Francisco, California
1103:America's Historic Trails
916:Kentucky County, Virginia
604:Filson Historical Society
74:of northern Kentucky and
1675:Alistair Cooke's America
1329:. Bullitt County History
1081:Kincaid, Robert (1992).
1050:Alistair Cooke's America
1047:Cooke, Alistair (1973).
892:National Historical Park
556:'s party, that included
422:
344:Great Appalachian Valley
116:blazed by the competing
68:Washington, Pennsylvania
1743:The Tennessee Blue Book
1692:A History of Appalachia
1585:. National Park Service
1501:New York City, New York
1448:Holbrook, Massachusetts
1338:a marker is located on
1308:a marker is located on
1279:a marker is located on
960:A History of Appalachia
834:Confederate States Army
774:Bean Station, Tennessee
470:to the Cumberland Gap.
371:Boonesborough, Kentucky
1895:National Scenic Byways
1440:Axelrod, Alan (1992).
1211:www.boonetrace1775.com
871:
846:Army of the Cumberland
647:Treaty of Fort Stanwix
600:Robert Emmett McDowell
518:
432:
417:Cherokee–American wars
268:
253:Boone, the trailblazer
168:
31:
21:Wilderness Road (band)
1905:History of Appalachia
1816:Filson Club Quarterly
1786:Appalachia: A History
1297:"City of Springfield"
1146:Appalachia: A History
900:Cumberland Gap Tunnel
876:Middlesboro, Kentucky
866:
789:Civil War and decline
662:French and Indian War
630:Reuben Thomas Durrett
516:
430:
281:Gaps of the Allegheny
260:
210:, an investor in the
166:
146:Appalachian Mountains
104:trails, to reach the
29:
1493:Webb, James (2004).
1401:The Great Wagon Road
1325:McDowell, Robert E.
1179:Kingsport, Tennessee
1100:Bodett, Tom (1992).
1087:Kingsport, Tennessee
1016:Newby, Eric (1975).
890:Cumberland Gap is a
645:had ceded it at the
503:Knoxville, Tennessee
479:Nashville, Tennessee
448:Kingsport, Tennessee
413:Chickamauga Cherokee
247:Transylvania Company
90:Transylvania Company
1699:The Wilderness Road
1430:Kincaid, pp. 98-110
1342:, 7 miles north of
1312:, 7 miles north of
1283:, 7 miles north of
1254:, 7 miles north of
1225:, 7 miles north of
1083:The Wilderness Road
964:Lexington, Kentucky
931:Southwest Territory
675:, and the cries of
613:George Rogers Clark
584:(settled in 1780),
540:, and continued to
458:, then crossed the
228:Rose Hill, Virginia
171:The first recorded
1711:Leyburn, James G:
1690:Drake, Richard B.
1659:Calloway, Brenda:
1405:Richmond, Virginia
1340:Kentucky Route 490
1310:Kentucky Route 490
1281:Kentucky Route 490
1252:Kentucky Route 490
1250:marker located on
1223:Kentucky Route 490
1221:marker located on
872:
826:American Civil War
815:Mississippi Rivers
778:Danville, Kentucky
592:in 1773), and the
519:
475:Cumberland Plateau
433:
293:Cumberland Narrows
269:
217:In 1769, Virginia
212:Loyal Land Company
169:
130:Vandalia, Illinois
66:, connecting near
32:
19:For the band, see
1697:Kincaid, Robert:
1680:Eslinger, Ellen:
1673:Cooke, Alistair:
1064:978-0-394-48726-7
977:978-0-8131-9060-0
807:James River Canal
753:Commerce and mail
617:Falls of the Ohio
594:Falls of the Ohio
495:Falls of the Ohio
348:Shenandoah Valley
239:Richard Henderson
208:Dr. Thomas Walker
185:Overhill Cherokee
140:Early exploration
122:George Washington
106:Falls of the Ohio
1927:
1845:Dublin, Virginia
1819:
1813:
1741:Riley, Darnell:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1603:
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1346:
1344:London, Kentucky
1337:
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1307:
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982:
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936:Trans-Appalachia
926:Overmountain Men
842:Ulysses S. Grant
487:Bluegrass region
483:Cumberland River
340:Great Wagon Road
301:Nemacolin's Path
295:in northwestern
285:Kittanning Paths
232:Albemarle County
181:New River Valley
154:Hernando de Soto
88:a trail for the
1935:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
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1855:
1854:
1826:
1811:
1803:
1801:Further reading
1630:Axelrod, Alan:
1627:
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1621:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1588:
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1581:
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1572:Kincaid, p. 352
1571:
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1549:
1545:Kincaid, p. 187
1544:
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1536:Kincaid, p. 205
1535:
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1522:
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1474:Kincaid, p. 151
1473:
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1397:
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1389:Kincaid, p. 116
1388:
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1380:Kincaid, p. 175
1379:
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1371:Kincaid, p. 351
1370:
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989:
985:
978:
956:
949:
944:
912:
861:
791:
755:
697:Sycamore Shoals
693:
671:, the howls of
638:
550:
527:
511:
464:Powell Mountain
456:Clinch Mountain
425:
385:, and even the
255:
241:, a judge from
167:Wilderness Road
142:
52:Fort Cumberland
36:Wilderness Road
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
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1897:
1892:
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1824:External links
1822:
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1563:Bodett, p. 100
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1483:Kincaid p. 175
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1239:"Skaggs Trace"
