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side of a jelly-fish, the elements of mind-stuff which go along with them are so combined as to form the faint beginnings of
Sentience. When the molecules are so combined as to form the brain and nervous system of a vertebrate, the corresponding elements of mind-stuff are so combined as to form some kind of consciousness; that is to say, changes in the complex which take place at the same time get so linked together that the repetition of one implies the repetition of the other. When matter takes the complex form of a living human brain, the corresponding mind-stuff takes the form of a human consciousness, having intelligence and volition.
880:, Clifford argues that it is immoral to believe things for which one lacks evidence. He describes a ship-owner who planned to send to sea an old and not well-built ship full of passengers. The ship-owner had doubts suggested to him that the ship might not be seaworthy: "These doubts preyed upon his mind, and made him unhappy." He considered having the ship refitted even though it would be expensive. At last, "he succeeded in overcoming these melancholy reflections." He watched the ship depart, "with a light heart…and he got his insurance money when she went down in mid-ocean and told no tales."
493:
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887:." Moreover, he contends that even in the case where the ship successfully reaches the destination, the decision remains immoral, because the morality of the choice is defined forever once the choice is made, and actual outcome, defined by blind chance, doesn't matter. The ship-owner would be no less guilty: his wrongdoing would never be discovered, but he still had no right to make that decision given the information available to him at the time.
4293:
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1383:"If a man, holding a belief which he was taught in childhood or persuaded of afterwards, keeps down and pushes away any doubts which arise about it in his mind, purposely avoids the reading of books and the company of men that call in question or discuss it, and regards as impious those questions which cannot easily be asked without disturbing it—the life of that man is one long sin against mankind."
421:
1084:
and
Christopher Knee examined the record on acknowledgement of Clifford's foresight. They conclude that "it was Clifford, not Riemann, who anticipated some of the conceptual ideas of General Relativity." To explain the lack of recognition of Clifford's prescience, they point out that he was an expert
1017:
Bolder even than
Riemann, Clifford confessed his belief (1870) that matter is only a manifestation of curvature in a space-time manifold. This embryonic divination has been acclaimed as an anticipation of Einstein's (1915–16) relativistic theory of the gravitational field. The actual theory, however,
828:, on the other hand, gives the key to Clifford's ethical view, which explains conscience and the moral law by the development in each individual of a 'self,' which prescribes the conduct conducive to the welfare of the 'tribe.' Much of Clifford's contemporary prominence was due to his attitude toward
780:
That element of which, as we have seen, even the simplest feeling is a complex, I shall call Mind-stuff. A moving molecule of inorganic matter does not possess mind or consciousness; but it possesses a small piece of mind-stuff. When molecules are so combined together as to form the film on the under
578:
Combining the two brought the operation of division into play. This greatly expanded our qualitative understanding of how objects interact in space. Crucially, it also provided the means for quantitatively calculating the spatial consequences of those interactions. The resulting geometric algebra, as
340:
In 1876, Clifford suffered a breakdown, probably brought on by overwork. He taught and administered by day, and wrote by night. A half-year holiday in
Algeria and Spain allowed him to resume his duties for 18 months, after which he collapsed again. He went to the island of Madeira to recover, but
1062:
with great ingenuity foresaw in a qualitative fashion that physical matter might be conceived as a curved ripple on a generally flat plane. Many of his ingenious hunches were later realized in
Einstein's gravitational theory. Such speculations were automatically premature and could not lead to
249:
named in his honour. The operations of geometric algebra have the effect of mirroring, rotating, translating, and mapping the geometric objects that are being modelled to new positions. Clifford algebras in general and geometric algebra in particular have been of ever increasing importance to
740:
799:
Briefly put, the conception is that mind is the one ultimate reality; not mind as we know it in the complex forms of conscious feeling and thought, but the simpler elements out of which thought and feeling are built up. The hypothetical ultimate element of mind, or
1063:
anything constructive without an intermediate link which demanded the extension of 3-dimensional geometry to the inclusion of time. The theory of curved spaces had to be preceded by the realization that space and time form a single four-dimensional entity.
575:. The inner product equips geometric algebra with a metric, fully incorporating distance and angle relationships for lines, planes, and volumes, while the outer product gives those planes and volumes vector-like properties, including a directional bias.
804:
of mind-stuff, precisely corresponds to the hypothetical atom of matter, being the ultimate fact of which the material atom is the phenomenon. Matter and the sensible universe are the relations between particular organisms, that is, mind organized into
1089:
hold that once tensors had been used in the theory of general relativity, the framework existed in which a geometrical perspective in physics could be developed and allowed the challenging geometrical conceptions of
Riemann and Clifford to be
1018:
bears but slight resemblance to
Clifford's rather detailed creed. As a rule, those mathematical prophets who never descend to particulars make the top scores. Almost anyone can hit the side of a barn at forty yards with a charge of buckshot.
1353:"There is no scientific discoverer, no poet, no painter, no musician, who will not tell you that he found ready made his discovery or poem or picture—that it came to him from outside, and that he did not consciously create it from within."
1075:
Riemann, and more specifically
Clifford, conjectured that forces and matter might be local irregularities in the curvature of space, and in this they were strikingly prophetic, though for their pains they were dismissed at the time as
582:
Moreover, Clifford's algebraic schema extends to higher dimensions. The algebraic operations have the same symbolic form as they do in 2 or 3-dimensions. The importance of general
Clifford algebras has grown over time, while their
1701:
1494:"I believe that, so far as geometry is concerned, we need still another analysis which is distinctly geometrical or linear and which will express situation directly as algebra expresses magnitude directly."
