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6778:, Taft hoped to prevent war through an international association of nations. With World War I raging in Europe, Taft sent Wilson a note of support for his foreign policy in 1915. President Wilson accepted Taft's invitation to address the league, and spoke in May 1916 of a postwar international organization that could prevent a repetition. Taft supported the effort to get Justice Hughes to resign from the bench and accept the Republican presidential nomination. Once this was done, Hughes tried to get Roosevelt and Taft to reconcile, as a united effort was needed to defeat Wilson. This occurred on October 3 in New York, but Roosevelt allowed only a handshake, and no words were exchanged. This was one of many difficulties for the Republicans in the campaign, and Wilson narrowly won reelection.
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predecessor" and to have had a part "in the reforms he has initiated. I should be untrue to myself, to my promises, and to the declarations of the party platform on which I was elected if I did not make the maintenance and enforcement of those reforms a most important feature of my administration". He pledged to make those reforms long-lasting, ensuring that honest businessmen did not suffer uncertainty through change of policy. He spoke of the need to reduce the 1897 Dingley tariff, of the need for antitrust reform, and for continued advancement of the
Philippines toward full self-government. Roosevelt left office with regret that his tenure in the position he enjoyed so much was over and, to keep out of Taft's way, arranged for a year-long hunting trip to Africa.
56:
6872:, to advise him on appointments, and the two men conferred there on December 24, 1920. By Taft's later account, after some conversation, Harding casually asked if Taft would accept appointment to the Supreme Court; if Taft would, Harding would appoint him. Taft had a condition for Hardingβhaving served as president, and having appointed two of the present associate justices and opposed Brandeis, he could accept only the chief justice position. Harding made no response, and Taft in a thank-you note reiterated the condition and stated that Chief Justice White had often told him he was keeping the position for Taft until a Republican held the White House. In January 1921, Taft heard through intermediaries that Harding planned to appoint him, if given the chance.
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had lengthy backlogs, as did the
Supreme Court. Immediately on taking office, Taft made it a priority to confer with Attorney General Daugherty as to new legislation, and made his case before congressional hearings, in legal periodicals and in speeches across the country. When Congress convened in December 1921, a bill was introduced for 24 new judges, to empower the Chief Justice to move judges temporarily to eliminate the delays, and to have him chair a body consisting of the senior appellate judge of each circuit. Congress objected to some aspects, requiring Taft to get the agreement of the senior judge of each involved circuit before assigning a judge, but it passed the bill in September 1922, and the
7418:, concurred: "In Taft's case, the symbol, the tag, the label usually attached to him is 'conservative.' It is certainly not of itself a term of opprobrium even when bandied by the critics, but its use is too often confused with 'reactionary.'" Most commentators agree that Taft's most significant contribution as chief justice was his advocacy for reform of the high court, urging and ultimately gaining improvement in the Court's procedures and facilities. Mason cited enactment of the Judges' Bill of 1925 as Taft's major achievement on the Court. According to Anderson, as chief justice, Taft "was as aggressive in the pursuit of his agenda in the judicial realm as Theodore Roosevelt was in the presidential".
6684:. Taft knew he would lose, but concluded that through Roosevelt's loss at Chicago the party had been preserved as "the defender of conservative government and conservative institutions." He made his doomed run to preserve conservative control of the Republican Party. Governor Woodrow Wilson was the Democratic nominee. Seeing Roosevelt as the greater electoral threat, Wilson spent little time attacking Taft, arguing that Roosevelt had been lukewarm in opposing the trusts during his presidency, and that Wilson was the true reformer. Taft contrasted what he called his "progressive conservatism" with Roosevelt's Progressive democracy, which to Taft represented "the establishment of a benevolent despotism."
5882:, noting, "it is organized on the basis of the needs of the government in 1800 instead of 1900." The department was for the first time organized into geographical divisions, including desks for the Far East, Latin America and Western Europe. The department's first in-service training program was established, and appointees spent a month in Washington before going to their posts. Taft and Secretary of State Knox had a strong relationship, and the president listened to his counsel on matters foreign and domestic. According to historian Paolo E. Coletta, Knox was not a good diplomat, and had poor relations with the Senate, press, and many foreign leaders, especially those from Latin America.
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the foresight and imagination to notice the storm brewing in the political sky until it broke and swamped him?" Adept at using the levers of power in a way his successor could not, Roosevelt generally got what was politically possible out of a situation. Taft was generally slow to act, and when he did, his actions often generated enemies, as in the
BallingerβPinchot affair. Roosevelt was able to secure positive coverage in the newspapers; Taft was reticent talking to reporters, and, with no comment from the White House, hostile journalists filled the gaps with quotes from Taft opponents. Roosevelt engraved in public memory the image of Taft as a
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the contested delegates could not vote on their own seating, they could vote on the other contested delegates, a ruling that assured Taft's nomination, as the motion offered by the
Roosevelt forces failed, 567β507. As it became clear Roosevelt would bolt the party if not nominated, some Republicans sought a compromise candidate to avert electoral disaster; they failed. Taft's name was placed in nomination by Warren Harding, whose attempts to praise Taft and unify the party were met with angry interruptions from progressives. Taft was nominated on the first ballot, though most Roosevelt delegates refused to vote.
6155:, but the Chinese revoked the agreement in 1904 after the company (which was indemnified for the revocation) breached the agreement by selling a majority stake outside the United States. The Chinese imperial government got the money for the indemnity from the British Hong Kong government, on condition British subjects would be favored if foreign capital was needed to build the railroad line, and in 1909, a British-led consortium began negotiations. This came to Knox's attention in May of that year, and he demanded that U.S. banks be allowed to participate. Taft appealed personally to the Prince Regent,
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7383:(which placed this view in enduring form) was published after both men had left the presidency (in 1913), was intended in part to justify Roosevelt's splitting of the Republican Party, and contains not a single positive reference to the man Roosevelt had hand-picked as his successor. While Roosevelt was biased, he was not alone: every major newspaper reporter of that time who left reminiscences of Taft's presidency was critical of him. Taft replied to his predecessor's criticism with his constitutional treatise on the powers of the presidency.
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former president had never forgiven for his role in the
BallingerβPinchot affair. When hearings led to nothing discreditable about Brandeis, Taft intervened with a letter signed by himself and other former ABA presidents, stating that Brandeis was not fit to serve on the Supreme Court. Nevertheless, the Democratic-controlled Senate confirmed Brandeis. Taft and Roosevelt remained embittered; they met only once in the first three years of the Wilson presidency, at a funeral at Yale. They spoke only for a moment, politely but formally.
5111:(often called Nellie), but it was no later than 1880, when she mentioned in her diary receiving an invitation to a party from him. By 1884, they were meeting regularly, and in 1885, after an initial rejection, she agreed to marry him. The wedding took place at the Herron home on June 19, 1886. William Taft remained devoted to his wife throughout their almost 44 years of marriage. Nellie Taft pushed her husband much as his parents had, and she could be very frank with her criticisms. The couple had three children, of whom the eldest,
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White House with a mandate for progressive policies that would brook no opposition. In
February, Roosevelt announced he would accept the Republican nomination if it was offered to him. Taft felt that if he lost in November, it would be a repudiation of the party, but if he lost renomination, it would be a rejection of himself. He was reluctant to oppose Roosevelt, who helped make him president, but having become president, he was determined to be president, and that meant not standing aside to allow Roosevelt to gain another term.
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7196:, contrasted Taft's expansive view of the role of the chief justice with the narrow view of presidential power he took while in that office. Taft saw nothing wrong with making his views on possible appointments to the Court known to the White House, and was annoyed to be criticized in the press. He was initially a firm supporter of President Coolidge after Harding's death in 1923, but became disillusioned with Coolidge's appointments to office and to the bench; he had similar misgivings about Coolidge's successor,
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6287:, the large manufacturer of farm equipment, in early 1912. As Roosevelt's administration had investigated International Harvester, but had taken no action (a decision Taft had supported), the suit became caught up in Roosevelt's challenge for the Republican presidential nomination. Supporters of Taft alleged that Roosevelt had acted improperly; the former president blasted Taft for waiting three and a half years, and until he was under challenge, to reverse a decision he had supported.
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conservatism of thought and doctrine have an element of truth, but they fail to do justice to a shrewd commentator on the political scene, a man of consummate ambition, and a resourceful practitioner of the internal politics of his party." Anderson deemed Taft's success in becoming both president and chief justice "an astounding feat of inside judicial and
Republican party politics, played out over years, the likes of which we are not likely to see again in American history".
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6716:. He accepted, and after a month's vacation in Georgia, arrived in New Haven on April 1, 1913, to a rapturous reception. As it was too late in the semester for him to give an academic course, he instead prepared eight lectures on "Questions of Modern Government", which he delivered in May. He earned money with paid speeches and with articles for magazines, and would end his eight years out of office having increased his savings. While at Yale, he wrote the treatise,
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6342:"was an utterly improper appeal from an executive subordinate to the legislative branch of the government and an unhappy president prepared to separate Pinchot from public office". Pinchot was dismissed, much to his delight, and he sailed for Europe to lay his case before Roosevelt. A congressional investigation followed, which cleared Ballinger by majority vote, but the administration was embarrassed when Glavis' attorney,
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challenged the election of these delegates, but the RNC overruled most objections. Roosevelt's sole remaining chance was with a friendly convention chairman, who might make rulings on the seating of delegates that favored his side. Taft followed custom and remained in
Washington, but Roosevelt went to Chicago to run his campaign and told his supporters in a speech, "we stand at Armageddon, and we battle for the Lord".
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5282:, and taught international law at the Yale Law School. Taft advocated the establishment of a world court of arbitration supported by an international police force and is considered a major proponent of "world peace through law" movement. One of the reasons for his bitter break with Roosevelt in 1910β12 was Roosevelt's insistence that arbitration was naΓ―ve and that only war could decide major international disputes.
5139:, a former Secretary of State, had been a classmate of Alphonso Taft at Yale. Evarts called to see his friend's son as soon as Taft took office, and William and Nellie Taft were launched into Washington society. Nellie Taft was ambitious for herself and her husband, and was annoyed when the people he socialized with most were mainly Supreme Court justices, rather than the arbiters of Washington society such as
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invited him to stay at the White House. The former president declined, and in private letters to friends expressed dissatisfaction at Taft's performance. Taft and
Roosevelt met twice in 1910; the meetings, though outwardly cordial, did not display their former closeness. Nevertheless, he wrote that he expected Taft to be renominated by the Republicans in 1912, and did not speak of himself as a candidate.
6703:. But few electors chose Taft and Butler, who won only Utah and Vermont, for a total of eight electoral votes. Roosevelt won 88, and Wilson 435. Wilson won with a pluralityβnot a majorityβof the popular vote. Taft finished with just under 3.5 million, over 600,000 less than the former president. Taft was not on the ballot in California, due to the actions of local Progressives, nor in South Dakota.
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friendship and navigation entered into by the U.S. and Japan in 1911 granted broad reciprocal rights to
Japanese people in America and Americans in Japan, but were premised on the continuation of the Gentlemen's Agreement. There was objection on the West Coast when the treaty was submitted to the Senate, but Taft informed politicians that there was no change in immigration policy.
6275:, a decision the former president defended when testifying at the hearings. Taft, as Secretary of War, had praised the acquisitions. Historian Louis L. Gould suggested that Roosevelt was likely deceived into believing that U.S. Steel did not want to purchase the Tennessee company, but it was in fact a bargain. For Roosevelt, questioning the matter went to his personal honesty.
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5320:. The appointment would require Taft's resignation from the bench; the president assured him that if he fulfilled this task, McKinley would appoint him to the next vacancy on the high court. Taft accepted on condition he was made head of the commission, with responsibility for success or failure; McKinley agreed, and Taft sailed for the islands in April 1900.
6159:, and was successful in gaining U.S. participation, though agreements were not signed until May 1911. However, the Chinese decree authorizing the agreement also required the nationalization of local railroad companies in the affected provinces. Inadequate compensation was paid to the shareholders, and these grievances were among those which touched off the
5611:, a pledge he quickly regretted. But he felt bound by his word. Roosevelt believed Taft was his logical successor, although the War Secretary had initially been reluctant to run. Roosevelt used his control of the party machinery to aid his heir apparent. On pain of the loss of their jobs, political appointees were required to support Taft or remain silent.
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block Roosevelt. The president issued a confident statement in September after the Republicans narrowly won Vermont's state elections in a three-way fight, but had no illusions he would win his race. He had hoped to send his cabinet officers out on the campaign trail, but found them reluctant to go. Senator Root agreed to give a single speech for him.
5096:. The appointment was good for just over a year, after which he would have to face the voters, and in April 1888, he sought election for the first of three times in his lifetime, the other two being for the presidency. He was elected to a full five-year term. Some two dozen of Taft's opinions as a state judge survive, the most significant being
6447:, who became the first associate justice to be promoted to chief justice. According to Lurie, Taft, who still had hopes of being chief justice, may have been more willing to appoint an older man than he (White) than a younger one (Hughes), who might outlive him, as indeed Hughes did. To fill White's seat as associate justice, Taft appointed
5672:, and Bryan proposed that contributions by officers and directors of corporations be similarly banned, or at least disclosed when made. Taft was only willing to see the contributions disclosed after the election, and tried to ensure that officers and directors of corporations litigating with the government were not among his contributors.
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that he had never run for an important executive or legislative position, which would have allowed him to develop the skills to manipulate public opinion, as "the presidency is no place for on-the-job training". According to Coletta, "in troubled times in which the people demanded progressive change, he saw the existing order as good."
4917:, then a major source of governmental income, but the resulting bill was heavily influenced by special interests. His administration was filled with conflict between the Republican Party's conservative wing, with which Taft often sympathized, and its progressive wing, toward which Roosevelt moved more and more. Controversies
5158:, by which the U.S. government would concede a case in the Supreme Court that it had won in the court below but that the solicitor general thought it should have lost. At Taft's request, the Supreme Court reversed a murder conviction that Taft said had been based on inadmissible evidence. The policy continues to this day.
7200:. Taft advised the Republican presidents in office while he was chief justice to avoid "offside" appointments like Brandeis and Holmes. Nevertheless, by 1923, Taft was writing of his liking for Brandeis, whom he deemed a hard worker, and Holmes walked to work with him until age and infirmity required an automobile.
6178:, Taft was reluctant to recognize the new government, although American public opinion was in favor of it. The U.S. House of Representatives in February 1912 passed a resolution supporting a Chinese republic, but Taft and Knox felt recognition should come as a concerted action by Western powers. Taft in his final
6443:. Taft told Hughes that should the chief justiceship fall vacant during his term, Hughes would be his likely choice for the center seat. The Senate quickly confirmed Hughes, but then Chief Justice Fuller died on July 4, 1910. Taft took five months to replace Fuller, and when he did, it was with Justice
7460:
in Washington represent a suitable monument for Nellie Taft, there is no memorial to her husband, except perhaps the magnificent home for his Courtβone for which he eagerly planned. But he died even before ground was broken for the structure. As he reacted to his overwhelming defeat for reelection in
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wrote that despite being "one of the most interesting, intellectual, and versatile presidents ... a chief justice of the United States, a wrestler at Yale, a reformer, a peace activist, and a baseball fan ... today, Taft is best remembered as the president who was so large that he got stuck
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Taft insisted on going to Cincinnati to attend the funeral of his brother Charles, who died on December 31, 1929; the strain did not improve his own health. When the court reconvened on January 6, 1930, Taft had not returned to Washington, and two opinions were delivered by Van Devanter that Taft had
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White by then was in failing health, but made no move to resign when Harding was sworn in on March 4, 1921. Taft called on the chief justice on March 26, and found White ill, but still carrying on his work and not talking of retiring. White did not retire, dying in office on May 19, 1921. Taft issued
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in Chicago, Taft heard that Roosevelt was there having dinner, and after he walked in, the two men embraced to the applause of the room, but the relationship did not progress; Roosevelt died in January 1919. Taft later wrote, "Had he died in a hostile state of mind toward me, I would have mourned the
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Taft had won over Root, who agreed to run for temporary chairman of the convention, and the delegates elected Root over Roosevelt's candidate. The Roosevelt forces moved to substitute the delegates they supported for the ones they argued should not be seated. Root made a crucial ruling, that although
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Roosevelt received many letters from supporters urging him to run, and Republican office-holders were organizing on his behalf. Thwarted on many policies by an unwilling Congress and courts in his full term in the White House, he saw manifestations of public support he believed would sweep him to the
6341:
Taft had ordered government officials not to comment on the fracas. In January 1910, Pinchot forced the issue by sending a letter to Iowa Senator Dolliver alleging that but for the actions of the Forestry Service, Taft would have approved a fraudulent claim on public lands. According to Pringle, this
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Roosevelt had withdrawn much land from the public domain, including some in Alaska thought rich in coal. In 1902, Clarence Cunningham, an Idaho entrepreneur, had found coal deposits in Alaska, and made mining claims, and the government investigated their legality. This dragged on for the remainder of
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applied. The policy was unpopular among Latin American states that did not wish to become financial protectorates of the United States, as well as in the U.S. Senate, many of whose members believed the U.S. should not interfere abroad. No foreign affairs controversy tested Taft's policy more than the
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In the end, Taft won by a comfortable margin. Taft defeated Bryan by 321 electoral votes to 162; however, he garnered just 51.6 percent of the popular vote. Nellie Taft said regarding the campaign, "There was nothing to criticize, except his not knowing or caring about the way the game of politics is
7374:
Inevitably linked with Roosevelt, who chose him to be president and took it away, Taft generally falls in the former's shadow. Yet, a portrait of Taft as a victim of betrayal by his best friend is incomplete: as Coletta put it, "Was he a poor politician because he was victimized or because he lacked
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When Taft became Chief Justice, the Court did not have its own building and met in the Capitol. Its offices were cluttered and overcrowded, but Fuller and White had been opposed to proposals to move the Court to its own building. In 1925, Taft began a fight to get the Court a building, and two years
7203:
Believing that the Chief Justice should be responsible for the federal courts, Taft felt that he should have an administrative staff to assist him, and the chief justice should be empowered to temporarily reassign judges. He also believed the federal courts had been ill-run. Many of the lower courts
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of Georgia; he had in vain urged Theodore Roosevelt to appoint Lurton to the high court. Attorney General Wickersham objected that Lurton, a former Confederate soldier and a Democrat, was aged 65. Taft named Lurton anyway on December 13, 1909, and the Senate confirmed him by voice vote a week later.
6123:
Due to his years in the Philippines, Taft was keenly interested as president in East Asian affairs. Taft considered relations with Europe relatively unimportant, but because of the potential for trade and investment, Taft ranked the post of minister to China as most important in the Foreign Service.
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for advice on his acceptance speech, saying that he needed "the President's judgment and criticism". Taft supported most of Roosevelt's policies. He argued that labor had a right to organize, but not boycott, and that corporations and the wealthy must also obey the law. Bryan wanted the railroads to
5200:
According to historian Louis L. Gould, "while Taft shared the fears about social unrest that dominated the middle classes during the 1890s, he was not as conservative as his critics believed. He supported the right of labor to organize and strike, and he ruled against employers in several negligence
7211:
The Supreme Court's docket was congested, swelled by war litigation and laws that allowed a party defeated in the circuit court of appeals to have the case decided by the Supreme Court if a constitutional question was involved. Taft believed an appeal should usually be settled by the circuit court,
6573:
In addition to the judicial issue, Roosevelt called for "elimination of corporate expenditures for political purposes, physical valuation of railroad properties, regulation of industrial combinations, establishment of an export tariff commission, a graduated income tax", and "workmen's compensation
6529:
During Roosevelt's fifteen months beyond the Atlantic, from March 1909 to June 1910, neither man wrote much to the other. Taft biographer Lurie suggested that each expected the other to make the first move to re-establish their relationship on a new footing. Upon Roosevelt's triumphant return, Taft
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In September 1909, Glavis made his allegations public in a magazine article, disclosing that Ballinger had acted as an attorney for Cunningham between his two periods of government service. This violated conflict of interest rules forbidding a former government official from advocacy on a matter he
6191:
Taft was opposed to the traditional practice of rewarding wealthy supporters with key ambassadorial posts, preferring that diplomats not live in a lavish lifestyle and selecting men who, as Taft put it, would recognize an American when they saw one. High on his list for dismissal was the ambassador
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tariff had been enacted to protect American industry from foreign competition. The 1908 party platform had supported unspecified revisions to the Dingley Act, and Taft interpreted this to mean reduction. Taft called a special session of Congress to convene on March 15, 1909, to deal with the tariff
5893:
in the Caribbean and Central America. Previous administrations had made efforts to promote American business interests overseas, but Taft went a step further and used the web of American diplomats and consuls abroad to further trade. Such ties, Taft hoped, would promote world peace. Taft pushed for
5827:
Taft did not enjoy the easy relationship with the press that Roosevelt had, choosing not to offer himself for interviews or photo opportunities as often as his predecessor had. His administration marked a change in style from the charismatic leadership of Roosevelt to Taft's quieter passion for the
5716:
should be amended to allow for an income tax, thus overruling decisions of the Supreme Court striking such a tax down. Roosevelt's expansive use of executive power had been controversial; Taft proposed to continue his policies, but place them on more solid legal underpinnings through the passage of
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in difficult situations, as a legal adviser, and to be able to give campaign speeches as he sought election in his own right. Taft strongly defended Roosevelt's record in his addresses, and wrote of the president's successful but strenuous efforts to gain election, "I would not run for president if
5367:
Taft sought to make the Filipinos partners in a venture that would lead to their self-government; he saw independence as something decades off. Many Americans in the Philippines viewed the locals as racial inferiors, but Taft wrote soon before his arrival, "we propose to banish this idea from their
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in 1889, and Governor Foraker suggested President Harrison appoint Taft to fill it. Taft was 32 and his professional goal was always a seat on the Supreme Court. He actively sought the appointment, writing to Foraker to urge the governor to press his case, while stating to others it was unlikely he
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Mason called Taft's years in the White House "undistinguished". Coletta deemed Taft to have had a solid record of bills passed by Congress, but felt he could have accomplished more with political skill. Anderson noted that Taft's prepresidential federal service was entirely in appointed posts, and
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on March 4, 1929, Taft recited part of the oath incorrectly, later writing, "my memory is not always accurate and one sometimes becomes a little uncertain", misquoting again in that letter, differently. His health gradually declined over the near-decade of his chief justiceship. Worried that if he
6209:
Taft was a supporter of settling international disputes by arbitration, and he negotiated treaties with Great Britain and with France providing that differences be arbitrated. These were signed in August 1911. Neither Taft nor Knox (a former senator) consulted with members of the Senate during the
5944:
When opponents sought to modify the tariff bill to allow for an income tax, Taft opposed it on the ground that the Supreme Court would likely strike it down as unconstitutional, as it had before. Instead, they proposed a constitutional amendment, which passed both houses in early July, was sent to
4925:
cases filed by the Taft administration served to further separate the two men. Roosevelt challenged Taft for renomination in 1912. Taft used his control of the party machinery to gain a bare majority of delegates and Roosevelt bolted the party. The split left Taft with little chance of reelection,
6695:
Reverting to the pre-1888 custom that presidents seeking reelection did not campaign, Taft spoke publicly only once, making his nomination acceptance speech on August 1. He had difficulty in financing the campaign, as many industrialists had concluded he could not win, and would support Wilson to
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took a more militant stand for equality. Taft tended toward Washington's approach. According to Coletta, Taft let the African-American "be 'kept in his place' ... He thus failed to see or follow the humanitarian mission historically associated with the Republican party, with the result that
6278:
In October 1911, Taft's Justice Department brought suit against U.S. Steel, demanding that over a hundred of its subsidiaries be granted corporate independence, and naming as defendants many prominent business executives and financiers. The pleadings in the case had not been reviewed by Taft, and
6114:
Treaties among Panama, Colombia, and the United States to resolve disputes arising from the Panamanian Revolution of 1903 had been signed by the lame-duck Roosevelt administration in early 1909, and were approved by the Senate and also ratified by Panama. Colombia, however, declined to ratify the
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on March 4, 1909. Due to a winter storm that coated Washington with ice, Taft was inaugurated within the Senate Chamber rather than outside the Capitol as is customary. The new president stated in his inaugural address that he had been honored to have been "one of the advisers of my distinguished
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Taft remained involved in Philippine affairs. During Roosevelt's election campaign in 1904, he urged that Philippine agricultural products be admitted to the U.S. without duty. This caused growers of U.S. sugar and tobacco to complain to Roosevelt, who remonstrated with his Secretary of War. Taft
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would be chosen. Taft resigned as chief justice on February 3, 1930. Returning to Washington after his resignation, Taft had barely enough physical or emotional strength to sign a reply to a letter of tribute from the eight associate justices. He died at his home in Washington, D.C., on March 8,
7060:
scandal subpoenaed records from his brother, Mally, who refused to provide them, alleging Congress had no power to obtain documents from him. Van Devanter ruled for a unanimous court against him, finding that Congress had the authority to conduct investigations as an auxiliary to its legislative
6770:
Taft maintained a cordial relationship with Wilson. The former president privately criticized his successor on a number of issues, but made his views known publicly only on Philippine policy. Taft was appalled when, after Justice Lamar's death in January 1916, Wilson nominated Brandeis, whom the
6711:
With no pension or other compensation to expect from the government after leaving the White House, Taft contemplated a return to the practice of law, from which he had long been absent. Given that Taft had appointed many federal judges, including a majority of the Supreme Court, this would raise
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in Chicago decided in that manner. Taft had control of the party machinery, and it came as no surprise that he gained the bulk of the delegates decided at district or state conventions. Taft did not have a majority, but was likely to have one once southern delegations committed to him. Roosevelt
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Roosevelt, frustrated by his own relative inaction, showered Taft with advice, fearing that the electorate would not appreciate Taft's qualities, and that Bryan would win. Roosevelt's supporters spread rumors that the president was in effect running Taft's campaign. This annoyed Nellie Taft, who
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had the upper hand by 1900. MacArthur felt the commission was a nuisance, and their mission a quixotic attempt to impose self-government on a people unready for it. The general was forced to co-operate with Taft, as McKinley had given the commission control over the islands' military budget. The
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appointed him Collector of Internal Revenue for Ohio's First District, an area centered on Cincinnati. Taft refused to dismiss competent employees who were politically out of favor, and resigned effective in March 1883, writing to Arthur that he wished to begin private practice in Cincinnati. In
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Taft is remembered as the heaviest president; he was 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and his weight peaked at 335β340 pounds (152β154 kg) toward the end of his presidency, although by 1929 he weighed 244 pounds (111 kg). By the time Taft became chief justice in 1921, his
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to crown his career by being chief justice for six months before retiring. Taft felt, when he learned of this plan, that a short-term appointment would not serve the office well, and that once confirmed by the Senate, the memory of Day would grow dim. After Harding rejected Day's plan, Attorney
6354:
Taft announced in his inaugural address that he would not appoint African Americans to federal jobs, such as postmaster, where this would cause racial friction. This differed from Roosevelt, who would not remove or replace black officeholders with whom local whites would not deal. Termed Taft's
6213:
Although no general arbitration treaty was entered into, Taft's administration settled several disputes with Great Britain by peaceful means, often involving arbitration. These included a settlement of the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick, a long-running dispute over seal hunting in the
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and McKinley. Lurie catalogued progressive innovations that took place under Taft, and argued that historians have overlooked them because Taft was not an effective political writer or speaker. According to Gould, "the clichΓ©s about Taft's weight, his maladroitness in the White House, and his
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negotiating process. By then many Republicans were opposed to Taft and the president felt that lobbying too hard for the treaties might cause their defeat. He made some speeches supporting the treaties in October, but the Senate added amendments Taft could not accept, killing the agreements.
5667:
Taft's opponent in the general election was Bryan, the Democratic nominee for the third time in four presidential elections. As many of Roosevelt's reforms stemmed from proposals by Bryan, the Democrat argued that he was the true heir to Roosevelt's mantle. Corporate contributions to federal
5516:
Another colony lost by Spain in 1898 was Cuba, but as freedom for Cuba had been a major purpose of the war, it was not annexed by the U.S., but was, after a period of occupation, given independence in 1902. Election fraud and corruption followed, as did factional conflict. In September 1906,
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in December 1912 indicated that he was moving toward recognition once the republic was fully established, but by then he had been defeated for reelection and he did not follow through. Taft continued the policy against immigration from China and Japan as under Roosevelt. A revised treaty of
7357:
Lurie argued that Taft did not receive the public credit for his policies that he should have. Few trusts had been broken up under Roosevelt (although the lawsuits received much publicity). Taft, more quietly than his predecessor, filed many more cases than did Roosevelt, and rejected his
5189:, successful in business, supplemented Taft's government salary, allowing William and Nellie Taft and their family to live in comfort. Taft's duties involved hearing trials in the circuit, which included Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee, and participating with Supreme Court Justice
5941:, who urged Taft to say that the bill was not in accord with the party platform. Taft refused, angering them. Taft insisted that most imports from the Philippines be free of duty, and according to Anderson, showed effective leadership on a subject he was knowledgeable on and cared about.
6793:' executive committee, which occupied much of the former president's time. In August 1917, Wilson conferred military titles on executives of the Red Cross as a way to provide them with additional authority to use in carrying out their wartime responsibilities, and Taft was appointed a
4933:. In 1921, Harding appointed Taft chief justice, an office he had long sought. Chief Justice Taft was a conservative on business issues, and under him there were advances in individual rights. In poor health, he resigned in February 1930, and died the following month. He was buried at
5100:(1889) if only because it was used against him when he ran for president in 1908. The case involved bricklayers who refused to work for any firm that dealt with a company called Parker Brothers, with which they were in dispute. Taft ruled that the union's action amounted to a
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a tribute to the man he had appointed to the center seat and waited and worried if he would be White's successor. Despite widespread speculation that Taft would be the pick, Harding made no quick announcement. Taft was lobbying for himself behind the scenes, especially with
6279:
alleged that Roosevelt "had fostered monopoly, and had been duped by clever industrialists". Roosevelt was offended by the references to him and his administration in the pleadings, and felt that Taft could not evade command responsibility by saying he did not know of them.
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called on Taft and demanded to know his views. Taft and Roosevelt had agreed the party platform would take no position on the matter, and Nation left indignant, to allege that Taft was irreligious and against temperance. Taft, at Roosevelt's advice, ignored the issue.
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developed in 1894 and 1895, writing "I cannot find anybody in Washington who wants him". By March 1896, Taft realized that McKinley would likely be nominated, and was lukewarm in his support. He landed solidly in McKinley's camp after former Nebraska representative
5132:. When Taft arrived in Washington in February 1890, the office had been vacant for two months, with the work piling up. He worked to eliminate the backlog, while simultaneously educating himself on federal law and procedure he had not needed as an Ohio state judge.
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Lurton is still the oldest person to be made an associate justice. Lurie suggested that Taft, already beset by the tariff and conservation controversies, desired to perform an official act which gave him pleasure, especially since he thought Lurton deserved it.
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announced a presidential run as a Republican, and was backed by a convention of progressives. Roosevelt began to move into a position for a run in late 1911, writing that the tradition that presidents not run for a third term applied only to consecutive terms.
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5410:, to purchase the lands and to arrange the withdrawal of the Spanish priests, with Americans replacing them and training locals as clergy. Taft did not succeed in resolving these issues on his visit to Rome, but an agreement on both points was made in 1903.
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Taft sent a special message to Congress on the need for a revamped antitrust statute when it convened its regular session in December 1911, but it took no action. Another antitrust case that had political repercussions for Taft was that brought against the
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accord with Canada. Britain at that time still handled Canada's foreign relations, and Taft found the British and Canadian governments willing. Many in Canada opposed an accord, fearing the U.S. would dump it when it became inconvenient, as it had the 1854
6557:, in calling for "judicial recall", which would theoretically enable popular majorities to remove judges from office by referendum and, in some cases, reverse unpopular judicial decisions. This attack horrified Taft, who, though he privately agreed that
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treaties, and after the 1912 elections, Knox offered $ 10 million to the Colombians (later raised to $ 25 million). The Colombians felt the amount inadequate, and requested arbitration; the matter was not settled under the Taft administration.
6107:, the capital. The U.S. compelled Nicaragua to accept a loan, and sent officials to ensure it was repaid from government revenues. The country remained unstable, and after another coup in 1911 and more disturbances in 1912, Taft sent troops to begin the
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5501:. Legislation authorizing construction did not specify which government department would be responsible, and Roosevelt designated the Department of War. Taft journeyed to Panama in 1904, viewing the canal site and meeting with Panamanian officials. The
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Fuller's longevity was a source of frustration and some humor in the Roosevelt White House. Secretary Root originated a running joke that Fuller would be found alive and clinging to his seat on the Day of Judgment, and would then have to be shot. See
6374:, was a leader in the early 20th century of the favorable reappraisal of Catholicism's historic role. It tended to neutralize anti-Catholic sentiments, especially in the Far West where Protestantism was a weak force. In 1904 Taft gave a speech at the
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with only cases of major import decided by the justices. He and other Supreme Court members proposed legislation to make most of the Court's docket discretionary, with a case getting full consideration by the justices only if they granted a writ of
5011:, which he entered in 1874, the heavyset, jovial Taft was popular and an intramural heavyweight wrestling champion. One classmate said he succeeded through hard work rather than by being the smartest, and had integrity. He was elected a member of
6484:. The Commerce Court, created in 1910, stemmed from a Taft proposal for a specialized court to hear appeals from the Interstate Commerce Commission. There was considerable opposition to its establishment, which grew only when one of its judges,
6196:, whom Taft knew and disliked from his visits to Europe. White's ousting caused other career State Department employees to fear that their jobs might be lost to politics. Taft also wanted to replace the Roosevelt-appointed ambassador in London,
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6469:, the last person appointed to the Supreme Court who did not attend law school. Pitney had a stronger anti-labor record than Taft's other appointments, and was the only one to meet opposition, winning confirmation by a Senate vote of 50β26.
6378:. He praised the "enterprise, courage, and fidelity to duty that distinguished those heroes of Spain who braved the then frightful dangers of the deep to carry Christianity and European civilization into" the Philippines. In 1909 he praised
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As Roosevelt became more radical in his progressivism, Taft was hardened in his resolve to achieve re-nomination, as he was convinced that the progressives threatened the very foundation of the government. One blow to Taft was the loss of
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During the 1910 midterm election campaign, Roosevelt involved himself in New York politics. With donations and influence, Taft meanwhile tried to secure the election of Ohio's Republican gubernatorial nominee, former lieutenant governor
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in 1866, and farm and fisheries interests in the United States were also opposed. After talks with Canadian officials in January 1911, Taft had the agreement, which was not a treaty, introduced into Congress. It passed in late July. The
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and other decisions had been poorly decided, adamantly believed in the importance of judicial authority to constitutional government. His personal horror was shared by other prominent members of the nation's elite legal community, like
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in 1929, "I am older and slower and less acute and more confused. However, as long as things continue as they are, and I am able to answer to my place, I must stay on the court in order to prevent the Bolsheviki from getting control".
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6309:. Taft agreed with the need for conservation, but felt it should be accomplished by legislation rather than executive order. He did not retain Garfield, an Ohioan, as secretary, choosing instead a westerner, former Seattle mayor
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6355:"Southern Policy", this stance effectively invited white protests against black appointees. Taft followed through, removing most black office holders in the South, and made few appointments of African Americans in the North.
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expressed unwillingness to change his position, and threatened to resign; Roosevelt hastily dropped the matter. Taft returned to the islands in 1905, leading a delegation of congressmen, and again in 1907, to open the first
6346:, proved that the Wickersham report had been backdated, which Taft belatedly admitted. The BallingerβPinchot affair caused progressives and Roosevelt loyalists to feel that Taft had turned his back on Roosevelt's agenda.
