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Before a parliamentary committee on railways in 1840, Wheatstone stated that he had, with Cooke, obtained a new patent for a telegraphic arrangement; the new apparatus required only a single pair of wires. But the telegraph was still too costly for general purposes. In 1845, however, Cooke and
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companies, successively allowing the use of their lines for the experiment. A five needle model of telegraph was given up as too expensive. In 1838 an improvement reduced the number of needles to two, and a patent for this was taken out by Cooke and
Wheatstone.
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Wheatstone and Cooke's first patent was taken out within a month and was "for improvements in giving signals and sounding alarms in distant places by means of electric currents transmitted through electric circuits". Cooke now tested the invention, with the
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an account of experiments on the velocity of electricity. Cooke had already constructed a system of telegraphing with three needles on
Schilling's principle, and made designs for a mechanical alarm. He had also made some progress in negotiating with the
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In the meantime a priority dispute arose between Cooke and
Wheatstone. An arrangement was come to in 1843 by which several patents were assigned to Cooke, with the reservation of a mileage royalty to Wheatstone; and in 1846 the
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Wheatstone succeeded in producing the single needle apparatus, which they patented, and from that time the electric telegraph became a practical instrument, soon adopted on all the railway lines of the country.
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Cooke later tried to obtain an extension of the original patents, but the judicial committee of the Privy
Council decided that Cooke and Wheatstone had been sufficiently remunerated. The
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was awarded on equal terms to Cooke and
Wheatstone in 1867; and two years later Cooke was knighted, Wheatstone having had the same honour conferred upon him the year before.
168:. In 1836 he saw electric telegraphy, then only experimental: Munke had illustrated his lectures with a telegraphic apparatus on the principle introduced by
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Account of the Introduction of the Galvanic and Electro-Magnetic Telegraph into England/Comments thereon by William Fothergill Cooke
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for the use of his telegraphs. Cooke and
Wheatstone went into partnership in May 1837; Cooke handled the business side.
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in 1835. Cooke decided to put the invention into practical operation with the railway systems; and gave up medicine.
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was formed in conjunction with Cooke, the company paying £120,000 for Cooke and
Wheatstone's earlier patents.
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Burnley, James; Bowers, Brian (reviewer) (January 2011) . "Cooke, Sir
William Fothergill (1806–1879)".
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After five years' service in India Cooke returned home; then studied medicine in Paris, and at
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Extracts from the
Private Letters of the Late Sir William Fothergill Cooke, 1836 – 39
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359: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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109:(4 May 1806 – 25 June 1879) was an English inventor. He was, with
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Early in 1837 Cooke returned to England, with introductions to
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Biography from the Institution of Engineering and Technology
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was granted to Cooke in 1871. He died on 25 June 1879.
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190:Liverpool & Manchester Railway
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376:Dictionary of National Biography
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244:British Rail Telecommunications
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198:London & Blackwall Railway
16:19th-century telegraph pioneer
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424:. London: E. and F. N. Spon.
411:UK public library membership
336:issue 227 25 May 1994 page 9
107:Sir William Fothergill Cooke
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219:Electric Telegraph Company
123:Electric Telegraph Company
442:See Appendix, Chapter III
438:"Heroes of The Telegraph"
367:Cooke, William Fothergill
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365:Burnley, James (1887). "
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42:William Fothergill Cooke
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151:University of Edinburgh
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460:Texts on Wikisource:
403:10.1093/ref:odnb/6192
230:Royal Society of Arts
206:Great Western Railway
145:. He was educated at
143:University of Durham
86:Electrical telegraph
304:, pp. 102–103.
166:Georg Wilhelm Munke
501:People from Ealing
237:civil list pension
111:Charles Wheatstone
409:(Subscription or
251:Sir William Cooke
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349:Attribution
155:Indian Army
149:and at the
480:Categories
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344:References
204:, and the
162:Heidelberg
51:4 May 1806
139:Middlesex
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257:See also
373:(ed.).
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92:Awards
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129:Life
63:Died
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