985:
in his book on parallelism: "The boldness of this speculation is surely unexcelled in the history of thought. Up to the present, however, it presents the appearance of an
Icarian flight." Years later, after
897:
As such, he is arguing in direct opposition to religious thinkers for whom 'blind faith' (i.e. belief in things in spite of the lack of evidence for them) was a virtue. This paper was famously attacked by
505:
Clifford's contemporaries considered him acute and original, witty and warm. He often worked late into the night, which may have hastened his death. He published papers on a range of topics including
844:; and Clifford was regarded as a dangerous champion of the anti-spiritual tendencies then imputed to modern science. There has also been debate on the extent to which Clifford's doctrine of '
2308:
956:
The geometry of rotors and motors…forms the basis of the whole modern theory of the relative rest (Static) and the relative motion (Kinematic and Kinetic) of invariable systems.
1085:
in metric geometry, and "metric geometry was too challenging to orthodox epistemology to be pursued." In 1992, Farwell and Knee continued their study of Clifford and Riemann:
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on the curved space concepts of Riemann, and included speculation on the bending of space by gravity. Clifford's translation of Riemann's paper was published in
832:. Animated by an intense love of his conception of truth and devotion to public duty, he waged war on such ecclesiastical systems as seemed to him to favour
579:
he called it, eventually realized the long sought goal of creating an algebra that mirrors the movements and projections of objects in 3-dimensional space.
1278:
1246:
1528:
This passage is immediately followed by a section on "The bending of space." However, according to the preface (p.vii), this section was written by
3219:
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563:). He understood the geometric nature of Grassmann's creation, and that the quaternions fit cleanly into the algebra Grassmann had developed. The
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in quaternions facilitate representation of rotation. Clifford laid the foundation for a geometric product, composed of the sum of the
883:
Clifford argues that the ship-owner was guilty of the deaths of the passengers even though he sincerely believed the ship was sound: "
4266:
1230:
131:
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on 7 April 1875, with whom he had two children. Clifford enjoyed entertaining children and wrote a collection of fairy stories,
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2505:
4392:
4387:
4362:
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Farwell, Ruth; Knee, Christopher (1990). "The End of the Absolute: a nineteenth century contribution to General Relativity".
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1854:
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1602:
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372:
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In 1878, Clifford published a seminal work, building on Grassmann's extensive algebra. He had succeeded in unifying the
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Dechant, Pierre-Philippe (March 2014). "A Clifford algebraic framework for Coxeter group theoretic computations".
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2417:
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2546:
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942:, there are some remarkable observations he made in print that foreshadowed these modern concepts: In his book
587:
classes - as real algebras - have been identified in other mathematical systems beyond simply the quaternions.
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2086:
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as his independent development. The book continues with a chapter "On the bending of space", the substance of
571:
and Grassmann's outer product. The geometric product was eventually formalized by the Hungarian mathematician
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might be a manifestation of an underlying geometry. In his philosophical writings he coined the expression
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809:, and the rest of the world. This leads to results which would in a loose and popular sense be called
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into an encyclopedic article, rather than a list of quotations, please do so and remove this message.
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894:: "it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence."
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in 1867 and second Smith's prizeman. In 1870, he was part of an expedition to Italy to observe the
287:
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Space Through the Ages: The Evolution of Geometrical Ideas from Pythagoras to Hilbert and Einstein
452:’s 1854 essay "On the hypotheses which lie at the bases of geometry". In 1870, he reported to the
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1368:"It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence."
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2159:. 1962 . "Curved empty space as the building material of the physical world: an assessment." In
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The grave in Highgate Cemetery - East - of William Kingdon Clifford, just north of the grave of
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2264:, and Christopher Knee. 1992. "The Geometric Challenge of Riemann and Clifford." Pp. 98–106 in
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Elements of Dynamic: An Introduction to the Study of Motion And Rest In Solid And Fluid Bodies
1751:
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Elements of Dynamic: An Introduction to the Study of Motion And Rest In Solid And Fluid Bodies
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952:, which other authors later used as a model for relativistic velocity. Elsewhere he states:
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2403:
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1939:
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948:(1878), he introduced "quasi-harmonic motion in a hyperbola". He wrote an expression for a
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856:'s model of the nervous system and, through him, the work of Janet, Freud, Ribot, and Ey.
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of 22 December 1870. During that voyage he survived a shipwreck along the Sicilian coast.
8:
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As a philosopher, Clifford's name is chiefly associated with two phrases of his coining,
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1906:
836:, and to put the claims of sect above those of human society. The alarm was greater, as
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2350:
2000:
1955:
1929:
1887:
1499:
1465:
1398:"I was not, and was conceived. I loved and did a little work. I am not and grieve not."
987:
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1959:
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itself as well as to curved lines and surfaces. Clifford was very much impressed by
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2027:
1992:
1947:
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1812:
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Clifford, William K. 1873. "On the hypotheses which lie at the bases of geometry."
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theory, be reckoned on the idealist side. To speak technically, it is an idealist
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1435:
1338:"I…hold that in the physical world nothing else takes place but this variation ."
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467:
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opened new possibilities in geometry in Clifford's era. The field of intrinsic
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1996:
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Clifford, William K. 1878. "Applications of Grassmann's Extensive Algebra."
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Clifford, William (1878). "Applications of Grassmann's extensive algebra".
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In Mathematical Circles: A Selection of Mathematical Stories and Anecdotes
1750:. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan and Company. p. 20. Archived from
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formulation of general relativity by crediting Clifford as the initiator.
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Such Silver Currents - The Story of William and Lucy Clifford, 1845-1929
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2603:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 506.
2004:
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Clifford, William K. 2007 . "On the Space-Theory of Matter." P. 71 in
1358:"Some of the conditions of mental development" (1882), lecture to the
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From Kant to Hilbert: A Source Book in the Foundations of Mathematics
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of known algebras, and proposed instead two other tensor products of
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259:
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2617:"William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879) and his wife Lucy (1846-1929)"
2426:
1985:
Clifford, William K. 1878. "On the Nature of Things-in-Themselves."