5478:, who turned 75 in 1908. Taft believed Fuller likely to live many years. Roosevelt had indicated he was likely to appoint Taft if the opportunity came to fill the court's center seat, but some considered Attorney General
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laws, state and national legislation to regulate the of women and children, and complete publicity of campaign expenditure". According to John Murphy, "As Roosevelt began to move to the left, Taft veered to the right."
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5929:, had held hearings in late 1908, and sponsored the resulting draft legislation. On balance, the bill reduced tariffs slightly, but when it passed the House in April 1909 and reached the Senate, the chairman of the
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that Congress could not require the president to get Senate approval before removing an appointee. Taft noted that there is no restriction of the president's power to remove officials in the Constitution. Although
5430:, the incumbent, was willing to postpone his departure until 1904, allowing Taft time to wrap up his work in Manila. After consulting with his family, Taft agreed, and sailed for the United States in December 1903.
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6313:. Roosevelt was surprised at the replacement, believing that Taft had promised to keep Garfield, and this change was one of the events that caused Roosevelt to realize that Taft would choose different policies.
6900:. Taft drew the objections of three progressive Republicans and one southern Democrat. When he was sworn in on July 11, he became the first and to date only person to serve both as president and chief justice.
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dated two days previously. Pinchot was determined to dramatize the issue by forcing his own dismissal, which Taft tried to avoid, fearing that it might cause a break with Roosevelt (still overseas). Taft asked
7295:, for a rest, but by the end of January, he could barely speak and was hallucinating. Taft was afraid that Stone would be made chief justice; he did not resign until he had secured assurances from Hoover that
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7114:, a unanimous court held that Oregon could regulate private schools, but could not eliminate them. The outcome supported the right of parents to control the education of their children, but also, since the
6896:, who supported Taft's candidacy, urged him to fill the vacancy, and he named Taft on June 30, 1921. The Senate confirmed Taft the same day, 61β4, without any committee hearings and after a brief debate in
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predecessor's contention that there was such a thing as a "good" trust. This lack of flair marred Taft's presidency; according to Lurie, Taft "was boringβhonest, likable, but boring". Scott Bomboy for the
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5728:, where he irritated political advisors by spending more time on golf than strategy. After seeing a newspaper photo of Taft taking a large swing at a golf ball, Roosevelt warned him against candid shots.
4894:. In 1904, Roosevelt made him Secretary of War, and he became Roosevelt's hand-picked successor. Despite his personal ambition to become chief justice, Taft declined repeated offers of appointment to the
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5234:, the Cincinnati Law School, a post that required him to prepare and give two hour-long lectures each week. He was devoted to his law school, and was deeply committed to legal education, introducing the
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Vice President Sherman had been renominated at Chicago; seriously ill during the campaign, he died six days before the election, and was replaced on the ticket by the president of Columbia University,
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7087:, the Court, by a 6β2 vote with Taft in the majority, upheld Gitlow's conviction on criminal anarchy charges for advocating the overthrow of the government; his defense was freedom of speech. Justice
5422:, and Roosevelt desired that Taft fill it. Although this was Taft's professional goal, he refused as he felt his work as governor was not yet done. The following year, Roosevelt asked Taft to become
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protection under the constitution. Taft held that as Puerto Rico was not a territory designated for statehood, only such constitutional protections as Congress decreed would apply to its residents.
6971:. Congress had decreed a minimum wage for women in the District of Columbia. A 5β3 majority of the Supreme Court struck it down. Justice Sutherland wrote for the majority that the recently ratified
6136:, whom McKinley and Roosevelt had sent on several foreign missions. Knox did not listen to Calhoun on policy, and there were often conflicts. Taft and Knox tried unsuccessfully to extend John Hay's
5076:(where Cincinnati is located), and took office the following January. Taft served for a year as assistant prosecutor, trying his share of routine cases. He resigned in January 1882 after President
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health was starting to decline, and he carefully planned a fitness regimen, walking 3 miles (4.8 km) from his home to the Capitol each day. When he walked back, he would usually go by way of
6950:, with Taft writing the court's opinion for an 8β1 majority. He held that the tax was not intended to raise revenue, but rather was an attempt to regulate matters reserved to the states under the
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to the Versailles Treaty were necessary angered both sides, causing some Republicans to call him a Wilson supporter and a traitor to his party. The Senate refused to ratify the Versailles pact.
6543:, he accused the federal courts of undermining democracy, branding the suspect jurists "fossilized judges", and comparing their tendency to strike down progressive reform legislation to Justice
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6325:, investigated the Cunningham claims, and when Secretary Ballinger in 1909 approved them, Glavis broke governmental protocol by going outside the Interior Department to seek help from Pinchot.
6755:, which supported Taft and Bacon. The project went forward; Taft would dedicate the Lincoln Memorial as chief justice in 1922. In 1913, Taft was elected to a one-year term as president of the
6271:(U.S. Steel). That company had been expanded under Roosevelt, who had supported its acquisition of the Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company as a means of preventing the deepening of the
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that left her paralysed in one arm and one leg and deprived her of the power of speech. Taft spent several hours each day looking after her and teaching her to speak again, which took a year.
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Taft exercised the power of his position to influence the decisions of his colleagues, urging unanimity and discouraging dissents. Alpheus Mason, in his article on Chief Justice Taft for the
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full-time. Halstead was willing to take him on permanently at an increased salary if he would give up the law, but Taft declined. In October 1880, Taft was appointed assistant prosecutor for
6637:, one of the last links between the previous and present presidents, as Butt had formerly served Roosevelt. Ambivalent between his loyalties, Butt went to Europe on vacation; he died in the
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6820:, Taft expressed public support. He was the leader of his party's activist wing, and was opposed by a small group of senators who vigorously opposed the League. Taft's flip-flop on whether
5471:, disliked the growing closeness between the two men, feeling that they were too much alike and that the president did not gain much from the advice of someone who rarely contradicted him.
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6088:, two citizens were killed and almost a dozen injured, some as a result of gunfire across the border. Taft was against an aggressive response and so instructed the territorial governor.
5344:, who was designated only as commander of American forces. As Governor-General, Taft oversaw the final months of the primary phase of the PhilippineβAmerican War. He approved of General
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Commission while still in office; when Democrats proposed removing him for one of their party, he quipped that unlike losing the presidency, such a removal would hurt. The architect,
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6975:, guaranteeing women the vote, meant that the sexes were equal when it came to bargaining power over working conditions; Taft, in dissent, deemed this unrealistic. Taft's dissent in
6267:, initiated under Roosevelt, were decided in favor of the government by the Supreme Court in 1911. In June 1911, the Democrat-controlled House of Representatives began hearings into
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Between 1905 and 1907, Taft came to terms with the likelihood he would be the next Republican nominee for president, though he did not plan to actively campaign for it. When Justice
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William Taft was not seen as brilliant as a child, but was a hard worker; his demanding parents pushed him and his four brothers toward success, tolerating nothing less. He attended
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Secretary Root's record. "Marked severities" in Philippine warfare. An analysis of the law and facts bearing on the action and utterances of President Roosevelt and Secretary Root
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never trusted the Roosevelts. Nevertheless, Roosevelt supported the Republican nominee with such enthusiasm that humorists suggested "TAFT" stood for "Take advice from Theodore".
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in Chicago in June, and gained a first-ballot victory. Yet Taft did not have things his own way: he had hoped his running mate would be a midwestern progressive like Iowa Senator
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in September 1901, and was succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt. Taft and Roosevelt had first become friends around 1890 while Taft was Solicitor General and Roosevelt a member of the
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Roosevelt had served almost three and a half years of McKinley's term. On the night of his own election in 1904, Roosevelt publicly declared that he would not run for reelection
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to the curriculum. As a federal judge, Taft could not involve himself with politics, but followed it closely, remaining a Republican supporter. He watched with some disbelief as
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There was broad agreement between Taft and Knox on major foreign policy goals; the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs, and would use force if necessary to enforce the
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A supporter of free immigration, Taft vetoed a bill passed by Congress and supported by labor unions that would have restricted unskilled laborers by imposing a literacy test.
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while the National Guard served on active duty. When Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany in April 1917, Taft was an enthusiastic supporter; he was chairman of the
6582:. The Republicans suffered losses in the 1910 elections as the Democrats took control of the House and slashed the Republican majority in the Senate. In New Jersey, Democrat
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In January 1900, Taft was called to Washington to meet with McKinley. Taft hoped a Supreme Court appointment was in the works, but instead McKinley wanted to place Taft on
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Roosevelt gave a series of speeches in the West in the late summer and early fall of 1910 in which he severely criticized the nation's judiciary. He not only attacked the
5267:, a policy that Taft saw as economic radicalism. Taft feared that people would hoard gold in anticipation of a Bryan victory, but he could do nothing but worry. McKinley
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noted that this was "not so much on the basis of his opinions, perhaps because many of them ran counter to the ultimate sweep of history". A successor as chief justice,
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5629:. The resulting coverage of the presidential message relegated Hughes to the back pages. Roosevelt reluctantly deterred repeated attempts to draft him for another term.
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questions of conflict of interest at every federal court appearance and he was saved from this by an offer for him to become Kent Professor of Law and Legal History at
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6944:. Congress thereafter attempted to end child labor by imposing a tax on certain corporations making use of it. That law was overturned by the Supreme Court in 1922 in
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in his father's office; both activities gave him practical knowledge of the law that was not taught in class. Shortly before graduating from law school, Taft went to
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4878:, of which his father was a founding member. After becoming a lawyer, Taft was appointed a judge while still in his twenties. He continued a rapid rise, being named
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that also involved Japan, and a similar disagreement regarding fishing off Newfoundland. The sealing convention remained in force until abrogated by Japan in 1940.
6099:. Nicaragua was in debt to foreign powers, and the U.S. was unwilling to let an alternate canal route fall into the hands of Europeans. Zelaya's elected successor,
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and three times a major contender for the Republican nomination for president. A conservative, each time he was defeated by a candidate backed by the more liberal
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6751:, wanted to use Colorado-Yule marble, while southern Democrats urged using Georgia marble. Taft lobbied for the western stone, and the matter was submitted to the
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at official events, and treated the Filipinos as social equals. Nellie Taft recalled that "neither politics nor race should influence our hospitality in any way".
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From the 1890s until his death, Taft played a major role in the international legal community. He was active in many organizations, was a leader in the worldwide
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5724:(RNC), placing him in charge of the presidential campaign. Hitchcock was quick to bring in men closely allied with big business. Taft took an August vacation in
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as a dietary advisor. The two men corresponded regularly for over twenty years, and Taft kept a daily record of his weight, food intake, and physical activity.
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arbitration treaties with Great Britain and France, but the Senate was not willing to yield to arbitrators its constitutional prerogative to approve treaties.
5564:. It contained nothing new but instead reaffirmed official positions: Japan had no intention to invade the Philippines, and the U.S. that it did not object to
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Searches run from page, "select research categories" then check "court type" and "nominating president", then select the court type and also William H. Taft.
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1912, Taft had written that "I must wait for years if I would be vindicated by the people ... I am content to wait." Perhaps he has waited long enough.
6048:. There were a number of incidents in which Mexican rebels crossed the U.S. border to obtain horses and weapons; Taft sought to prevent this by ordering the
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With the death of Justice Harlan in October 1911, Taft got to fill a sixth seat on the Supreme Court. After Secretary Knox declined appointment, Taft named
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in January 1904, he was not called upon to spend much time administering the army, which the president was content to do himselfβRoosevelt wanted Taft as a
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Taft was convinced history would vindicate him. After he left office, he was estimated to be in the middle of U.S. presidents by greatness, and subsequent
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a seat on the Supreme Court and was waiting in the expectation that another place would become vacant. Harding was also considering a proposal by Justice
5395:. They met again when Taft went to Washington in January 1902 to recuperate after two operations caused by an infection. There, Taft testified before the
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7218:. To Taft's frustration, Congress took three years to consider the matter. Taft and other members of the Court lobbied for the bill in Congress, and the
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was immediately controversial. According to Coletta, "Taft had lost the initiative, and the wounds inflicted in the acrid tariff debate never healed".
5568:. There were U.S. concerns about the number of Japanese laborers coming to the American West Coast, and during Taft's second visit, in September 1907,
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Collin, Richard H. "Symbiosis versus Hegemony: New Directions in the Foreign Relations Historiography of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft."
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Although Taft was successful as Solicitor General, winning 15 of the 18 cases he argued before the Supreme Court, he was glad when in March 1891, the
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7132:. Lanza committed acts allegedly in violation of both state and federal law, and was first convicted in Washington state court, then prosecuted in
5953:, Taft won some victories, such as limiting the tax on lumber. The conference report passed both houses, and Taft signed it on August 6, 1909. The
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on East Asia more than European affairs and repeatedly intervened to prop up or remove Latin American governments. Taft sought reductions to trade
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6206:, had backed Taft during the campaign, and both William and Nellie Taft enjoyed his gossipy reports. Reid remained in place until his 1912 death.
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6064:, the first meeting between a U.S. and a Mexican president and also the first time an American president visited Mexico. The day of the summit,
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Burns, Adam David. "Imperial vision: William Howard Taft and the Philippines, 1900β1921.". (PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh, 2010)
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Rouse, Robert (March 15, 2006). "Happy Anniversary to the first scheduled presidential press conference β 93 years young!". American Chronicle.
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6593:, much to Taft's dismay. Roosevelt attacked his successor's administration, arguing that its guiding principles were not those of the party of
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6954:, and that allowing such taxation would eliminate the power of the states. One case in which Taft and his court upheld federal regulation was
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Taft began the campaign on the wrong foot, fueling the arguments of those who said he was not his own man by traveling to Roosevelt's home at
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for corruption and removed by the Senate the following January. Taft vetoed a bill to abolish the court, but the respite was short-lived as
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of Wyoming, a federal appeals judge. By the time Taft nominated White and Van Devanter in December 1910, he had another seat to fill due to
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Ponder, Stephen. "'Nonpublicity' and the Unmaking of a President: William Howard Taft and the Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy of 1909β1910."
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had been responsible for. On September 13, 1909, Taft dismissed Glavis from government service, relying on a report from Attorney General
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resigned in 1906, Taft would not accept the seat although Roosevelt offered it, a position Taft held to when another seat opened in 1906.
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6056:, that "I am going to sit on the lid and it will take a great deal to pry me off". He showed his support for DΓaz by meeting with him at
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recalled that Taft came often to see Roosevelt during the campaign, but seldom between the election and Inauguration Day, March 4, 1909.
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7379:-like figure, with a narrow view of the presidency that made him unwilling to act for the public good. Anderson noted that Roosevelt's
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became the new prime minister. No cross-border agreement was concluded, and the debate deepened divisions within the Republican Party.
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ran, but when he made a major policy speech, Roosevelt the same day sent a special message to Congress warning in strong terms against
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toward Latin America, believing U.S. investment would benefit all involved, while diminishing European influence in regions where the
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5399:. Taft wanted Filipino farmers to have a stake in the new government through land ownership, but much of the arable land was held by
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Murphy, John (1995). "'Back to the Constitution': Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Republican Party Division 1910β1912".
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in the White House bathtub", a story that is not true. Taft similarly remains known for another physical characteristicβas the last
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11778:
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6505:
6489:
6095:, wanted to revoke commercial concessions granted to American companies, and American diplomats quietly favored rebel forces under
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was upheld unanimously by the high court. Taft's opinion, in which he held that a pipe manufacturers' association had violated the
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1110:
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21970:
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in the Americas. The defense of the Panama Canal, which was under construction throughout Taft's term (it opened in 1914), guided
5521:
asked for U.S. intervention. Taft traveled to Cuba with a small American force, and on September 29, 1906, under the terms of the
5418:
In late 1902, Taft had heard from Roosevelt that a seat on the Supreme Court would soon fall vacant on the resignation of Justice
4929:
After leaving office, Taft returned to Yale as a professor, continuing his political activity and working against war through the
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15031:
14531:
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14468:
13891:
13829:
13189:
12866:
11920:
Delahaye, Claire. "The New Nationalism and Progressive Issues: The Break with Taft and the 1912 Campaign", in Serge Ricard, ed.,
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Coletta, Paolo E. "The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft", in Gerald K. Haines and J. Samuel Walker, eds.,
11244:
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resigned from his office in February 1908 to lead the Taft effort. In April, Taft made a speaking tour, traveling as far west as
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5615:
5024:
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4844:
4489:
4177:
3256:
2253:
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Rooney, William H., and Timothy G. Fleming. "William Howard Taft, the Origin of the Rule of Reason, and the Actavis Challenge."
12477:
Post, Robert. "Judicial Management and Judicial Disinterest: The Achievements and Perils of Chief Justice William Howard Taft."
6553:(1857). To ensure that the constitution served the public interest, Roosevelt joined other progressives, including the Democrat
5603:, taken just after a formal portrait session, as Taft learned in a telephone call from Roosevelt of his nomination for president
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During the 1920 election campaign, Taft supported the Republican ticketβHarding (by then a senator) and Massachusetts Governor
5964:
Newton McConnell cartoon showing Canadian suspicions that Taft and others were only interested in Canada when it was prosperous
5802:
5743:
Bryan urged a system of bank guarantees, so that depositors could be repaid if banks failed, but Taft opposed this, offering a
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1173:
437:
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retired his replacement would be chosen by President Herbert Hoover, whom he considered too progressive, he wrote his brother
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20219:
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had prepared plans for the building, and was hired by the government as architect. Taft had hoped to see the Court move into
6923:
jurisprudence. This had the practical effect of making it difficult for the federal government to regulate industry, and the
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1065:
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844:
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11392:
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was a 1925 decision by the Taft Court striking down an Oregon law banning private schools. In a decision written by Justice
5801:
Soon after the Republican convention, Taft and Roosevelt had discussed which cabinet officers would stay on. Taft kept only
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be owned by the government, but Taft preferred that they remain in the private sector, with their maximum rates set by the
5290:
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4137:
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3035:
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1639:
1183:
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13015:
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Pavord, Andrew C. (Summer 1996). "The Gamble for Power: Theodore Roosevelt's Decision to Run for the Presidency in 1912".
8044:
4901:
With Roosevelt's help, Taft had little opposition for the Republican nomination for president in 1908 and easily defeated
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was rare both because he authored few dissents, and because it was one of the few times he took an expansive view of the
6804:, tasked with assuring good relations between industry owners and their workers. In February 1918, the new RNC chairman,
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6439:'s death on March 28, 1910, gave Taft a second opportunity to fill a seat on the high court; he chose New York Governor
6399:
4937:, the first president and first Supreme Court justice to be interred there. Taft is generally listed near the middle in
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of New York, a conservative. Taft resigned as Secretary of War on June 30 to devote himself full-time to the campaign.
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of mostly Spanish priests, which were often resented by the Filipinos. Roosevelt had Taft go to Rome to negotiate with
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Crowe, Justin. "The forging of judicial autonomy: Political entrepreneurship and the reforms of William Howard Taft."
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12431:
Fish, Peter G. "William Howard Taft and Charles Evans Hughes: Conservative Politicians as Chief Judicial Reformers."
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Taft continued and expanded Roosevelt's efforts to break up business combinations through lawsuits brought under the
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Alphonso Taft died in 1891 in California, retired because of illness contracted during his diplomatic postings. See
5704:) was needed to allow flexibility in the government's response to poor economic times, that specific legislation on
5185:
was a lifetime appointment, and one from which promotion to the Supreme Court might come. Taft's older half-brother
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14172:
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11308:
7192:
7144:. Taft, for a unanimous court, allowed the second prosecution, holding that the state and federal governments were
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4066:
3182:
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546:
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8422:
6570:, and solidified in Taft's mind that Roosevelt must not be permitted to regain the presidency, whatever the cost.
6301:
Roosevelt was an ardent conservationist, assisted in this by like-minded appointees, including Interior Secretary
22417:
20234:
20148:
20113:
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14002:
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13357:
13020:
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12523:
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6284:
5902:
5468:
5384:
4555:
4162:
3949:
3192:
1200:
17:
13113:
12013:
Hahn, Harlan. "The Republican Party Convention of 1912 and the Role of Herbert S. Hadley in National Politics."
6601:. The feud continued on and off through 1911, a year in which there were few elections of significance. Senator
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became law in February 1925. By late the following year, Taft was able to show that the backlog was shrinking.
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5991:
5926:
5689:
5541:
5448:
5336:
commission took executive power in the Philippines on September 1, 1900; on July 4, 1901, Taft became civilian
5166:
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4985:
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4093:
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1319:
208:
82:
11925:
11343:
11270:"Biography of William Howard Taft, President of the United States and Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court"
6427:
in October 1909 gave Taft his first opportunity. He chose an old friend and colleague from the Sixth Circuit,
2695:
22432:
21962:
21617:
21142:
20780:
20519:
20193:
20153:
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20138:
20118:
20063:
20038:
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19030:
18964:
17999:
16472:
14262:
14242:
14212:
14072:
14052:
13797:
13349:
12960:
7331:
7323:
7312:
7259:
7040:
6794:
6781:
In March 1917, Taft demonstrated public support for the war effort by joining the Connecticut State Guard, a
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31:
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was so closely tied to interstate commerce as to bring it within the ambit of Congress's power to regulate.
6237:
22517:
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21990:
21558:
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20289:
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19072:
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18970:
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17727:
14342:
14222:
14192:
14082:
14062:
13982:
13393:
12950:
12820:
10175:
8017:
7530:
in 1967, a vacancy in the office of vice president was not filled until the next election and inauguration.
7390:
The first postage issue for Taft, a 4-cent stamp, was issued in 1930, the second, a 50-cent stamp, in 1938.
7359:
7106:
7074:
6477:
5890:
5490:
5474:
Alternatively, Taft wanted to be chief justice, and kept a close eye on the health of the aging incumbent,
4811:(September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 27th
4506:
4076:
3487:
1153:
866:
12725:
12720:
Extensive essay on William Howard Taft and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and the First Lady
11053:
7157:, Taft wrote for a unanimous Court that included liberals Holmes, Brandeis and Stone. The ruling held the
7056:. A congressional committee investigating possible complicity of former Attorney General Daugherty in the
6965:
A case in which the Taft Court struck down regulation that generated a dissent from the chief justice was
6476:. He also appointed judges to various specialized courts, including the first five appointees each to the
6103:, could not put down the rebellion as U.S. forces interfered, and in August 1910, the Estrada forces took
21452:
20987:
20401:
20316:
20270:
20098:
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19060:
19048:
18956:
16892:
15607:
14609:
14312:
14282:
14022:
13952:
13884:
12990:
10215:"The Transformation of American Democracy: Teddy Roosevelt, the 1912 Election, and the Progressive Party"
7351:
7327:
7032:
6317:
the Roosevelt administration, including during the year (1907β1908) when Ballinger served as head of the
6076:
only a few feet from the two presidents. Before the election in Mexico, DΓaz jailed opposition candidate
5426:. As the War Department administered the Philippines, Taft would remain responsible for the islands, and
5328:
5182:
4934:
4922:
4599:
4570:
4329:
4319:
4304:
4292:
4142:
4061:
3459:
2929:
881:
536:
362:
12105:
Korzi, Michael J., "William Howard Taft, the 1908 Election, and the Future of the American Presidency",
11824:
11820:
7091:
wrote the Court's opinion, and both majority and minority (Holmes, joined by Brandeis) assumed that the
6061:
5529:. In his time in Cuba, Taft worked to persuade Cubans that the U.S. intended stability, not occupation.
5525:, declared himself Provisional Governor of Cuba, a post he held for two weeks before being succeeded by
5173:, based in Cincinnati. In March 1892, Taft resigned as Solicitor General to resume his judicial career.
5092:
In 1887, Taft, then aged 29, was appointed to a vacancy on the Superior Court of Cincinnati by Governor
22219:
21910:
21678:
21406:
21000:
20555:
20540:
20321:
20158:
19078:
14362:
14352:
14332:
14302:
14112:
13962:
13842:
13108:
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felt that most blacks should be trained for industrial work, with only a few seeking higher education;
6259:, bringing 70 cases in four years (Roosevelt had brought 40 in seven years). Suits brought against the
6160:
5561:
4582:
4389:
4277:
4125:
4039:
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3564:
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3266:
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3124:
3030:
1100:
1050:
17719:
14032:
12631:
6935:βsometimes protested, believing orderly progress essential, but often joined in the majority opinion.
6358:
At the time Taft was inaugurated, the way forward for African Americans was debated by their leaders.
5816:, who had served under McKinley and Roosevelt as Attorney General, as the new Secretary of State, and
22342:
20705:
20459:
20163:
20128:
20083:
20073:
20058:
20048:
20013:
19978:
19054:
18055:
17931:
17128:
16457:
16421:
16182:
15805:
14292:
12970:
12965:
12409:
Anderson, Donald F. (Winter 2000). "Building National Consensus: The Career of William Howard Taft".
12002:"Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Disputed Delegates in 1912: Texas as a Test Case."
7292:
7145:
6928:
6459:, whom he had met while playing golf, and had subsequently learned had a good reputation as a judge.
6065:
5809:
5565:
5544:, Taft went to Japan, and met with officials there. The meeting in July 1905 came a month before the
5502:
5271:; when a place on the Supreme Court opened in 1898, the only one under McKinley, the president named
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3445:
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3197:
3114:
2895:
2715:
2486:
1589:
1339:
1329:
871:
12083:"Bench over Ballot: The Fight for Judicial Supremacy and the New Constitutional Politics, 1910β1916"
11210:
9898:"Bench over Ballot: The Fight for Judicial Supremacy and the New Constitutional Politics, 1910β1916"
8077:
5858:
20224:
20198:
20173:
20078:
20023:
20018:
19998:
19963:
19953:
17968:
17888:
17060:
16862:
16465:
16217:
16187:
15905:
15900:
15765:
15760:
15707:
15702:
15612:
15592:
15532:
14012:
13932:
13042:
9843:
7326:. On March 11, he became the first president and first member of the Supreme Court to be buried at
7005:
involved a Puerto Rico newspaper publisher who was prosecuted for libel but denied a jury trial, a
6756:
6463:
6375:
6264:
5930:
5700:, to stock speculation and other abuses, and felt some reform of the currency (the U.S. was on the
5482:
a better candidate. In any event, Fuller remained chief justice throughout Roosevelt's presidency.
4819:, serving from 1921 to 1930, the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president
4781:
4565:
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2917:
2815:
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1882:
1244:
1234:
1105:
1070:
656:
12563:
Taft, William Howard. "The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Under the Act of February 13, 1925."
12545:
Starr, Kenneth W. "The Supreme Court and Its Shrinking Docket: The Ghost of William Howard Taft."
11595:
6382:
as an "apostle, legislator, builder" who advanced "the beginning of civilization in California."
21985:
20133:
20088:
20028:
20003:
19958:
19725:
19620:
17635:
17312:
17300:
16994:
16988:
16886:
16197:
15815:
15482:
15317:
14372:
13497:
13267:
13118:
10222:
6865:
6775:
6752:
5205:
Taft's decision for a worker injured in a railway accident violated the contemporary doctrine of
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4720:
4656:
4354:
4314:
4172:
4044:
3501:
3386:
3212:
2725:
2025:
1354:
1158:
1138:
429:
17488:
15186:
12703:
11836:
Coletta, Paolo E. "The Election of 1908" in Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. and Fred L Israel, eds.,
11810:
6624:
5747:
system instead. The issue of prohibition of alcohol entered the campaign when in mid-September,
5331:, as Filipinos fought for their independence, but U.S. forces, led by military governor General
22163:
22126:
22026:
21860:
21456:
21319:
20991:
20938:
20686:
20311:
20043:
20008:
19600:
19570:
18368:
18005:
17683:
17623:
17374:
17306:
17178:
16856:
16646:
16375:
16262:
16095:
15915:
15820:
15642:
15201:
14841:
14801:
14691:
13998:
13877:
13261:
12263:
12175:
7442:
7335:
7137:
7133:
7022:
6700:
6638:
6554:
6549:
6302:
6193:
6040:
When Taft entered office, Mexico was increasingly restless under the grip of longtime dictator
5248:
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4902:
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4257:
4225:
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3218:
3172:
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2198:
2133:
2045:
1474:
1349:
1344:
1271:
1249:
1224:
598:
13674:
12748:
12146:
Minger, Ralph Eldin (August 1961). "Taft's Missions to Japan: A Study in Personal Diplomacy".
8477:
The Philippines Reader: A History of Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Dictatorship, and Resistance
7300:
1930, at age 72, likely of heart disease, inflammation of the liver, and high blood pressure.
6843:
5518:
292:
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21341:
20889:
20548:
20396:
20168:
20123:
18608:
17452:
17202:
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17024:
17012:
16934:
16642:
16381:
15785:
15622:
15572:
15362:
15337:
15327:
14228:
13703:
13635:
13573:
13507:
13065:
12303:
Schambra, William. "The Election of 1912 and the Origins of Constitutional Conservatism." in
11637:
11603:
11135:
11081:"Weighting for Health: Management, Measurement and Self-surveillance in the Modern Household"
7860:
7665:
Hughes was 67 when he began his second period on the court, as chief justice succeeding Taft.
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3466:
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2924:
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2785:
2745:
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2526:
1401:
1296:
1080:
1075:
313:
188:
11841:
8501:
Storey, Moorfield; Codman, Julian; YA Pamphlet Collection (Library of Congress) DLC (1902).
8500:
7709:
Taft's eight electoral votes set a record for futility by a Republican candidate matched by
7691:
The "Bull Moose Party", named by Roosevelt's comment he felt as strong as a young bull moose
7581:
498 (1900). Only Justice Harlan dissented from the opinion for the Court written by Justice
6938:
The White Court had, in 1918, struck down an attempt by Congress to regulate child labor in
6092:
5812:(who was transferred to the Navy Department). Others appointed to the Taft cabinet included
1035:
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The bully pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of journalism
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Taft has been rated among the greatest of the chief justices; later Supreme Court Justice
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Schultz, L. Peter. "William Howard Taft: A constitutionalist's view of the presidency."
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appointed Taft to be chief justice, a position he held until a month before his death.
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Mason, Alpheus Thomas (January 1969). "President by Chance, Chief Justice by Choice".
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involved the removal of a postmaster, Taft in his opinion found invalid the repealed
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later Congress appropriated money to purchase the land, to the east of the Capitol.
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Post, Robert C. "Chief Justice William Howard Taft and the concept of federalism."
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have largely sustained that verdict. Coletta noted that this places Taft alongside
7169:. This allowed states to extend segregation in public schools to Chinese students.
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6338:(by then a senator) to look into the matter, and Root urged the firing of Pinchot.
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through the use of tariffs was a fundamental position of the Republican Party. The
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Starr, Kenneth W. "William Howard Taft: The Chief Justice as Judicial Architect."
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Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics
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During the war, Taft took leave from Yale in order to serve as co-chairman of the
6759:(ABA), a trade group of lawyers. He removed opponents, such as Louis Brandeis and
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5023:) to be a member. In 1878, Taft graduated second in his class of 121. He attended
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Vice President Sherman died in office. As this was prior to the adoption of the
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Alleging Taft had stolen the nomination, Roosevelt and his followers formed the
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1884, Taft campaigned for the Republican candidate for president, Maine Senator
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Chief Executive to Chief Justice:Taft Betwixt the White House and Supreme Court
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Present Day Problems: A Collection of Addresses Delivered on Various Occasions
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Hindman, E. James. "The General Arbitration Treaties of William Howard Taft."
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drafted but had been unable to complete because of his illness. Taft went to
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to view the facts on the ground. Taft considered Roosevelt's minister there,
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had deadlocked over the issue. Canadians turned Laurier out of office in the
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5383:. Taft had, after McKinley's election, urged the appointment of Roosevelt as
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59.4 (1965): 407β423. Taft was willing to compromise with Missouri Governor
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In 1898, an American company had gained a concession for a railroad between
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John P. Campbell, "Taft, Roosevelt, and the Arbitration Treaties of 1911."
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Speech: "The Farmer and the Republican Party", Kansas City, Missouri, 1908
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6808:, approached Taft seeking his reconciliation with Roosevelt. While at the
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Negroes both North and South began to drift toward the Democratic party."
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8014:"10 birthday facts about President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft"
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The U.S. Supreme Court in 1925. Taft is seated in the bottom row, middle.
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After the election, Roosevelt continued to promote progressive ideals, a
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a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
12470:
12340:
Solvick, Stanley D. "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff."
12334:
12244:
12219:
Noyes, John E. "William Howard Taft and the Taft Arbitration Treaties."
12212:
12074:
12007:
11890:
11752:
11739:
Anderson, Donald F. (Winter 1982). "The Legacy of William Howard Taft".
10750:. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. pp. 96β98.
8337:
John E. Noyes, "William Howard Taft and the Taft Arbitration Treaties."
6012:
Taft and his Secretary of State, Philander Knox, instituted a policy of
22269:
21975:
21850:
21840:
21625:
20899:
19765:
19735:
19695:
19580:
19269:
19263:
19233:
18908:
18888:
18768:
18748:
18488:
18484:
17845:
17820:
17780:
17749:
17336:
17234:
16662:
16302:
16030:
15870:
15855:
15770:
15587:
15457:
15322:
15257:
15087:
14929:
14721:
14663:
14633:
14599:
14008:
13928:
13647:
12796:
12345:
12167:
10748:
The Supreme Court and Puerto Rico: The Doctrine of Separate and Unequal
9683:
Booker T. Washington : Volume 2: The Wizard Of Tuskegee, 1901β1915
8419:
7710:
7643:
In one of which Secretary Knox was said to be a major stockholder. See
7214:
6927:
also scuttled many state laws. The few liberals on the courtβBrandeis,
6924:
6833:
6655:
Roosevelt dominated the primaries, winning 278 of the 362 delegates to
6598:
6563:
6472:
Taft appointed 13 judges to the federal courts of appeal and 38 to the
6335:
6215:
5973:
5757:
5731:
5675:
5621:, tested the waters for a run but chose to stay out. New York Governor
5427:
5340:. MacArthur, until then the military governor, was relieved by General
5305:
4965:
4855:
4103:
3640:
2997:
2571:
2506:
2268:
2238:
2178:
2113:
1877:
1772:
1762:
1722:
1379:
508:
239:
16487:
14574:
Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States
12812:
12599:
12140:
Bureaucracy Convicts Itself: The Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy of 1910
11817:
Taft and Roosevelt: The Intimate Letters of Archie Butt, Military Aide
11771:
11596:"Chapter 1: The Property: Its Development and Historical Associations"
6672:
5720:
Taft upset some progressives by choosing Hitchcock as Chairman of the
5456:
you guaranteed the office. It is awful to be afraid of one's shadow."
22018:
21918:
21882:
19472:
18868:
18788:
17042:
16518:
16312:
14368:
13279:
12955:
11897:
11766:
Ballard, Rene N. "The Administrative Theory of William Howard Taft."
11600:
William Howard Taft National Historic Site: An Administrative History
6877:
6687:
6141:
5433:
5065:
3796:
3087:
2586:
2441:
1912:
1867:
1704:
1396:
1301:
1060:
22264:
12781:
12159:
12027:
The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906β1920
9730:
Katherine D. Moran, "Catholicism and the Making of the US Pacific."
7620:, would also become a general and famously fight in the Philippines.
6883:
It later emerged that Harding had also promised former Utah senator
5785:
21845:
20529:
19750:
19257:
18928:
18784:
18688:
18067:
17774:
16514:
15067:
14909:
12785:
12591:
11060:
9427:
9391:
7307:
the body of former President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft
6525:
magazine cover: Roosevelt departs, entrusting his policies to Taft.