1230:
1194:
1187:
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1136:
1134:Kincaid, p. 77
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885:U.S. Route 25E
868:Cumberland Gap
860:
857:
790:
787:
754:
751:
717:Dragging Canoe
692:
689:
637:
634:
615:landed at the
590:Bullitt's Lick
586:Shepherdsville
554:Benjamin Logan
549:
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424:
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402:Kentucky River
393:, defeated in
328:mountain chain
309:North Carolina
305:Cumberland Gap
266:Cumberland Gap
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243:North Carolina
141:
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44:Cumberland Gap
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1779:0-7679-1688-3
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1769:Webb, James:
1768:
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1763:0-87517-065-X
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1655:0-912333-00-6
1652:
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1645:Bodett, Tom:
1644:
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1640:1-55850-309-9
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853:led to Moscow
851:
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803:Panic of 1837
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795:National Road
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538:Laurel County
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223:Joseph Martin
221:and explorer
220:
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209:
204:
202:
201:West Virginia
196:
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137:
135:
134:Panic of 1837
131:
125:
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115:
114:Braddock Road
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
94:Fort Chiswell
91:
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79:
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69:
65:
64:National Road
61:
57:
53:
49:
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37:
28:
22:
1890:Daniel Boone
1815:
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1756:
1742:
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1698:
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1611:. Retrieved
1587:. Retrieved
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1320:
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1291:
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1262:
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1210:
1197:
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1168:
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1139:
1130:
1102:
1095:
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997:
986:
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921:Ohio Country
904:
889:
873:
859:Preservation
838:Camp Wildcat
823:
792:
782:Isaac Shelby
771:
756:
732:
725:
721:Crab Orchard
714:
710:
706:
702:
694:
685:rattlesnakes
666:
654:
651:
639:
624:
621:
598:
588:(founded as
566:Logan's Fort
562:Crab Orchard
551:
542:Crab Orchard
534:Henry Skaggs
528:
525:Skaggs Trace
520:
509:Western spur
472:
468:Powell River
460:Clinch River
452:Moccasin Gap
437:
434:
410:
399:
379:
373:. The many "
360:
352:
342:through the
325:
289:Pennsylvania
270:
262:Daniel Boone
246:
236:
216:
205:
197:
177:Abraham Wood
170:
143:
126:
118:Ohio Company
83:Daniel Boone
80:
35:
33:
1527:Rouse, p. 6
828:, both the
824:During the
759:Mississippi
739:tannic acid
681:copperheads
658:Chickamauga
578:Harrodsburg
574:Springfield
505:, by 1792.
440:Long Island
367:West Indies
355:longhunters
128:Road after
72:Ohio Valley
1859:Categories
1751:B000B9LQIK
1707:B0006BNK0U
1625:References
1613:2007-05-14
1589:2007-05-14
1333:2024-02-05
1303:2024-02-05
1274:2024-02-04
1245:2024-02-02
1216:2024-02-04
830:Union Army
799:Ohio River
691:Settlement
558:John Floyd
531:longhunter
499:Louisville
375:salt licks
303:, and the
219:longhunter
187:of modern
110:Louisville
60:Henry Clay
1687:, (2004).
942:Footnotes
811:steamboat
763:Louisiana
582:Bardstown
491:Lexington
438:From the
406:tomahawks
391:Cornstalk
317:Tennessee
237:In 1774,
206:In 1750,
189:Tennessee
81:In 1775,
70:into the
48:Tennessee
910:See also
850:Napoleon
832:and the
767:Maryland
734:Chestnut
677:panthers
643:Iroquois
608:Filson's
576:(1793),
570:Danville
552:In 1775
481:via the
446:(modern
383:Iroquois
321:Kentucky
313:Virginia
299:host to
297:Maryland
273:New York
193:Cherokee
98:Virginia
56:Maryland
40:Kentucky
1055:158–160
1024:172–173
747:Hemlock
636:Dangers
442:of the
415:in the
387:Shawnee
277:Georgia
173:English
150:Spanish
1792:
1777:
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974:
728:cattle
673:wolves
389:chief
291:, the
102:Indian
86:blazed
1812:(PDF)
1207:(PDF)
423:Route
148:were
92:from
1839:The
1790:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1747:ASIN
1732:ISBN
1717:ISBN
1703:ASIN
1665:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1636:ISBN
1509:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1409:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1154:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1028:ISBN
972:ISBN
761:and
743:hogs
683:and
669:owls
363:salt
346:and
319:and
311:and
158:gold
120:and
76:Ohio
34:The
1843:in
1505:149
1003:"?"
855:."
477:to
454:of
287:in
275:to
152:.
108:at
96:in
54:in
1861::
1814:.
1765:.
1598:^
1507:.
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23:.
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