1883:
1048:
recalls Clifford's prescience, quoting him in order to describe the
910:" lecture. Often these two works are read and published together as
305:
In 1871, he was appointed professor of mathematics and mechanics at
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2842:, Department of Design and Innovation, the Open University, London.
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2814:
1839:
Biggs, Norman L.; Lloyd, Edward Keith; Wilson, Robin James (1976).
1619:
998:(1923), for instance, mentioned Clifford as one of those who, like
837:
829:
424:
Volumes 1 (1878) and 2 (1887) containing books I-IV of Clifford's "
409:
Title page of Volume 1 (1878) containing books I-III of Clifford's
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1934:
1013:, in which he discusses the prescience of Clifford on relativity:
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3322:
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Clifford, William Kingdon, William James, and A.J. Burger (Ed.),
2721:
The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe
2703:
Lectures on Ten British Mathematicians of the Nineteenth Century.
1460:
282:, William Clifford was educated at Doctor Templeton's Academy on
97:
2698:
Lectures on Ten British Mathematicians of the Nineteenth Century
1974:
Lectures and Essays by the Late William Kingdon Clifford, F.R.S.
994:, various authors noted that Clifford had anticipated Einstein.
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2755:
Lectures and Essays by the Late William Kingdon Clifford, F.R.S
2744:
Lectures and Essays by the Late William Kingdon Clifford, F.R.S
1747:
Lectures and Essays by the Late William Kingdon Clifford, F.R.S
1557:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 592.
818:
610:, which inhabit this 3-sphere, provide a representation of the
607:
564:
70:
1907:"On the Evolution of Geometric Algebra and Geometric Calculus"
1798:), translated by W. K. Clifford. – via School of Mathematics,
890:
Clifford famously concludes with what has come to be known as
3347:
2900:
919:
445:
420:
74:
1777:. Vol. 3–4. Prindle, Weber and Schmidt. pp. 91–92.
885:
e had no right to believe on such evidence as was before him
2928:
801:
1027:
Congress for Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science
485:. Equidistant curves in elliptic space are now said to be
3010:
2713:
Cambridge Scholars Press, Cambridge, UK 978-1847-18503-7.
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1682:
1680:
1678:
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1670:
229:(4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879) was a British
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Clifford, William K. 1996 . "Elements of Dynamic" 2. In
2347:
Beyond Geometry: Classic Papers from Riemann to Einstein
1145:
1878. "Applications of Grassmann's Extensive Algebra."
345:
after a few months, leaving a widow with two children.
2643:(The on-line version lacks the article's photographs.)
1667:
732:. The algebra of dual quaternions is used to express
708:
678:
627:
1792:
On the hypotheses which lie at the bases of geometry
651:: Clifford argued that the "scalars" taken from the
1826:Clifford, William K. 1882. "Paper #9." P. 55–71 in
934:Though Clifford never constructed a full theory of
393:"Clifford was above all and before all a geometer."
294:, where he was elected fellow in 1868, after being
2718:
2310:Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
2268:, edited by L. Boi, D. Flament, and J. Salanskis.
720:
690:
639:
286:and showed great promise at school. He went on to
2783:
1102:On the aims and instruments of scientific thought
1002:, anticipated the geometric ideas of relativity.
743:William Kingdon Clifford (1901), as shown on the
606:embedded in a four-dimensional space. Quaternion
16:British mathematician and philosopher (1845–1879)
4319:
1838:
1723:. Cambridge: The Lutterworth Press. p. 26.
2758:. Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan and Company.
2747:. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan and Company.
1587:From Past to Future: GraĂźmann's Work in Context
772:conception, suggested to him by his reading of
2751:
2740:
1743:
1589:. Basel, Germany: Springer. pp. 243–260.
981:In 1910, William Barrett Frankland quoted the
786:"On the Nature of Things-in-Themselves" (1878)
2861:
2161:Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science
348:Clifford and his wife are buried in London's
2752:Stephen, Leslie; Pollock, Frederick (1879).
2741:Stephen, Leslie; Pollock, Frederick (1879).
2668:Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
2249:Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
1744:Stephen, Leslie; Pollock, Frederick (1901).
1550:
1268:Table of contents page for an 1885 copy of "
929:
776:, which Clifford (1878) defined as follows:
2665:
2495:. Science and Technology Library. FR 14652.
1058:(1970) summarizes Clifford's premonitions:
2875:
2868:
2854:
2806:Works by or about William Kingdon Clifford
2694:
1050:Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric
602:of quaternions, thanks to its notion of a
45:
4267:Relationship between religion and science
2779:William and Lucy Clifford (with pictures)
1933:
1700:
1621:Geometric Algebra for Computer Scientists
1158:—includes four popular science lectures:
262:. Clifford was the first to suggest that
19:For other people with the same name, see
2651:. Cambridge, UK: The Lutterworth Press.
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2614:
2589:
1869:
1718:
1688:
1577:
863:
738:
491:
419:
404:
2795:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
2716:
2711:W.K. Clifford and "The Ethics of Belief
1919:
1702:"Clifford, William Kingdon (CLFT863WK)"
1551:Doran, Chris; Lasenby, Anthony (2007).