5353:
5144:
5039:. Taft was assigned to cover the local courts, and also spent time
4646:
4628:
3907:
3838:
3824:
3810:
3782:
3635:
2431:
2328:
2298:
1947:
1872:
1777:
22373:
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
12750:"Growing into Public Service: William Howard Taft's Boyhood Home",
12609:
Conservatives in the Progressive Era: The Taft Republicans of 1912
11720:
William Howard Taft: A Conservative's Conception of the Presidency
11181:
11179:
8364:
World Peace Through Law. Replacing War with the Global Rule of Law
6958:. Taft ruled for a 7β1 majority that the processing of animals in
17518:
15216:
15077:
11500:
Scott Specialized Catologue of U.S. Stamps, 2024, pp. 90, 108β109
11407:
9463:
9367:
8729:
7258:
Taft followed a weight loss program and hired the British doctor
6959:
6455:'s retirement because of illness; he named a Louisiana Democrat,
6152:
6125:
6104:
6049:
5960:
4512:
3932:
3845:
3761:
10635:
10610:
10608:
9867:
9865:
7774:
258 U.S. 495 (1922) Justice Day did not participate and Justice
6052:
to the border areas for maneuvers. Taft told his military aide,
5836:
Early in Taft's term, in May 1909, his wife Nellie had a severe
5643:
before being recalled to straighten out a contested election in
5505:
had trouble keeping a chief engineer, and when in February 1907
12736:
11301:"Supreme Court at Arlington: Justices are Chummy Even in Death"
11176:
10896:
9516:
9514:
9355:
6919:
The Supreme Court under Taft compiled a conservative record in
6861:; they were elected. Taft was among those asked to come to the
5837:
5644:
5294:
4914:
4446:
11472:
11470:
11164:
11078:
10983:
9586:
9135:
9133:
7700:
Sherman was the last American vice president to die in office.
6813:
fact all my life. I loved him always and cherish his memory."
5509:
submitted his resignation, Taft recommended an army engineer,
11191:
10971:
10935:
10827:
10605:
10404:
10368:
10305:
10269:
10245:
10011:
9862:
9797:
9661:
9637:
9603:
9601:
9574:
9379:
9241:
9229:
9193:
9118:
6691:
Electoral vote by state, 1912. States won by Taft are in red.
6021:
collapse of the Mexican regime and subsequent turmoil of the
4436:
11503:
11455:
10625:
10623:
10356:
9987:
9963:
9550:
9511:
9499:
9487:
9451:
9439:
9403:
9343:
9319:
9258:
9256:
9217:
9145:
9035:
8999:
8951:
8927:
8869:
8867:
8840:
8804:
8792:
8693:
8681:
8669:
8609:
8597:
8431:
8319:
8244:
8220:
8208:
6132:, as uninterested in the China trade, and replaced him with
6124:
Knox did not agree, and declined a suggestion that he go to
22383:
United States federal judges appointed by Warren G. Harding
22378:
United States federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison
21720:
Unknown Soldiers for World War II and the Korean War (1958)
13861:
12029:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press.
11467:
10322:
10320:
10281:
9130:
8309:
8307:
8172:
7102:
clauses were protected against infringement by the states.
6910:
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taft Court
6515:
6166:
After the revolution broke out, the revolt's leaders chose
4969:
22338:
Candidates in the 1912 United States presidential election
22333:
Candidates in the 1908 United States presidential election
21451:
20986:
12628:
12504:. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
12366:
ed. by David H. Burton and A. E. Campbell (Ohio UP, 2000).
12282:
vol 2 covers the presidency after 1910 & Supreme Court
11539:
10788:
10727:
10647:
10569:
10545:
10516:
9598:
9562:
9205:
8782:
8780:
8196:
8160:
8136:
8124:
8112:
7429:
The house in Cincinnati in which Taft was born is now the
6676:
Campaign advertisement arguing Taft deserved a second term
6499:
4984:
was not wealthy, living in a modest home in the suburb of
12133:
TR and Will: A Friendship That Split the Republican Party
11939:
Reciprocity, 1911: A Study in Canadian-American Relations
11575:
11211:"William Taft: Life After the Presidency | Miller Center"
10908:
10620:
10593:
10557:
10504:
10233:
10148:
9941:
9939:
9749:
9613:
9475:
9331:
9307:
9297:
9295:
9253:
9181:
9169:
8891:
8864:
7172:
6084:
that would continue for another ten years. In the U.S.'s
11563:
11482:
11443:
11431:
11419:
10454:
10392:
10380:
10344:
10317:
10082:"1912 Republican Convention: Return of the Rough Rider"
9415:
9011:
8828:
8705:
8585:
8549:
8537:
8304:
8280:
7739:
of Idaho and La Follette of Wisconsin. The Democrat was
6767:(a supporter of the Progressive Party) from committees.
4988:. Alphonso served as a judge and an ambassador, and was
12444:
The Chief Justiceship of William Howard Taft, 1921β1930
12227:
covers his career in international law and arbitration.
10293:
10219:
First Principles Series Report #43 on Political Thought
9737:
9712:
9649:
9106:
9094:
9082:
9070:
8975:
8963:
8903:
8777:
8621:
8507:. Harvard University. Boston, G.H. Ellis co., printers.
8352:
covers his career in international law and arbitration.
8043:
Jackson, Abby; Sterbenz, Christina (December 6, 2015).
7575:
Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway Co. v. Voight
7433:. Taft was one of the first Gold Medal Honorees of the
7234:, but it did not do so until 1935, after Taft's death.
7148:, each empowered to prosecute the conduct in question.
7035:, for violation of which his presidential predecessor,
5203:
Voight v. Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway Co.
5128:
would get it. Instead, in 1890, Harrison appointed him
4926:
and he took only Utah and Vermont in Wilson's victory.
22328:
Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees
12277:
The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography
12265:
The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography
12064:
Insurgency: Personalities and Politics of the Taft Era
11848:
American Foreign Relations: A Historiographical Review
11527:
11378:
One thousand beards: a cultural history of facial hair
11131:
Democracy's Big Day: The Inauguration of Our President
10995:
10959:
10664:
10662:
10581:
10194:
9975:
9951:
9936:
9292:
9280:
9268:
9047:
9023:
8987:
8852:
8765:
8741:
8474:
Schirmer, Daniel B.; Shalom, Stephen Rosskamm (1987).
8292:
7452:
Lurie concluded his account of William Taft's career:
7167:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
6415:
Taft made six appointments to the Supreme Court; only
5696:. Taft attributed blame for the recent recession, the
966:
22217:
12364:
Four Aspects of Civic Duty; and, Present Day Problems
11838:
History of American Presidential Elections: 1789β1968
11323:
10535:
10533:
10531:
10332:
10257:
10112:
10064:
10062:
10047:
9877:
9785:
9773:
9526:
8915:
8816:
8753:
7165:
from a whites-only public school did not violate the
4898:, believing his political work to be more important.
22448:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
16110:
13487:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
12387:. American Presidency. The Regents Press of Kansas.
12315:. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press.
10102:
10100:
9157:
8232:
7069:
In 1925, the Taft Court laid the groundwork for the
5513:. Under Goethals, the project moved ahead smoothly.
4964:
William Howard Taft was born September 15, 1857, in
385:
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
13899:
12297:
William Howard Taft: The American Presidents Series
10925:
10923:
10817:
10815:
10800:
10764:
10703:
10691:
10681:
10679:
10677:
10659:
8523:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
8045:"The 13 most powerful members of "Skull and Bones""
7722:
Sutherland was appointed to the high court in 1922.
7539:
1889 Ohio Misc. Lexis 119, 10 Ohio Dec. reprint 181
5599:One of a series of candid photographs known as the
839:
30:"William Taft" redirects here. For other uses, see
13025:
12502:A Constitutional History of the U.S. Supreme Court
11864:
11717:
11660:
11551:
10947:
10528:
10473:
10423:
10172:"Clearing Up the William Howard Taft Bathtub Myth"
10136:
10124:
10059:
10035:
9817:"Biographical Dictionary of the Federal Judiciary"
9059:
8645:
8573:
8443:
8268:
8256:
8184:
8148:
7954:
7859:Stone was made chief justice in 1941 by President
5668:political campaigns had been outlawed by the 1907
22408:Theodore Roosevelt administration cabinet members
21961:
17463:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States
12087:The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
12048:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
12025:Harris, Charles H. III; Sadler, Louis R. (2009).
11791:. Philadelphia: Saint Joseph's University Press.
11688:
11515:
11374:
10212:
10097:
10023:
9999:
9902:The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
9761:
9625:
9538:
8879:
8657:
7136:. He alleged the second prosecution violated the
6221:
5360:, and accepted the surrender of Filipino general
5054:
22323:Republican Party presidents of the United States
22289:
11985:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
11966:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
11871:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
10920:
10884:
10812:
10715:
10674:
8939:
6586:was elected governor, and Harding lost in Ohio.
5774:
5579:
5493:, the United States had secured rights to build
27:President of the United States from 1909 to 1913
22473:University of Cincinnati College of Law faculty
21315:(incumbent; nominated but died before election)
12313:The Foreign Policies of the Taft Administration
12310:
11344:"William Howard Taft Is Still Stuck in the Tub"
9469:
9433:
9397:
9373:
9361:
9124:
8717:
8633:
8561:
8455:
8078:"Obituary: Taft Gained Peaks in Unusual Career"
8042:
7994:
7982:
6785:organized to carry out the state duties of the
5655:, but instead the convention named Congressman
5437:Roosevelt introduces Taft as his crown prince:
796:
22513:Woodward High School (Cincinnati, Ohio) alumni
22488:University of Cincinnati College of Law alumni
22463:Members of the Sons of the American Revolution
13060:
12673:William Taft Edison Recordings Campaign - 1912
12380:
11724:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
11703:
10641:
8473:
7251:. After his death, the crossing was named the
7064:
7043:, though acquitted by the Senate. Taft valued
6651:Taft and Roosevelt β political enemies in 1912
6510:
5972:sent to Congress in December 1910, he urged a
5848:
5387:, and watched as Roosevelt became a war hero,
272:September 29, 1906 β October 13, 1906
22458:Members of the American Philosophical Society
21566:
21158:
20796:
20556:
18083:
17735:
17504:
16473:
16096:
15202:
14558:
13885:
13139:
12828:
12311:Scholes, Walter V; Scholes, Marie V. (1970).
12115:William Howard Taft: Progressive Conservative
12066:(1940), on Taft's Republican enemies in 1910.
12046:Theodore Roosevelt: Preacher of Righteousness
11858:. Westport, Connecticut: Meckler Corporation.
11807:Taft, Roosevelt, and the limits of friendship
11276:. Arlington National Cemetery. Archived from
11264:
11262:
10425:"Taft Joins Home Guard to Defend Connecticut"
9732:Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
9686:. USA: Oxford University Press. p. 341.
8366:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 18β20.
8100:
7441:was a significant political figure, becoming
7341:
7237:
7077:to be applied against the states through the
6991:In 1922, Taft ruled for a unanimous court in
6706:
4789:
992:
781:
22318:20th-century presidents of the United States
13409:
13097:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
12299:. New York: Time Books, Henry Holt & Co.
11829:Coletta, Paolo E. "William Howard Taft." in
7206:Judicial Conference of Senior Circuit Judges
6827:
6628:Taft with Archibald Butt (second from right)
6496:signed similar legislation in October 1913.
6170:as provisional president of what became the
6072:captured and disarmed an assassin holding a
5945:the states, and by 1913 was ratified as the
5662:
5614:A number of Republican politicians, such as
5212:United States v. Addyston Pipe and Steel Co.
5098:Moores & Co. v. Bricklayers' Union No. 1
22453:Members of the American Antiquarian Society
22413:Governors-general of the Philippine Islands
20342:National Republican Congressional Committee
12922:
12611:. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
12381:Trani, Eugene P.; Wilson, David L. (1977).
6613:
6290:
5878:Taft made it a priority to restructure the
5226:In 1896, Taft became dean and Professor of
5031:in 1880. While in law school, he worked on
4944:
4815:, serving from 1909 to 1913, and the tenth
4003:National Federation of Independent Business
363:Chairman of the First Philippine Commission
333:March 16, 1900 β December 23, 1903
22428:Presidents of the American Bar Association
22388:Judges of the Superior Court of Cincinnati
21785:Unknown Soldier for the Vietnam War (1984)
21573:
21559:
21165:
21151:
20803:
20789:
20563:
20549:
20432:High School Republican National Federation
18090:
18076:
17742:
17728:
17511:
17497:
16480:
16466:
16103:
16089:
15209:
15195:
15171:
15161:
14565:
14551:
14527:
13892:
13878:
13435:Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati
12835:
12821:
12804:
12353:The Collected Works of William Howard Taft
11652:
11259:
11007:
7431:William Howard Taft National Historic Site
7020:In 1926, Taft wrote for a 6β3 majority in
5897:
5523:CubanβAmerican Treaty of Relations of 1903
4796:
4782:
4099:Federation for American Immigration Reform
999:
985:
450:February 4, 1890 β March 20, 1892
12976:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
12408:
12355:(8 vol. Ohio University Press, 20012004)
12273:
12258:
12117:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11819:(2 vols. 1930), valuable primary source.
11789:William Howard Taft, Confident Peacemaker
11738:
11715:
11581:
11476:
11197:
11185:
11170:
11104:
11079:Bivins, Roberta; Marland, Hilary (2016).
11066:
10989:
10977:
10941:
10914:
10902:
10833:
10794:
10745:
10733:
10629:
10614:
10599:
10563:
10410:
10374:
10326:
10311:
10275:
10251:
10239:
10154:
10017:
9871:
9819:. Federal Judicial Center. Archived from
9803:
9755:
9673:
9667:
9643:
9619:
9580:
9385:
9262:
9235:
9199:
9151:
9112:
9100:
9076:
9041:
9017:
9005:
8981:
8969:
8957:
8933:
8909:
8846:
8834:
8810:
8798:
8786:
8735:
8711:
8699:
8687:
8675:
8615:
8603:
8555:
8543:
8437:
8325:
8313:
8286:
8250:
8226:
8214:
8202:
8178:
8166:
8142:
8130:
8118:
8072:
8070:
7631:
7549:
7481:Collection of film clips of the president
6395:William Howard Taft judicial appointments
6241:Official White House portrait of Taft by
5763:
5590:
5316:to organize a civilian government in the
5068:, Taft devoted himself to his job at the
221:February 1, 1904 β June 30, 1908
166:July 11, 1921 β February 3, 1930
21179:1912 United States presidential election
20817:1908 United States presidential election
20525:Timeline of modern American conservatism
20357:Republican Attorneys General Association
20352:National Republican Senatorial Committee
12606:
12533:(1989). "Originalism: The Lesser Evil".
11862:
11853:
11761:William Howard Taft, an Intimate History
11569:
11545:
11509:
11488:
11461:
11449:
11437:
11425:
11413:
9993:
9969:
9743:
9718:
9655:
9607:
9592:
9568:
9556:
9520:
9505:
9493:
9457:
9445:
9421:
9409:
9349:
9325:
9247:
9223:
9211:
9187:
9175:
9139:
9053:
9029:
8993:
8897:
8873:
8858:
8627:
8298:
7644:
7484:
7469:
7420:
7385:
7345:
7302:
7264:
7176:
7011:
6842:
6816:When Wilson proposed establishment of a
6722:
6686:
6671:
6646:
6623:
6514:
6506:1912 United States presidential election
6398:
6388:
6236:
6027:
5959:
5901:
5784:
5730:
5674:
5594:
5586:1908 United States presidential election
5556:. Taft met with Japanese Prime Minister
5432:
5289:
5165:created a new judgeship for each of the
5059:
4948:
4395:Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal
397:March 17, 1892 β March 15, 1900
22543:American people of Scotch-Irish descent
22533:People from Kalorama (Washington, D.C.)
22423:Solicitors general of the United States
21415:
21371:
21291:
20845:
20347:National Republican Redistricting Trust
13862:Articles related to William Howard Taft
12842:
11783:
11221:from the original on September 20, 2021
10165:
10163:
9481:
9337:
9313:
9286:
9274:
8591:
8519:"Proclamation No. 173. s. 2002 | GOVPH"
8386:
7128:was one of a series of cases involving
7122:, struck a blow for religious freedom.
6986:
6500:1912 presidential campaign and election
6321:. A special agent for the Land Office,
5873:engraved portrait of Taft as President
5831:
5574:agreed to issue fewer passports to them
5154:In 1891, Taft introduced a new policy:
4939:historians' rankings of U.S. presidents
941:10th Chief Justice of the United States
14:
22548:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
22290:
21689:Unknown Soldier for World War I (1921)
20465:Republican National Coalition for Life
16811:
13461:Solicitor General of the United States
13071:Creation of the Supreme Court Building
12911:Solicitor General of the United States
12726:"Life Portrait of William Howard Taft"
12294:
12024:
11980:
11961:
11906:(Kindle ed.). Henry Holt and Co.
11533:
11381:. Arsenal pulp press. pp. 36β37.
11298:
11127:
10653:
10587:
10575:
10551:
10522:
10510:
10460:
10398:
10386:
10362:
10350:
10338:
10299:
10287:
10169:
10118:
9679:
9301:
9088:
8361:
8238:
8067:
7923:from the original on December 14, 2020
7208:held its first meeting that December.
7173:Administration and political influence
7050:The following year, the court decided
6667:
6482:United States Court of Customs Appeals
5647:. He had no serious opposition at the
5381:United States Civil Service Commission
5130:Solicitor General of the United States
4905:for the presidency in that November's
438:Solicitor General of the United States
95:March 4, 1909 β March 4, 1913
21554:
21450:
21146:
20985:
20784:
20544:
20407:Republican National Hispanic Assembly
18071:
17723:
17492:
16810:
16500:
16461:
16084:
15190:
14546:
13873:
13860:
13408:
13102:Philippines Civil Governor, 1901β1904
12816:
12773:Works by or about William Howard Taft
12704:William Howard Taft: A Resource Guide
12451:The Supreme Court From Taft to Burger
12080:
11867:The Presidency of William Howard Taft
11634:National Institute of Social Sciences
11356:from the original on November 3, 2020
11243:. US Architect of the Capitol (AOC).
11013:
10845:
10475:"Taft and Davison now Majors General"
9895:
9065:
8055:from the original on October 28, 2020
8024:from the original on October 20, 2020
7952:
7948:
7946:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7435:National Institute of Social Sciences
6761:University of Pennsylvania Law School
6109:United States occupation of Nicaragua
6044:. Many Mexicans backed his opponent,
5560:. After that meeting, the two signed
5259:. Bryan, both in that address and in
4138:American Center for Law & Justice
571:
22353:Progressive Era in the United States
18097:
13001:Commission on Economy and Efficiency
12342:Mississippi Valley Historical Review
12021:as presidential nominee; TR said no.
11594:Lee, Antoinette J. (December 1986).
10160:
7902:
6743:Taft had been made president of the
5756:played." Longtime White House usher
5118:
4892:civilian governor of the Philippines
4216:Parents Television and Media Council
3272:Project for the New American Century
3036:Conservative Party of New York State
892:Commission on Economy and Efficiency
22368:Chief justices of the United States
21601:State funerals in the United States
13760:for President of the United States
13593:Governor-General of the Philippines
13221:1912 Republican National Convention
13211:1908 Republican National Convention
13145:Birthplace, home, and historic site
12900:Governor-General of the Philippines
12742:American Presidents: Life Portraits
12668:Michigan State University Libraries
12629:William Taft National Historic Site
12576:"Chief Justice William Howard Taft"
12535:University of Cincinnati Law Review
12411:University of Cincinnati Law Review
12384:The Presidency of Warren G. Harding
12307:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). 95β119.
11958:(University Press of Kansas, 2009).
11856:William Howard Taft: A Bibliography
11831:The Presidents: A Reference History
11710:Bibliography of William Howard Taft
11658:
11593:
11341:
10213:Milkis, Sidney M. (June 11, 2012).
7503:Bibliography of William Howard Taft
7247:and use a particular crossing over
6880:who formed Harding's inner circle.
6718:Our Chief Magistrate and His Powers
6620:1912 Republican National Convention
5781:Inauguration of William Howard Taft
5649:1908 Republican National Convention
5572:, the foreign minister, informally
5540:On both of his Philippine trips as
5413:
5397:Senate Committee on the Philippines
5393:Vice President of the United States
5285:
5253:1896 Democratic National Convention
4035:National Association for Gun Rights
803:27th President of the United States
321:Governor-General of the Philippines
24:
22538:American people of English descent
20450:Republican Main Street Partnership
17471:
16791:
16501:
16490:Supreme Court of the United States
13515:Chief Justice of the United States
12859:Chief Justice of the United States
12570:
12529:
12446:(U of South Carolina Press, 2019).
12286:Republican campaign text-book 1912
12230:
12198:
12174:
12145:
12043:
11956:The William Howard Taft Presidency
11610:from the original on March 5, 2016
11557:
11395:from the original on March 7, 2021
11342:Coe, Alexis (September 15, 2017).
11152:from the original on April 7, 2015
11001:
10965:
10953:
10872:from the original on March 2, 2021
10539:
10488:from the original on March 8, 2021
10438:from the original on March 8, 2021
10200:
10170:Bomboy, Scott (February 6, 2013).
10142:
10068:
10041:
9981:
9957:
9945:
9850:from the original on March 9, 2016
8921:
8885:
8822:
8771:
8759:
8747:
8663:
7935:
6914:
6657:the Republican National Convention
6409:Chief Justice of the United States
5910:At the time of Taft's presidency,
5487:separation of Panama from Colombia
5169:and Harrison appointed him to the
4896:Supreme Court of the United States
4827:, but was defeated for reelection
4817:chief justice of the United States
4462:Society for American Civic Renewal
4452:Republican Main Street Partnership
4206:National Organization for Marriage
154:Chief Justice of the United States
25:
22559:
20392:Congressional Hispanic Conference
13011:United States Chamber of Commerce
12722:β Miller Center of Public Affairs
12688:collected news and commentary at
12679:
12648:Text of a number of Taft speeches
12616:
12499:
12456:
12201:Irish Journal of American Studies
12112:
12004:Southwestern Historical Quarterly
11922:A Companion to Theodore Roosevelt
11694:
11521:
11329:
11247:from the original on May 18, 2019
11014:Sotos, John G. (September 2003).
10929:
10890:
10821:
10806:
10770:
10721:
10709:
10697:
10685:
10668:
10263:
10106:
10053:
10029:
10005:
9883:
9791:
9779:
9767:
9631:
9544:
9532:
9163:
8945:
8723:
8651:
8639:
8579:
8567:
8461:
8449:
8274:
8262:
8190:
8154:
8106:
8088:from the original on July 1, 2017
8000:
7988:
7953:Gould, Louis L. (February 2000).
7586:
7425:Taft's boyhood home in Cincinnati
7334:sculpted his grave marker out of
7073:of many of the guarantees of the
6319:United States General Land Office
5843:
5770:Presidency of William Howard Taft
4221:Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America
4018:United States Chamber of Commerce
3242:Intercollegiate Studies Institute
3148:Alexis de Tocqueville Institution
22403:United States secretaries of war
22275:
22263:
22251:
22239:
22227:
20605:
20362:Republican Governors Association
18901:2020 (Charlotte/other locations)
17796:
17582:
16436:
16112:United States Solicitors General
15727:
15720:
15218:United States Secretaries of War
15170:
15160:
15151:
15150:
14526:
14517:
14516:
13389:
13388:
12789:
12479:Journal of Supreme Court History
12459:American Bar Association Journal
12402:
11896:
11622:
11587:
11494:
11368:
11335:
11299:Gresko, Jessica (May 25, 2011).
11292:
11233:
11203:
11121:
11072:
10839:
10776:
10739:
10466:
10416:
10206:
10130:
10074:
9889:
9836:
9809:
9724:
9700:from the original on May 5, 2016
7866:
7853:
7844:
7835:
7826:
7817:
7808:
7799:
7790:
7781:
7768:
7755:
7746:
7725:
7716:
7703:
7694:
7685:
7668:
7659:
7650:
7637:
7193:American Bar Association Journal
6903:
6423:made more. The death of Justice
6403:Taft promoted Associate Justice
6001:
5857:
5323:The American takeover meant the
5300:with William Howard Taft of the
5176:
5085:, who lost to New York Governor
4762:
4748:
4375:National Association of Scholars
4211:National Right to Life Committee
4067:Council of Conservative Citizens
3183:Competitive Enterprise Institute
3168:Center for the National Interest
2796:The Closing of the American Mind
2756:The Conscience of a Conservative
1034:
972:
945:
748:
711:
692:
54:
22313:Presidents of the United States
22204:: Presidents and chief justices
20761:Secretary of Commerce and Labor
18036:Secretary of Commerce and Labor
13901:Presidents of the United States
13226:1912 U.S. presidential election
13216:1908 U.S. presidential election
13021:State of the Union Address 1912
12659:Miller Center of Public Affairs
12305:Toward an American Conservatism
12109:, 43 (MayβAugust 2016), 227β54.
11659:Rae, Nicol C. (February 2000).
8511:
8494:
8467:
8408:
8380:
8355:
8331:
7623:
7610:
7601:
7592:
7568:
7555:
7542:
7533:
7047:as his most important opinion.
6349:
6285:International Harvester Company
5385:Assistant Secretary of the Navy
5123:There was a seat vacant on the
4707:Don't immanentize the eschaton!
4652:Bibliography of US conservatism
3193:Ethics and Public Policy Center
567:
20455:Republican Majority for Choice
20283:Steering and Policy Committees
16447:Acting officeholders shown in
13723:President of the United States
13655:United States Secretary of War
12892:United States Secretary of War
12870:President of the United States
12664:Audio clips of Taft's speeches
12331:Presidential Studies Quarterly
12233:Presidential Studies Quarterly
11863:Coletta, Paolo Enrico (1973).
11854:Coletta, Paolo Enrico (1989).
11741:Presidential Studies Quarterly
8036:
8006:
7896:
7520:
6947:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
6838:
6222:Domestic policies and politics
5927:House Ways and Means Committee
5690:Interstate Commerce Commission
5167:United States Courts of Appeal
5107:It is not clear when Taft met
5055:Rise in government (1880β1908)
4884:Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals
4847:candidate. In 1921, President
4813:president of the United States
4679:List of American conservatives
4400:Texas Public Policy Foundation
4158:Christian Coalition of America
4094:Center for Immigration Studies
2985:Intelligence and public policy
2903:"Disparate impact" controversy
209:United States Secretary of War
83:President of the United States
13:
1:
20520:International Democracy Union
13798:United States Capitol rotunda
13350:Backstairs at the White House
12996:PinchotβBallinger controversy
12961:Federal Corrupt Practices Act
12433:The Supreme Court Review 1975
12044:Hawley, Joshua David (2008).
10484:. August 8, 1917. p. 2.
10434:. March 25, 1917. p. 5.
8362:Ranney, James Taylor (2018).
7890:
7324:United States Capitol rotunda
7313:United States Capitol rotunda
7273:succeed him as chief justice.
6968:Adkins v. Children's Hospital
6848:
6474:United States district courts
6297:PinchotβBallinger controversy
6246:
6036:, Ciudad JuΓ‘rez, Mexico, 1909
5775:Inauguration and appointments
5722:Republican National Committee
5708:was needed to supplement the
5580:Presidential election of 1908
5443:magazine cover cartoon, 1906.
4957:
3188:David Horowitz Freedom Center
3153:American Enterprise Institute
66:
32:William Taft (disambiguation)
22398:20th-century American judges
22393:19th-century American judges
13114:1906β1909 Occupation of Cuba
13006:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua
12881:Provisional Governor of Cuba
12782:Works by William Howard Taft
12764:Works by William Howard Taft
12607:Wilensky, Norman N. (1965).
12520:Columbia Business Law Review
12270:, detailed coverage, to 1910
11716:Anderson, Donald F. (1973).
11241:"Lying in State or in Honor"
10176:National Constitution Center
8018:National Constitution Center
7761:259 U.S. 20 (1922). Justice
7360:National Constitution Center
7159:exclusion on account of race
7107:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
6478:United States Commerce Court
6226:
6118:
5891:United States foreign policy
5368:minds". Taft did not impose
5064:After admission to the Ohio
4858:, Ohio in 1857. His father,
4507:Classical education movement
3488:The Imaginative Conservative
897:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua
260:Provisional Governor of Cuba
7:
22348:Politicians from Cincinnati
20402:Republican Jewish Coalition
20317:Republican Governance Group
17704:indicate military governors
15156:All presidential candidates
12991:Defense Secrets Act of 1911
12788:(public domain audiobooks)
12641:
12622:
12558:U. of Cincinnati Law Review
12135:(1969) covers 1910 to 1912.
12107:Congress and the Presidency
12081:Istre, Logan Stagg (2021).
11768:Western Political Quarterly
11704:Sources and further reading
9896:Istre, Logan Stagg (2021).
9846:. Federal Judicial Center.
9844:"Commerce Court, 1910β1913"
8416:Journal of American History
7508:Taft on U.S. postage stamps
7496:
7352:Arlington National Cemetery
7328:Arlington National Cemetery
7065:Individual and civil rights
6727:Taft (left) with President
6511:Moving apart from Roosevelt
6111:, which lasted until 1933.
5849:Organization and principles
5735:1908 electoral vote results
5546:Portsmouth Peace Conference
4935:Arlington National Cemetery
4330:Faith and Freedom Coalition
4320:Council for National Policy
4305:American Conservative Union
4293:Young Americans for Liberty
4143:American Family Association
4062:Concerned Women for America
3105:Rhode Island Suffrage Party
707:William Howard Taft's voice
537:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
22564:
22498:Members of Skull and Bones
22363:1910s in the United States
22358:1900s in the United States
21971:Chestnut and Gibson (1998)
21911:Herbert C. Hoover Building
20322:Republican Study Committee
13843:James Stillman Rockefeller
13180:High school (New York City
12731:December 25, 2018, at the
12500:Regan, Richard J. (2015).
12274:Pringle, Henry F. (1939).
12184:. New York: Random House.
12015:Missouri Historical Review
11931:December 14, 2020, at the
11707:
11375:Allan D. Peterkin (2001).
11085:Social History of Medicine
10091:November 28, 2020, at the
8389:"The Move to Institutions"
8387:Kennedy, David W. (1987).
7778:dissented without opinion.
7765:dissented without opinion.
7365:president with facial hair
7342:Legacy and historical view
7238:Declining health and death
6907:
6831:
6787:Connecticut National Guard
6707:Return to Yale (1913β1921)
6617:
6503:
6392:
6294:
6230:
6180:annual message to Congress
6161:Chinese Revolution of 1911
6005:
5986:led by Prime Minister Sir
5778:
5767:
5583:
4823:, the chosen successor of
4667:History of US conservatism
4485:Asian and Pacific Islander
4390:Republican Study Committee
4288:Young America's Foundation
4278:National Journalism Center
4126:Alliance Defending Freedom
4040:National Rifle Association
3860:The Washington Free Beacon
3776:Independent Journal Review
3352:New Hampshire Union Leader
3267:Pacific Research Institute
3163:Center for Security Policy
3063:Constitutional Union Party
3031:American Independent Party
29:
22483:Boston University faculty
22199:
22172:
22094:
22017:
22008:
21952:
21927:
21909:
21891:
21859:
21616:
21607:
21598:
21526:
21493:
21464:
21446:
21404:
21354:
21329:
21274:
21234:
21207:
21190:
21119:
21086:
21057:
21028:
20999:
20981:
20956:
20929:
20912:
20872:
20828:
20759:
20740:
20717:Secretary of the Interior
20715:
20706:George von Lengerke Meyer
20696:
20677:
20658:
20633:
20616:Secretary of the Treasury
20614:
20603:
20586:
20497:
20460:Republican Liberty Caucus
20440:
20370:
20332:
20263:
20252:
20207:
19946:
19932:
19872:
19503:
19494:
19285:
19088:
18951:
18147:
18107:
18034:
18015:
17992:Secretary of the Interior
17990:
17941:
17932:George von Lengerke Meyer
17898:
17867:
17836:
17807:Secretary of the Treasury
17805:
17794:
17765:
17710:indicate acting governors
17697:
17592:
17579:
17538:
17531:
17469:
16819:
16806:
16789:
16509:
16496:
16445:
16434:
16118:
15889:
15749:
15736:
15718:
15686:
15541:
15241:
15228:
15146:
14584:
14580:
14512:
14384:
13907:
13867:
13839:
13827:
13819:
13814:
13804:
13789:
13781:
13771:
13752:
13744:
13739:
13729:
13720:
13712:
13700:
13689:
13671:
13661:
13652:
13644:
13632:
13616:
13606:
13590:
13582:
13564:
13554:
13536:
13531:
13521:
13512:
13504:
13494:
13482:
13477:
13467:
13458:
13450:
13440:
13433:
13425:
13420:
13415:
13368:
13325:
13234:
13203:
13132:
13084:
13051:
12971:Apportionment Act of 1911
12966:Wireless Ship Act of 1910
12921:
12850:
12653:January 30, 2015, at the
12490:Constitutional Commentary
12148:Pacific Historical Review
12099:10.1017/S1537781420000079
11069:, pp. 963β964, 1072.
10846:White, G. Edward (2015).
9914:10.1017/S1537781420000079
9680:Harlan, Louis R. (1983).
7909:. CQ Press. p. 428.
7656:Son of the late president
7598:85 F. 271 (6th Cir. 1898)
7293:Asheville, North Carolina
6828:Chief Justice (1921β1930)
6735:at the dedication of the
6200:, but Reid, owner of the
6186:
6066:Frederick Russell Burnham
5810:George von Lengerke Meyer
5663:General election campaign
5566:Japanese control of Korea
5503:Isthmian Canal Commission
5447:When Taft took office as
5115:, became a U.S. senator.
5033:The Cincinnati Commercial
4909:. In the White House, he
4442:Pacific Justice Institute
4077:Independent Women's Forum
3446:Claremont Review of Books
3418:The American Conservative
3198:Family Research Institute
3115:National Republican Party
2716:The Managerial Revolution
872:Wireless Ship Act of 1910
735:
700:
688:
671:
638:
628:
607:
581:
552:
542:
532:
515:
495:
490:
486:
474:
462:
454:
443:
435:
423:
413:
401:
390:
382:
370:
349:
337:
326:
319:
307:
286:
276:
265:
257:
245:
233:
225:
214:
206:
194:
182:
170:
159:
151:
139:
127:
99:
88:
80:
76:
48:
41:
22508:Members of Phi Kappa Phi
20742:Secretary of Agriculture
20230:Northern Mariana Islands
18017:Secretary of Agriculture
17969:Charles Joseph Bonaparte
17889:Charles Joseph Bonaparte
13815:Awards and achievements
13740:Party political offices
13410:Offices and distinctions
13274:Robert Alphonso Taft Jr.
13124:National War Labor Board
12951:PayneβAldrich Tariff Act
12697:
12113:Lurie, Jonathan (2011).
11981:Gould, Lewis L. (2008).
11962:Gould, Lewis L. (2014).
11416:, pp. 259, 264β265.
11034:10.1378/chest.124.3.1133
10746:Torruella, Juan (1988).
8738:, pp. 293β295, 301.
