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337:, with a mandate to advance legislation to restrict the killing of birds and sale of their plumage. The group, with over half its officers being women, used its political power to have a Massachusetts law passed in 1897 outlawing trade in wild bird feathers and the 1900 Lacey Act, which prohibits interstate shipment of animals killed in violation of local laws.
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analyzed his problem as psychogenic and treated him with hypnotic suggestion. This allowed
Brewster to hike 2–6 miles per day in his ornithological work. As he wrote to Gehring, "“My legs, for the first time in twenty years, feel exactly alike. I did run and jump and try in every way to see if I could not reveal some lingering weakness but without doing so”
220:. He suffered eyesight problems as a youth and into adulthood. He was often unable to read or study, sometimes for extended periods. During his last year of high school, he was unable to read so his mother read his lessons to him. His parents and doctors deemed him too frail and nearsighted to attend
249:
Brewster himself wrote, "On
January 1, 1862, my friend Mr. Daniel C. French called at our house to give me my first lesson in taxidermy, an art known in those days to but very few persons save the professional bird stuffers." By 1865, Brewster had several cases of mounted birds and a collection of
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He spent much time on expeditions and from 1873 to 1898 he did so while suffering from bouts of lameness and debilitating pain in his legs. In 1898, lameness confined him to his hotel room in the
Netherlands for two weeks. He was successfully treated by John Gehring, MD in Bethel Maine, who
429:"to the author or co-authors (not previously so honored) of an exceptional body of work on birds of the Western Hemisphere." The award, consisting of a medal and honorarium, was given every other year from 1921 through 1937 and then annually.
240:
who displayed his skill in cases in his home. Brewster's father gave him a gun and taught him to shoot, providing a means of collecting birds to study. In the nineteenth century, shooting was the usual way of collecting specimens.
295:, where he served until his death, though after 1900 he cared for birds alone, and he left his position at the Boston Society of Natural History in 1887. He also devoted substantial time to his own private museum of ornithology.
253:
Brewster kept detailed records of his observations and continued to do so for the rest of his life. To encourage his interests, his father presented him with the five volumes of
Audubon's
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maintains an archive of
Brewster's journals, diaries, field notebooks, correspondence, and photographs. Much of this material has been digitized and is available through the
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Harris, B. & Stevens, C. J. (2020). Practicing Mind-Body
Medicine before Freud: John G. Gehring, the "Wizard of the Androscoggin.”
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Brewster attended
Cambridge public schools, Washington Grammar School and Cambridge High School, taking a preparatory course to enter
201:, the youngest of four children born to John Brewster, a successful Boston banker, and Rebecca Parker (Noyes). The couple settled in
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nests and eggs. A few years later, he learned to make skins and gave up mounting stuffed birds.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Saving
American birds: T. Gilbert Pearson and the founding of the Audubon movement
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488:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: American Ornithologists' Union: 1–23. January 1920.
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Ernst Mayr
Library, Museum of Comparative Zoology Archives, Harvard University.
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were not generally available until the early twentieth century. In his book,
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At about the age of 10, Brewster became close friends with a boy his age,
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310:, of which he was the founder in 1873. He was a co-founder, with
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William
Brewster was born on July 5, 1851, in South Reading (now
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Women’s Work in Natural History Museums by By Dr. Jenna Tonn -
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https://brewminate.com/womens-work-in-natural-history-museums/
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322:(AOU) in 1883 and served as its president from 1895 to 1898.
525:"Brewster, William, American ornithologist and author"
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In 1880, he became assistant in charge of the collection of
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556:"William Brewster, Brief life of a bird-lover: 1851-1919"
279:, and in 1885 became curator of mammals and birds at the
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Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 56
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Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
692:"Transcribing the Field Notes of William Brewster"
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738:
351:Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History
164:(July 5, 1851 – July 11, 1919) was an American
383:Birds of the Cambridge Region of Massachusetts
82:Birds of the Cambridge Region of Massachusetts
375:Birds of the Cape Regions of Lower California
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78:Birds of the Cape Regions of Lower California
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345:Brewster published over 300 articles in the
327:Mass Audubon (Massachusetts Audubon Society)
236:. French's father was a hunter and amateur
670:. University Press of Florida. p. 22.
618:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
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347:Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club
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325:Brewster served as the first president of
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538:
493:
612:"Brewster, William, ornithologist"
451:The International Who's Who in the World
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554:Emmet, Alan (November–December 2007).
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767:People from Wakefield, Massachusetts
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363:, and other periodicals. He wrote:
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720:"William Brewster Memorial Award"
522:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
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277:Boston Society of Natural History
772:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
287:, working closely with director
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478:"In Memoriam: William Brewster"
426:William Brewster Memorial Award
415:William Brewster Memorial Award
97:Rebecca Parker (Noyes) (mother)
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320:American Ornithologists' Union
247:Birds of the Cambridge Region,
170:American Ornithologists' Union
94:John Brewster, banker (father)
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646:"Nuttall Ornithological Club"
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409:Biodiversity Heritage Library
401:Museum of Comparative Zoology
302:Brewster was a fellow of the
281:Museum of Comparative Zoology
145:Author abbrev. (zoology)
134:Museum of Comparative Zoology
562:. Vol. 110, no. 2.
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329:from 1896–1913, founded by
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419:In honor of Brewster, the
260:Career and accomplishments
331:Harriet Lawrence Hemenway
255:Ornithological Biography.
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125:Ornithologist, naturalist
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757:Harvard University staff
621:. New York: D. Appleton.
184:Early life and education
63:Cambridge, Massachusetts
762:American ornithologists
172:(AOU) and was an early
666:Orr, Oliver H (1992).
531:Encyclopedia Americana
293:Elizabeth Hodges Clark
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16:American ornithologist
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168:. He co-founded the
453:. 1912. p. 174.
447:"BREWSTER, William"
275:and mammals in the
405:Harvard University
285:Harvard University
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138:Harvard University
677:978-0-8130-1129-5
391:Unpublished works
289:Alexander Agassiz
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116:Scientific career
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333:(1858–1960) and
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41:July 5, 1851
752:1919 deaths
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423:awards the
238:taxidermist
741:Categories
433:References
397:Ernst Mayr
243:Binoculars
207:Longfellow
174:naturalist
607:Fiske, J.
349:, in the
318:, of the
308:Cambridge
203:Cambridge
195:Wakefield
189:Childhood
725:24 April
651:29 March
635:, 75-98.
150:Brewster
600::
504:4072953
482:The Auk
360:The Auk
222:Harvard
218:Harvard
88:Parents
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502:
386:(1906)
378:(1902)
370:(1886)
122:Fields
105:Awards
500:JSTOR
273:birds
727:2012
672:ISBN
653:2012
395:The
314:and
291:and
176:and
52:Died
38:Born
490:doi
421:AOU
403:at
283:at
197:),
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