972:. Clifford also discussed his views in
598:have been expanded through the algebra
466:", was published in 1876, anticipating
4383:Academics of University College London
4320:
3193:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
2538:The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences
1648:
1286:The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences
1270:The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences
1254:The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences
1238:The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences
1210:The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences
4373:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
4338:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
2849:
2622:Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras
2239:
2237:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
1922:Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras
1617:
373:Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras
309:, and in 1874 became a fellow of the
4368:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
1904:
1772:
1297:
1179:I & II, with an introduction by
1094:
51:William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879)
4348:19th-century English mathematicians
462:in 1873. His report at Cambridge, "
335:
241:, he introduced what is now termed
13:
2608:
2234:
2225:Dictionary of the History of Ideas
2103:Frankland, William Barrett. 1910.
2087:Common Sense of the Exact Sciences
2045:
964:, though Clifford made these into
736:, a common mapping in kinematics.
376:publishes on Clifford's legacy in
14:
4429:
4343:19th-century British philosophers
2815:Works by William Kingdon Clifford
2770:Works by William Kingdon Clifford
2763:
2701:. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
614:. Clifford noted that Hamilton's
474:by 40 years. Clifford elaborated
21:William Clifford (disambiguation)
4302:
4301:
4291:
2822:
2577:
2266:1830–1930: A Century of Geometry
1554:Geometric Algebra for Physicists
1519:The italics are in the original.
1504:Philosophical Papers and Letters
1302:
1277:
1261:
1245:
1229:
1186:1881. "Mathematical fragments" (
1025:, during the 1960 International
960:This passage makes reference to
4413:Tuberculosis deaths in Portugal
4378:Alumni of King's College London
2551:
2529:
2498:
2477:
2450:
2432:
2418:American Journal of Mathematics
2409:
2389:
2364:
2349:, edited by P. Pesic. Mineola:
2339:
2297:
2255:
2214:
2194:
2174:
2150:
2134:
2114:
2097:
2078:
2010:
1979:
1966:
1913:
1898:
1872:American Journal of Mathematics
1863:
1832:
1820:
1805:
1781:
1522:
1513:
1488:
1284:First page of an 1885 copy of "
1252:Title page of an 1885 copy of "
1148:American Journal of Mathematics
672:. In terms of tensor products,
454:Cambridge Philosophical Society
313:. He was also a member of the
2695:Macfarlane, Alexander (1916).
2246:, and Christopher Knee. 1990.
2189:The Natural Philosophy of Time
2187:(1st ed.). pp. 246–47.—1980 .
2185:The Natural Philosophy of Time
2145:The Development of Mathematics
1766:
1737:
1712:
1694:
1653:. Phillimore. pp. 64–66.
1642:
1611:
1571:
1544:
1116:1877. "The Ethics of Belief."
1042:The Natural Philosophy of Time
1011:The Development of Mathematics
791:Regarding Clifford's concept,
440:was born, with the concept of
387:
1:
2370:Clifford, William K. 1886 . "
2305:On the Space-Theory of Matter
2303:Clifford, William K. 1876 . "
1476:
1293:
1110:On the Space-Theory of Matter
975:On the Space-Theory of Matter
755:
464:On the Space-Theory of Matter
360:, just north of the grave of
4393:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
4388:Fellows of the Royal Society
4363:British relativity theorists
4232:Desacralization of knowledge
2709:Madigan, Timothy J. (2010).
2706:(See especially pages 78–91)
2688:10.1016/0039-3681(90)90016-2
2547:Kegan, Paul, Trench, and Co.
2483:Clifford, William K. 1881. "
2456:Clifford, William K. 1901 .
2386:. – via A. J. Burger (2008).
2058:Clifford, William K. 1877. "
1595:10.1007/978-3-0346-0405-5_22
1538:
840:was still unreconciled with
813:. But the theory must, as a
768:. The former symbolizes his
658:might instead be taken from
273:
7:
3644:Best of all possible worlds
3601:Eschatological verification
3158:Fine-tuning of the universe
2821:(public domain audiobooks)
2737:(See especially Chapter 11)
2535:Clifford, William K. 1885.
2504:Clifford, William K. 1882.
2438:Clifford, William K. 1879.
2395:Clifford, William K. 1878.
2084:Clifford, William K. 1885.
1845:. Oxford University Press.
1706:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1409:
1321:using the Transwiki process
950:parametrized unit hyperbola
538:
315:London Mathematical Society
10:
4434:
2790:"William Kingdon Clifford"
2276:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2109:Cambridge University Press
2092:Kegan Paul, Trench and Co.
2032:10.1177/0957154x0001104305
1708:. University of Cambridge.
1201:, with an introduction by
1170:"Of Boundaries in General"
850:psychophysical parallelism
721:{\displaystyle H\otimes N}
691:{\displaystyle H\otimes D}
640:{\displaystyle H\otimes C}
292:Trinity College, Cambridge
237:. Building on the work of
128:Clifford's circle theorems
114:Trinity College, Cambridge
18:
4287:
4219:
4123:
4008:
3928:
3863:
3785:
3692:
3677:
3629:
3591:
3303:
3228:
3103:
3094:
3024:
2961:
2952:
2883:
2595:Clifford, William Kingdon
2331:proceedingscamb06socigoog
2169:Stanford University Press
2020:. 2000. "Body and Mind."
1952:10.1007/s00006-013-0422-4
930:Premonition of relativity
859:
307:University College London
215:
205:
200:University College London
195:
181:
174:
163:
119:
105:
82:
56:
44:
30:
3873:Friedrich Schleiermacher
3459:Theories about religions
3261:Inconsistent revelations
2840:William Kingdon Clifford
2800:University of St Andrews
2487:" (facsimile). London:
2292:10.1007/3-540-55408-4_56
2271:Lecture Notes in Physics
1773:Eves, Howard W. (1969).
1578:Hestenes, David (2011).
1502:(8 September 1679)." In
1481:
1471:Will to Believe Doctrine
1416:Bessel–Clifford function
1167:"The Brain and Thinking"
604:three-dimensional sphere
399:Henry John Stephen Smith
245:, a special case of the
222:William Kingdon Clifford
148:Bessel–Clifford function
4418:British epistemologists
2717:Penrose, Roger (2004).