7906:The Supreme Court A to Z
7513:
7465:
6802:National War Labor Board
6757:American Bar Association
6614:Primaries and convention
6464:Chancellor of New Jersey
6376:University of Notre Dame
6291:BallingerβPinchot affair
6265:American Tobacco Company
6062:Ciudad JuΓ‘rez, Chihuahua
5931:Senate Finance Committee
5679:1908 Taft/Sherman poster
5491:HayβBunau-Varilla Treaty
5201:cases." Among these was
4945:Early life and education
4769:United States portal
4566:Parental rights movement
4243:Franklin News Foundation
4188:Foundation for Moral Law
4008:National Taxpayers Union
3985:Americans for Tax Reform
3962:Sinclair Broadcast Group
3646:One America News Network
2918:Griggs v. Duke Power Co.
2816:The Revolt of the Elites
2686:Democracy and Leadership
1014:This article is part of
867:PayneβAldrich Tariff Act
757:This article is part of
657:University of Cincinnati
22528:20th-century Unitarians
22523:19th-century Unitarians
22478:Yale Law School faculty
22468:American legal scholars
22438:Lawyers from Cincinnati
13498:Henry Franklin Severens
13268:William Howard Taft III
13119:League to Enforce Peace
12634:April 25, 2006, at the
12295:Rosen, Jeffrey (2018).
11944:Goodwin, Doris Kearns.
11759:Anderson, Judith Icke.
10223:The Heritage Foundation
7458:the fabled cherry trees
6776:League to Enforce Peace
6753:Commission of Fine Arts
6091:Nicaragua's president,
5992:September 1911 election
5933:, Rhode Island Senator
5898:Tariffs and reciprocity
5808:and Postmaster General
5329:PhilippineβAmerican War
5027:, and graduated with a
4931:League to Enforce Peace
4755:Conservatism portal
4657:Conservative talk radio
4546:Libertarian republicans
4355:John M. Olin Foundation
4315:The Conservative Caucus
4173:Family Research Council
4045:Second Amendment Caucus
3387:The Wall Street Journal
3213:The Heritage Foundation
2726:Ideas Have Consequences
1355:America First Committee
1139:American exceptionalism
430:Henry Franklin Severens
22418:Colonial heads of Cuba
21861:National Statuary Hall
21320:Nicholas Murray Butler
20939:William Jennings Bryan
20687:Frank Harris Hitchcock
20312:Problem Solvers Caucus
18006:James Rudolph Garfield
17476:
16796:
15176:Third-party candidates
14802:Winfield Scott Hancock
14692:William Henry Harrison
13999:William Henry Harrison
13793:lain in state or honor
13318:(paternal grandfather)
13262:Charles Phelps Taft II
13109:TaftβKatsura agreement
13016:Ceremonial first pitch
12757:April 8, 2015, at the
12709:March 7, 2021, at the
12369:Taft, William Howard.
12351:Taft, William Howard.
11840:(1971) 3: 2049β2131.
11274:Historical Information
11134:. iUniverse. pp.
10785:, 272 U.S. at 166, 176
8425:March 7, 2021, at the
8418:53.2 (1966): 279β298.
8348:July 26, 2020, at the
8020:. September 15, 2018.
7903:Jost, Kenneth (1993).
7528:Twenty-fifth Amendment
7493:
7482:
7463:
7443:Senate Majority Leader
7426:
7396:rankings by historians
7391:
7354:
7315:
7274:
7187:
7138:Double Jeopardy Clause
7134:federal district court
7126:United States v. Lanza
7023:Myers v. United States
7017:
6854:
6740:
6701:Nicholas Murray Butler
6692:
6677:
6652:
6629:
6555:William Jennings Bryan
6550:Dred Scott v. Sandford
6526:
6412:
6252:
6037:
5965:
5907:
5790:
5764:Presidency (1909β1913)
5736:
5680:
5604:
5591:Gaining the nomination
5548:, which would end the
5444:
5309:
5251:in July stampeded the
5249:William Jennings Bryan
5163:United States Congress
4961:
4903:William Jennings Bryan
4226:Thomas More Law Center
3922:The Political Cesspool
3915:Million Dollar Extreme
3425:The American Spectator
3219:Mandate for Leadership
3173:Charles Koch Institute
3083:Conservative Democrats
3072:historically, factions
1350:Conservative coalition
1345:Conservative Manifesto
1250:Peace through strength
1225:Judeo-Christian values
962:National Historic Site
903:Presidential campaigns
21495:Socialist Labor Party
21342:Robert M. La Follette
21124:Other 1908 elections:
20890:Robert M. La Follette
20698:Secretary of the Navy
20397:Log Cabin Republicans
17943:Secretary of the Navy
17475:
16795:
16643:Edward Douglass White
15543:Assistant Secretaries
14229:Franklin D. Roosevelt
13704:Charles Edward Magoon
13636:Philippine Commission
13574:Philippine Commission
13508:Edward Douglass White
13066:Judiciary Act of 1925
13031:Judicial appointments
12565:The Yale Law Journal
12549:90 (2005): 1363β1385
12344:50#3 (1963): 424β442
12255:19.4 (1994): 111β120.
11889:19#3 (1995): 473β497
11663:Taft, Robert Alphonso
11630:"Gold Medal Honorees"
11604:National Park Service
11188:, pp. 1077β1079.
10905:, pp. 1057β1064.
10848:"The lost episode of
10365:, pp. 45, 57β69.
9734:12.4 (2013): 434β474.
9595:, pp. 85β86, 89.
7861:Franklin D. Roosevelt
7731:The Republicans were
7491:
7480:
7454:
7447:Eastern Establishment
7424:
7389:
7349:
7306:
7279:Hoover's inauguration
7268:
7180:
7015:
6908:Further information:
6846:
6832:Further information:
6726:
6690:
6675:
6650:
6627:
6618:Further information:
6518:
6504:Further information:
6445:Edward Douglass White
6421:Franklin D. Roosevelt
6405:Edward Douglass White
6402:
6389:Judicial appointments
6257:Sherman Antitrust Act
6240:
6031:
5963:
5939:Robert M. La Follette
5905:
5803:Agriculture Secretary
5795:sworn in as president
5788:
5779:Further information:
5734:
5726:Hot Springs, Virginia
5710:Sherman Antitrust Act
5678:
5598:
5527:Charles Edward Magoon
5436:
5325:Philippine Revolution
5302:Philippine Commission
5293:
5263:, strongly advocated
5217:Sherman Antitrust Act
5104:, which was illegal.
5060:Ohio lawyer and judge
5035:newspaper, edited by
5025:Cincinnati Law School
4990:U.S. Secretary of War
4952:
4886:. In 1901, President
4864:U.S. attorney general
4843:vote by running as a
4693:Barstool conservatism
4253:Media Research Center
4082:Log Cabin Republicans
4072:Gays Against Groomers
4030:Gun Owners of America
3720:Discover the Networks
3516:The National Interest
3366:The New York Observer
3307:Witherspoon Institute
3247:James Madison Program
3120:Native American Party
2925:Educational inflation
2856:Why Liberalism Failed
2826:The Death of the West
2786:A Conflict of Visions
2746:The Conservative Mind
2666:The Federalist Papers
2502:LaHaye (Beverly)
1402:Republican Revolution
1297:Supply-side economics
1154:Christian nationalism
726:Recorded October 1912
314:Charles Edward Magoon
189:Edward Douglass White
22433:American prosecutors
21593:in the United States
21531:Other 1912 elections
20885:Charles W. Fairbanks
20725:Richard A. Ballinger
20668:George W. Wickersham
20427:Republicans Overseas
20417:Teen Age Republicans
20220:District of Columbia
18621:1964 (San Francisco)
18581:1956 (San Francisco)
18117:National Union Party
16675:Charles Evans Hughes
14880:Charles Evans Hughes
14249:Dwight D. Eisenhower
13775:Charles Evans Hughes
13586:Arthur MacArthur Jr.
13540:Jacob Gould Schurman
13525:Charles Evans Hughes
13374:β Theodore Roosevelt
13250:Robert Alphonso Taft
13061:Supreme Court career
12946:Income Tax amendment
12580:The Yale Law Journal
12547:Minnesota Law Review
12333:9#4 (1979): 402β414
12221:Villanova Law Review
12062:Hechler, Kenneth W.
11815:Butt, Archibald W.
11173:, pp. 963, 967.
11128:Bendat, Jim (2012).
11056:on January 31, 2013.
10992:, pp. 996β1000.
10290:, pp. 132, 176.
10084:Smithsonian Magazine
9250:, pp. 185, 190.
8774:, pp. 285, 291.
8750:, pp. 269, 274.
8339:Villanova Law Review
7957:Taft, William Howard
7350:Taft's headstone at
7271:Charles Evans Hughes
7186:cover, June 30, 1924
7079:Fourteenth Amendment
7053:McGrain v. Daugherty
7033:Tenure of Office Act
6994:Balzac v. Porto Rico
6987:Powers of government
6973:Nineteenth Amendment
6878:the Ohio politicians
6847:Chief Justice Taft,
6774:As president of the
6765:William Draper Lewis
6441:Charles Evans Hughes
6360:Booker T. Washington
6331:George W. Wickersham
6311:Richard A. Ballinger
6261:Standard Oil Company
6157:Zaifeng, Prince Chun
5984:Parliament of Canada
5955:Payne-Aldrich tariff
5951:conference committee
5832:First Lady's illness
5627:corporate corruption
5623:Charles Evans Hughes
5601:Evolution of a Smile
5554:Treaty of Portsmouth
5461:Henry Billings Brown
5389:Governor of New York
5352:in the provinces of
5333:Arthur MacArthur Jr.
5280:arbitration movement
5257:Cross of Gold speech
5191:John Marshall Harlan
5005:Woodward High School
4956:photograph of Taft,
4600:Right-libertarianism
4595:Reactionary feminism
4380:Philadelphia Society
4272:Youth/student groups
4153:Chalcedon Foundation
3748:Front Porch Republic
3397:The Washington Times
3297:Sutherland Institute
3292:State Policy Network
3252:Leadership Institute
2930:Elite overproduction
2887:Demographic futures
2766:A Choice Not an Echo
2706:Our Enemy, the State
2676:Democracy in America
1164:Classical liberalism
1144:American nationalism
1027:in the United States
862:Income Tax amendment
356:Jacob Gould Schurman
201:Charles Evans Hughes
22518:American Unitarians
22493:Yale College alumni
22298:William Howard Taft
21763:J. E. Hoover (1972)
21301:William Howard Taft
20969:John Albert Johnson
20855:William Howard Taft
20579:William Howard Taft
20380:College Republicans
18801:2000 (Philadelphia)
18541:1948 (Philadelphia)
18501:1940 (Philadelphia)
18318:1900 (Philadelphia)
18227:1872 (Philadelphia)
18175:1856 (Philadelphia)
18127:Fourth Party System
18044:George B. Cortelyou
17957:William Henry Moody
17926:George B. Cortelyou
17908:Charles Emory Smith
17883:William Henry Moody
17852:William Howard Taft
17827:George B. Cortelyou
17540:Military government
16659:William Howard Taft
14870:William Howard Taft
14762:George B. McClellan
14654:William H. Crawford
14610:Charles C. Pinckney
14179:William Howard Taft
14099:Rutherford B. Hayes
13675:TomΓ‘s Estrada Palma
13624:as Chairman of the
13548:Schurman Commission
13546:as Chairman of the
13298:Charles Phelps Taft
13170:U.S. Postage stamps
12844:William Howard Taft
12797:William Howard Taft
12745:, September 6, 1999
12715:Library of Congress
12686:William Howard Taft
12425:69.1 (2007): 73β87
12423:Journal of Politics
12373:(Best Books, 1908)
12073:36.1 (1973): 52β65
12006:80.1 (1976): 33β56
11512:, pp. 255β256.
11464:, pp. 262β263.
11332:, pp. 196β197.
11305:The Huffington Post
11280:on December 6, 2006
11217:. October 4, 2016.
11200:, pp. 349β350.
11016:"Taft and Pickwick"
11004:, pp. 361β362.
10980:, pp. 995β996.
10968:, pp. 849β850.
10944:, pp. 973β974.
10836:, pp. 985β986.
10656:, pp. 170β171.
10617:, pp. 957β959.
10578:, pp. 166β168.
10554:, pp. 110β134.
10525:, pp. 107β110.
10431:The Washington Post
10413:, pp. 890β899.
10377:, pp. 859β860.
10314:, pp. 856β857.
10278:, pp. 836β841.
10266:, pp. 169β171.
10254:, pp. 832β835.
10229:on October 3, 2016.
10203:, pp. 213β218.
10056:, pp. 163β166.
10020:, pp. 183β185.
9996:, pp. 226β230.
9984:, pp. 635β640.
9972:, pp. 222β225.
9960:, pp. 117β119.
9948:, pp. 110β113.
9886:, pp. 129β130.
9874:, pp. 569β579.
9806:, pp. 339β340.
9794:, pp. 127β128.
9782:, pp. 123β127.
9670:, pp. 509β513.
9646:, pp. 507β509.
9583:, pp. 483β485.
9559:, pp. 160β163.
9535:, pp. 145β147.
9523:, pp. 157β159.
9508:, pp. 154β157.
9496:, pp. 168β169.
9470:Scholes and Scholes
9460:, pp. 199β200.
9448:, pp. 198β199.
9436:, pp. 217β221.
9434:Scholes and Scholes
9412:, pp. 194β195.
9400:, pp. 126β129.
9398:Scholes and Scholes
9388:, pp. 250β255.
9374:Scholes and Scholes
9362:Scholes and Scholes
9352:, pp. 186β187.
9328:, pp. 187β190.
9238:, pp. 593β595.
9226:, pp. 141β152.
9202:, pp. 102β108.
9166:, pp. 102β103.
9154:, pp. 276β278.
9142:, pp. 183β185.
9125:Scholes and Scholes
9044:, pp. 383β387.
9008:, pp. 393β395.
8960:, pp. 374β376.
8936:, pp. 358β360.
8924:, pp. 524β525.
8849:, pp. 348β353.
8825:, pp. 523β526.
8813:, pp. 337β338.
8801:, pp. 321β322.
8762:, pp. 281β282.
8702:, pp. 305β310.
8690:, pp. 279β283.
8678:, pp. 264β265.
8618:, pp. 251β255.
8606:, pp. 242β247.
8480:. South End Press.
8440:, pp. 159β162.
8328:, pp. 150β153.
8253:, pp. 120β123.
8229:, pp. 110β114.
8217:, pp. 106β111.
7841:260 U.S. 377 (1922)
7832:268 U.S. 510 (1925)
7823:268 U.S. 652 (1925)
7814:273 U.S. 135 (1927)
7796:258 U.S. 298 (1922)
7787:261 U.S. 525 (1923)
7776:James C. McReynolds
7752:247 U.S. 251 (1918)
7607:175 U.S. 211 (1899)
7565:561 (6th Cir. 1897)
7449:wing of the party.
7269:Taft insisted that
7112:James C. McReynolds
6983:of the government.
6956:Stafford v. Wallace
6941:Hammer v. Dagenhart
6783:state defense force
6668:Campaign and defeat
6639:sinking of the RMS
6597:, but those of the
6540:Lochner v. New York
6453:William Henry Moody
6449:Willis Van Devanter
6437:David Josiah Brewer
6305:and Chief Forester
6269:United States Steel
6174:, overthrowing the
6130:William W. Rockhill
6078:Francisco I. Madero
5947:Sixteenth Amendment
5535:Philippine Assembly
5519:TomΓ‘s Estrada Palma
5364:on April 16, 1902.
5350:concentration camps
5346:James Franklin Bell
5219:, was described by
5207:liberty of contract
5156:confession of error
5051:and easily passed.
4882:and a judge of the
4809:William Howard Taft
4605:Paleolibertarianism
4536:Hispanic and Latino
4412:America First Legal
4258:O'Keefe Media Group
4183:Focus on the Family
3974:Other organizations
3867:The Western Journal
3853:Washington Examiner
3692:Conservative Review
3610:The Weekly Standard
3603:Washington Examiner
3495:Jewish World Review
3338:Dallas Morning News
3257:Manhattan Institute
3208:Heartland Institute
3203:Gatestone Institute
3178:Claremont Institute
2968:Illegal immigration
2896:Population collapse
2846:The Benedict Option
2736:God and Man at Yale
1743:Bush (George H. W.)
1728:Adams (John Quincy)
1213:Gender essentialism
951:Supreme Court cases
882:Defense Secrets Act
766:William Howard Taft
293:TomΓ‘s Estrada Palma
43:William Howard Taft
21963:US Capitol rotunda
21929:Old Senate Chamber
21618:US Capitol rotunda
21381:Theodore Roosevelt
21337:Theodore Roosevelt
21257:Thomas R. Marshall
21225:Thomas R. Marshall
21077:John Temple Graves
21059:Independence Party
20679:Postmaster General
20643:Jacob M. Dickinson
20588:Secretary of State
20412:Republicans Abroad
20277:Legislative Digest
18741:1988 (New Orleans)
18681:1976 (Kansas City)
18661:1972 (Miami Beach)
18641:1968 (Miami Beach)
18441:1928 (Kansas City)
18305:1896 (Saint Louis)
18292:1892 (Minneapolis)
18137:Sixth Party System
18132:Fifth Party System
18122:Third Party System
18000:Ethan A. Hitchcock
17981:Truman H. Newberry
17900:Postmaster General
17858:Luke Edward Wright
17767:Secretary of State
17758:Theodore Roosevelt
17594:Insular Government
17477:
16813:Associate justices
16797:
14752:Stephen A. Douglas
14169:Theodore Roosevelt
13823:Hiram Wesley Evans
13748:Theodore Roosevelt
13716:Theodore Roosevelt
13665:Luke Edward Wright
13610:Luke Edward Wright
13599:Served alongside:
13532:Political offices
13471:Charles H. Aldrich
13444:Samuel Furman Hunt
13358:Theodore Roosevelt
13310:Horace Dutton Taft
13256:Helen Taft Manning
12691:The New York Times
12567:35.1 (1925): 1β12.
12522:(2018) 1#1: 1β24.
12449:Mason, Alpheus T.
12253:Journalism History
12138:Mason, Alpheus T.
12131:Manners, William.
11924:(2011) pp 452β67.
11887:Diplomatic History
11770:7.1 (1954): 65β74
11349:The New York Times
11097:10.1093/shm/hkw015
10642:Trani & Wilson
10513:, pp. 93, 95.
8397:Cardozo Law Review
8181:, pp. 95β105.
7850:275 U.S. 78 (1927)
7805:272 U.S. 52 (1926)
7676:Harlan Fiske Stone
7494:
7483:
7427:
7392:
7355:
7332:James Earle Fraser
7316:
7275:
7260:N. E. Yorke-Davies
7245:Connecticut Avenue
7188:
7118:(the society) ran
7084:Gitlow v. New York
7041:had been impeached
7018:
6933:Harlan Fiske Stone
6931:, and (from 1925)
6855:
6791:American Red Cross
6741:
6693:
6678:
6653:
6630:
6603:Robert La Follette
6527:
6486:Robert W. Archbald
6413:
6253:
6134:William J. Calhoun
6093:JosΓ© Santos Zelaya
6038:
6023:Mexican Revolution
5979:Elgin-Marcy Treaty
5966:
5925:, chairman of the
5908:
5822:Treasury Secretary
5791:
5737:
5681:
5637:Frank H. Hitchcock
5634:Postmaster General
5616:Treasury Secretary
5605:
5550:Russo-Japanese War
5511:George W. Goethals
5445:
5370:racial segregation
5310:
5141:Theodore Roosevelt
5125:U.S. Supreme Court
5007:in Cincinnati. At
4962:
4825:Theodore Roosevelt
4714:Republicans pounce
4521:Dark Enlightenment
4427:Federalist Society
4365:Liberty University
4350:John Birch Society
4310:Bradley Foundation
4238:Econ Journal Watch
4013:Tea Party Patriots
3945:Regnery Publishing
3928:Passage Publishing
3741:FrontPage Magazine
3287:Rockford Institute
3282:R Street Institute
3232:Hoover Institution
3098:Southern Democrats
3058:Anti-Masonic Party
3041:Constitution Party
2696:I'll Take My Stand
2607:Schlafly (Phyllis)
1407:Tea Party movement
1365:Goldwater campaign
1335:Southern Agrarians
1287:Right to bear arms
1240:Limited government
1218:Complementarianism
506:September 15, 1857
481:Charles H. Aldrich
377:Luke Edward Wright
282:Theodore Roosevelt
252:Luke Edward Wright
229:Theodore Roosevelt
134:Theodore Roosevelt
22215:
22214:
22209:
22208:
22195:
22194:
22187:Lautenberg (2013)
22096:Great Hall of the
22004:
22003:
21948:
21947:
21715:R. A. Taft (1953)
21548:
21547:
21522:
21521:
21466:Prohibition Party
21442:
21441:
21400:
21399:
21357:Progressive Party
21350:
21349:
21270:
21269:
21140:
21139:
21115:
21114:
21030:Prohibition Party
20977:
20976:
20908:
20907:
20895:Joseph B. Foraker
20880:Philander C. Knox
20778:
20777:
20624:Franklin MacVeagh
20596:Philander C. Knox
20538:
20537:
20493:
20492:
20422:Young Republicans
20290:Senate Conference
20248:
20247:
19928:
19927:
18240:1876 (Cincinnati)
18065:
18064:
18050:Victor H. Metcalf
17975:Victor H. Metcalf
17877:Philander C. Knox
17717:
17716:
17521:governors-general
17486:
17485:
17482:
17481:
16802:
16801:
16755:William Rehnquist
16455:
16454:
16078:
16077:
16074:
16073:
15891:Under Secretaries
15716:
15715:
15688:Under Secretaries
15184:
15183:
15142:
15141:
15058:George H. W. Bush
14832:Benjamin Harrison
14702:Hugh Lawson White
14682:John Quincy Adams
14540:
14539:
14319:George H. W. Bush
14269:Lyndon B. Johnson
14199:Warren G. Harding
14139:Benjamin Harrison
14119:Chester A. Arthur
14109:James A. Garfield
13969:John Quincy Adams
13919:George Washington
13854:
13853:
13849:
13848:
13840:Succeeded by
13805:Succeeded by
13791:Persons who have
13785:Warren G. Harding
13772:Succeeded by
13730:Succeeded by
13701:Succeeded by
13687:
13683:President of Cuba
13662:Succeeded by
13630:
13607:Succeeded by
13597:1901β1904
13578:
13565:Succeeded by
13552:
13522:Succeeded by
13495:Succeeded by
13468:Succeeded by
13441:Succeeded by
13402:
13401:
13361:(2022 miniseries)
13353:(1979 miniseries)
13316:Peter Rawson Taft
13304:Henry Waters Taft
13244:Helen Herron Taft
13150:MalacaΓ±ang Palace
13043:First Oval Office
12986:Radio Act of 1912
12936:1909 inauguration
12768:Project Gutenberg
12675:, audio recording
12511:978-0-8132-2721-4
12481:(1998) 1: 50β78.
12442:Lurie, Jonathan.
12394:978-0-7006-0152-3
12362:Taft, William H.
12322:978-0-8262-0094-5
12260:Pringle, Henry F.
12191:978-0-394-55509-6
12124:978-0-521-51421-7
12055:978-0-300-14514-4
12036:978-0-8263-4652-0
12019:Herbert S. Hadley
11992:978-0-7006-1564-3
11973:978-0-7006-2001-2
11937:Ellis, L. Ethan.
11913:978-0-8050-6956-3
11850:(Greenwood, 1981)
11805:Burton, David H.
11798:978-0-916101-51-0
11731:978-0-8014-0786-4
11674:978-0-679-80358-4
11479:, pp. 30β32.
11311:on August 6, 2010
11145:978-1-935278-48-1
10809:, pp. 95β96.
10773:, pp. 94β95.
10757:978-0-8477-3019-3
10712:, pp. 91β92.
10700:, pp. 90β91.
10671:, pp. 37β38.
10644:, pp. 48β49.
10463:, pp. 87β91.
10401:, pp. 69β71.
10389:, pp. 47β49.
10353:, pp. 19β20.
10133:, pp. 29β30.
9693:978-0-19-972909-8
9610:, pp. 89β92.
9571:, pp. 77β82.
9484:, pp. 82β83.
9472:, pp. 19β21.
9376:, pp. 21β23.
9340:, pp. 67β69.
9316:, pp. 66β67.
9214:, pp. 65β71.
9190:, pp. 60β65.
9178:, pp. 56β58.
9091:, pp. 61β62.
8900:, pp. 16β18.
8876:, pp. 15β16.
8654:, pp. 70β71.
8594:, pp. 35β37.
8582:, pp. 52β55.
8487:978-0-89608-275-5
8452:, pp. 41β42.
8373:978-1-138-56364-3
8277:, pp. 36β38.
8265:, pp. 28β30.
8205:, pp. 80β81.
8193:, pp. 13β15.
8169:, pp. 63β67.
8157:, pp. 10β11.
8145:, pp. 57β58.
8133:, pp. 54β55.
8121:, pp. 49β53.
8084:. March 9, 1930.
7968:978-0-679-80358-4
7881:Dwight Eisenhower
7680:William Rehnquist
7674:The others being
7618:Douglas MacArthur
7589:, pp. 33β34.
7489:
7478:
7404:John Quincy Adams
7151:In the 1927 case
7093:First Amendment's
7089:Edward T. Sanford
6898:executive session
6885:George Sutherland
6863:president-elect's
6818:League of Nations
6729:Warren G. Harding
6682:Progressive Party
6580:Warren G. Harding
6417:George Washington
6344:Louis D. Brandeis
6303:James R. Garfield
6172:Republic of China
6086:Arizona Territory
5935:Nelson W. Aldrich
5818:Franklin MacVeagh
5789:1909 inauguration
5653:Jonathan Dolliver
5499:Isthmus of Panama
5485:Through the 1903
5242:of Ohio Governor
5183:federal judgeship
5151:and their wives.
5149:Henry Cabot Lodge
5137:William M. Evarts
5135:New York Senator
5119:Solicitor General
5102:secondary boycott
5094:Joseph B. Foraker
5078:Chester A. Arthur
5017:George H. W. Bush
4919:over conservation
4880:solicitor general
4854:Taft was born in
4849:Warren G. Harding
4806:
4805:
4500:Reconstructionism
4385:Regent University
4345:Hillsdale College
4283:Turning Point USA
4051:Identity politics
3596:Southern Partisan
3572:The New Criterion
3391:(editorial board)
2943:Go woke, go broke
2935:Higher ed. bubble
2602:Schlafly (Andrew)
2537:Mercer (daughter)
2507:LaHaye (Tim)
1375:Southern strategy
1174:Constitutionalism
1009:
1008:
887:Radio Act of 1912
823:Executive actions
774:
773:
739:
738:
716:
458:Benjamin Harrison
408:Benjamin Harrison
177:Warren G. Harding
16:(Redirected from
22555:
22343:Ohio Republicans
22280:
22279:
22278:
22268:
22267:
22256:
22255:
22244:
22243:
22242:
22232:
22231:
22230:
22223:
22098:US Supreme Court
22015:
22014:
21959:
21958:
21737:MacArthur (1964)
21614:
21613:
21575:
21568:
21561:
21552:
21551:
21505:Arthur E. Reimer
21484:Aaron S. Watkins
21476:Eugene W. Chafin
21448:
21447:
21431:Vice President:
21413:
21412:
21389:Vice President:
21369:
21368:
21330:Other candidates
21312:James S. Sherman
21289:
21288:
21277:Republican Party
21235:Other candidates
21223:Vice President:
21205:
21204:
21193:Democratic Party
21167:
21160:
21153:
21144:
21143:
21098:Thomas E. Watson
21069:Thomas L. Hisgen
21048:Aaron S. Watkins
21040:Eugene W. Chafin
20983:
20982:
20957:Other candidates
20945:Vice President:
20927:
20926:
20915:Democratic Party
20873:Other candidates
20863:James S. Sherman
20861:Vice President:
20843:
20842:
20831:Republican Party
20805:
20798:
20791:
20782:
20781:
20731:Walter L. Fisher
20660:Attorney General
20649:Henry L. Stimson
20635:Secretary of War
20609:
20608:
20565:
20558:
20551:
20542:
20541:
20295:Policy Committee
20271:House Conference
20261:
20260:
19944:
19943:
19501:
19500:
18921:2024 (Milwaukee)
18881:2016 (Cleveland)
18781:1996 (San Diego)
18481:1936 (Cleveland)
18421:1924 (Cleveland)
18201:1864 (Baltimore)
18101:
18100:Republican Party
18092:
18085:
18078:
18069:
18068:
17914:Henry Clay Payne
17869:Attorney General
17838:Secretary of War
17800:
17799:
17744:
17737:
17730:
17721:
17720:
17703:
17587:
17586:
17574:
17567:
17560:
17553:
17513:
17506:
17499:
17490:
17489:
17465:
17365:
17219:
17157:
17113:
16829:
16808:
16807:
16739:Warren E. Burger
16547:Oliver Ellsworth
16498:
16497:
16488:Justices of the
16482:
16475:
16468:
16459:
16458:
16440:
16105:
16098:
16091:
16082:
16081:
15747:
15746:
15731:
15724:
15239:
15238:
15211:
15204:
15197:
15188:
15187:
15174:
15173:
15164:
15163:
15154:
15153:
14842:William J. Bryan
14822:Grover Cleveland
14792:Samuel J. Tilden
14712:Martin Van Buren
14590:Thomas Jefferson
14582:
14581:
14567:
14560:
14553:
14544:
14543:
14530:
14529:
14520:
14519:
14159:William McKinley
14149:Grover Cleveland
14129:Grover Cleveland
14089:Ulysses S. Grant
14039:Millard Fillmore
13989:Martin Van Buren
13939:Thomas Jefferson
13894:
13887:
13880:
13871:
13870:
13858:
13857:
13820:Preceded by
13808:John J. Pershing
13782:Preceded by
13745:Preceded by
13713:Preceded by
13692:Governor of Cuba
13678:
13672:Preceded by
13645:Preceded by
13621:
13617:Preceded by
13583:Preceded by
13572:as Chair of the
13569:
13543:
13537:Preceded by
13505:Preceded by
13489:
13454:Orlow W. Chapman
13451:Preceded by
13426:Preceded by
13418:
13417:
13406:
13405:
13392:
13391:
13381:Woodrow Wilson β
13076:Taft Court cases
12941:Dollar diplomacy
12914:
12903:
12895:
12884:
12873:
12862:
12837:
12830:
12823:
12814:
12813:
12808:
12793:
12792:
12777:Internet Archive
12612:
12603:
12574:(January 1958).
12560:60 (1991): 963+.
12542:
12515:
12474:
12435:(1975): 123β145
12418:
12398:
12326:
12300:
12281:
12269:
12248:
12223:56 (2011): 535+
12216:
12195:
12171:
12128:
12102:
12059:
12040:
11996:
11977:
11954:Gould, Lewis L.
11917:
11882:
11870:
11859:
11802:
11785:Burton, David H.
11756:
11735:
11723:
11698:
11692:
11686:
11685:
11683:
11681:
11667:. Random House.
11666:
11656:
11650:
11649:
11647:
11645:
11636:. Archived from
11626:
11620:
11619:
11617:
11615:
11591:
11585:
11579:
11573:
11567:
11561:
11555:
11549:
11548:, p. xviii.
11543:
11537:
11531:
11525:
11519:
11513:
11507:
11501:
11498:
11492:
11486:
11480:
11474:
11465:
11459:
11453:
11447:
11441:
11435:
11429:
11423:
11417:
11411:
11405:
11404:
11402:
11400:
11372:
11366:
11365:
11363:
11361:
11339:
11333:
11327:
11321:
11320:
11318:
11316:
11307:. Archived from
11296:
11290:
11289:
11287:
11285:
11266:
11257:
11256:
11254:
11252:
11237:
11231:
11230:
11228:
11226:
11215:millercenter.org
11207:
11201:
11195:
11189:
11183:
11174:
11168:
11162:
11161:
11159:
11157:
11125:
11119:
11118:
11108:
11076:
11070:
11064:
11058:
11057:
11052:. Archived from
11028:(3): 1133β1142.
11011:
11005:
10999:
10993:
10987:
10981:
10975:
10969:
10963:
10957:
10951:
10945:
10939:
10933:
10927:
10918:
10912:
10906:
10900:
10894:
10888:
10882:
10881:
10879:
10877:
10871:
10856:
10850:Gong Lum v. Rice
10843:
10837:
10831:
10825:
10819:
10810:
10804:
10798:
10792:
10786:
10780:
10774:
10768:
10762:
10761:
10743:
10737:
10731:
10725:
10719:
10713:
10707:
10701:
10695:
10689:
10683:
10672:
10666:
10657:
10651:
10645:
10639:
10633:
10627:
10618:
10612:
10603:
10597:
10591:
10585:
10579:
10573:
10567:
10561:
10555:
10549:
10543:
10537:
10526:
10520:
10514:
10508:
10502:
10501:
10495:
10493:
10481:New-York Tribune
10477:
10470:
10464:
10458:
10452:
10451:
10445:
10443:
10427:
10420:
10414:
10408:
10402:
10396:
10390:
10384:
10378:
10372:
10366:
10360:
10354:
10348:
10342:
10336:
10330:
10324:
10315:
10309:
10303:
10302:, pp. 5β12.
10297:
10291:
10285:
10279:
10273:
10267:
10261:
10255:
10249:
10243:
10237:
10231:
10230:
10225:. Archived from
10210:
10204:
10198:
10192:
10191:
10189:
10187:
10178:. Archived from
10167:
10158:
10152:
10146:
10140:
10134:
10128:
10122:
10116:
10110:
10104:
10095:
10080:Lewis L. Gould,
10078:
10072:
10066:
10057:
10051:
10045:
10039:
10033:
10027:
10021:
10015:
10009:
10003:
9997:
9991:
9985:
9979:
9973:
9967:
9961:
9955:
9949:
9943:
9934:
9933:
9893:
9887:
9881:
9875:
9869:
9860:
9859:
9857:
9855:
9840:
9834:
9832:
9830:
9828:
9823:on July 30, 2016
9813:
9807:
9801:
9795:
9789:
9783:
9777:
9771:
9765:
9759:
9753:
9747:
9741:
9735:
9728:
9722:
9716:
9710:
9709:
9707:
9705:
9677:
9671:
9665:
9659:
9653:
9647:
9641:
9635:
9629:
9623:
9617:
9611:
9605:
9596:
9590:
9584:
9578:
9572:
9566:
9560:
9554:
9548:
9542:
9536:
9530:
9524:
9518:
9509:
9503:
9497:
9491:
9485:
9479:
9473:
9467:
9461:
9455:
9449:
9443:
9437:
9431:
9425:
9419:
9413:
9407:
9401:
9395:
9389:
9383:
9377:
9371:
9365:
9359:
9353:
9347:
9341:
9335:
9329:
9323:
9317:
9311:
9305:
9299:
9290:
9284:
9278:
9272:
9266:
9260:
9251:
9245:
9239:
9233:
9227:
9221:
9215:
9209:
9203:
9197:
9191:
9185:
9179:
9173:
9167:
9161:
9155:
9149:
9143:
9137:
9128:
9122:
9116:
9110:
9104:
9098:
9092:
9086:
9080:
9074:
9068:
9067:
9063:
9057:
9051:
9045:
9039:
9033:
9027:
9021:
9015:
9009:
9003:
8997:
8991:
8985:
8979:
8973:
8967:
8961:
8955:
8949:
8943:
8937:
8931:
8925:
8919:
8913:
8907:
8901:
8895:
8889:
8883:
8877:
8871:
8862:
8856:
8850:
8844:
8838:
8832:
8826:
8820:
8814:
8808:
8802:
8796:
8790:
8784:
8775:
8769:
8763:
8757:
8751:
8745:
8739:
8733:
8727:
8721:
8715:
8709:
8703:
8697:
8691:
8685:
8679:
8673:
8667:
8661:
8655:
8649:
8643:
8637:
8631:
8625:
8619:
8613:
8607:
8601:
8595:
8589:
8583:
8577:
8571:
8565:
8559:
8553:
8547:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8530:
8515:
8509:
8508:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8471:
8465:
8459:
8453:
8447:
8441:
8435:
8429:
8412:
8406:
8405:
8393:
8384:
8378:
8377:
8359:
8353:
8341:56 (2011): 535+
8335:
8329:
8323:
8317:
8311:
8302:
8296:
8290:
8284:
8278:
8272:
8266:
8260:
8254:
8248:
8242:
8236:
8230:
8224:
8218:
8212:
8206:
8200:
8194:
8188:
8182:
8176:
8170:
8164:
8158:
8152:
8146:
8140:
8134:
8128:
8122:
8116:
8110:
8104:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8093:
8074:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8049:Business Insider
8040:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8029:
8010:
8004:
7998:
7992:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7975:
7961:. Random House.