2629:: 27–41. Archived from
2600:Encyclopædia Britannica
2567:Oxford University Press
2462:I (3rd ed.), edited by
2406:– via Internet Archive.
2229:Charles Scribner's Sons
2157:Wheeler, John Archibald
2105:Theories of Parallelism
2065:23 January 2014 at the
1842:Graph Theory: 1736-1936
1161:"The Eye and the Brain"
476:elliptic space geometry
4408:Scientists from Exeter
3737:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
2877:Philosophy of religion
2493:University of Bordeaux
2485:Mathematical Fragments
2223:. 1973. "Relativity."
1997:10.1093/mind/os-3.9.57
1800:Trinity College Dublin
1649:Harvey, Hazel (1996).
1406:
1394:
1379:
1364:
1349:
1134:Book I: "Translations"
1092:
1023:John Archibald Wheeler
983:Space-Theory of Matter
873:
854:John Hughlings Jackson
823:
789:
752:
722:
692:
641:
549:William Rowan Hamilton
502:
434:non-Euclidean geometry
429:
417:
403:
4272:Faith and rationality
4227:Criticism of religion
4165:Robert Merrihew Adams
4155:Nicholas Wolterstorff
3358:Divine command theory
2647:Chisholm, M. (2002).
2615:Chisholm, M. (1997).
2472:The Macmillan Company
2378:(2nd ed.), edited by
2181:Whitrow, Gerald James
2023:History of Psychiatry
2016:Clifford, C. K., and
1719:Chisholm, M. (2002).
1396:
1381:
1366:
1351:
1336:
1181:Sir Frederick Pollock
1137:Book II: "Rotations"
1087:
990:had been advanced by
867:
797:
793:Sir Frederick Pollock
778:
742:
723:
693:
660:split-complex numbers
642:
519:. His application of
495:
438:differential geometry
423:
408:
391:
352:, near the graves of
288:King's College London
110:King's College London
4262:Religious philosophy
3742:Pico della Mirandola
3707:Anselm of Canterbury
3639:Augustinian theodicy
3551:Religious skepticism
2884:Concepts in religion
2832:The Ethics of Belief
2786:Robertson, Edmund F.
2372:The Ethics of Belief
2060:The Ethics of Belief
1828:Mathematical Papers.
1796:Habilitationsschrift
1721:Such Silver Currents
1580:"Grassmann's legacy"
1498:. 1976 . "Letter to
1421:Clifford's principle
1389:The Ethics of Belief
1374:The Ethics of Belief
1164:"The Eye and Seeing"
1046:Gerald James Whitrow
914:for the debate over
892:Clifford's principle
878:The Ethics of Belief
706:
676:
625:
612:rotation group SO(3)
529:William Spottiswoode
319:Metaphysical Society
252:mathematical physics
4247:History of religion
3948:Friedrich Nietzsche
3825:Gottfried W Leibniz
3820:Nicolas Malebranche
3752:King James VI and I
3032:Abrahamic religions
2784:O'Connor, John J.;
2725:. Alfred A. Knopf.
2680:1990SHPSA..21...91F
2507:Mathematical Papers
2459:Lectures and Essays
2441:Seeing and Thinking
2376:Lectures and Essays
2359:2007bgcp.book...71K
2191:(2nd ed.). pp. 291.
2072:Contemporary Review
1944:2012arXiv1207.5005D
1618:Dorst, Leo (2009).
1344:Mathematical Papers
1325:If the page can be
1313:is a candidate for
1221:Elements of Dynamic
1195:Mathematical Papers
1177:Lectures and Essays
1156:Seeing and Thinking
1140:Book III: "Strains"
1119:Contemporary Review
966:split-biquaternions
945:Elements of Dynamic
876:In his 1877 essay,
749:Lectures and Essays
700:split-biquaternions
551:, with Grassmann's
527:was followed up by
516:Elements of Dynamic
511:projective geometry
444:broadly applied to
426:Elements of Dynamic
413:Elements of Dynamic
157:Elements of Dynamic
140:Clifford–Klein form
4257:Religious language
4237:Ethics in religion
4195:William Lane Craig
4070:Charles Hartshorne
3810:Desiderius Erasmus
3712:Augustine of Hippo
3654:Inconsistent triad
3616:Apophatic theology
3611:Logical positivism
3593:Religious language
3213:Watchmaker analogy
3178:Necessary existent
2954:Conceptions of God
2914:Intelligent design
2514:, introduction by
2351:Dover Publications
2201:Lanczos, Cornelius
1496:Leibniz, Gottfried
1466:Split-biquaternion
988:general relativity
970:general relativity
874:
753:
734:screw displacement
718:
688:
637:
503:
487:Clifford parallels
472:general relativity
430:
418:
132:Clifford's theorem
4315:
4314:
4215:
4214:
4175:Peter van Inwagen
4160:Richard Swinburne
4105:George I Mavrodes
3965:Vladimir Solovyov
3905:Søren Kierkegaard
3830:William Wollaston
3777:William of Ockham
3757:Marcion of Sinope
3659:Irenaean theodicy
3649:Euthyphro dilemma
3576:Transcendentalism
3405:Womanist theology
3395:Feminist theology
3299:
3298:
3090:
3089:
2976:Divine simplicity
2896:Euthyphro dilemma
2774:Project Gutenberg
2658:978-0-7188-3017-5
2489:Macmillan Company
2446:Macmillan and Co.
2404:MacMillan and Co.
2284:978-3-540-47058-8
2141:Bell, Eric Temple
2125:Raum Zeit Materie
1905:Hestenes, David.