7960:
7950:
7933:
7932:
7930:
7928:
7900:
7884:
7870:
7864:
7857:
7851:
7848:
7842:
7839:
7833:
7830:
7824:
7821:
7815:
7812:
7806:
7803:
7797:
7794:
7788:
7785:
7779:
7772:
7766:
7759:
7753:
7750:
7744:
7741:Thomas E. Watson
7737:William E. Borah
7729:
7723:
7720:
7714:
7707:
7701:
7698:
7692:
7689:
7683:
7672:
7666:
7663:
7657:
7654:
7648:
7641:
7635:
7627:
7621:
7614:
7608:
7605:
7599:
7596:
7590:
7572:
7566:
7559:
7553:
7546:
7540:
7537:
7531:
7524:
7490:
7479:
7232:the new building
7163:Chinese ancestry
7120:Catholic schools
6853:
6850:
6745:Lincoln Memorial
6737:Lincoln Memorial
6429:Horace H. Lurton
6251:
6248:
6203:New-York Tribune
6138:Open Door Policy
6046:Francisco Madero
6014:Dollar Diplomacy
6008:Dollar Diplomacy
5880:State Department
5861:
5714:the constitution
5657:James S. Sherman
5619:George Cortelyou
5542:Secretary of War
5449:Secretary of War
5424:Secretary of War
5414:Secretary of War
5404:religious orders
5308:(March 27, 1901)
5298:Jamalul Kiram II
5286:Philippine years
5244:William McKinley
5087:Grover Cleveland
5029:Bachelor of Laws
4998:Ulysses S. Grant
4996:under President
4994:Attorney General
4959:
4888:William McKinley
4870:. Taft attended
4868:secretary of war
4835:after Roosevelt
4798:
4791:
4784:
4771:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4617:Neo-Confederates
4578:Patriot movement
4551:Militia movement
4370:Moms for Liberty
4267:
4202:
4148:The American TFP
4114:Three Percenters
3999:
3956:The Rubin Report
3615:
3584:
3565:The New Atlantis
3558:The New American
3530:Public Discourse
3509:National Affairs
3432:American Thinker
3411:American Affairs
3359:The Jewish Voice
3237:Hudson Institute
3158:American Compass
3110:Federalist Party
3093:Reagan Democrats
3068:Democratic Party
3046:Republican Party
3005:Managerial state
2883:Multiculturalism
2861:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2821:
2811:
2801:
2791:
2781:
2771:
2761:
2751:
2741:
2731:
2721:
2711:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2671:
1748:Bush (George W.)
1590:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
1257:Moral absolutism
1169:Communitarianism
1038:
1028:
1011:
1010:
1001:
994:
987:
976:
975:
857:Dollar diplomacy
770:
769:
767:
760:
752:
745:
744:
741:
740:
723:abolition of war
718:
717:
696:
664:
575:
573:
569:
526:Washington, D.C.
522:
505:
503:
491:Personal details
477:
469:Orlow W. Chapman
465:
448:
426:
419:Seat established
416:
404:
395:
373:
352:
344:William McKinley
340:
331:
310:
289:
279:
270:
248:
236:
219:
197:
185:
173:
164:
142:
130:
111:James S. Sherman
104:
93:
71:
68:
58:
39:
38:
21:
22563:
22562:
22558:
22557:
22556:
22554:
22553:
22552:
22288:
22287:
22286:
22276:
22274:
22262:
22250:
22240:
22238:
22228:
22226:
22218:
22216:
22211:
22210:
22205:
22191:
22168:
22164:O'Connor (2023)
22155:Ginsburg (2020,
22132:Blackmun (1999)
22114:Marshall (1993)
22097:
22090:
22000:
21996:Williams (2022)
21986:Sicknick (2021)
21944:
21923:
21905:
21887:
21874:Ginsburg (2020,
21869:Cummings (2019)
21855:
21776:Humphrey (1978)
21710:Pershing (1948)
21679:L'Enfant (1909)
21603:
21594:
21579:
21549:
21544:
21518:
21513:August Gillhaus
21489:
21460:
21438:
21407:Socialist Party
21396:
21360:
21346:
21325:
21308:Vice President:
21280:
21266:
21252:Oscar Underwood
21230:
21196:
21186:
21171:
21141:
21136:
21111:
21106:Samuel Williams
21082:
21053:
21024:
21001:Socialist Party
20995:
20973:
20952:
20918:
20904:
20868:
20834:
20824:
20809:
20779:
20774:
20755:
20736:
20711:
20692:
20673:
20654:
20629:
20610:
20606:
20601:
20582:
20569:
20539:
20534:
20489:
20442:
20436:
20372:
20366:
20334:
20328:
20255:
20244:
20203:
19939:
19937:
19924:
19873:Chair elections
19868:
19490:
19389:D. B. Henderson
19377:T. J. Henderson
19302:
19299:
19297:
19292:
19288:
19281:
19099:
19096:
19094:
19091:
19084:
18957:administrations
18955:
18947:
18841:2008 (St. Paul)
18821:2004 (New York)
18166:
18163:
18161:
18157:
18154:
18150:
18143:
18103:
18099:
18096:
18066:
18061:
18030:
18011:
17986:
17951:John Davis Long
17937:
17894:
17863:
17832:
17801:
17797:
17792:
17761:
17748:
17718:
17713:
17701:
17693:
17596:
17588:
17581:
17577:
17570:
17563:
17556:
17549:
17542:
17534:
17527:
17517:
17487:
17478:
17467:
17466:
17460:
17458:
17360:
17301:J. M. Harlan II
17214:
17152:
17108:
16824:
16815:
16798:
16787:
16786:
16691:Harlan F. Stone
16627:Melville Fuller
16595:Salmon P. Chase
16505:
16492:
16486:
16456:
16451:
16441:
16432:
16114:
16109:
16079:
16070:
15892:
15885:
15752:
15742:
15739:
15732:
15726:
15725:
15712:
15689:
15682:
15544:
15537:
15244:
15234:
15231:
15224:
15215:
15185:
15180:
15138:
15137:
15118:Hillary Clinton
15048:Michael Dukakis
15008:George McGovern
14998:Hubert Humphrey
14988:Barry Goldwater
14964:Adlai Stevenson
14950:Thomas E. Dewey
14940:Wendell Willkie
14860:Alton B. Parker
14812:James G. Blaine
14772:Horatio Seymour
14742:John C. FrΓ©mont
14576:
14571:
14541:
14536:
14508:
14434:F. D. Roosevelt
14386:
14380:
14379:
14378:
14259:John F. Kennedy
14239:Harry S. Truman
14209:Calvin Coolidge
14069:Abraham Lincoln
14049:Franklin Pierce
13909:
13903:
13898:
13863:
13855:
13850:
13845:
13836:
13825:
13810:
13801:
13795:
13787:
13777:
13762:
13750:
13735:
13726:
13718:
13708:
13706:
13697:
13694:
13677:
13667:
13658:
13650:
13639:
13626:Taft Commission
13620:
13612:
13598:
13596:
13588:
13568:
13561:
13558:Taft Commission
13542:
13527:
13518:
13510:
13500:
13491:
13484:
13473:
13464:
13456:
13446:
13437:
13431:
13411:
13403:
13398:
13364:
13338:Progressive Era
13321:
13230:
13199:
13133:Life and legacy
13128:
13092:Taft Commission
13080:
13053:
13047:
12981:MannβElkins Act
12925:
12917:
12906:
12898:
12887:
12876:
12865:
12854:
12846:
12841:
12811:
12790:
12759:Wayback Machine
12733:Wayback Machine
12711:Wayback Machine
12700:
12682:
12655:Wayback Machine
12644:
12636:Wayback Machine
12625:
12619:
12531:Scalia, Antonin
12512:
12492:9 (1992): 199+
12405:
12395:
12323:
12192:
12160:10.2307/3636924
12125:
12056:
12037:
12000:Gould, Lewis L.
11993:
11974:
11941:(Yale UP, 1939)
11933:Wayback Machine
11914:
11879:
11799:
11732:
11712:
11706:
11701:
11693:
11689:
11679:
11677:
11675:
11657:
11653:
11643:
11641:
11640:on July 2, 2019
11628:
11627:
11623:
11613:
11611:
11592:
11588:
11580:
11576:
11568:
11564:
11556:
11552:
11544:
11540:
11536:, pp. 3β4.
11532:
11528:
11520:
11516:
11508:
11504:
11499:
11495:
11487:
11483:
11475:
11468:
11460:
11456:
11448:
11444:
11436:
11432:
11424:
11420:
11412:
11408:
11398:
11396:
11389:
11373:
11369:
11359:
11357:
11340:
11336:
11328:
11324:
11314:
11312:
11297:
11293:
11283:
11281:
11268:
11267:
11260:
11250:
11248:
11239:
11238:
11234:
11224:
11222:
11209:
11208:
11204:
11196:
11192:
11184:
11177:
11169:
11165:
11155:
11153:
11146:
11126:
11122:
11077:
11073:
11065:
11061:
11012:
11008:
11000:
10996:
10988:
10984:
10976:
10972:
10964:
10960:
10952:
10948:
10940:
10936:
10928:
10921:
10913:
10909:
10901:
10897:
10889:
10885:
10875:
10873:
10869:
10854:
10844:
10840:
10832:
10828:
10820:
10813:
10805:
10801:
10797:, p. 1025.
10793:
10789:
10781:
10777:
10769:
10765:
10758:
10744:
10740:
10736:, p. 1049.
10732:
10728:
10720:
10716:
10708:
10704:
10696:
10692:
10684:
10675:
10667:
10660:
10652:
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10636:
10628:
10621:
10613:
10606:
10598:
10594:
10586:
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10574:
10570:
10562:
10558:
10550:
10546:
10538:
10529:
10521:
10517:
10509:
10505:
10491:
10489:
10472:
10471:
10467:
10459:
10455:
10441:
10439:
10422:
10421:
10417:
10409:
10405:
10397:
10393:
10385:
10381:
10373:
10369:
10361:
10357:
10349:
10345:
10337:
10333:
10325:
10318:
10310:
10306:
10298:
10294:
10286:
10282:
10274:
10270:
10262:
10258:
10250:
10246:
10238:
10234:
10211:
10207:
10199:
10195:
10185:
10183:
10182:on May 29, 2016
10168:
10161:
10153:
10149:
10141:
10137:
10129:
10125:
10117:
10113:
10105:
10098:
10093:Wayback Machine
10079:
10075:
10067:
10060:
10052:
10048:
10040:
10036:
10028:
10024:
10016:
10012:
10004:
10000:
9992:
9988:
9980:
9976:
9968:
9964:
9956:
9952:
9944:
9937:
9894:
9890:
9882:
9878:
9870:
9863:
9853:
9851:
9842:
9841:
9837:
9826:
9824:
9815:
9814:
9810:
9802:
9798:
9790:
9786:
9778:
9774:
9766:
9762:
9754:
9750:
9742:
9738:
9729:
9725:
9717:
9713:
9703:
9701:
9694:
9678:
9674:
9666:
9662:
9654:
9650:
9642:
9638:
9630:
9626:
9618:
9614:
9606:
9599:
9591:
9587:
9579:
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9567:
9563:
9555:
9551:
9543:
9539:
9531:
9527:
9519:
9512:
9504:
9500:
9492:
9488:
9480:
9476:
9468:
9464:
9456:
9452:
9444:
9440:
9432:
9428:
9420:
9416:
9408:
9404:
9396:
9392:
9384:
9380:
9372:
9368:
9360:
9356:
9348:
9344:
9336:
9332:
9324:
9320:
9312:
9308:
9304:, pp. 1β2.
9300:
9293:
9285:
9281:
9273:
9269:
9261:
9254:
9246:
9242:
9234:
9230:
9222:
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9206:
9198:
9194:
9186:
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9174:
9170:
9162:
9158:
9150:
9146:
9138:
9131:
9123:
9119:
9111:
9107:
9099:
9095:
9087:
9083:
9075:
9071:
9064:
9060:
9052:
9048:
9040:
9036:
9028:
9024:
9016:
9012:
9004:
9000:
8992:
8988:
8980:
8976:
8968:
8964:
8956:
8952:
8944:
8940:
8932:
8928:
8920:
8916:
8908:
8904:
8896:
8892:
8884:
8880:
8872:
8865:
8857:
8853:
8845:
8841:
8833:
8829:
8821:
8817:
8809:
8805:
8797:
8793:
8785:
8778:
8770:
8766:
8758:
8754:
8746:
8742:
8734:
8730:
8722:
8718:
8710:
8706:
8698:
8694:
8686:
8682:
8674:
8670:
8662:
8658:
8650:
8646:
8638:
8634:
8630:, pp. 6β7.
8626:
8622:
8614:
8610:
8602:
8598:
8590:
8586:
8578:
8574:
8566:
8562:
8554:
8550:
8542:
8538:
8528:
8526:
8525:. April 9, 2002
8517:
8516:
8512:
8499:
8495:
8488:
8472:
8468:
8460:
8456:
8448:
8444:
8436:
8432:
8427:Wayback Machine
8413:
8409:
8391:
8385:
8381:
8374:
8360:
8356:
8350:Wayback Machine
8336:
8332:
8324:
8320:
8312:
8305:
8297:
8293:
8285:
8281:
8273:
8269:
8261:
8257:
8249:
8245:
8237:
8233:
8225:
8221:
8213:
8209:
8201:
8197:
8189:
8185:
8177:
8173:
8165:
8161:
8153:
8149:
8141:
8137:
8129:
8125:
8117:
8113:
8105:
8101:
8091:
8089:
8076:
8075:
8068:
8058:
8056:
8041:
8037:
8027:
8025:
8012:
8011:
8007:
8003:, pp. 4β7.
7999:
7995:
7991:, pp. 4β5.
7987:
7983:
7973:
7971:
7969:
7951:
7936:
7926:
7924:
7917:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7888:
7887:
7873:Wendell Willkie
7871:
7867:
7858:
7854:
7849:
7845:
7840:
7836:
7831:
7827:
7822:
7818:
7813:
7809:
7804:
7800:
7795:
7791:
7786:
7782:
7773:
7769:
7760:
7756:
7751:
7747:
7735:of California,
7730:
7726:
7721:
7717:
7708:
7704:
7699:
7695:
7690:
7686:
7673:
7669:
7664:
7660:
7655:
7651:
7642:
7638:
7628:
7624:
7615:
7611:
7606:
7602:
7597:
7593:
7573:
7569:
7560:
7556:
7547:
7543:
7538:
7534:
7525:
7521:
7516:
7499:
7485:
7470:
7468:
7344:
7240:
7175:
7146:dual sovereigns
7142:Fifth Amendment
7067:
7007:Sixth Amendment
6989:
6952:Tenth Amendment
6921:Commerce Clause
6917:
6915:Commerce Clause
6912:
6906:
6894:Harry Daugherty
6859:Calvin Coolidge
6851:
6841:
6836:
6830:
6714:Yale Law School
6709:
6670:
6622:
6616:
6591:New Nationalism
6568:Alton B. Parker
6535:Supreme Court's
6513:
6508:
6502:
6457:Joseph R. Lamar
6397:
6391:
6364:W. E. B. DuBois
6352:
6307:Gifford Pinchot
6299:
6293:
6249:
6235:
6233:MannβElkins Act
6229:
6224:
6189:
6121:
6018:Monroe Doctrine
6010:
6004:
5988:Wilfrid Laurier
5923:Sereno E. Payne
5900:
5887:Monroe Doctrine
5876:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5851:
5846:
5834:
5783:
5777:
5772:
5766:
5694:judicial review
5665:
5593:
5588:
5582:
5507:John F. Stevens
5476:Melville Fuller
5465:Edith Roosevelt
5416:
5288:
5195:circuit justice
5179:
5121:
5083:James G. Blaine
5074:Hamilton County
5062:
5057:
5049:bar examination
5013:Skull and Bones
4947:
4890:appointed Taft
4876:Skull and Bones
4874:and joined the
4802:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4738:
4688:Colloquialisms
4672:Modern timeline
4642:
4634:
4633:
4571:Fathers' rights
4495:Christian right
4480:
4472:
4471:
4457:The Right Stuff
4265:
4263:Project Veritas
4232:Watchdog groups
4200:
4193:Liberty Counsel
4163:Christian Voice
4057:ACT for America
3997:
3990:Club for Growth
3975:
3967:
3966:
3892:Encounter Books
3613:
3582:
3544:Taki's Magazine
3523:National Review
3345:The Epoch Times
3331:Chicago Tribune
3320:
3312:
3311:
3262:Mises Institute
3143:Acton Institute
3138:
3130:
3129:
3018:
3010:
3009:
2989:Legal theories
2955:Woke capitalism
2913:DEI controversy
2908:CRT controversy
2873:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2836:Hillbilly Elegy
2829:
2819:
2809:
2799:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2749:
2739:
2729:
2719:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2532:Mercer (father)
2392:
2384:
2383:
2104:
2096:
2095:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1420:
1412:
1411:
1385:Reagan Doctrine
1315:
1307:
1306:
1277:Property rights
1267:Ordered liberty
1179:Culture of life
1134:
1126:
1125:
1046:
1026:
1024:
1005:
973:
971:
958:
957:Post-presidency
955:
942:
939:
904:
901:
877:MannβElkins Act
840:Domestic policy
804:
801:
765:
763:
762:
761:
758:
756:
731:
730:
729:
728:
727:
725:
719:
712:
709:
684:
667:
655:
646:Yale University
624:
603:
599:Charles II
577:
565:
561:
543:Political party
524:
520:
507:
501:
499:
475:
463:
449:
444:
424:
414:
402:
396:
391:
371:
358:
350:
338:
332:
327:
308:
295:
287:
277:
271:
266:
246:
234:
220:
215:
195:
183:
171:
165:
160:
140:
128:
123:
113:
100:
94:
89:
72:
69:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:William H. Taft
15:
12:
11:
5:
22561:
22551:
22550:
22545:
22540:
22535:
22530:
22525:
22520:
22515:
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22380:
22375:
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22340:
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22325:
22320:
22315:
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22284:
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22260:
22248:
22236:
22213:
22212:
22207:
22206:
22200:
22197:
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22190:
22189:
22184:
22178:
22176:
22174:Senate Chamber
22170:
22169:
22167:
22166:
22161:
22152:
22150:Stevens (2019)
22147:
22142:
22134:
22129:
22127:Brennan (1997)
22124:
22116:
22111:
22102:
22100:
22092:
22091:
22089:
22088:
22076:
22068:
22060:
22052:
22040:
22032:
22023:
22021:
22012:
22010:Lain in repose
22006:
22005:
22002:
22001:
21999:
21998:
21993:
21988:
21983:
21978:
21973:
21967:
21965:
21956:
21950:
21949:
21946:
21945:
21943:
21942:
21933:
21931:
21925:
21924:
21922:
21921:
21915:
21913:
21907:
21906:
21904:
21903:
21897:
21895:
21889:
21888:
21886:
21885:
21880:
21871:
21865:
21863:
21857:
21856:
21854:
21853:
21848:
21843:
21838:
21826:
21821:
21816:
21804:
21792:
21787:
21778:
21773:
21765:
21760:
21758:Dirksen (1969)
21755:
21747:
21739:
21734:
21722:
21717:
21712:
21707:
21699:
21691:
21686:
21681:
21676:
21668:
21663:
21655:
21650:
21645:
21643:Stevens (1868)
21640:
21628:
21622:
21620:
21611:
21605:
21604:
21599:
21596:
21595:
21578:
21577:
21570:
21563:
21555:
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21537:
21527:
21524:
21523:
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21519:
21517:
21516:
21508:
21499:
21497:
21491:
21490:
21488:
21487:
21479:
21470:
21468:
21462:
21461:
21444:
21443:
21440:
21439:
21437:
21436:
21428:
21425:Eugene V. Debs
21419:
21417:
21410:
21402:
21401:
21398:
21397:
21395:
21394:
21385:
21384:
21375:
21373:
21366:
21352:
21351:
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21347:
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21316:
21305:
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21271:
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21259:
21254:
21249:
21244:
21238:
21236:
21232:
21231:
21229:
21228:
21220:
21217:Woodrow Wilson
21211:
21209:
21202:
21188:
21187:
21170:
21169:
21162:
21155:
21147:
21138:
21137:
21135:
21134:
21129:
21120:
21117:
21116:
21113:
21112:
21110:
21109:
21101:
21092:
21090:
21088:Populist Party
21084:
21083:
21081:
21080:
21072:
21063:
21061:
21055:
21054:
21052:
21051:
21043:
21034:
21032:
21026:
21025:
21023:
21022:
21014:
21011:Eugene V. Debs
21005:
21003:
20997:
20996:
20979:
20978:
20975:
20974:
20972:
20971:
20966:
20960:
20958:
20954:
20953:
20951:
20950:
20942:
20933:
20931:
20924:
20910:
20909:
20906:
20905:
20903:
20902:
20897:
20892:
20887:
20882:
20876:
20874:
20870:
20869:
20867:
20866:
20858:
20849:
20847:
20840:
20826:
20825:
20808:
20807:
20800:
20793:
20785:
20776:
20775:
20773:
20772:
20765:
20763:
20757:
20756:
20754:
20753:
20746:
20744:
20738:
20737:
20735:
20734:
20728:
20721:
20719:
20713:
20712:
20710:
20709:
20702:
20700:
20694:
20693:
20691:
20690:
20683:
20681:
20675:
20674:
20672:
20671:
20664:
20662:
20656:
20655:
20653:
20652:
20646:
20639:
20637:
20631:
20630:
20628:
20627:
20620:
20618:
20612:
20611:
20604:
20602:
20600:
20599:
20592:
20590:
20584:
20583:
20568:
20567:
20560:
20553:
20545:
20536:
20535:
20533:
20532:
20527:
20522:
20517:
20512:
20507:
20501:
20499:
20495:
20494:
20491:
20490:
20488:
20487:
20482:
20477:
20475:Liberty Caucus
20472:
20470:ConservAmerica
20467:
20462:
20457:
20452:
20446:
20444:
20438:
20437:
20435:
20434:
20429:
20424:
20419:
20414:
20409:
20404:
20399:
20394:
20389:
20388:
20387:
20376:
20374:
20368:
20367:
20365:
20364:
20359:
20354:
20349:
20344:
20338:
20336:
20330:
20329:
20327:
20326:
20325:
20324:
20319:
20314:
20309:
20307:Freedom Caucus
20299:
20298:
20297:
20287:
20286:
20285:
20280:
20267:
20265:
20258:
20250:
20249:
20246:
20245:
20243:
20242:
20240:Virgin Islands
20237:
20232:
20227:
20222:
20217:
20215:American Samoa
20211:
20209:
20205:
20204:
20202:
20201:
20196:
20191:
20186:
20181:
20176:
20171:
20166:
20161:
20156:
20151:
20149:South Carolina
20146:
20141:
20136:
20131:
20126:
20121:
20116:
20114:North Carolina
20111:
20106:
20101:
20096:
20091:
20086:
20081:
20076:
20071:
20066:
20061:
20056:
20051:
20046:
20041:
20036:
20031:
20026:
20021:
20016:
20011:
20006:
20001:
19996:
19991:
19986:
19981:
19976:
19971:
19966:
19961:
19956:
19950:
19948:
19941:
19930:
19929:
19926:
19925:
19923:
19922:
19917:
19912:
19907:
19902:
19897:
19892:
19887:
19882:
19876:
19874:
19870:
19869:
19867:
19866:
19861:
19856:
19851:
19846:
19841:
19832:
19827:
19822:
19817:
19812:
19807:
19802:
19797:
19792:
19787:
19782:
19773:
19768:
19763:
19758:
19753:
19748:
19743:
19738:
19733:
19728:
19723:
19718:
19713:
19708:
19703:
19698:
19693:
19688:
19683:
19678:
19673:
19668:
19663:
19658:
19653:
19648:
19643:
19638:
19633:
19628:
19623:
19618:
19613:
19608:
19603:
19598:
19593:
19588:
19583:
19578:
19573:
19568:
19563:
19558:
19553:
19548:
19543:
19538:
19533:
19528:
19523:
19518:
19513:
19507:
19505:
19498:
19492:
19491:
19489:
19488:
19482:
19476:
19470:
19464:
19458:
19452:
19446:
19440:
19434:
19428:
19422:
19416:
19410:
19404:
19398:
19392:
19386:
19380:
19374:
19368:
19362:
19356:
19350:
19344:
19338:
19332:
19326:
19320:
19314:
19307:
19305:
19283:
19282:
19280:
19279:
19273:
19267:
19261:
19255:
19249:
19243:
19237:
19231:
19225:
19219:
19213:
19207:
19201:
19195:
19189:
19183:
19177:
19171:
19165:
19159:
19153:
19147:
19141:
19135:
19129:
19123:
19117:
19111:
19104:
19102:
19086:
19085:
19083:
19082:
19076:
19070:
19064:
19058:
19052:
19046:
19040:
19034:
19028:
19022:
19016:
19010:
19004:
18998:
18992:
18986:
18980:
18974:
18968:
18961:
18959:
18949:
18948:
18946:
18945:
18942:2028 (Houston)
18938:
18937:
18936:
18918:
18917:
18916:
18898:
18897:
18896:
18878:
18877:
18876:
18858:
18857:
18856:
18838:
18837:
18836:
18818:
18817:
18816:
18798:
18797:
18796:
18778:
18777:
18776:
18761:1992 (Houston)
18758:
18757:
18756:
18738:
18737:
18736:
18718:
18717:
18716:
18701:1980 (Detroit)
18698:
18697:
18696:
18678:
18677:
18676:
18658:
18657:
18656:
18638:
18637:
18636:
18618:
18617:
18616:
18601:1960 (Chicago)
18598:
18597:
18596:
18578:
18577:
18576:
18561:1952 (Chicago)
18558:
18557:
18556:
18538:
18537:
18536:
18521:1944 (Chicago)
18518:
18517:
18516:
18498:
18497:
18496:
18478:
18477:
18476:
18461:1932 (Chicago)
18458:
18457:
18456:
18438:
18437:
18436:
18418:
18417:
18416:
18401:1920 (Chicago)
18398:
18397:
18396:
18381:1916 (Chicago)
18378:
18377:
18376:
18357:1912 (Chicago)
18354:
18344:1908 (Chicago)
18341:
18331:1904 (Chicago)
18328:
18315:
18302:
18289:
18279:1888 (Chicago)
18276:
18266:1884 (Chicago)
18263:
18253:1880 (Chicago)
18250:
18237:
18224:
18214:1868 (Chicago)
18211:
18198:
18188:1860 (Chicago)
18185:
18171:
18169:
18145:
18144:
18142:
18141:
18140:
18139:
18134:
18129:
18124:
18119:
18108:
18105:
18104:
18095:
18094:
18087:
18080:
18072:
18063:
18062:
18060:
18059:
18053:
18047:
18040:
18038:
18032:
18031:
18029:
18028:
18021:
18019:
18013:
18012:
18010:
18009:
18003:
17996:
17994:
17988:
17987:
17985:
17984:
17978:
17972:
17966:
17960:
17954:
17947:
17945:
17939:
17938:
17936:
17935:
17929:
17923:
17917:
17911:
17904:
17902:
17896:
17895:
17893:
17892:
17886:
17880:
17873:
17871:
17865:
17864:
17862:
17861:
17855:
17849:
17842:
17840:
17834:
17833:
17831:
17830:
17824:
17818:
17811:
17809:
17803:
17802:
17795:
17793:
17791:
17790:
17784:
17778:
17771:
17769:
17763:
17762:
17747:
17746:
17739:
17732:
17724:
17715:
17714:
17712:
17711:
17705:
17698:
17695:
17694:
17692:
17691:
17686:
17681:
17674:
17669:
17662:
17657:
17650:
17645:
17638:
17633:
17626:
17621:
17616:
17611:
17606:
17600:
17598:
17590:
17589:
17580:
17578:
17576:
17575:
17568:
17561:
17554:
17546:
17544:
17536:
17535:
17532:
17529:
17528:
17516:
17515:
17508:
17501:
17493:
17484:
17483:
17480:
17479:
17470:
17468:
17459:
17457:
17456:
17455:(2022βpresent)
17450:
17449:(2020βpresent)
17444:
17443:(2018βpresent)
17438:
17437:(2017βpresent)
17432:
17431:(2010βpresent)
17426:
17425:(2009βpresent)
17420:
17419:(2006βpresent)
17414:
17408:
17402:
17401:(1991βpresent)
17396:
17390:
17384:
17378:
17372:
17366:
17358:
17352:
17346:
17340:
17334:
17328:
17322:
17316:
17310:
17304:
17298:
17292:
17286:
17280:
17274:
17268:
17262:
17256:
17250:
17244:
17238:
17232:
17226:
17220:
17212:
17206:
17200:
17194:
17188:
17182:
17176:
17170:
17164:
17158:
17150:
17144:
17138:
17132:
17126:
17120:
17114:
17106:
17100:
17094:
17088:
17082:
17076:
17070:
17064:
17058:
17052:
17046:
17040:
17034:
17028:
17022:
17016:
17010:
17004:
16998:
16992:
16986:
16980:
16974:
16968:
16962:
16956:
16950:
16944:
16938:
16932:
16926:
16920:
16914:
16908:
16902:
16896:
16890:
16884:
16878:
16872:
16866:
16860:
16854:
16848:
16842:
16836:
16830:
16821:
16820:
16817:
16816:
16804:
16803:
16800:
16799:
16790:
16788:
16785:
16784:
16768:
16752:
16736:
16720:
16707:Fred M. Vinson
16704:
16688:
16672:
16656:
16640:
16624:
16611:Morrison Waite
16608:
16592:
16579:Roger B. Taney
16576:
16560:
16544:
16528:
16511:
16510:
16507:
16506:
16503:Chief justices
16494:
16493:
16485:
16484:
16477:
16470:
16462:
16453:
16452:
16446:
16443:
16442:
16435:
16433:
16431:
16430:
16425:
16418:
16411:
16404:
16399:
16392:
16385:
16378:
16373:
16366:
16361:
16354:
16349:
16344:
16339:
16332:
16327:
16320:
16315:
16310:
16305:
16300:
16295:
16290:
16285:
16280:
16275:
16270:
16265:
16260:
16255:
16250:
16245:
16240:
16235:
16230:
16225:
16220:
16215:
16210:
16205:
16200:
16195:
16190:
16185:
16180:
16175:
16170:
16165:
16160:
16155:
16150:
16145:
16140:
16135:
16130:
16125:
16119:
16116:
16115:
16108:
16107:
16100:
16093:
16085:
16076:
16075:
16072:
16071:
16069:
16068:
16063:
16058:
16053:
16048:
16043:
16038:
16033:
16028:
16023:
16018:
16013:
16008:
16003:
15998:
15993:
15988:
15983:
15978:
15973:
15968:
15963:
15958:
15953:
15948:
15943:
15938:
15933:
15928:
15923:
15918:
15913:
15908:
15903:
15897:
15895:
15887:
15886:
15884:
15883:
15878:
15873:
15868:
15863:
15858:
15853:
15848:
15843:
15838:
15833:
15828:
15823:
15818:
15813:
15808:
15803:
15798:
15793:
15788:
15783:
15778:
15773:
15768:
15763:
15757:
15755:
15744:
15743:(1947βpresent)
15734:
15733:
15719:
15717:
15714:
15713:
15711:
15710:
15705:
15700:
15694:
15692:
15684:
15683:
15681:
15680:
15675:
15670:
15665:
15660:
15655:
15650:
15645:
15640:
15635:
15630:
15625:
15620:
15615:
15610:
15605:
15600:
15595:
15590:
15585:
15580:
15575:
15570:
15565:
15560:
15555:
15549:
15547:
15539:
15538:
15536:
15535:
15530:
15525:
15520:
15515:
15510:
15505:
15500:
15495:
15490:
15485:
15480:
15475:
15470:
15465:
15460:
15455:
15450:
15445:
15440:
15435:
15430:
15425:
15420:
15415:
15410:
15405:
15400:
15395:
15390:
15385:
15380:
15375:
15370:
15365:
15360:
15355:
15350:
15345:
15340:
15335:
15330:
15325:
15320:
15315:
15310:
15305:
15300:
15295:
15290:
15285:
15280:
15275:
15270:
15265:
15260:
15255:
15249:
15247:
15236:
15226:
15225:
15214:
15213:
15206:
15199:
15191:
15182:
15181:
15179:
15178:
15168:
15158:
15147:
15144:
15143:
15140:
15139:
15136:
15135:
15125:
15115:
15105:
15095:
15085:
15075:
15065:
15055:
15045:
15038:Walter Mondale
15035:
15025:
15015:
15005:
14995:
14985:
14975:
14961:
14947:
14937:
14927:
14920:Herbert Hoover
14917:
14907:
14897:
14887:
14877:
14867:
14857:
14839:
14829:
14819:
14809:
14799:
14789:
14782:Horace Greeley
14779:
14769:
14759:
14749:
14739:
14732:Winfield Scott
14729:
14719:
14709:
14699:
14689:
14679:
14661:
14651:
14644:Andrew Jackson
14641:
14631:
14624:DeWitt Clinton
14621:
14607:
14597:
14586:
14585:
14578:
14577:
14570:
14569:
14562:
14555:
14547:
14538:
14537:
14535:
14534:
14524:
14513:
14510:
14509:
14507:
14506:
14501:
14496:
14491:
14486:
14481:
14476:
14471:
14466:
14461:
14456:
14451:
14446:
14441:
14436:
14431:
14426:
14421:
14416:
14411:
14406:
14401:
14396:
14390:
14388:
14382:
14381:
14377:
14376:
14366:
14356:
14346:
14339:George W. Bush
14336:
14326:
14316:
14306:
14296:
14286:
14276:
14266:
14256:
14246:
14236:
14226:
14219:Herbert Hoover
14216:
14206:
14196:
14189:Woodrow Wilson
14186:
14176:
14166:
14156:
14146:
14136:
14126:
14116:
14106:
14096:
14086:
14079:Andrew Johnson
14076:
14066:
14059:James Buchanan
14056:
14046:
14036:
14029:Zachary Taylor
14026:
14016:
14006:
13996:
13986:
13979:Andrew Jackson
13976:
13966:
13956:
13946:
13936:
13926:
13915:
13914:
13913:
13911:
13908:Presidents and
13905:
13904:
13897:
13896:
13889:
13882:
13874:
13868:
13865:
13864:
13852:
13851:
13847:
13846:
13841:
13838:
13837:June 30, 1924
13826:
13821:
13817:
13816:
13812:
13811:
13806:
13803:
13788:
13783:
13779:
13778:
13773:
13770:
13751:
13746:
13742:
13741:
13737:
13736:
13733:Woodrow Wilson
13731:
13728:
13719:
13714:
13710:
13709:
13702:
13699:
13688:
13673:
13669:
13668:
13663:
13660:
13651:
13646:
13642:
13641:
13631:
13618:
13614:
13613:
13608:
13605:
13589:
13584:
13580:
13579:
13566:
13563:
13553:
13538:
13534:
13533:
13529:
13528:
13523:
13520:
13511:
13506:
13502:
13501:
13496:
13493:
13481:
13475:
13474:
13469:
13466:
13457:
13452:
13448:
13447:
13442:
13439:
13432:
13427:
13423:
13422:
13421:Legal offices
13416:
13413:
13412:
13400:
13399:
13397:
13396:
13385:
13384:
13377:
13369:
13366:
13365:
13363:
13362:
13354:
13346:
13340:
13335:
13329:
13327:
13323:
13322:
13320:
13319:
13313:
13307:
13301:
13295:
13289:
13283:
13277:
13271:
13265:
13259:
13253:
13247:
13240:
13238:
13232:
13231:
13229:
13228:
13223:
13218:
13213:
13207:
13205:
13201:
13200:
13198:
13197:
13192:
13187:
13182:
13177:
13172:
13167:
13162:
13157:
13155:Woodbury Point
13152:
13147:
13142:
13136:
13134:
13130:
13129:
13127:
13126:
13121:
13116:
13111:
13106:
13105:
13104:
13099:
13088:
13086:
13082:
13081:
13079:
13078:
13073:
13068:
13063:
13057:
13055:
13052:Chief Justice,
13049:
13048:
13046:
13045:
13040:
13039:
13038:
13028:
13023:
13018:
13013:
13008:
13003:
12998:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12953:
12948:
12943:
12938:
12932:
12930:
12919:
12918:
12916:
12915:
12904:
12896:
12885:
12874:
12863:
12851:
12848:
12847:
12840:
12839:
12832:
12825:
12817:
12810:
12809:
12794:
12779:
12770:
12761:
12746:
12723:
12717:
12699:
12696:
12695:
12694:
12681:
12680:Media coverage
12678:
12677:
12676:
12670:
12661:
12643:
12640:
12639:
12638:
12624:
12621:
12620:
12618:
12617:External links
12615:
12614:
12613:
12604:
12592:10.2307/793882
12586:(3): 353β362.