1856:978-0-19-853916-2
1788:Riemann, Bernhard
1730:978-0-7188-3017-5
1604:978-3-0346-0404-8
1500:Christian Huygens
1426:Clifford analysis
1360:Royal Institution
1335:
1334:
1203:Henry J. S. Smith
1095:Selected writings
1056:Cornelius Lanczos
1033:, introduced his
513:and the textbook
432:The discovery of
350:Highgate Cemetery
330:The Little People
324:Clifford married
243:geometric algebra
239:Hermann Grassmann
219:
218:
206:Doctoral students
176:Scientific career
144:Clifford parallel
4425:
4398:Second Wranglers
4353:English atheists
4305:
4304:
4295:
4200:Ali Akbar Rashad
4063:Reinhold Niebuhr
4023:Bertrand Russell
4018:George Santayana
3915:Albrecht Ritschl
3900:Ludwig Feuerbach
3690:
3689:
3686:(by date active)
3546:Process theology
3291:Russell's teapot
3101:
3100:
3096:Existence of God
3006:Process theology
2959:
2958:
2944:Theological veto
2907:religious belief
2870:
2863:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2826:
2825:
2810:Internet Archive
2802:
2759:
2748:
2736:
2724:
2705:
2691:
2662:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2633:on 3 August 2020
2604:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2570:
2555:
2549:
2533:
2527:
2524:Internet Archive
2520:MacMillan and Co
2502:
2496:
2481:
2475:
2454:
2448:
2436:
2430:
2413:
2407:
2400:I, II, & III
2393:
2387:
2384:Macmillan and Co
2382:and F. Pollock.
2368:
2362:
2343:
2337:
2335:Internet Archive
2301:
2295:
2259:
2253:
2241:
2232:
2221:Hoffmann, Banesh
2218:
2212:
2198:
2192:
2178:
2172:
2154:
2148:
2138:
2132:
2118:
2112:
2101:
2095:
2082:
2076:
2056:
2043:
2014:
2008:
1983:
1977:
1972:Frontispiece of
1970:
1964:
1963:
1937:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1665:
1664:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1548:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1492:
1404:
1392:
1377:
1362:
1347:
1330:
1306:
1298:
1281:
1265:
1249:
1233:
1035:geometrodynamics
1007:Eric Temple Bell
1000:Bernhard Riemann
787:
730:dual quaternions
727:
725:
724:
719:
697:
695:
694:
689:
646:
644:
643:
638:
596:complex analysis
560:exterior product
525:invariant theory
450:Bernhard Riemann
401:
382:abstract algebra
369:academic journal
336:Death and legacy
290:(at age 15) and
247:Clifford algebra
228:
124:Clifford algebra
93:
91:
67:
65:
49:
39:
32:William Clifford
28:
27:
4433:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4283:
4211:
4207:Alexander Pruss
4190:Jean-Luc Marion
4145:Alvin Plantinga
4140:Dewi Z Phillips
4127:
4125:
4119:
4090:Walter Kaufmann
4080:Frithjof Schuon
4053:Rudolf Bultmann
4010:
4004:
4000:Joseph Maréchal
3990:Pavel Florensky
3985:Sergei Bulgakov
3970:Ernst Troeltsch
3953:Harald Høffding
3930:
3924:
3895:William Whewell
3883:Georg W F Hegel
3878:Karl C F Krause
3865:
3859:
3855:Johann G Herder
3845:Baron d'Holbach
3795:Augustin Calmet
3781:
3697:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3673:
3631:Problem of evil
3625:
3621:Verificationism
3587:
3295:
3241:Atheist's Wager
3224:
3086:
3020:
2948:
2924:Problem of evil
2879:
2874:
2823:
2766:
2733:
2659:
2636:
2634:
2611:
2609:Further reading
2593:, ed. (1911). "
2578:
2576:
2573:
2556:
2552:
2541:, completed by
2534:
2530:
2503:
2499:
2482:
2478:
2455:
2451:
2437:
2433:
2427:10.2307/2369379
2414:
2410:
2394:
2390:
2374:" (full text).
2369:
2365:
2344:
2340:
2302:
2298:
2260:
2256:
2242:
2235:
2219:
2215:
2199:
2195:
2179:
2175:
2155:
2151:
2139:
2135:
2129:Springer-Verlag
2119:
2115:
2102:
2098:
2083:
2079:
2067:Wayback Machine
2057:
2046:
2026:11(43):311–38.
2015:
2011:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1918:
1914:
1903:
1899:
1884:10.2307/2369379
1868:
1864:
1857:
1837:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1817:8:14–17, 36–37.
1810:
1806:
1786:
1782:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1754:on 3 March 2008
1742:
1738:
1731:
1717:
1713:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1668:
1661:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1628:. p. 664.
1626:Morgan Kaufmann
1616:
1612:
1605:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1446:Clifford number
1441:Clifford module
1436:Clifford bundle
1412:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1342:
1331:
1324:
1307:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1250:
1241:
1234:
1212:, completed by
1097:
1071:(1973) writes:
1069:Banesh Hoffmann
992:Albert Einstein
932:
908:Will to Believe
862:
788:
785:
758:
707:
704:
703:
677:
674:
673:
653:complex numbers
626:
623:
622:
547:, developed by
541:
507:algebraic forms
501:
468:Albert Einstein
402:
397:
390:
358:Herbert Spencer
338:
296:Second Wrangler
276:
224:
188:
154:
152:Dual quaternion
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
112:
106:Alma mater
101:
95:
89:
87:
78:
68:
63:
61:
52:
40:
35:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4431:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4299:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4220:Related topics
4217:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4180:Daniel Dennett
4177:
4172:
4170:Ravi Zacharias
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4135:William L Rowe
4131:
4129:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4110:William Alston
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4058:Gabriel Marcel
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3995:Ernst Cassirer
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3890:Thomas Carlyle
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3815:Baruch Spinoza
3812:
3807:
3802:
3800:René Descartes
3797:
3791:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3772:Thomas Aquinas
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3687:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3541:Possibilianism
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3417:Fundamentalism
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3378:Existentialism
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:Noncognitivism
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3220:Transcendental
3217:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3188:Pascal's wager
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3118:
3116:Christological
3113:
3107:
3105:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
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3044:
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3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
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2978:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
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2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
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2911:
2910:
2909:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2827:
2812:
2803:
2781:
2776:
2765:
2764:External links
2762:
2761:
2760:
2749:
2738:
2731:
2714:
2707:
2692:
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2644:
2610:
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2591:Chisholm, Hugh
2572:
2571:
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2528:
2516:H. J. S. Smith
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2213:
2209:Academic Press
2193:
2173:
2149:
2133:
2113:
2096:
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2044:
2009:
1978:
1965:
1912:
1897:
1878:(4): 350–358.
1862:
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1711:
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1691:, p. 506.
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1431:Clifford gates
1428:
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1385:
1370:
1355:
1340:
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1236:1885 copy of "
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1206:
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1171:
1168:
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1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1078:
1077:
1065:
1064:
1052:in cosmology.
1020:
1019:
958:
957:
931:
928:
861:
858:
783:
774:Baruch Spinoza
757:
754:
717:
714:
711:
687:
684:
681:
636:
633:
630:
620:tensor product
590:The realms of
540:
537:
496:
395:
389:
386:
341:died there of
337:
334:
284:Bedford Circus
275:
272:
217:
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207:
203:
202:
197:
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136:Clifford torus
121:
120:Known for
117:
116:
107:
103:
102:
96:
84:
80:
79:
69:
58:
54:
53:
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42:
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9:
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4:
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4260:
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4230:
4228:
4225:
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4222:
4218:
4208:
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4198:
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4188:
4186:
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4178:
4176:
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4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4150:Anthony Kenny
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4138:
4136:
4133:
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4122:
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4088:
4086:
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4075:Mircea Eliade
4073:
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4068:
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4015:
4013:
4007:
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3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:William James
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:Ernst Haeckel
3936:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
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3891:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Immanuel Kant
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Blaise Pascal
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
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3609:
3607:
3606:Language game
3604:
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3465:
3462:
3460:
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3448:
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3440:
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3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3276:Occam's razor
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
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3141:
3137:
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3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Consciousness
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3080:
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3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3016:Unmoved mover
3014:
3012:
3011:Supreme Being
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
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2801:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
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2767:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2734:
2732:9780679454434
2728:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2674:(1): 91–121.
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2586:public domain
2575:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2491:. Located at
2490:
2486:
2480:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2333: at the
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2262:Farwell, Ruth
2258:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2244:Farwell, Ruth
2240:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2147:. pp. 359–60.
2146:
2142:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:Weyl, Hermann
2117:
2110:
2107:. Cambridge:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2073:
2068:
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2061:
2055:
2053:
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2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2018:G. E. Berrios
2013:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1928:(1): 89–108.
1927:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1858:
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1829:
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1816:
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1749:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1722:
1715:
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1703:
1697:
1690:
1689:Chisholm 1911
1685:
1683:
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1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1660:1 86077 006 1
1656:
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1645:
1637:
1635:9780123749420
1631:
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1624:. Amsterdam:
1623:
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1215:
1211:
1207:
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1199:Robert Tucker
1196:
1192:
1189:
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1178:
1174:
1169:
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1160:
1159:
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1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1090:rediscovered.
1086:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1047:
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1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
979:
977:
976:
971:
967:
963:
962:biquaternions
955:
954:
953:
951:
947:
946:
941:
937:
927:
925:
921:
917:
916:evidentialism
913:
909:
905:
904:William James
901:
895:
893:
888:
886:
881:
879:
871:
866:
857:
855:
852:' influenced
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:consciousness
803:
796:
794:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
750:
746:
741:
737:
735:
731:
715:
712:
709:
701:
685:
682:
679:
671:
668:
664:
661:
657:
654:
650:
634:
631:
628:
621:
617:
616:biquaternions
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:real analysis
588:
586:
580:
576:
574:
570:
569:inner product
566:
562:
561:
556:
555:
554:outer product
550:
546:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
508:
500:
494:
490:
488:
484:
481:
480:non-Euclidean
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
427:
422:
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311:Royal Society
308:
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300:solar eclipse
297:
293:
289:
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231:mathematician
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168:Lucy Clifford
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72:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
29:
26:
22:
4276:
4095:Martin Lings
4048:Emil Brunner
4038:Paul Tillich
4028:Martin Buber
3943:W K Clifford
3942:
3920:Afrikan Spir
3835:Thomas Chubb
3787:Early modern
3767:Adi Shankara
3680:Philosophers
3664:Natural evil
3580:
3556:Spiritualism
3531:Perennialism
3484:Metaphysical
3328:Antireligion
3203:Teleological
3126:Cosmological
3077:Baháʼà Faith
3042:Christianity
3001:Personal god
2831:
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2631:the original
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825:
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669:
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665:or from the
662:
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559:
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521:graph theory
514:
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497:Clifford by
483:metric space
457:
431:
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366:
354:George Eliot
347:
343:tuberculosis
339:
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210:Arthur Black
196:Institutions
175:
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86:3 March 1879
25:
4403:Panpsychism
4358:Algebraists
4333:1879 deaths
4328:1845 births
4115:Antony Flew
4100:Peter Geach
4033:René Guénon
3980:Lev Shestov
3975:Rudolf Otto
3682:of religion
3521:Panentheism
3454:Inclusivism
3373:Exclusivism
3368:Esotericism
3338:Creationism
3318:Agnosticism
3286:Poor design
3281:Omnipotence
3208:Natural law
3183:Ontological
3136:Contingency
2986:Holy Spirit
2838:Joe Rooney
2563:W. B. Ewald
2421:1(4):353.