12568:
12561:
12554:
12543:
12527:
12516:
12510:
12497:
12486:
12475:
12454:
12453:(2nd ed. 1980)
12447:
12440:
12429:
12419:
12404:
12401:
12400:
12399:
12393:
12378:
12367:
12360:
12349:
12338:
12327:
12321:
12308:
12301:
12292:
12283:
12280:. Vol. 2.
12271:
12268:. Vol. 1.
12256:
12249:
12239:(3): 633β647.
12228:
12217:
12196:
12190:
12176:Morris, Edmund
12172:
12154:(3): 279β294.
12143:
12136:
12129:
12123:
12110:
12103:
12078:
12067:
12060:
12054:
12041:
12035:
12022:
12011:
11997:
11991:
11978:
11972:
11959:
11952:
11942:
11935:
11918:
11912:
11903:Warren Harding
11894:
11883:
11877:
11860:
11851:
11844:
11834:
11827:
11813:
11803:
11797:
11781:
11775:
11764:
11757:
11736:
11730:
11708:Main article:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11699:
11697:, p. 200.
11687:
11673:
11651:
11621:
11586:
11584:, p. 352.
11574:
11572:, p. 201.
11562:
11560:, p. 849.
11550:
11538:
11526:
11524:, p. 198.
11514:
11502:
11493:
11491:, p. 290.
11481:
11466:
11454:
11452:, p. 265.
11442:
11440:, p. 260.
11430:
11428:, p. 266.
11418:
11406:
11387:
11367:
11334:
11322:
11291:
11258:
11232:
11202:
11190:
11175:
11163:
11144:
11120:
11091:(4): 757β780.
11071:
11059:
11006:
10994:
10982:
10970:
10958:
10956:, p. 359.
10946:
10934:
10919:
10917:, p. 969.
10907:
10895:
10883:
10865:(2): 191β205.
10838:
10826:
10811:
10799:
10787:
10775:
10763:
10756:
10738:
10726:
10714:
10702:
10690:
10673:
10658:
10646:
10634:
10632:, p. 345.
10619:
10604:
10602:, p. 956.
10592:
10590:, p. 168.
10580:
10568:
10566:, p. 949.
10556:
10544:
10542:, p. 360.
10527:
10515:
10503:
10498:Newspapers.com
10465:
10453:
10448:Newspapers.com
10415:
10403:
10391:
10379:
10367:
10355:
10343:
10331:
10316:
10304:
10292:
10280:
10268:
10256:
10244:
10242:, p. 818.
10232:
10205:
10193:
10159:
10157:, p. 193.
10147:
10145:, p. 643.
10135:
10123:
10111:
10109:, p. 166.
10096:
10073:
10071:, p. 209.
10058:
10046:
10044:, p. 208.
10034:
10032:, p. 158.
10022:
10010:
10008:, p. 157.
9998:
9986:
9974:
9962:
9950:
9935:
9888:
9876:
9861:
9835:
9808:
9796:
9784:
9772:
9770:, p. 121.
9760:
9758:, p. 332.
9748:
9736:
9723:
9711:
9692:
9672:
9660:
9648:
9636:
9634:, p. 113.
9624:
9622:, p. 510.
9612:
9597:
9585:
9573:
9561:
9549:
9547:, p. 149.
9537:
9525:
9510:
9498:
9486:
9474:
9462:
9450:
9438:
9426:
9424:, p. 196.
9414:
9402:
9390:
9378:
9366:
9364:, p. 109.
9354:
9342:
9330:
9318:
9306:
9291:
9279:
9267:
9265:, p. 271.
9252:
9240:
9228:
9216:
9204:
9192:
9180:
9168:
9156:
9144:
9129:
9117:
9105:
9093:
9081:
9069:
9058:
9046:
9034:
9022:
9020:, p. 395.
9010:
8998:
8986:
8974:
8962:
8950:
8948:, p. 136.
8938:
8926:
8914:
8902:
8890:
8888:, p. 529.
8878:
8863:
8851:
8839:
8837:, p. 347.
8827:
8815:
8803:
8791:
8776:
8764:
8752:
8740:
8728:
8716:
8714:, p. 261.
8704:
8692:
8680:
8668:
8666:, p. 380.
8656:
8644:
8632:
8620:
8608:
8596:
8584:
8572:
8560:
8558:, p. 175.
8548:
8546:, p. 174.
8536:
8510:
8493:
8486:
8466:
8454:
8442:
8430:
8407:
8379:
8372:
8354:
8330:
8318:
8316:, p. 148.
8303:
8291:
8289:, p. 143.
8279:
8267:
8255:
8243:
8231:
8219:
8207:
8195:
8183:
8171:
8159:
8147:
8135:
8123:
8111:
8099:
8082:New York Times
8066:
8035:
8005:
7993:
7981:
7967:
7934:
7915:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7865:
7852:
7843:
7834:
7825:
7816:
7807:
7798:
7789:
7780:
7767:
7763:John H. Clarke
7754:
7745:
7724:
7715:
7702:
7693:
7684:
7667:
7658:
7649:
7647:, p. 188.
7636:
7634:, p. 328.
7622:
7609:
7600:
7591:
7567:
7554:
7552:, p. 119.
7541:
7532:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7510:
7505:
7498:
7495:
7467:
7464:
7412:Antonin Scalia
7377:James Buchanan
7343:
7340:
7309:lies in repose
7239:
7236:
7198:Herbert Hoover
7174:
7171:
7161:of a child of
7116:lead plaintiff
7075:Bill of Rights
7066:
7063:
7037:Andrew Johnson
6988:
6985:
6916:
6913:
6905:
6902:
6889:William R. Day
6840:
6837:
6829:
6826:
6739:, May 30, 1922
6733:Robert Lincoln
6708:
6705:
6669:
6666:
6635:Archibald Butt
6615:
6612:
6584:Woodrow Wilson
6537:1905 decision
6512:
6509:
6501:
6498:
6494:Woodrow Wilson
6488:, was in 1912
6393:Main article:
6390:
6387:
6380:JunΓpero Serra
6351:
6348:
6295:Main article:
6292:
6289:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6188:
6185:
6176:Manchu dynasty
6120:
6117:
6058:El Paso, Texas
6054:Archibald Butt
6003:
6000:
5970:annual message
5899:
5896:
5866:
5865:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:Foreign policy
5842:
5833:
5830:
5814:Philander Knox
5776:
5773:
5768:Main article:
5765:
5762:
5745:postal savings
5664:
5661:
5592:
5589:
5581:
5578:
5570:Tadasu Hayashi
5480:Philander Knox
5453:troubleshooter
5415:
5412:
5327:bled into the
5314:the commission
5287:
5284:
5273:Joseph McKenna
5178:
5175:
5120:
5117:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5037:Murat Halstead
5021:George W. Bush
4946:
4943:
4833:Woodrow Wilson
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4758:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4516:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4417:ConservAmerica
4414:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:Freedom Caucus
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4269:
4268:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4248:Judicial Watch
4245:
4240:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:Moral Majority
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4178:The Fellowship
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3992:
3987:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3755:Gateway Pundit
3751:
3744:
3737:
3734:The Federalist
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3671:Breitbart News
3667:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3617:
3616:
3606:
3599:
3592:
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3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3302:Tax Foundation
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3065:
3060:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:American Party
3019:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2922:
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2915:
2910:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2842:
2832:
2822:
2812:
2806:The Bell Curve
2802:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2672:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
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2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
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2449:
2444:
2439:
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2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:Taft (William)
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
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1740:
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1730:
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1719:
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1702:
1697:
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1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
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1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1418:
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1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1206:States' rights
1198:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:Civil religion
1156:
1151:
1149:Anti-communism
1146:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:Traditionalist
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1020:
1019:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
996:
989:
981:
978:
977:
970:
969:
964:
956:
954:
953:
948:
940:
938:
937:
936:
935:
930:
921:
920:
919:
918:
913:
902:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
853:
852:
847:
842:
837:
836:
835:
833:Taftian theory
828:Foreign policy
825:
820:
810:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
776:
775:
772:
771:
759:a series about
755:
753:
737:
736:
733:
732:
720:
710:
705:
704:
703:
702:
701:
698:
697:
690:
686:
685:
683:
682:
679:
675:
673:
669:
668:
666:
665:
653:
642:
640:
636:
635:
630:
626:
625:
623:
622:
617:
611:
609:
605:
604:
602:
601:
596:
591:
585:
583:
579:
578:
563:
557:
556:
554:
550:
549:
544:
540:
539:
534:
530:
529:
523:(aged 72)
517:
513:
512:
497:
493:
492:
488:
487:
484:
483:
478:
472:
471:
466:
460:
459:
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353:
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341:
335:
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324:
323:
317:
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311:
305:
304:
290:
284:
283:
280:
274:
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263:
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255:
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249:
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231:
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212:
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204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
174:
168:
167:
157:
156:
149:
148:
146:Woodrow Wilson
143:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
122:
121:
115:
107:
105:
102:Vice President
97:
96:
86:
85:
78:
77:
74:
73:
64:
53:
52:
51:
50:
49:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22560:
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22536:
22534:
22531:
22529:
22526:
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22516:
22514:
22511:
22509:
22506:
22504:
22501:
22499:
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22489:
22486:
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22476:
22474:
22471:
22469:
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22429:
22426:
22424:
22421:
22419:
22416:
22414:
22411:
22409:
22406:
22404:
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22399:
22396:
22394:
22391:
22389:
22386:
22384:
22381:
22379:
22376:
22374:
22371:
22369:
22366:
22364:
22361:
22359:
22356:
22354:
22351:
22349:
22346:
22344:
22341:
22339:
22336:
22334:
22331:
22329:
22326:
22324:
22321:
22319:
22316:
22314:
22311:
22309:
22306:
22304:
22301:
22299:
22296:
22295:
22293:
22283:
22282:United States
22273:
22271:
22266:
22261:
22259:
22254:
22249:
22247:
22237:
22235:
22225:
22224:
22221:
22203:
22198:
22188:
22185:
22183:
22180:
22179:
22177:
22175:
22171:
22165:
22162:
22159:
22156:
22153:
22151:
22148:
22146:
22145:Scalia (2016)
22143:
22141:
22139:
22135:
22133:
22130:
22128:
22125:
22123:
22121:
22117:
22115:
22112:
22110:
22108:
22104:
22103:
22101:
22099:
22093:
22086:
22083:
22081:
22077:
22075:
22073:
22069:
22067:
22065:
22061:
22059:
22057:
22053:
22050:
22047:
22045:
22041:
22039:
22037:
22033:
22031:
22029:
22025:
22024:
22022:
22020:
22016:
22013:
22011:
22007:
21997:
21994:
21992:
21989:
21987:
21984:
21982:
21981:Graham (2018)
21979:
21977:
21974:
21972:
21969:
21968:
21966:
21964:
21960:
21957:
21955:
21954:Lain in honor
21951:
21941:
21939:
21935:
21934:
21932:
21930:
21926:
21920:
21917:
21916:
21914:
21912:
21908:
21902:
21901:Hooper (1875)
21899:
21898:
21896:
21894:
21893:House Chamber
21890:
21884:
21881:
21878:
21875:
21872:
21870:
21867:
21866:
21864:
21862:
21858:
21852:
21849:
21847:
21844:
21842:
21839:
21836:
21833:
21831:
21827:
21825:
21824:McCain (2018)
21822:
21820:
21819:Inouye (2012)
21817:
21814:
21811:
21809:
21805:
21802:
21799:
21797:
21793:
21791:
21790:Pepper (1989)
21788:
21786:
21782:
21779:
21777:
21774:
21772:
21770:
21766:
21764:
21761:
21759:
21756:
21754:
21752:
21748:
21746:
21744:
21740:
21738:
21735:
21732:
21729:
21727:
21723:
21721:
21718:
21716:
21713:
21711:
21708:
21706:
21704:
21700:
21698:
21696:
21692:
21690:
21687:
21685:
21682:
21680:
21677:
21675:
21673:
21669:
21667:
21664:
21662:
21660:
21656:
21654:
21653:Wilson (1875)
21651:
21649:
21648:Sumner (1874)
21646:
21644:
21641:
21638:
21635:
21633:
21629:
21627:
21624:
21623:
21621:
21619:
21615:
21612:
21610:
21609:Lain in state
21606:
21602:
21597:
21592:
21588:
21584:
21583:lain in state
21576:
21571:
21569:
21564:
21562:
21557:
21556:
21553:
21541:
21538:
21536:
21532:
21529:
21528:
21525:
21515:
21514:
21509:
21507:
21506:
21501:
21500:
21498:
21496:
21492:
21486:
21485:
21480:
21478:
21477:
21472:
21471:
21469:
21467:
21463:
21458:
21454:
21449:
21445:
21435:
21434:
21429:
21427:
21426:
21421:
21420:
21418:
21414:
21411:
21409:
21408:
21403:
21393:
21392:
21391:Hiram Johnson
21387:
21386:
21383:
21382:
21377:
21376:
21374:
21370:
21367:
21364:
21359:
21358:
21353:
21343:
21340:
21338:
21335:
21334:
21332:
21328:
21322:
21321:
21317:
21314:
21313:
21309:
21306:
21303:
21302:
21297:
21296:
21294:
21290:
21287:
21284:
21279:
21278:
21273:
21263:
21260:
21258:
21255:
21253:
21250:
21248:
21247:Judson Harmon
21245:
21243:
21240:
21239:
21237:
21233:
21227:
21226:
21221:
21219:
21218:
21213:
21212:
21210:
21206:
21203:
21200:
21195:
21194:
21189:
21184:
21180:
21176:
21168:
21163:
21161:
21156:
21154:
21149:
21148:
21145:
21133:
21130:
21128:
21125:
21122:
21121:
21118:
21108:
21107:
21102:
21100:
21099:
21094:
21093:
21091:
21089:
21085:
21079:
21078:
21073:
21071:
21070:
21065:
21064:
21062:
21060:
21056:
21050:
21049:
21044:
21042:
21041:
21036:
21035:
21033:
21031:
21027:
21021:
21020:
21015:
21013:
21012:
21007:
21006:
21004:
21002:
20998:
20993:
20989:
20984:
20980:
20970:
20967:
20965:
20962:
20961:
20959:
20955:
20949:
20948:
20943:
20941:
20940:
20935:
20934:
20932:
20928:
20925:
20922:
20917:
20916:
20911:
20901:
20898:
20896:
20893:
20891:
20888:
20886:
20883:
20881:
20878:
20877:
20875:
20871:
20865:
20864:
20859:
20857:
20856:
20851:
20850:
20848:
20844:
20841:
20838:
20833:
20832:
20827:
20822:
20818:
20814:
20806:
20801:
20799:
20794:
20792:
20787:
20786:
20783:
20770:
20769:Charles Nagel
20767:
20766:
20764:
20762:
20758:
20751:
20748:
20747:
20745:
20743:
20739:
20732:
20729:
20726:
20723:
20722:
20720:
20718:
20714:
20707:
20704:
20703:
20701:
20699:
20695:
20688:
20685:
20684:
20682:
20680:
20676:
20669:
20666:
20665:
20663:
20661:
20657:
20650:
20647:
20644:
20641:
20640:
20638:
20636:
20632:
20625:
20622:
20621:
20619:
20617:
20613:
20597:
20594:
20593:
20591:
20589:
20585:
20580:
20577:
20573:
20566:
20561:
20559:
20554:
20552:
20547:
20546:
20543:
20531:
20528:
20526:
20523:
20521:
20518:
20516:
20513:
20511:
20508:
20506:
20503:
20502:
20500:
20496:
20486:
20485:The Wish List
20483:
20481:
20480:Ripon Society
20478:
20476:
20473:
20471:
20468:
20466:
20463:
20461:
20458:
20456:
20453:
20451:
20448:
20447:
20445:
20439:
20433:
20430:
20428:
20425:
20423:
20420:
20418:
20415:
20413:
20410:
20408:
20405:
20403:
20400:
20398:
20395:
20393:
20390:
20386:
20383:
20382:
20381:
20378:
20377:
20375:
20369:
20363:
20360:
20358:
20355:
20353:
20350:
20348:
20345:
20343:
20340:
20339:
20337:
20331:
20323:
20320:
20318:
20315:
20313:
20310:
20308:
20305:
20304:
20303:
20300:
20296:
20293:
20292:
20291:
20288:
20284:
20281:
20279:
20278:
20274:
20273:
20272:
20269:
20268:
20266:
20262:
20259:
20257:
20256:organizations
20251:
20241:
20238:
20236:
20233:
20231:
20228:
20226:
20223:
20221:
20218:
20216:
20213:
20212:
20210:
20206:
20200:
20197:
20195:
20192:
20190:
20189:West Virginia
20187:
20185:
20182:
20180:
20177:
20175:
20172:
20170:
20167:
20165:
20162:
20160:
20157:
20155:
20152:
20150:
20147:
20145:
20142:
20140:
20137:
20135:
20132:
20130:
20127:
20125:
20122:
20120:
20117:
20115:
20112:
20110:
20107:
20105:
20102:
20100:
20097:
20095:
20094:New Hampshire
20092:
20090:
20087:
20085:
20082:
20080:
20077:
20075:
20072:
20070:
20067:
20065:
20062:
20060:
20057:
20055:
20054:Massachusetts
20052:
20050:
20047:
20045:
20042:
20040:
20037:
20035:
20032:
20030:
20027:
20025:
20022:
20020:
20017:
20015:
20012:
20010:
20007:
20005:
20002:
20000:
19997:
19995:
19992:
19990:
19987:
19985:
19982:
19980:
19977:
19975:
19972:
19970:
19967:
19965:
19962:
19960:
19957:
19955:
19952:
19951:
19949:
19945:
19942:
19935:
19931:
19921:
19918:
19916:
19913:
19911:
19908:
19906:
19903:
19901:
19898:
19896:
19893:
19891:
19888:
19886:
19883:
19881:
19878:
19877:
19875:
19871:
19865:
19862:
19860:
19857:
19855:
19852:
19850:
19847:
19845:
19842:
19840:
19836:
19833:
19831:
19828:
19826:
19823:
19821:
19818:
19816:
19813:
19811:
19808:
19806:
19803:
19801:
19798:
19796:
19793:
19791:
19788:
19786:
19783:
19781:
19777:
19774:
19772:
19769:
19767:
19764:
19762:
19759:
19757:
19754:
19752:
19749:
19747:
19744:
19742:
19739:
19737:
19734:
19732:
19729:
19727:
19724:
19722:
19719:
19717:
19714:
19712:
19709:
19707:
19704:
19702:
19699:
19697:
19694:
19692:
19689:
19687:
19684:
19682:
19679:
19677:
19674:
19672:
19669:
19667:
19664:
19662:
19659:
19657:
19654:
19652:
19649:
19647:
19644:
19642:
19639:
19637:
19634:
19632:
19629:
19627:
19624:
19622:
19619:
19617:
19614:
19612:
19609:
19607:
19604:
19602:
19599:
19597:
19594:
19592:
19589:
19587:
19584:
19582:
19579:
19577:
19574:
19572:
19569:
19567:
19564:
19562:
19559:
19557:
19554:
19552:
19549:
19547:
19544:
19542:
19539:
19537:
19534:
19532:
19529:
19527:
19524:
19522:
19519:
19517:
19514:
19512:
19509:
19508:
19506:
19502:
19499:
19497:
19493:
19486:
19483:
19480:
19477:
19474:
19471:
19468:
19465:
19462:
19459:
19456:
19453:
19450:
19447:
19444:
19441:
19438:
19435:
19432:
19429:
19426:
19423:
19420:
19417:
19414:
19411:
19408:
19405:
19402:
19399:
19396:
19393:
19390:
19387:
19384:
19381:
19378:
19375:
19372:
19369:
19366:
19363:
19360:
19357:
19354:
19351:
19348:
19345:
19342:
19339:
19336:
19333:
19330:
19327:
19324:
19321:
19318:
19315:
19312:
19309:
19308:
19306:
19304:
19295:
19290:
19284:
19277:
19274:
19271:
19268:
19265:
19262:
19259:
19256:
19253:
19250:
19247:
19244:
19241:
19238:
19235:
19232:
19229:
19226:
19223:
19220:
19217:
19214:
19211:
19208:
19205:
19202:
19199:
19196:
19193:
19190:
19187:
19184:
19181:
19178:
19175:
19172:
19169:
19166:
19163:
19160:
19157:
19154:
19151:
19148:
19145:
19142:
19139:
19136:
19133:
19130:
19127:
19124:
19121:
19118:
19115:
19112:
19109:
19106:
19105:
19103:
19101:
19093:
19087:
19080:
19077:
19074:
19071:
19068:
19067:G. H. W. Bush
19065:
19062:
19059:
19056:
19053:
19050:
19047:
19044:
19041:
19038:
19035:
19032:
19029:
19026:
19023:
19020:
19017:
19014:
19011:
19008:
19005:
19002:
18999:
18996:
18993:
18990:
18987:
18984:
18981:
18978:
18975:
18972:
18969:
18966:
18963:
18962:
18960:
18958:
18954:
18950:
18944:
18943:
18939:
18935:
18932:
18931:
18930:
18926:
18922:
18919:
18915:
18912:
18911:
18910:
18906:
18902:
18899:
18895:
18892:
18891:
18890:
18886:
18882:
18879:
18875:
18872:
18871:
18870:
18866:
18862:
18859:
18855:
18852:
18851:
18850:
18846:
18842:
18839:
18835:
18832:
18831:
18830:
18826:
18822:
18819:
18815:
18812:
18811:
18810:
18806:
18802:
18799:
18795:
18792:
18791:
18790:
18786:
18782:
18779:
18775:
18772:
18771:
18770:
18766:
18765:G. H. W. Bush
18762:
18759:
18755:
18752:
18751:
18750:
18746:
18745:G. H. W. Bush
18742:
18739:
18735:
18732:
18731:
18730:
18729:G. H. W. Bush
18726:
18722:
18721:1984 (Dallas)
18719:
18715:
18712:
18711:
18710:
18709:G. H. W. Bush
18706:
18702:
18699:
18695:
18692:
18691:
18690:
18686:
18682:
18679:
18675:
18672:
18671:
18670:
18666:
18662:
18659:
18655:
18652:
18651:
18650:
18646:
18642:
18639:
18635:
18632:
18631:
18630:
18626:
18622:
18619:
18615:
18612:
18611:
18610:
18606:
18602:
18599:
18595:
18592:
18591:
18590:
18586:
18582:
18579:
18575:
18572:
18571:
18570:
18566:
18562:
18559:
18555:
18552:
18551:
18550:
18546:
18542:
18539:
18535:
18532:
18531:
18530:
18526:
18522:
18519:
18515:
18512:
18511:
18510:
18506:
18502:
18499:
18495:
18492:
18491:
18490:
18486:
18482:
18479:
18475:
18472:
18471:
18470:
18466:
18462:
18459:
18455:
18452:
18451:
18450:
18446:
18442:
18439:
18435:
18432:
18431:
18430:
18426:
18422:
18419:
18415:
18412:
18411:
18410:
18406:
18402:
18399:
18395:
18392:
18391:
18390:
18386:
18382:
18379:
18375:
18372:
18371:
18370:
18366:
18362:
18358:
18355:
18353:
18349:
18345:
18342:
18340:
18336:
18332:
18329:
18327:
18323:
18319:
18316:
18314:
18310:
18306:
18303:
18301:
18297:
18293:
18290:
18288:
18284:
18280:
18277:
18275:
18271:
18267:
18264:
18262:
18258:
18254:
18251:
18249:
18245:
18241:
18238:
18236:
18232:
18228:
18225:
18223:
18219:
18215:
18212:
18210:
18206:
18202:
18199:
18197:
18193:
18189:
18186:
18184:
18180:
18176:
18173:
18172:
18170:
18168:
18159:
18152:
18146:
18138:
18135:
18133:
18130:
18128:
18125:
18123:
18120:
18118:
18115:
18114:
18113:
18110:
18109:
18106:
18102:
18093:
18088:
18086:
18081:
18079:
18074:
18073:
18070:
18057:
18054:
18051:
18048:
18045:
18042:
18041:
18039:
18037:
18033:
18026:
18023:
18022:
18020:
18018:
18014:
18007:
18004:
18001:
17998:
17997:
17995:
17993:
17989:
17982:
17979:
17976:
17973:
17970:
17967:
17964:
17961:
17958:
17955:
17952:
17949:
17948:
17946:
17944:
17940:
17933:
17930:
17927:
17924:
17921:
17918:
17915:
17912:
17909:
17906:
17905:
17903:
17901:
17897:
17890:
17887:
17884:
17881:
17878:
17875:
17874:
17872:
17870:
17866:
17859:
17856:
17853:
17850:
17847:
17844:
17843:
17841:
17839:
17835:
17828:
17825:
17822:
17819:
17816:
17815:Lyman J. Gage
17813:
17812:
17810:
17808:
17804:
17788:
17785:
17782:
17779:
17776:
17773:
17772:
17770:
17768:
17764:
17759:
17756:
17752:
17745:
17740:
17738:
17733:
17731:
17726:
17725:
17722:
17709:
17706:
17700:
17699:
17696:
17690:
17687:
17685:
17682:
17680:
17679:
17675:
17673:
17670:
17668:
17667:
17663:
17661:
17658:
17656:
17655:
17651:
17649:
17646:
17644:
17643:
17639:
17637:
17634:
17632:
17631:
17627:
17625:
17622:
17620:
17617:
17615:
17612:
17610:
17607:
17605:
17602:
17601:
17599:
17595:
17591:
17585:
17573:
17569:
17566:
17562:
17559:
17555:
17552:
17548:
17547:
17545:
17541:
17537:
17530:
17526:
17522:
17514:
17509:
17507:
17502:
17500:
17495:
17494:
17491:
17474:
17464:
17454:
17451:
17448:
17445:
17442:
17439:
17436:
17433:
17430:
17427:
17424:
17421:
17418:
17415:
17412:
17409:
17406:
17403:
17400:
17397:
17394:
17391:
17388:
17385:
17382:
17379:
17376:
17373:
17370:
17367:
17364:* (1972β1986)
17363:
17359:
17356:
17353:
17350:
17347:
17344:
17341:
17338:
17335:
17332:
17329:
17326:
17323:
17320:
17317:
17314:
17311:
17308:
17305:
17302:
17299:
17296:
17293:
17290:
17287:
17284:
17281:
17278:
17275:
17272:
17269:
17266:
17263:
17260:
17257:
17254:
17251:
17248:
17245:
17242:
17239:
17236:
17233:
17230:
17227:
17224:
17221:
17218:* (1925β1941)
17217:
17213:
17210:
17207:
17204:
17201:
17198:
17195:
17192:
17189:
17186:
17183:
17180:
17177:
17174:
17171:
17168:
17165:
17162:
17159:
17156:* (1910β1916)
17155:
17151:
17148:
17145:
17142:
17139:
17136:
17133:
17130:
17127:
17124:
17121:
17118:
17115:
17112:* (1894β1910)
17111:
17107:
17104:
17101:
17098:
17095:
17092:
17089:
17086:
17083:
17080:
17077:
17074:
17071:
17068:
17065:
17062:
17059:
17056:
17053:
17050:
17047:
17044:
17041:
17038:
17035:
17032:
17029:
17026:
17023:
17020:
17017:
17014:
17011:
17008:
17005:
17002:
16999:
16996:
16993:
16990:
16987:
16984:
16981:
16978:
16975:
16972:
16969:
16966:
16963:
16960:
16957:
16954:
16951:
16948:
16945:
16942:
16939:
16936:
16933:
16930:
16927:
16924:
16921:
16918:
16915:
16912:
16909:
16906:
16903:
16900:
16897:
16894:
16891:
16888:
16885:
16882:
16879:
16876:
16873:
16870:
16867:
16864:
16861:
16858:
16855:
16852:
16849:
16846:
16843:
16840:
16837:
16834:
16831:
16828:* (1790β1791)
16827:
16823:
16822:
16818:
16814:
16809:
16805:
16794:
16782:
16781:
16776:
16772:
16769:
16766:
16765:
16760:
16756:
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16568:
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16563:John Marshall
16561:
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16548:
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16536:
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16531:John Rutledge
16529:
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15096:
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15089:
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15079:
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15073:
15069:
15066:
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15046:
15043:
15039:
15036:
15033:
15029:
15026:
15023:
15019:
15016:
15013:
15009:
15006:
15003:
14999:
14996:
14993:
14989:
14986:
14983:
14979:
14978:Richard Nixon
14976:
14973:
14969:
14965:
14962:
14959:
14955:
14951:
14948:
14945:
14941:
14938:
14935:
14931:
14928:
14925:
14921:
14918:
14915:
14911:
14908:
14905:
14901:
14900:John W. Davis
14898:
14895:
14891:
14888:
14885:
14881:
14878:
14875:
14871:
14868:
14865:
14861:
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14810:
14807:
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14800:
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14773:
14770:
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14763:
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14757:
14753:
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14707:
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14677:
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14608:
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14598:
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14591:
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14587:
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14579:
14575:
14568:
14563:
14561:
14556:
14554:
14549:
14548:
14545:
14533:
14525:
14523:
14515:
14514:
14511:
14505:
14502:
14500:
14497:
14495:
14492:
14490:
14487:
14485:
14482:
14480:
14479:G. H. W. Bush
14477:
14475:
14472:
14470:
14467:
14465:
14462:
14460:
14457:
14455:
14454:L. B. Johnson
14452:
14450:
14447:
14445:
14442:
14440:
14437:
14435:
14432:
14430:
14427:
14425:
14422:
14420:
14417:
14415:
14412:
14410:
14407:
14405:
14402:
14400:
14397:
14395:
14392:
14391:
14389:
14383:
14374:
14370:
14367:
14364:
14360:
14357:
14354:
14350:
14347:
14344:
14340:
14337:
14334:
14330:
14327:
14324:
14320:
14317:
14314:
14310:
14309:Ronald Reagan
14307:
14304:
14300:
14297:
14294:
14290:
14287:
14284:
14280:
14279:Richard Nixon
14277:
14274:
14270:
14267:
14264:
14260:
14257:
14254:
14250:
14247:
14244:
14240:
14237:
14234:
14230:
14227:
14224:
14220:
14217:
14214:
14210:
14207:
14204:
14200:
14197:
14194:
14190:
14187:
14184:
14180:
14177:
14174:
14170:
14167:
14164:
14160:
14157:
14154:
14150:
14147:
14144:
14140:
14137:
14134:
14130:
14127:
14124:
14120:
14117:
14114:
14110:
14107:
14104:
14100:
14097:
14094:
14090:
14087:
14084:
14080:
14077:
14074:
14070:
14067:
14064:
14060:
14057:
14054:
14050:
14047:
14044:
14040:
14037:
14034:
14030:
14027:
14024:
14020:
14019:James K. Polk
14017:
14014:
14010:
14007:
14004:
14000:
13997:
13994:
13990:
13987:
13984:
13980:
13977:
13974:
13970:
13967:
13964:
13960:
13957:
13954:
13950:
13949:James Madison
13947:
13944:
13940:
13937:
13934:
13930:
13927:
13924:
13920:
13917:
13916:
13912:
13906:
13902:
13895:
13890:
13888:
13883:
13881:
13876:
13875:
13872:
13866:
13859:
13844:
13835:
13834:
13833:
13824:
13818:
13813:
13809:
13800:
13799:
13794:
13786:
13780:
13776:
13769:
13765:
13761:
13759:
13756:
13749:
13743:
13738:
13734:
13725:
13724:
13717:
13711:
13705:
13696:
13693:
13686:
13685:
13684:
13676:
13670:
13666:
13657:
13656:
13649:
13643:
13638:
13637:
13634:Chair of the
13629:
13628:
13627:
13615:
13611:
13604:
13603:
13595:
13594:
13587:
13581:
13577:
13576:
13575:
13560:
13559:
13556:Chair of the
13551:
13550:
13549:
13541:
13535:
13530:
13526:
13517:
13516:
13509:
13503:
13499:
13490:
13488:
13485:Judge of the
13480:
13476:
13472:
13463:
13462:
13455:
13449:
13445:
13436:
13430:
13429:Judson Harmon
13424:
13419:
13414:
13407:
13395:
13387:
13386:
13383:
13382:
13378:
13376:
13375:
13371:
13370:
13367:
13360:
13359:
13355:
13352:
13351:
13347:
13344:
13343:Pauline Wayne
13341:
13339:
13336:
13334:
13331:
13330:
13328:
13324:
13317:
13314:
13311:
13308:
13305:
13302:
13299:
13296:
13293:
13290:
13287:
13286:Alphonso Taft
13284:
13281:
13278:
13275:
13272:
13269:
13266:
13263:
13260:
13257:
13254:
13251:
13248:
13245:
13242:
13241:
13239:
13237:
13233:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13217:
13214:
13212:
13209:
13208:
13206:
13202:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13186:
13183:
13181:
13178:
13176:
13175:Taft, Montana
13173:
13171:
13168:
13166:
13163:
13161:
13158:
13156:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13146:
13143:
13141:
13138:
13137:
13135:
13131:
13125:
13122:
13120:
13117:
13115:
13112:
13110:
13107:
13103:
13100:
13098:
13095:
13094:
13093:
13090:
13089:
13087:
13085:Other actions
13083:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13058:
13056:
13054:Supreme Court
13050:
13044:
13041:
13037:
13036:Supreme Court
13034:
13033:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12947:
12944:
12942:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12933:
12931:
12929:
12924:
12920:
12912:
12909:
12905:
12901:
12897:
12893:
12890:
12886:
12882:
12879:
12875:
12871:
12868:
12864:
12860:
12857:
12853:
12852:
12849:
12845:
12838:
12833:
12831:
12826:
12824:
12819:
12818:
12815:
12807:
12802:
12798:
12795:
12787:
12783:
12780:
12778:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12747:
12744:
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12734:
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12727:
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12718:
12716:
12712:
12708:
12705:
12702:
12701:
12693:
12692:
12687:
12684:
12683:
12674:
12671:
12669:
12665:
12662:
12660:
12656:
12652:
12649:
12646:
12645:
12637:
12633:
12630:
12627:
12626:
12610:
12605:
12601:
12597:
12593:
12589:
12585:
12581:
12577:
12573:
12569:
12566:
12562:
12559:
12555:
12552:
12548:
12544:
12540:
12536:
12532:
12528:
12525:
12521:
12517:
12513:
12507:
12503:
12498:
12495:
12491:
12487:
12484:
12480:
12476:
12472:
12468:
12464:
12460:
12455:
12452:
12448:
12445:
12441:
12438:
12434:
12430:
12428:
12424:
12420:
12416:
12412:
12407:
12406:
12403:Supreme Court
12396:
12390:
12386:
12385:
12379:
12376:
12372:
12368:
12365:
12361:
12358:
12354:
12350:
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12324:
12318:
12314:
12309:
12306:
12302:
12298:
12293:
12291:
12287:
12284:
12279:
12278:
12272:
12267:
12266:
12261:
12257:
12254:
12250:
12246:
12242:
12238:
12234:
12229:
12226:
12222:
12218:
12214:
12210:
12206:
12202:
12197:
12193:
12187:
12183:
12182:
12177:
12173:
12169:
12165:
12161:
12157:
12153:
12149:
12144:
12141:
12137:
12134:
12130:
12126:
12120:
12116:
12111:
12108:
12104:
12100:
12096:
12092:
12088:
12084:
12079:
12076:
12072:
12071:The Historian
12068:
12065:
12061:
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12051:
12047:
12042:
12038:
12032:
12028:
12023:
12020:
12016:
12012:
12009:
12005:
12001:
11998:
11994:
11988:
11984:
11979:
11975:
11969:
11965:
11960:
11957:
11953:
11951:
11947:
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11940:
11936:
11934:
11930:
11927:
11923:
11919:
11915:
11909:
11905:
11904:
11899:
11898:Dean, John W.
11895:
11892:
11888:
11884:
11880:
11878:9780700600960
11874:
11869:
11868:
11861:
11857:
11852:
11849:
11845:
11843:
11839:
11835:
11832:
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11808:
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11794:
11790:
11786:
11782:
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11776:
11773:
11769:
11765:
11762:
11758:
11754:
11750:
11746:
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11737:
11733:
11727:
11722:
11721:
11714:
11713:
11711:
11696:
11691:
11676:
11670:
11665:
11664:
11655:
11639:
11635:
11631:
11625:
11609:
11605:
11601:
11597:
11590:
11583:
11582:Anderson 2000
11578:
11571:
11566:
11559:
11554:
11547:
11542:
11535:
11530:
11523:
11518:
11511:
11506:
11497:
11490:
11485:
11478:
11477:Anderson 1982
11473:
11471:
11463:
11458:
11451:
11446:
11439:
11434:
11427:
11422:
11415:
11410:
11394:
11390:
11388:9781551521077
11384:
11380:
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11371:
11355:
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11310:
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11265:
11263:
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11236:
11225:September 20,
11220:
11216:
11212:
11206:
11199:
11198:Anderson 2000
11194:
11187:
11186:Pringle vol 2
11182:
11180:
11172:
11171:Pringle vol 2
11167:
11151:
11147:
11141:
11137:
11133:
11132:
11124:
11116:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11098:
11094:
11090:
11086:
11082:
11075:
11068:
11067:Pringle vol 2
11063:
11055:
11051:
11047:
11043:
11039:
11035:
11031:
11027:
11023:
11022:
11017:
11010:
11003:
10998:
10991:
10990:Pringle vol 2
10986:
10979:
10978:Pringle vol 2
10974:
10967:
10962:
10955:
10950:
10943:
10942:Pringle vol 2
10938:
10932:, p. 36.
10931:
10926:
10924:
10916:
10915:Pringle vol 2
10911:
10904:
10903:Pringle vol 2
10899:
10893:, p. 38.
10892:
10887:
10868:
10864:
10860:
10853:
10851:
10842:
10835:
10834:Pringle vol 2
10830:
10824:, p. 96.
10823:
10818:
10816:
10808:
10803:
10796:
10795:Pringle vol 2
10791:
10784:
10779:
10772:
10767:
10759:
10753:
10749:
10742:
10735:
10734:Pringle vol 2
10730:
10724:, p. 92.
10723:
10718:
10711:
10706:
10699:
10694:
10688:, p. 37.
10687:
10682:
10680:
10678:
10670:
10665:
10663:
10655:
10650:
10643:
10638:
10631:
10630:Anderson 2000
10626:
10624:
10616:
10615:Pringle vol 2
10611:
10609:
10601:
10600:Pringle vol 2
10596:
10589:
10584:
10577:
10572:
10565:
10564:Pringle vol 2
10560:
10553:
10548:
10541:
10536:
10534:
10532:
10524:
10519:
10512:
10507:
10499:
10487:
10483:
10482:
10476:
10469:
10462:
10457:
10449:
10437:
10433:
10432:
10426:
10419:
10412:
10411:Pringle vol 2
10407:
10400:
10395:
10388:
10383:
10376:
10375:Pringle vol 2
10371:
10364:
10359:
10352:
10347:
10341:, p. 14.
10340:
10335:
10329:, p. 27.
10328:
10327:Anderson 1982
10323:
10321:
10313:
10312:Pringle vol 2
10308:
10301:
10296:
10289:
10284:
10277:
10276:Pringle vol 2
10272:
10265:
10260:
10253:
10252:Pringle vol 2
10248:
10241:
10240:Pringle vol 2
10236:
10228:
10224:
10220:
10216:
10209:
10202:
10197:
10181:
10177:
10173:
10166:
10164:
10156:
10155:Anderson 1973
10151:
10144:
10139:
10132:
10127:
10121:, p. 72.
10120:
10115:
10108:
10103:
10101:
10094:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10077:
10070:
10065:
10063:
10055:
10050:
10043:
10038:
10031:
10026:
10019:
10018:Anderson 1973
10014:
10007:
10002:
9995:
9990:
9983:
9978:
9971:
9966:
9959:
9954:
9947:
9942:
9940:
9931:
9927:
9923:
9919:
9915:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9899:
9892:
9885:
9880:
9873:
9872:Pringle vol 2
9868:
9866:
9849:
9845:
9839:
9822:
9818:
9812:
9805:
9804:Anderson 2000
9800:
9793:
9788:
9781:
9776:
9769:
9764:
9757:
9756:Anderson 2000
9752:
9746:, p. 28.
9745:
9740:
9733:
9727:
9721:, p. 30.
9720:
9715:
9704:September 26,
9699:
9695:
9689:
9685:
9684:
9676:
9669:
9668:Pringle vol 1
9664:
9658:, p. 94.
9657:
9652:
9645:
9644:Pringle vol 1
9640:
9633:
9628:
9621:
9620:Pringle vol 1
9616:
9609:
9604:
9602:
9594:
9589:
9582:
9581:Pringle vol 1
9577:
9570:
9565:
9558:
9553:
9546:
9541:
9534:
9529:
9522:
9517:
9515:
9507:
9502:
9495:
9490:
9483:
9478:
9471:
9466:
9459:
9454:
9447:
9442:
9435:
9430:
9423:
9418:
9411:
9406:
9399:
9394:
9387:
9386:Anderson 1973
9382:
9375:
9370:
9363:
9358:
9351:
9346:
9339:
9334:
9327:
9322:
9315:
9310:
9303:
9298:
9296:
9289:, p. 72.
9288:
9283:
9277:, p. 70.
9276:
9271:
9264:
9263:Anderson 1973
9259:
9257:
9249:
9244:
9237:
9236:Pringle vol 2
9232:
9225:
9220:
9213:
9208:
9201:
9200:Anderson 1973
9196:
9189:
9184:
9177:
9172:
9165:
9160:
9153:
9152:Anderson 1973
9148:
9141:
9136:
9134:
9127:, p. 25.
9126:
9121:
9115:, p. 71.
9114:
9113:Anderson 1973
9109:
9103:, p. 68.
9102:
9101:Anderson 1973
9097:
9090:
9085:
9079:, p. 60.
9078:
9077:Anderson 1973
9073:
9062:
9056:, p. 50.
9055:
9050:
9043:
9042:Pringle vol 1
9038:
9032:, p. 45.
9031:
9026:
9019:
9018:Pringle vol 1
9014:
9007:
9006:Pringle vol 1
9002:
8996:, p. 19.
8995:
8990:
8984:, p. 58.
8983:
8982:Anderson 1973
8978:
8972:, p. 57.
8971:
8970:Anderson 1973
8966:
8959:
8958:Pringle vol 1
8954:
8947:
8942:
8935:
8934:Pringle vol 1
8930:
8923:
8918:
8912:, p. 45.
8911:
8910:Anderson 1973
8906:
8899:
8894:
8887:
8882:
8875:
8870:
8868:
8861:, p. 15.
8860:
8855:
8848:
8847:Pringle vol 1
8843:
8836:
8835:Pringle vol 1
8831:
8824:
8819:
8812:
8811:Pringle vol 1
8807:
8800:
8799:Pringle vol 1
8795:
8789:, p. 37.
8788:
8787:Anderson 1973
8783:
8781:
8773:
8768:
8761:
8756:
8749:
8744:
8737:
8736:Pringle vol 1
8732:
8726:, p. 67.
8725:
8720:
8713:
8712:Pringle vol 1
8708:
8701:
8700:Pringle vol 1
8696:
8689:
8688:Pringle vol 1
8684:
8677:
8676:Pringle vol 1
8672:
8665:
8660:
8653:
8648:
8642:, p. 64.
8641:
8636:
8629:
8624:
8617:
8616:Pringle vol 1
8612:
8605:
8604:Pringle vol 1
8600:
8593:
8588:
8581:
8576:
8570:, p. 50.
8569:
8564:
8557:
8556:Pringle vol 1
8552:
8545:
8544:Pringle vol 1
8540:
8524:
8520:
8514:
8506:
8505:
8497:
8489:
8483:
8479:
8478:
8470:
8464:, p. 44.
8463:
8458:
8451:
8446:
8439:
8438:Pringle vol 1
8434:
8428:
8424:
8421:
8417:
8411:
8403:
8399:
8398:
8390:
8383:
8375:
8369:
8365:
8358:
8351:
8347:
8344:
8340:
8334:
8327:
8326:Pringle vol 1
8322:
8315:
8314:Pringle vol 1
8310:
8308:
8301:, p. 23.
8300:
8295:
8288:
8287:Pringle vol 1
8283:
8276:
8271:
8264:
8259:
8252:
8251:Pringle vol 1
8247:
8241:, p. 27.
8240:
8235:
8228:
8227:Pringle vol 1
8223:
8216:
8215:Pringle vol 1
8211:
8204:
8203:Pringle vol 1
8199:
8192:
8187:
8180:
8179:Pringle vol 1
8175:
8168:
8167:Pringle vol 1
8163:
8156:
8151:
8144:
8143:Pringle vol 1
8139:
8132:
8131:Pringle vol 1
8127:
8120:
8119:Pringle vol 1
8115:
8108:
8103:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8073:
8071:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8039:
8023:
8019:
8015:
8009:
8002:
7997:
7990:
7985:
7970:
7964:
7959:
7958:
7949:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7939:
7922:
7918:
7916:9781608717446
7912:
7908:
7907:
7899:
7895:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7869:
7862:
7856:
7847:
7838:
7829:
7820:
7811:
7802:
7793:
7784:
7777:
7771:
7764:
7758:
7749:
7742:
7738:
7734:
7733:Hiram Johnson
7728:
7719:
7712:
7706:
7697:
7688:
7681:
7677:
7671:
7662:
7653:
7646:
7640:
7633:
7632:Anderson 2000
7626:
7619:
7613:
7604:
7595:
7588:
7584:
7583:George Shiras
7580:
7576:
7571:
7564:
7558:
7551:
7550:Pringle vol 1
7545:
7536:
7529:
7523:
7519:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7462:
7459:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7423:
7419:
7417:
7413:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7400:James Madison
7397:
7388:
7384:
7382:
7381:Autobiography
7378:
7372:
7368:
7366:
7361:
7353:
7348:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7314:
7310:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7294:
7288:
7285:
7280:
7272:
7267:
7263:
7261:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7235:
7233:
7229:
7223:
7221:
7217:
7216:
7209:
7207:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7194:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7160:
7156:
7155:
7149:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7121:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7101:
7097:
7094:
7090:
7086:
7085:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7071:incorporation
7062:
7059:
7055:
7054:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7025:
7024:
7014:
7010:
7008:
7004:
7000:
6999:Insular Cases
6997:. One of the
6996:
6995:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6942:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6911:
6904:Jurisprudence
6901:
6899:
6895:
6890:
6886:
6881:
6879:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6845:
6835:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6798:
6796:
6795:major general
6792:
6788:
6784:
6779:
6777:
6772:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6725:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6704:
6702:
6697:
6689:
6685:
6683:
6674:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6649:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6636:
6626:
6621:
6611:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6560:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6546:
6545:Roger Taney's
6542:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6524:
6523:
6517:
6507:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6470:
6468:
6467:Mahlon Pitney
6465:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6433:
6430:
6426:
6425:Rufus Peckham
6422:
6418:
6410:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6368:
6365:
6361:
6356:
6347:
6345:
6339:
6337:
6332:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6298:
6288:
6286:
6280:
6276:
6274:
6273:Panic of 1907
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6219:
6217:
6211:
6207:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6198:Whitelaw Reid
6195:
6184:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6116:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6042:Porfirio DΓaz
6035:
6034:Porfirio DΓaz
6030:
6026:
6024:
6019:
6015:
6009:
6002:Latin America
5999:
5997:
5996:Robert Borden
5993:
5989:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5971:
5962:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5948:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5912:protectionism
5904:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5881:
5872:
5868:
5860:
5841:
5839:
5829:
5828:rule of law.
5825:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5799:
5796:
5787:
5782:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5753:
5750:
5749:Carrie Nation
5746:
5741:
5733:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5718:
5717:legislation.
5715:
5711:
5707:
5703:
5702:gold standard
5699:
5698:Panic of 1907
5695:
5692:, subject to
5691:
5686:
5685:Sagamore Hill
5677:
5673:
5671:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5612:
5610:
5602:
5597:
5587:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5538:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5435:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5420:George Shiras
5411:
5409:
5408:Pope Leo XIII
5405:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5375:McKinley was
5373:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5362:Miguel Malvar
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5283:
5281:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5224:
5222:
5221:Henry Pringle
5218:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5204:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5177:Federal judge
5174:
5172:
5171:Sixth Circuit
5168:
5164:
5159:
5157:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5133:
5131:
5126:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5084:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4978:Louise Torrey
4975:
4974:Alphonso Taft
4971:
4967:
4955:
4951:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4860:Alphonso Taft
4857:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4787:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4770:
4759:
4756:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4700:Cuckservative
4697:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4590:Radical right
4588:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
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4301:
4300:
4299:Miscellaneous
4294:
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4281:
4279:
4276:
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4264:
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3898:
3897:Evie Magazine
3895:
3893:
3890:
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3885:
3884:
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3882:
3876:
3875:
3874:WorldNetDaily
3871:
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3728:
3727:Drudge Report
3724:
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3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3696:
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3685:Campus Reform
3682:
3680:
3679:
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3672:
3668:
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3600:
3598:
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3590:
3589:Spectator USA
3586:
3581:
3580:
3579:Policy Review
3576:
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3407:
3406:
3405:
3399:
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3392:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3380:The Spotlight
3377:
3375:
3374:
3373:New York Post
3370:
3368:
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3360:
3356:
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3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:Ripon Society
3275:
3273:
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3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
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3024:
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3014:
3013:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2978:Border crisis
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2963:Homeschooling
2961:
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2798:
2797:
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2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:Losing Ground
2773:
2768:
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2763:
2758:
2757:
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2748:
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2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
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2538:
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2530:
2528:
2527:Mellon Scaife
2525:
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2518:
2515:
2513:
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2498:
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2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
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1989:
1987:
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1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Taft (Robert)
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
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1473:
1471:
1468:
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1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:Intellectuals
1416:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
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1358:
1356:
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1338:
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1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
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1321:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:Republicanism
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Law and order
1233:
1231:
1230:Individualism
1228:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1196:Family values
1194:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:Compassionate
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
988:
983:
982:
980:
979:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
922:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
906:
905:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
824:
821:
818:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
768:
754:
751:
747:
746:
743:
742:
734:
724:
708:
699:
695:
691:
687:
680:
677:
676:
674:
670:
662:
658:
654:
651:
647:
644:
643:
641:
637:
634:
631:
627:
621:
620:Louise Torrey
618:
616:
615:Alphonso Taft
613:
612:
610:
606:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
584:
580:
560:
555:
551:
548:
545:
541:
538:
535:
533:Resting place
531:
527:
519:March 8, 1930
518:
514:
510:
498:
494:
489:
485:
482:
479:
473:
470:
467:
461:
457:
453:
447:
442:
439:
434:
431:
428:
422:
418:
412:
409:
406:
400:
394:
389:
386:
383:Judge of the
381:
378:
375:
369:
365:
364:
357:
354:
348:
345:
342:
336:
330:
325:
322:
318:
315:
312:
306:
302:
301:
294:
291:
285:
281:
275:
269:
264:
261:
256:
253:
250:
244:
241:
238:
232:
228:
224:
218:
213:
210:
205:
202:
199:
193:
190:
187:
181:
178:
175:
169:
163:
158:
155:
150:
147:
144:
138:
135:
132:
126:
119:
116:
112:
109:
108:
106:
103:
98:
92:
87:
84:
79:
75:
57:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
22201:
22137:
22119:
22106:
22079:
22071:
22063:
22055:
22043:
22035:
22027:
21991:Evans (2021)
21976:Parks (2005)
21937:
21919:Brown (1996)
21883:Young (2022)
21841:Lewis (2020)
21829:
21807:
21795:
21768:
21750:
21742:
21725:
21702:
21701:
21694:
21684:Dewey (1917)
21671:
21666:Logan (1886)
21658:
21631:
21581:Individuals
21530:
21511:VP nominee:
21510:
21502:
21482:VP nominee:
21481:
21473:
21430:
21422:
21405:
21388:
21378:
21355:
21318:
21310:
21307:
21300:
21298:
21275:
21222:
21214:
21191:
21183:→ 1916
21175:← 1908
21123:
21104:VP nominee:
21103:
21095:
21075:VP nominee:
21074:
21066:
21046:VP nominee:
21045:
21037:
21017:VP nominee:
21016:
21008:
20947:John W. Kern
20944:
20936:
20913:
20860:
20854:
20852:
20829:
20821:→ 1912
20813:← 1904
20750:James Wilson
20578:
20515:Bibliography
20275:
20154:South Dakota
20144:Rhode Island
20139:Pennsylvania
20119:North Dakota
18953:Presidential
18940:
18861:2012 (Tampa)
18360:
18347:
18165:presidential
18149:Presidential
18056:Oscar Straus
18025:James Wilson
17920:Robert Wynne
17851:
17787:Robert Bacon
17707:
17676:
17664:
17652:
17640:
17628:
17603:
17462:
17161:Van Devanter
17049:J. M. Harlan
16778:
16775:2005βpresent
16771:John Roberts
16762:
16746:
16730:
16714:
16698:
16682:
16666:
16658:
16650:
16634:
16618:
16602:
16586:
16570:
16554:
16538:
16522:
16448:
16420:
16413:
16406:
16394:
16387:
16380:
16368:
16356:
16334:
16322:
16147:
15916:A. Alexander
15821:C. Alexander
15608:Breckinridge
15462:
15128:Donald Trump
15028:Jimmy Carter
14890:James M. Cox
14869:
14404:T. Roosevelt
14373:2021βpresent
14359:Donald Trump
14349:Barack Obama
14329:Bill Clinton
14299:Jimmy Carter
14178:
13959:James Monroe
13910:presidencies
13831:
13828:
13790:
13753:
13721:
13690:
13680:
13679:
13653:
13633:
13623:
13622:
13602:Adna Chaffee
13600:
13591:
13571:
13570:
13555:
13545:
13544:
13513:
13483:
13478:
13459:
13434:
13379:
13372:
13356:
13348:
13333:Billy Possum
13195:San Antonio)
13165:Bibliography
12843:
12749:
12740:
12689:
12608:
12583:
12579:
12572:Warren, Earl
12564:
12557:
12546:
12538:
12534:
12519:
12501:
12489:
12478:
12465:(1): 35β39.
12462:
12458:
12450:
12443:
12432:
12422:
12414:
12410:
12383:
12370:
12363:
12352:
12341:
12330:
12312:
12304:
12296:
12285:
12276:
12264:
12252:
12236:
12232:
12220:
12204:
12200:
12181:Theodore Rex
12180:
12151:
12147:
12139:
12132:
12114:
12106:
12090:
12086:
12070:
12063:
12045:
12026:
12014:
12003:
11982:
11963:
11955:
11945:
11938:
11921:
11902:
11886:
11866:
11855:
11847:
11837:
11830:
11825:vol 2 online
11821:vol 1 online
11816:
11806:
11788:
11767:
11760:
11747:(1): 26β33.
11744:
11740:
11719:
11690:
11680:February 26,
11678:. Retrieved
11662:
11654:
11642:. Retrieved
11638:the original
11624:
11614:February 26,
11612:. Retrieved
11599:
11589:
11577:
11570:Coletta 1989
11565:
11553:
11546:Coletta 1989
11541:
11529:
11517:
11510:Coletta 1973
11505:
11496:
11489:Coletta 1973
11484:
11462:Coletta 1973
11457:
11450:Coletta 1973
11445:
11438:Coletta 1973
11433:
11426:Coletta 1973
11421:
11414:Coletta 1973
11409:
11399:November 16,
11397:. Retrieved
11377:
11370:
11360:December 28,
11358:. Retrieved
11347:
11337:
11325:
11315:February 24,
11313:. Retrieved
11309:the original
11304:
11294:
11284:February 24,
11282:. Retrieved
11278:the original
11273:
11251:September 1,
11249:. Retrieved
11235:
11223:. Retrieved
11214:
11205:
11193:
11166:
11154:. Retrieved
11130:
11123:
11088:
11084:
11074:
11062:
11054:the original
11025:
11019:
11009:
10997:
10985:
10973:
10961:
10949:
10937:
10910:
10898:
10886:
10874:. Retrieved
10862:
10858:
10849:
10841:
10829:
10802:
10790:
10782:
10778:
10766:
10747:
10741:
10729:
10717:
10705:
10693:
10649:
10637:
10595:
10583:
10571:
10559:
10547:
10518:
10506:
10496:– via
10490:. Retrieved
10479:
10468:
10456:
10446:– via
10440:. Retrieved
10429:
10418:
10406:
10394:
10382:
10370:
10358:
10346:
10334:
10307:
10295:
10283:
10271:
10259:
10247:
10235:
10227:the original
10218:
10208:
10196:
10184:. Retrieved
10180:the original
10150:
10138:
10126:
10114:
10083:
10076:
10049:
10037:
10025:
10013:
10001:
9994:Coletta 1973
9989:
9977:
9970:Coletta 1973
9965:
9953:
9905:
9901:
9891:
9879:
9854:February 13,
9852:. Retrieved
9838:
9827:February 13,
9825:. Retrieved
9821:the original
9811:
9799:
9787:
9775:
9763:
9751:
9744:Coletta 1973
9739:
9731:
9726:
9719:Coletta 1973
9714:
9702:. Retrieved
9682:
9675:
9663:
9656:Coletta 1973
9651:
9639:
9627:
9615:
9608:Coletta 1973
9593:Coletta 1973
9588:
9576:
9569:Coletta 1973
9564:
9557:Coletta 1973
9552:
9540:
9528:
9521:Coletta 1973
9506:Coletta 1973
9501:
9494:Coletta 1973
9489:
9477:
9465:
9458:Coletta 1973
9453:
9446:Coletta 1973
9441:
9429:
9422:Coletta 1973
9417:
9410:Coletta 1973
9405:
9393:
9381:
9369:
9357:
9350:Coletta 1973
9345:
9333:
9326:Coletta 1973
9321:
9309:
9282:
9270:
9248:Coletta 1973
9243:
9231:
9224:Coletta 1973
9219:
9212:Coletta 1973
9207:
9195:
9188:Coletta 1973
9183:
9176:Coletta 1973
9171:
9159:
9147:
9140:Coletta 1973
9120:
9108:
9096:
9084:
9072:
9061:
9054:Coletta 1973
9049:
9037:
9030:Coletta 1973
9025:
9013:
9001:
8994:Coletta 1973
8989:
8977:
8965:
8953:
8941:
8929:
8917:
8905:
8898:Coletta 1973
8893:
8881:
8874:Coletta 1973
8859:Coletta 1973
8854:
8842:
8830:
8818:
8806:
8794:
8767:
8755:
8743:
8731:
8719:
8707:
8695:
8683:
8671:
8659:
8647:
8635:
8628:Coletta 1973
8623:
8611:
8599:
8587:
8575:
8563:
8551:
8539:
8527:. Retrieved
8522:
8513:
8503:
8496:
8476:
8469:
8457:
8445:
8433:
8415:
8410:
8401:
8395:
8382:
8363:
8357:
8338:
8333:
8321:
8299:Coletta 1973
8294:
8282:
8270:
8258:
8246:
8234:
8222:
8210:
8198:
8186:
8174:
8162:
8150:
8138:
8126:
8114:
8109:, p. 8.
8102:
8090:. Retrieved
8081:
8057:. Retrieved
8048:
8038:
8026:. Retrieved
8008:
7996:
7984:
7974:February 14,
7972:. Retrieved
7956:
7925:. Retrieved
7905:
7898:
7879:in 1948 and
7877:Thomas Dewey
7868:
7855:
7846:
7837:
7828:
7819:
7810:
7801:
7792:
7783:
7770:
7757:
7748:
7727:
7718:
7705:
7696:
7687:
7670:
7661:
7652:
7645:Coletta 1973
7639:
7625:
7612:
7603:
7594:
7574:
7570:
7557:
7544:
7535:
7522:
7455:
7451:
7428:
7409:
7393:
7380:
7373:
7369:
7356:
7320:lay in state
7317:
7289:
7276:
7257:
7241:
7228:Cass Gilbert
7224:
7220:Judges' Bill
7213:
7210:
7202:
7191:
7189:
7181:
7152:
7150:
7125:
7124:
7105:
7104:
7082:
7068:
7051:
7049:
7044:
7028:
7021:
7019:
7002:
6992:
6990:
6981:police power
6976:
6966:
6964:
6955:
6945:
6939:
6937:
6918:
6882:
6874:
6870:Marion, Ohio
6856:
6822:reservations
6815:
6810:Palmer House
6806:Will H. Hays
6799:
6780:
6773:
6769:
6742:
6717:
6710:
6698:
6694:
6679:
6662:
6654:
6640:
6631:
6608:
6588:
6576:
6572:
6558:
6548:
6538:
6532:
6528:
6521:
6471:
6461:
6434:
6414:
6384:
6369:
6357:
6353:
6350:Civil rights
6340:
6327:
6323:Louis Glavis
6315:
6300:
6281:
6277:
6254:
6212:
6208:
6201:
6190:
6165:
6146:
6122:
6113:
6097:Juan Estrada
6090:
6082:a revolution
6070:Texas Ranger
6039:
6011:
5967:
5943:
5921:
5909:
5906:Taft in 1909
5884:
5877:
5835:
5826:
5806:James Wilson
5800:
5792:
5754:
5742:
5738:
5719:
5682:
5666:
5631:
5613:
5606:
5600:
5562:a memorandum
5558:Katsura TarΕ
5539:
5531:
5515:
5484:
5473:
5458:
5446:
5439:
5417:
5377:assassinated
5374:
5366:
5342:Adna Chaffee
5322:
5311:
5277:
5261:his campaign
5240:the campaign
5231:
5225:
5210:
5202:
5199:
5180:
5160:
5153:
5134:
5122:
5109:Helen Herron
5106:
5097:
5091:
5069:
5063:
5047:to take the
5032:
5009:Yale College
5002:
4986:Mount Auburn
4963:
4954:Yale College
4928:
4900:
4853:
4808:
4807:
4728:
4719:
4712:
4662:GOP factions
4612:Secessionism
4511:
4422:Donors Trust
4405:
4404:
4360:Liberty Fund
4298:
4297:
4271:
4270:
4231:
4230:
4119:
4118:
4109:Oath Keepers
4087:
4086:
4050:
4049:
4023:
4022:
3995:FreedomWorks
3978:
3977:
3954:
3937:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3832:The Dispatch
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3769:Human Events
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3706:Daily Signal
3704:
3699:Daily Caller
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3631:Fox Business
3619:
3618:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3481:First Things
3479:
3474:The Dispatch
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3439:City Journal
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3225:Project 2025
3217:
3078:Boll weevils
3071:
3051:
3050:
3020:
2941:
2854:
2844:
2834:
2824:
2814:
2804:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2724:
2714:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2402:Ahmanson Jr.
2209:Van den Haag
2103:Commentators
2080:
1932:
1723:Adams (John)
1330:New Humanism
1025:Conservatism
808:Inauguration
792:Bibliography
764:
559:Helen Herron
521:(1930-03-08)
511:, Ohio, U.S.
476:Succeeded by
445:
425:Succeeded by
403:Appointed by
392:
372:Succeeded by
360:
339:Appointed by
328:
309:Succeeded by
297:
278:Appointed by
267:
247:Succeeded by
216:
196:Succeeded by
172:Nominated by
161:
141:Succeeded by
117:
90:
36:
22503:Psi Upsilon
22443:Taft family
22308:1930 deaths
22303:1857 births
22182:Byrd (2010)
21851:Reid (2022)
21846:Dole (2021)
21626:Clay (1852)
21457:independent
21453:Third-party
21433:Emil Seidel
21423:President:
21379:President:
21304:(incumbent)
21299:President:
21262:Eugene Foss
21242:Champ Clark
21215:President:
21019:Ben Hanford
20992:independent
20988:Third-party
20964:George Gray
20937:President:
20853:President:
20771:(1909β1913)
20752:(1909β1913)
20733:(1911β1913)
20727:(1909β1911)
20708:(1909β1913)
20689:(1909β1913)
20670:(1909β1913)
20651:(1911β1913)
20645:(1909β1911)
20626:(1909β1913)
20598:(1909β1913)
20581:(1909β1913)
20333:Fundraising
20254:Affiliated
20235:Puerto Rico
20069:Mississippi
19984:Connecticut
19706:Summerfield
19481:(2019β2023)
19475:(2015β2019)
19469:(2007β2015)
19463:(1999β2007)
19457:(1995β1999)
19451:(1981β1995)
19445:(1973β1981)
19439:(1965β1973)
19433:(1959β1965)
19427:(1939β1959)
19421:(1931β1939)
19415:(1925β1931)
19409:(1919β1925)
19403:(1911β1919)
19397:(1903β1911)
19391:(1899β1903)
19385:(1895β1899)
19379:(1891β1895)
19373:(1889β1891)
19367:(1883β1889)
19361:(1881β1883)
19355:(1879β1881)
19349:(1877β1879)
19343:(1875β1877)
19337:(1869β1875)
19325:(1863β1869)
19319:(1861β1863)
19313:(1860β1861)
19272:(2003β2007)
19266:(1996β2003)
19260:(1985β1996)
19254:(1980β1985)
19248:(1979β1980)
19242:(1977β1979)
19236:(1969β1977)
19230:(1959β1969)
19224:(1953β1959)
19212:(1952β1953)
19206:(1949β1952)
19200:(1944β1949)
19194:(1941β1944)
19188:(1940β1941)
19182:(1933β1940)
19176:(1929β1933)
19170:(1924β1929)
19164:(1918β1924)
19158:(1913β1918)
19152:(1911β1913)
19146:(1908β1911)
19140:(1897β1908)
19134:(1891β1897)
19128:(1885β1891)
19122:(1884β1885)
19116:(1862β1884)
19110:(1859β1862)
19090:U.S. Senate
19081:(2017β2021)
19075:(2001β2009)
19069:(1989β1993)
19063:(1981β1989)
19057:(1974β1977)
19051:(1969β1974)
19045:(1953β1961)
19039:(1929β1933)
19033:(1923β1929)
19027:(1921β1923)
19021:(1909β1913)
19015:(1901β1909)
19009:(1897β1901)
19003:(1889β1893)
18997:(1881β1885)
18985:(1877β1881)
18979:(1869β1877)
18973:(1865β1868)
18967:(1861β1865)
18158:conventions
18058:(1906β1909)
18052:(1904β1906)
18046:(1903β1904)
18027:(1901β1909)
18008:(1907β1909)
18002:(1901β1907)
17983:(1908β1909)
17977:(1906β1908)
17971:(1905β1906)
17965:(1904β1905)
17963:Paul Morton
17959:(1902β1904)
17953:(1901β1902)
17934:(1907β1909)
17928:(1905β1907)
17922:(1904β1905)
17916:(1902β1904)
17910:(1901β1902)
17891:(1906β1909)
17885:(1904β1906)
17879:(1901β1904)
17860:(1908β1909)
17854:(1904β1908)
17848:(1901β1904)
17829:(1907β1909)
17823:(1902β1907)
17817:(1901β1902)
17783:(1905β1909)
17777:(1901β1905)
17760:(1901β1909)
17597:(1901β1935)
17543:(1898β1902)
17525:Philippines
17413:(1994β2022)
17407:(1993β2020)
17395:(1990β2009)
17389:(1988β2018)
17383:(1986β2016)
17377:(1981β2006)
17371:(1975β2010)
17357:(1972β1987)
17351:(1970β1994)
17345:(1967β1991)
17343:T. Marshall
17339:(1965β1969)
17333:(1962β1965)
17327:(1962β1993)
17321:(1958β1981)
17315:(1957β1962)
17309:(1956β1990)
17303:(1955β1971)
17297:(1949β1956)
17291:(1949β1967)
17285:(1945β1958)
17279:(1943β1949)
17277:W. Rutledge
17273:(1941β1954)
17267:(1941β1942)
17261:(1940β1949)
17255:(1939β1975)
17249:(1939β1962)
17247:Frankfurter
17243:(1938β1957)
17237:(1937β1971)
17231:(1932β1938)
17225:(1930β1945)
17211:(1923β1930)
17205:(1923β1939)
17199:(1922β1938)
17193:(1916β1922)
17187:(1916β1939)
17181:(1914β1941)
17175:(1912β1922)
17169:(1911β1916)
17163:(1911β1937)
17149:(1910β1914)
17143:(1906β1910)
17137:(1903β1922)
17131:(1902β1932)
17125:(1898β1925)
17119:(1896β1909)
17105:(1893β1895)
17099:(1892β1903)
17093:(1891β1906)
17087:(1890β1910)
17081:(1888β1893)
17075:(1882β1893)
17069:(1882β1902)
17063:(1881β1889)
17057:(1881β1887)
17051:(1877β1911)
17045:(1873β1882)
17039:(1870β1892)
17033:(1870β1880)
17027:(1863β1897)
17021:(1862β1877)
17015:(1862β1890)
17009:(1862β1881)
17003:(1858β1881)
16997:(1853β1861)
16991:(1851β1857)
16985:(1846β1870)
16979:(1845β1851)
16973:(1845β1872)
16967:(1842β1860)
16961:(1838β1852)
16955:(1837β1865)
16949:(1836β1841)
16943:(1835β1867)
16937:(1830β1844)
16931:(1829β1861)
16925:(1826β1828)
16919:(1823β1843)
16913:(1812β1845)
16907:(1811β1835)
16901:(1807β1826)
16895:(1807β1823)
16889:(1804β1834)
16883:(1800β1804)
16877:(1798β1829)
16871:(1796β1811)
16865:(1793β1806)
16859:(1792β1793)
16853:(1790β1799)
16847:(1790β1795)
16841:(1789β1798)
16835:(1790β1810)
16826:J. Rutledge
16723:Earl Warren
16382:Gershengorn
15893:of the Army
15753:of the Army
15751:Secretaries
15740:of the Army
15358:G. Crawford
15298:W. Crawford
15243:Secretaries
15235:(1789β1947)
15108:Mitt Romney
15098:John McCain
15018:Gerald Ford
14289:Gerald Ford
13292:Louise Taft
13190:Los Angeles
13160:Taft Bridge
12913:(1890β1892)
12902:(1901β1904)
12894:(1904β1908)
12872:(1909β1913)
12861:(1921β1930)
12207:: 109β126.