1651:Exeter Past
1506:(2nd ed.).
1029:(CLMPS) at
912:touchstones
826:Tribal self
811:materialist
766:tribal self
585:isomorphism
545:quaternions
388:Mathematics
264:gravitation
235:philosopher
186:Mathematics
170:(1875–1879)
4322:Categories
4085:J L Mackie
4043:Karl Barth
3840:David Hume
3762:Maimonides
3747:Heraclitus
3536:Polytheism
3506:Nondualism
3494:Humanistic
3479:Naturalism
3469:Monotheism
3427:Henotheism
3422:Gnosticism
3353:Demonology
3236:747 gambit
3153:Experience
2991:Misotheism
2565:. Oxford.
2545:. London:
2543:K. Pearson
2518:. London:
2468:F. Pollock
2464:L. Stephen
2444:. London:
2402:. London:
2380:L. Stephen
2313:2:157–58.
2252:21:91–121.
2127:. Berlin:
2090:. London:
1790:. 1867 . "
1477:References
1311:This page
1294:Quotations
1188:facsimiles
1067:Likewise,
1009:published
940:relativity
924:overbelief
900:pragmatist
762:mind-stuff
756:Philosophy
378:kinematics
268:mind-stuff
190:Philosophy
100:, Portugal
90:1879-03-04
64:1845-05-04
60:4 May 1845
4185:Loyal Rue
3910:Karl Marx
3732:Gaudapada
3561:Shamanism
3526:Pantheism
3511:Nontheism
3489:Religious
3474:Mysticism
3447:Christian
3437:Religious
3388:Atheistic
3383:Christian
3266:Nonbelief
3251:Free will
3067:Mormonism
2891:Afterlife
2512:R. Tucker
2327:20550270M
2211:. p. 222.
1935:1207.5005
1539:Citations
1319:Wikiquote
1151:1(4):353.
1104:, 524–41.
1080:In 1990,
1005:In 1940,
978:in 1876.
936:spacetime
870:Karl Marx
842:Darwinism
751:, vol. 2.
713:⊗
698:produces
683:⊗
632:⊗
557:(aka the
442:curvature
362:Karl Marx
326:Lucy Lane
274:Biography
260:computing
94:(aged 33)
77:, England
4307:Category
4252:Religion
4242:Exegesis
3727:Boethius
3722:Averroes
3717:Avicenna
3699:medieval
3669:Theodicy
3516:Pandeism
3432:Humanism
3400:Thealogy
3343:Dharmism
3313:Acosmism
3305:Theology
3173:Morality
3168:Miracles
3047:Hinduism
3037:Buddhism
2996:Pandeism
2971:Demiurge
2939:Theodicy
2819:LibriVox
2637:22 April
2522:. – via
2203:. 1970.
2183:. 1961.
2165:E. Nagel
2143:. 1940.
2131:. p. 101
2123:. 1923.
2063:Archived
2040:11640231
1976:, vol 2.
1960:54035515
1508:Springer
1410:See also
1401:—
1386:—
1371:—
1356:—
1341:—
1327:expanded
1317:over to
1044:(1961),
1031:Stanford
906:in his "
838:theology
830:religion
784:—
764:and the
702:, while
539:Algebras
396:—
317:and the
278:Born in
256:geometry
4278:more...
4011:postwar
3694:Ancient
3582:more...
3501:New Age
3442:Secular
3412:Fideism
3363:Dualism
3333:Atheism
3323:Animism
3229:Against
3072:Sikhism
3062:Judaism
3057:Jainism
2966:Brahman
2919:Miracle
2808:at the
2676:Bibcode
2588::
2355:Bibcode
2319:6084206
2094:p. 214.
2075:29:289.
2005:2246617
1940:Bibcode
1892:2369379
1758:8 March
1461:Simplex
1403:Epitaph
1391:(1879)
1376:(1879)
1315:copying
1122:29:289.
1107:1876 .
795:wrote:
618:were a
608:versors
565:versors
98:Madeira
88: (
62: (
4297:Portal
3571:Theism
3464:Monism
3198:Reason
3148:Desire
3143:Degree
3111:Beauty
3025:God in
2981:Egoism
2934:Spirit
2729:
2655:
2582:
2325:
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2038:
2003:
1958:
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1219:1887.
1208:1885.
1193:1882.
1175:1879.
1154:1879:
1125:1878.
1100:1872.
922:, and
860:Ethics
848:' or '
819:monism
728:forms
459:Nature
280:Exeter
258:, and
182:Fields
164:Spouse
71:Exeter
3566:Taoic
3348:Deism
3131:Kalam
3082:Wicca
3052:Islam
2901:Faith
2274:402.
2001:JSTOR
1956:S2CID
1930:arXiv
1888:JSTOR
1847:p. 67
1583:(PDF)
1482:Notes
1456:Rotor
1451:Motor
920:faith
478:as a
446:space
75:Devon
4128:2010
4126:1990
4124:1970
4009:1920
3931:1900
3929:1880
3866:1850
3864:1800
3256:Hell
3246:Evil
3163:Love
2929:Soul
2727:ISBN
2653:ISBN
2639:2007
2466:and
2315:OCLC
2280:ISBN
2036:PMID
1988:Mind
1851:ISBN
1760:2008
1725:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1559:ISBN
938:and
802:atom
594:and
531:and
509:and
380:and
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3696:and
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