12093:(1): 2β23.
11346:. Opinion.
11156:October 17,
9908:(1): 2β23.
9482:Burton 2004
9338:Burton 2004
9314:Burton 2004
9302:Harris 2009
9287:Burton 2004
9275:Burton 2004
8592:Burton 2004
8059:December 6,
8028:January 28,
7743:of Georgia.
7416:Earl Warren
7336:Stony Creek
7253:Taft Bridge
7154:Lum v. Rice
7130:Prohibition
7096:Free Speech
7058:Teapot Dome
6852: 1921
6839:Appointment
6749:Henry Bacon
6250: 1911
6243:Anders Zorn
6194:Henry White
6192:to France,
6168:Sun Yat-sen
6101:JosΓ© Madriz
6074:palm pistol
5916:Dingley Act
5712:, and that
5670:Tillman Act
5318:Philippines
5269:was elected
5265:free silver
5236:case method
5041:reading law
4982:Taft family
4845:third-party
4340:The 85 Fund
4168:Eagle Forum
4131:Court cases
3887:Blaze Media
3804:NewsBusters
3790:Jihad Watch
3678:The Bulwark
3664:Babylon Bee
3620:TV channels
3137:Think tanks
2993:Originalism
2680:(1835β1840)
2397:Agostinelli
2259:Krauthammer
1868:Paul (Rand)
1717:Politicians
1575:Kirkpatrick
1445:Baskerville
1390:Reaganomics
1360:McCarthyism
1325:Solid South
1292:Rule of law
1262:Natural law
1191:Familialism
1106:Progressive
1096:Postliberal
1071:Libertarian
946:Appointment
633:Taft family
464:Preceded by
415:Preceded by
351:Preceded by
288:Preceded by
235:Preceded by
184:Preceded by
129:Preceded by
120:(1912β1913)
114:(1909β1912)
70: 1908
22292:Categories
21751:Eisenhower
21703:W. H. Taft
21459:candidates
21363:Convention
21283:Convention
21199:Convention
20994:candidates
20921:Convention
20900:L. M. Shaw
20837:Convention
20184:Washington
20104:New Mexico
20099:New Jersey
19974:California
19785:Fahrenkopf
19780:Fahrenkopf
19701:Gabrielson
19311:Pennington
19301:Conference
19287:U.S. House
19108:J. P. Hale
19098:Conference
19073:G. W. Bush
19043:Eisenhower
18825:G. W. Bush
18805:G. W. Bush
18585:Eisenhower
18565:Eisenhower
17846:Elihu Root
17821:L. M. Shaw
17781:Elihu Root
17453:K. Jackson
17271:R. Jackson
17223:O. Roberts
17197:Sutherland
17179:McReynolds
17103:H. Jackson
17073:Blatchford
16893:Livingston
16887:W. Johnson
16875:Washington
16857:T. Johnson
15926:E. Johnson
15738:Department
15663:L. Johnson
15628:Wainwright
15593:Meiklejohn
15428:R. Lincoln
15413:J. Cameron
15383:S. Cameron
15253:B. Lincoln
15230:Department
15166:Presidents
15088:John Kerry
14930:Alf Landon
14722:Lewis Cass
14664:Henry Clay
14634:Rufus King
14600:John Adams
14489:G. W. Bush
14444:Eisenhower
14394:Washington
14385:Presidency
14009:John Tyler
13929:John Adams
13755:Republican
13727:1909β1913
13659:1904β1908
13648:Elihu Root
13640:1901β1903
13562:1900β1901
13519:1921β1930
13492:1892β1900
13465:1890β1892
13438:1887β1890
13282:(grandson)
13276:(grandson)
13270:(grandson)
13258:(daughter)
13140:Early life
12923:Presidency
12541:: 849β864.
12417:: 323β356.
11534:Gould 2014
10654:Gould 2014
10588:Gould 2014
10576:Gould 2014
10552:Gould 2014
10523:Gould 2014
10511:Gould 2014
10461:Gould 2014
10399:Gould 2014
10387:Gould 2014
10363:Gould 2014
10351:Gould 2014
10339:Gould 2014
10300:Gould 2014
10288:Gould 2008
10119:Gould 2008
10086:(Aug 2009)
9089:Rosen 2018
8239:Rosen 2018
7927:January 2,
7891:References
7711:Alf Landon
7437:. His son
7249:Rock Creek
7215:certiorari
7100:Free Press
7061:function.
6960:stockyards
6925:Taft Court
6834:Taft Court
6599:Gilded Age
6564:Elihu Root
6547:ruling in
6336:Elihu Root
6231:See also:
6216:Bering Sea
6006:See also:
5974:free trade
5968:In Taft's
5919:question.
5758:Ike Hoover
5632:Assistant
5584:See also:
5517:President
5469:First Lady
5428:Elihu Root
5348:'s use of
5306:Jolo, Sulu
5232:alma mater
5070:Commercial
4966:Cincinnati
4856:Cincinnati
4841:Republican
4731:Republican
4729:South Park
4556:Monarchism
4104:NumbersUSA
4024:Gun rights
3713:Daily Wire
3641:Newsmax TV
3502:Modern Age
3467:Chronicles
3453:Commentary
3324:Newspapers
3125:Whig Party
3088:Dixiecrats
2998:Textualism
2659:Literature
2637:Washington
2407:Andreessen
2279:Mac Donald
2164:Derbyshire
2076:Sutherland
1873:Paul (Ron)
1690:Washington
1380:Reagan era
1272:Patriotism
1245:Militarism
1201:Federalism
1133:Principles
1116:Straussian
928:convention
911:convention
813:Presidency
782:Early life
678:Politician
672:Occupation
547:Republican
509:Cincinnati
502:1857-09-15
240:Elihu Root
65:Portrait,
22234:Biography
22138:Rehnquist
22072:Roosevelt
22019:East Room
21810:(2006β07,
21743:H. Hoover
21591:in repose
21503:Nominee:
21474:Nominee:
21096:Nominee:
21067:Nominee:
21038:Nominee:
21009:Nominee:
20576:President
20505:Primaries
20441:Factional
20371:Sectional
20208:Territory
20194:Wisconsin
20159:Tennessee
20064:Minnesota
20039:Louisiana
19940:territory
19938:state and
19825:Gillespie
19810:Nicholson
19746:R. Morton
19726:T. Morton
19611:Rosewater
19601:Hitchcock
19591:Cortelyou
19413:Longworth
19276:McConnell
19156:Gallinger
19013:Roosevelt
18934:primaries
18914:primaries
18894:primaries
18874:primaries
18854:primaries
18834:primaries
18814:primaries
18794:primaries
18774:primaries
18754:primaries
18734:primaries
18714:primaries
18694:primaries
18674:primaries
18654:primaries
18634:primaries
18625:Goldwater
18614:primaries
18594:primaries
18574:primaries
18554:primaries
18534:primaries
18514:primaries
18494:primaries
18474:primaries
18454:primaries
18434:primaries
18414:primaries
18394:primaries
18389:Fairbanks
18374:primaries
18339:Fairbanks
18335:Roosevelt
18326:Roosevelt
18167:primaries
17755:President
17702:Smallcaps
17684:Roosevelt
17565:MacArthur
17533:1898β1935
17519:American
17441:Kavanaugh
17423:Sotomayor
17362:Rehnquist
17313:Whittaker
16759:1986β2005
16743:1969β1986
16727:1953β1969
16711:1946β1953
16695:1941β1946
16679:1930β1941
16663:1921β1930
16647:1910β1921
16631:1888β1910
16615:1874β1888
16599:1864β1873
16583:1836β1864
16567:1801β1835
16551:1796β1800
16519:1789β1795
16402:Francisco
16389:Francisco
16336:Underwood
16324:Dellinger
16066:Camarillo
16061:McPherson
15981:Augustine
15961:McGiffert
15921:Bendetsen
15698:Patterson
15668:Patterson
15528:Patterson
15473:Dickinson
15393:Schofield
15343:J. Porter
15313:P. Porter
15288:Armstrong
15263:Pickering
14387:timelines
14369:Joe Biden
14363:2017β2021
14353:2009β2017
14343:2001β2009
14333:1993β2001
14323:1989β1993
14313:1981β1989
14303:1977β1981
14293:1974β1977
14283:1969β1974
14273:1963β1969
14263:1961β1963
14253:1953β1961
14243:1945β1953
14233:1933β1945
14223:1929β1933
14213:1923β1929
14203:1921β1923
14193:1913β1921
14183:1909β1913
14173:1901β1909
14163:1897β1901
14153:1893β1897
14143:1889β1893
14133:1885β1889
14123:1881β1885
14103:1877β1881
14093:1869β1877
14083:1865β1869
14073:1861β1865
14063:1857β1861
14053:1853β1857
14043:1850β1853
14033:1849β1850
14023:1845β1849
14013:1841β1845
13993:1837β1841
13983:1829β1837
13973:1825β1829
13963:1817β1825
13953:1809β1817
13943:1801β1809
13933:1797β1801
13923:1789β1797
13830:Cover of
13312:(brother)
13306:(brother)
13300:(brother)
13280:Seth Taft
13204:Elections
12956:Weeks Act
12928:timeline)
12713:from the
11644:April 23,
11042:0012-3692
10859:Green Bag
10492:March 21,
10442:March 21,
9930:225450487
9922:1537-7814
8529:April 25,
7875:in 1940,
7616:His son,
7367:to date.
7338:granite.
6490:impeached
6372:Unitarian
6227:Antitrust
6142:Manchuria
6119:East Asia
6032:Taft and
5949:. In the
5793:Taft was
5552:with the
5255:with his
4923:antitrust
4583:Christian
4479:Movements
4266:(defunct)
4201:(defunct)
3998:(defunct)
3979:Economics
3939:Red Scare
3902:The First
3797:LifeZette
3614:(defunct)
3583:(defunct)
2973:and crime
2512:Lindbergh
2487:Krikorian
2391:Activists
2344:Robertson
2324:Podhoretz
2294:Nekrasova
2244:Khachiyan
2169:DiLorenzo
2124:Breitbart
2056:Rehnquist
2031:Kavanaugh
2026:Harlan II
2011:Goldsmith
1958:Wolfowitz
1888:Roosevelt
1853:McConnell
1798:Goldwater
1665:Schaeffer
1660:Santayana
1620:Mansfield
1605:Lovecraft
1530:Gottfried
1510:Eberstadt
1397:Redeemers
1370:New Right
1340:Old Right
1320:Loyalists
1302:Tradition
850:Judiciary
689:Signature
639:Education
629:Relatives
455:President
446:In office
393:In office
329:In office
300:President
268:In office
226:President
217:In office
162:In office
91:In office
81:27th
22258:Politics
22056:McKinley
22028:Harrison
21672:McKinley
21659:Garfield
21587:in honor
21416:Nominees
21372:Nominees
21292:Nominees
21208:Nominees
20930:Nominees
20846:Nominees
20530:Trumpism
20385:Chairmen
20302:Factions
20264:Congress
20179:Virginia
20129:Oklahoma
20109:New York
20084:Nebraska
20074:Missouri
20059:Michigan
20049:Maryland
20034:Kentucky
20014:Illinois
19989:Delaware
19979:Colorado
19969:Arkansas
19859:McDaniel
19835:MartΓnez
19771:Richards
19686:Brownell
19681:Spangler
19666:Hamilton
19661:Fletcher
19571:Campbell
19566:Clarkson
19536:Chandler
19479:McCarthy
19455:Gingrich
19294:Speakers
19222:Knowland
19031:Coolidge
19007:McKinley
19001:Harrison
18989:Garfield
18425:Coolidge
18409:Coolidge
18322:McKinley
18309:McKinley
18296:Harrison
18283:Harrison
18257:Garfield
18156:national
17775:John Hay
17636:Harrison
17405:Ginsburg
17375:O'Connor
17349:Blackmun
17331:Goldberg
17325:B. White
17185:Brandeis
17167:J. Lamar
17110:E. White
17079:L. Lamar
17061:Matthews
17001:Clifford
16995:Campbell
16977:Woodbury
16959:McKinley
16917:Thompson
16869:S. Chase
16863:Paterson
16515:John Jay
16428:Prelogar
16422:Fletcher
16415:Prelogar
16376:Verrilli
16358:Kneedler
16288:Griswold
16283:Marshall
16268:Sobeloff
16263:Cummings
16213:Mitchell
16203:Frierson
16168:Richards
16128:Phillips
16056:McCarthy
16041:Westphal
16026:Brownlee
16021:Dahlberg
15951:Ignatius
15936:Finucane
15911:Voorhees
15876:McCarthy
15816:Hoffmann
15811:Callaway
15806:Froehlke
15678:Petersen
15658:Woodring
15638:MacNider
15633:D. Davis
15623:Williams
15613:Ingraham
15518:Woodring
15498:D. Davis
15483:Garrison
15433:Endicott
15368:J. Davis
15328:Poinsett
15278:Dearborn
15222:the Army
15068:Bob Dole
14910:Al Smith
14522:Category
14424:Coolidge
14399:McKinley
13479:New seat
13394:Category
13294:(mother)
13288:(father)
12786:LibriVox
12755:Archived
12729:Archived
12707:Archived
12651:Archived
12642:Speeches
12632:Archived
12623:Official
12471:25724643
12357:excerpts
12262:(1939).
12245:27551622
12213:30003333
12178:(2001).
11929:Archived
11900:(2004).
11787:(2004).
11753:27547774
11608:Archived
11393:Archived
11354:Archived
11245:Archived
11219:Archived
11150:Archived
11115:27956758
11050:12970047
10876:April 5,
10867:Archived
10486:Archived
10436:Archived
10089:Archived
9848:Archived
9698:Archived
8423:Archived
8346:Archived
8092:March 3,
8086:Archived
8053:Archived
8022:Archived
7921:Archived
7713:in 1936.
7497:See also
6892:General
6720:(1916).
6480:and the
6435:Justice
6370:Taft, a
6263:and the
5489:and the
5401:Catholic
5354:Batangas
5338:governor
5228:Property
5145:John Hay
5045:Columbus
4907:election
4862:, was a
4647:Agenda47
4629:Trumpism
4622:in Texas
4120:Religion
4088:Nativist
3908:Imprimis
3839:Townhall
3825:RedState
3811:PJ Media
3783:InfoWars
3657:Websites
3636:Fox News
3404:Journals
2891:Nativism
2878:Abortion
2872:Concerns
2627:Viguerie
2617:Starbuck
2482:Horowitz
2422:Bezmenov
2379:Wintrich
2359:Sullivan
2314:O'Reilly
2274:Limbaugh
2234:Ingraham
2194:Goldberg
2149:Chodorov
2139:Caldwell
2129:Buchanan
2091:Vermeule
2071:Sessions
2046:O'Connor
1938:Thurmond
1918:Santorum
1908:Rumsfeld
1883:Randolph
1848:McCarthy
1803:Hamilton
1793:Gingrich
1783:DeSantis
1768:Coolidge
1738:Buchanan
1685:Voegelin
1525:Genovese
1495:Conquest
1490:Chambers
1470:Boorstin
1440:Bacevich
1184:Pro-life
1101:Populist
1081:Movement
1076:Moderate
1016:a series
933:election
916:election
817:timeline
582:Children
22220:Portals
22158:funeral
22085:funeral
22080:Kennedy
22064:Harding
22049:funeral
22044:Lincoln
21877:funeral
21835:funeral
21813:funeral
21801:funeral
21781:Blassie
21769:Johnson
21731:funeral
21726:Kennedy
21695:Harding
21637:funeral
21632:Lincoln
20572:Cabinet
20510:Debates
20498:Related
20199:Wyoming
20174:Vermont
20079:Montana
20019:Indiana
19999:Georgia
19994:Florida
19964:Arizona
19954:Alabama
19934:Parties
19864:Whatley
19854:Priebus
19830:Mehlman
19820:Racicot
19815:Gilmore
19805:Barbour
19795:Yeutter
19790:Atwater
19711:Roberts
19656:Sanders
19541:Cameron
19526:Claflin
19516:Raymond
19487:(2023β)
19485:Johnson
19467:Boehner
19461:Hastert
19431:Halleck
19407:Gillett
19341:McCrary
19329:Pomeroy
19289:leaders
19278:(2007β)
19246:Stevens
19228:Dirksen
19210:Bridges
19144:E. Hale
19138:Allison
19132:Sherman
19126:Edmunds
19120:Sherman
19114:Anthony
19092:leaders
19025:Harding
18971:Johnson
18965:Lincoln
18529:Bricker
18505:Willkie
18405:Harding
18365:Sherman
18352:Sherman
18248:Wheeler
18209:Johnson
18205:Lincoln
18192:Lincoln
18179:FrΓ©mont
18151:tickets
18112:History
17751:Cabinet
17708:Italics
17666:Gilmore
17660:Stimson
17654:Gilmore
17630:Gilbert
17572:Chaffee
17551:Merritt
17523:of the
17447:Barrett
17435:Gorsuch
17387:Kennedy
17369:Stevens
17319:Stewart
17307:Brennan
17253:Douglas
17229:Cardozo
17209:Sanford
17123:McKenna
17117:Peckham
17037:Bradley
16947:Barbour
16935:Baldwin
16923:Trimble
16851:Iredell
16833:Cushing
16449:italics
16347:Clement
16258:Perlman
16253:McGrath
16238:Jackson
16223:Thacher
16188:Bullitt
16183:Lehmann
16158:Maxwell
16153:Aldrich
16143:Chapman
16123:Bristow
16016:Rostker
16001:Shannon
15991:Ambrose
15986:LaBerge
15881:Wormuth
15866:Fanning
15841:Caldera
15781:Brucker
15776:Stevens
15643:Robbins
15618:Crowell
15568:Wolcott
15523:Stimson
15478:Stimson
15463:W. Taft
15438:Proctor
15418:McCrary
15408:A. Taft
15403:Belknap
15398:Rawlins
15388:Stanton
15348:Wilkins
15338:Spencer
15308:Barbour
15303:Calhoun
15268:McHenry
15078:Al Gore
14484:Clinton
14449:Kennedy
14419:Harding
13796:in the
13758:nominee
13695:Acting
13619:Himself
13567:Himself
13326:Related
13185:Chicago
13026:Cabinet
12775:at the
12735:, from
12288:(1912)
12168:3636924
11948:(2013)
11809:(2005)
11106:5146684
10186:May 29,
7883:in 1952
7322:at the
7311:in the
7140:of the
6641:Titanic
6595:Lincoln
6559:Lochner
6153:Sichuan
6105:Managua
6050:US Army
5609:in 1908
5497:in the
5495:a canal
5230:at his
5187:Charles
5181:Taft's
4915:tariffs
4911:focused
4829:in 1912
4821:in 1908
4641:Related
4513:Paideia
3933:PragerU
3846:Twitchy
3762:Hot Air
3460:Compact
3052:Defunct
3017:Parties
2642:Weyrich
2582:Roberts
2577:Regnery
2552:O'Keefe
2547:Murdoch
2522:McEntee
2497:Kristol
2472:Gabriel
2467:Feulner
2462:Falwell
2447:Dilling
2412:Atwater
2369:Whittle
2354:Stormer
2349:Shapiro
2334:Portnoy
2289:Neuhaus
2284:Metaxas
2254:Knowles
2224:Herberg
2214:Hannity
2204:Griffin
2189:Fleming
2174:Douthat
2159:D'Souza
2154:Coulter
2144:Carlson
2134:Buckley
2119:Bongino
2061:Roberts
2036:Kennedy
2021:Graglia
2016:Gorsuch
1981:Barrett
1970:Jurists
1953:Wallace
1923:Sherman
1828:Lincoln
1808:Harding
1788:Dirksen
1753:Calhoun
1680:Viereck
1675:Strauss
1625:Mencken
1585:Kristol
1565:Kimball
1560:Kendall
1550:Hurston
1520:Francis
1505:Eastman
1485:Calhoun
1480:Burnham
1475:Buckley
1435:Babbitt
1314:History
1066:Liberal
1045:Schools
845:Cabinet
721:On the
608:Parents
576:
564:
22140:(2005)
22122:(1995)
22120:Burger
22109:(1974)
22107:Warren
22082:(1963,
22074:(1945)
22066:(1923)
22058:(1901)
22046:(1865,
22038:(1850)
22036:Taylor
22030:(1841)
21940:(1873)
21832:(2018,
21798:(2004,
21796:Reagan
21771:(1973)
21753:(1969)
21745:(1964)
21728:(1963,
21705:(1930)
21697:(1923)
21674:(1901)
21661:(1881)
21634:(1865,
21540:Senate
21132:Senate
20443:groups
20373:groups
20335:groups
20134:Oregon
20089:Nevada
20029:Kansas
20004:Hawaii
19959:Alaska
19849:Steele
19844:Duncan
19839:Duncan
19776:Laxalt
19731:Miller
19721:Alcorn
19671:Martin
19646:Huston
19636:Butler
19621:Wilcox
19616:Hilles
19576:Carter
19546:Jewell
19531:Morgan
19511:Morgan
19504:Chairs
19449:Michel
19443:Rhodes
19425:Martin
19395:Cannon
19365:Cannon
19359:Keifer
19335:Blaine
19331:(1869)
19323:Colfax
19303:chairs
19218:(1953)
19204:Wherry
19192:McNary
19186:Austin
19180:McNary
19174:Watson
19168:Curtis
19150:Cullom
19100:chairs
19061:Reagan
19037:Hoover
18995:Arthur
18991:(1881)
18865:Romney
18845:McCain
18829:Cheney
18809:Cheney
18769:Quayle
18749:Quayle
18725:Reagan
18705:Reagan
18629:Miller
18549:Warren
18509:McNary
18485:Landon
18469:Curtis
18465:Hoover
18449:Curtis
18445:Hoover
18385:Hughes
18369:Butler
18313:Hobart
18287:Morton
18270:Blaine
18261:Arthur
18235:Wilson
18222:Colfax
18196:Hamlin
18183:Dayton
17789:(1909)
17689:Murphy
17642:Yeater
17624:Forbes
17609:Wright
17411:Breyer
17399:Thomas
17393:Souter
17381:Scalia
17355:Powell
17337:Fortas
17295:Minton
17283:Burton
17265:Byrnes
17259:Murphy
17203:Butler
17191:Clarke
17173:Pitney
17154:Hughes
17147:Lurton
17129:Holmes
17097:Shiras
17085:Brewer
17031:Strong
17013:Miller
17007:Swayne
16989:Curtis
16971:Nelson
16965:Daniel
16953:Catron
16929:McLean
16905:Duvall
16839:Wilson
16370:Katyal
16330:Waxman
16298:McCree
16273:Rankin
16243:Biddle
16218:Hughes
16178:Bowers
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15931:Slezak
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15861:McHugh
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15708:Draper
15703:Royall
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15545:of War
15533:Royall
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15468:Wright
15448:Lamont
15443:Elkins
15423:Ramsey
15363:Conrad
15293:Monroe
15283:Eustis
15273:Dexter
15245:of War
15232:of War
14474:Reagan
14469:Carter
14439:Truman
14429:Hoover
14414:Wilson
13707:Acting
13246:(wife)
13236:Family
12883:(1904)
12803:
12737:C-SPAN
12600:793882
12598:
12551:online
12524:online
12508:
12494:online
12483:online
12469:
12437:online
12427:online
12391:
12375:online
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12335:online
12319:
12290:online
12243:
12225:online
12211:
12188:
12166:
12142:(1941)
12121:
12075:online
12052:
12033:
12008:online
11989:
11970:
11950:online
11926:online
11910:
11891:online
11875:
11842:online
11833:(1997)
11795:
11779:online
11772:online
11763:(1981)
11751:
11728:
11671:
11558:Scalia
11385:
11142:
11113:
11103:
11048:
11040:
11002:Warren
10966:Scalia
10954:Warren
10754:
10540:Warren
10201:Hawley
10143:Pavord
10069:Hawley
10042:Hawley
9982:Pavord
9958:Murphy
9946:Murphy
9928:
9920:
9690:
8922:Morris
8886:Morris
8823:Morris
8772:Minger
8760:Minger
8748:Minger
8664:Morris
8484:
8420:online
8404:: 879.
8370:
8343:online
7965:
7913:
7585:. See
7577:, 176
7456:While
7439:Robert
7297:Hughes
7284:Horace
7003:Balzac
6977:Adkins
6929:Holmes
6407:to be
6187:Europe
6126:Peking
6068:and a
6060:, and
5838:stroke
5706:trusts
5645:Panama
5467:, the
5391:, and
5358:Laguna
5295:Sultan
5193:, the
5113:Robert
4980:. The
4684:NatCon
4561:Mormon
4526:Female
4467:Ziklag
4447:Parler
3537:Tablet
3021:Active
2860:(2018)
2850:(2017)
2840:(2017)
2830:(2001)
2820:(1995)
2810:(1994)
2800:(1987)
2790:(1987)
2780:(1984)
2770:(1964)
2760:(1960)
2750:(1953)
2740:(1951)
2730:(1948)
2720:(1941)
2710:(1935)
2700:(1930)
2690:(1924)
2670:(1788)
2632:Thomas
2597:Rusher
2567:Prager
2542:Miller
2477:Gaines
2457:Drudge
2452:Dobson
2427:Bozell
2417:Bannon
2339:Prager
2264:Lahren
2229:Hoover
2179:Dreher
2109:Ahmari
2086:Thomas
2066:Scalia
2051:Parker
2041:Luttig
2006:George
2001:Colson
1991:Burger
1898:Romney
1893:Reagan
1843:McCain
1823:Hoover
1813:Hawley
1773:Cotton
1758:Cheney
1733:Bolton
1695:Weaver
1670:Sowell
1650:Ransom
1645:Nisbet
1640:Murray
1635:Molnar
1615:Lukacs
1580:Kreeft
1540:Hazony
1535:Hanson
1500:Deneen
1460:Berger
1455:Bellow
1111:Social
1091:Paleo-
1061:Fusion
1056:Fiscal
797:Legacy
787:Family
681:lawyer
589:Robert
570:
553:Spouse
528:, U.S.
21938:Chase
21535:House
21127:House
20164:Texas
20044:Maine
20009:Idaho
19947:State
19766:Brock
19761:Smith
19741:Bliss
19736:Burch
19696:Scott
19691:Reece
19676:Walsh
19631:Adams
19586:Payne
19581:Hanna
19556:Jones
19551:Sabin
19419:Snell
19270:Frist
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19079:Trump
19049:Nixon
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18605:Nixon
18589:Nixon
18569:Nixon
18545:Dewey
18525:Dewey
18429:Dawes
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18218:Grant
17678:Butte
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17429:Kagan
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17091:Brown
17055:Woods
17025:Field
17019:Davis
16983:Grier
16941:Wayne
16911:Story
16881:Moore
16845:Blair
16780:cases
16764:cases
16748:cases
16732:cases
16716:cases
16700:cases
16684:cases
16668:cases
16652:cases
16636:cases
16620:cases
16604:cases
16588:cases
16572:cases
16556:cases
16540:cases
16524:cases
16364:Kagan
16352:Garre
16342:Olson
16313:Starr
16308:Fried
16228:Biggs
16193:Davis
16138:Jenks
16133:Goode
16031:Geren
15996:Stone
15956:Resor
15946:Ailes
15871:Esper
15856:Geren
15846:White
15831:Stone
15826:Marsh
15801:Resor
15796:Ailes
15791:Vance
15786:Stahr
15653:Payne
15583:Grant
15553:Scott
15493:Weeks
15488:Baker
15453:Alger
15373:Floyd
15353:Marcy
15318:Eaton
14504:Biden
14499:Trump
14494:Obama
14459:Nixon
13802:1930
13698:1906
13345:(cow)
13264:(son)
13252:(son)
12698:Other
12596:JSTOR
12467:JSTOR
12241:JSTOR
12209:JSTOR
12164:JSTOR
11823:also
11749:JSTOR
11695:Lurie
11522:Lurie
11330:Lurie
11136:36β38
11021:Chest
10930:Mason
10891:Mason
10870:(PDF)
10855:(PDF)
10822:Regan
10807:Regan
10783:Myers
10771:Regan
10722:Regan
10710:Regan
10698:Regan
10686:Mason
10669:Mason
10264:Lurie
10107:Lurie
10054:Lurie
10030:Lurie
10006:Lurie
9926:S2CID
9884:Lurie
9792:Lurie
9780:Lurie
9768:Lurie
9632:Lurie
9545:Lurie
9533:Lurie
9164:Lurie
8946:Lurie
8724:Lurie
8652:Lurie
8640:Lurie
8580:Lurie
8568:Lurie
8462:Lurie
8450:Lurie
8392:(PDF)
8275:Lurie
8263:Lurie
8191:Lurie
8155:Lurie
8107:Lurie
8001:Lurie
7989:Lurie
7587:Lurie
7514:Notes
7466:Media
7318:Taft
7081:. In
7045:Myers
7029:Myers
6763:dean
6519:1909
6149:Hakou
5641:Omaha
4972:, to
4837:split
4531:Green
4490:Black
4437:Gettr
4406:Other
3881:Other
3551:Telos
3319:Media
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2612:Stone
2557:Owens
2437:Coors
2364:Walsh
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2309:Novak
2304:North
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2239:Jones
2199:Grant
2184:Elder
1976:Alito
1948:Vance
1943:Trump
1903:Rubio
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1863:Palin
1858:Nixon
1833:Lodge
1818:Helms
1705:Wolfe
1655:Rieff
1630:Meyer
1610:Loury
1595:Lasch
1555:Jaffa
1545:Hoppe
1515:Eliot
1465:Bloom
1430:Anton
1425:Adams
967:Death
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907:1908
594:Helen
574:)
566:(
562:
207:42nd
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21830:Bush
21808:Ford
21589:and
21455:and
21177:)
20990:and
20815:)
20225:Guam
20169:Utah
20124:Ohio
20024:Iowa
19920:2024
19915:2023
19910:2021
19905:2019
19900:2017
19895:2015
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19885:2011
19880:2009
19800:Bond
19756:Bush
19751:Dole
19716:Hall
19651:Fess
19641:Work
19626:Hays
19606:Hill
19561:Quay
19521:Ward
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19437:Ford
19401:Mann
19383:Reed
19371:Reed
19353:Frye
19347:Hale
19317:Grow
19264:Lott
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19216:Taft
19055:Ford
19019:Taft
18869:Ryan
18789:Kemp
18785:Dole
18689:Dole
18685:Ford
18489:Knox
18361:Taft
18348:Taft
18300:Reid
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17604:Taft
17558:Otis
17241:Reed
17067:Gray
17043:Hunt
16899:Todd
16535:1795
16408:Wall
16396:Wall
16318:Days
16293:Bork
16248:Fahy
16233:Reed
16208:Beck
16198:King
16173:Hoyt
16148:Taft
16036:Ford
15966:Beal
15906:Gray
15836:West
15771:Pace
15766:Gray
15573:Dana
15513:Dern
15503:Good
15458:Root
15378:Holt
15333:Bell
15323:Cass
15258:Knox
15220:and
15132:2020
15122:2016
15112:2012
15102:2008
15092:2004
15082:2000
15072:1996
15062:1992
15052:1988
15042:1984
15032:1980
15022:1976
15012:1972
15002:1968
14992:1964
14982:1960
14972:1956
14968:1952
14958:1948
14954:1944
14944:1940
14934:1936
14924:1932
14914:1928
14904:1924
14894:1920
14884:1916
14874:1912
14864:1904
14854:1908
14850:1900
14846:1896
14836:1892
14826:1888
14816:1884
14806:1880
14796:1876
14786:1872
14776:1868
14766:1864
14756:1860
14746:1856
14736:1852
14726:1848
14716:1840
14706:1836
14696:1836
14686:1828
14676:1844
14672:1832
14668:1824
14658:1824
14648:1824
14638:1816
14628:1812
14618:1808
14614:1804
14604:1800
14594:1796
14532:List
14464:Ford
14409:Taft
14113:1881
14003:1841
13832:Time
13768:1912
13764:1908
12889:42nd
12867:27th
12856:10th
12801:IMDb
12506:ISBN
12389:ISBN
12317:ISBN
12186:ISBN
12119:ISBN
12050:ISBN
12031:ISBN
11987:ISBN
11968:ISBN
11908:ISBN
11873:ISBN
11793:ISBN
11726:ISBN
11682:2016
11669:ISBN
11646:2020
11616:2016
11401:2016
11383:ISBN
11362:2017
11317:2016
11286:2016
11253:2018
11227:2021
11158:2015
11140:ISBN
11111:PMID
11046:PMID
11038:ISSN
10878:2021
10752:ISBN
10494:2018
10444:2018
10188:2016
10131:Dean
9918:ISSN
9856:2016
9829:2016
9706:2015
9688:ISBN
8531:2023
8482:ISBN
8368:ISBN
8094:2017
8061:2020
8030:2018
7976:2016
7963:ISBN
7929:2019
7911:ISBN
7678:and
7579:U.S.
7183:Time
7098:and
6866:home
6731:and
6566:and
6522:Puck
6419:and
6151:and
5994:and
5440:Puck
5356:and
5019:and
4992:and
4976:and
4970:Ohio
4960:1878
4921:and
4872:Yale
4866:and
4839:the
4721:RINO
4541:LGBT
4325:CPAC
3950:RSBN
3818:Rare
2647:Wood
2592:Rufo
2587:Rove
2572:Reed
2562:Park
2492:Kirk
2442:Dans
2432:Cohn
2374:Will
2329:Pool
2249:Kirk
2219:Hart
2114:Beck
2081:Taft
1996:Carl
1986:Bork
1913:Ryan
1838:Luce
1778:Cruz
1763:Clay
1700:Weyl
1600:Lind
1570:Kirk
1450:Bell
1086:Neo-
572:1886
516:Died
496:Born
436:6th
258:1st
118:None
22270:Law
20574:of
19596:New
19496:RNC
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19095:and
18162:and
17753:of
17614:Ide
17135:Day
16303:Lee
16278:Cox
15588:Doe
13681:as
12908:6th
12878:3rd
12799:at
12784:at
12766:at
12739:'s
12588:doi
12156:doi
12095:doi
11101:PMC
11093:doi
11030:doi
11026:124
9910:doi
7561:79
7277:At
6868:in
6140:to
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5820:as
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5066:bar
4831:by
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