248:, Whitman subsequently accepted their offer, followed by Wheeler who was appointed under him as instructor in embryology in 1892. He held this position until 1897, where he became the assistant professor in his chosen field. Before he began his duties at Chicago, Wheeler was given a year's absence, allowing him to study in Europe between 1893 and 1894. There, he first spent time at the Zoological Institute at the University of Würzburg as a student, and also at the Naples Zoological Station. Enamoured by the fauna of Naples, Wheeler studied the sex life of
206:, brought a collection of stuffed and skeletonized mammals, birds and reptiles, and also a series of marine invertebrates to the academy. This was to persuade the city fathers to purchase them and combine them with the present collection at the academy, in which it would lay the foundation for a free municipal museum of natural history. Wheeler, who had familiarized himself with the museum since childhood, volunteered to spend the nights in helping to unpack and install the specimens. Impressed by his enthusiasm, Ward offered Wheeler a job in his
38:
435:, a six-man venture sent for the dual purpose of procuring specimens - the museum being "weak in Australian animals and...desires to complete its series" - and to engage in "the study of the animals of the region when alive." The mission was success with over 300 mammal and thousands of insect specimens returning to the United States.
279:. There, he took the opportunity to reorganize the department as professor of zoology. He remained there until 1903, but during this period was when Wheeler developed an interest in the behavior and classification of ants. The ants would eventually become the predominant group of insects he studied. His two children were also born in
190:, Wisconsin. At a young age, Wheeler had an interest in natural history, first being when he observed a moth ensnared in a spiders web; such observation interested Wheeler that he became importunate for more nature lore. Wheeler attended public school, but, due to "persistently bad behavior", he was transferred to a local
194:
which was known for its extreme discipline. After he completed his courses in the German academy, he attended a German normal school. In both institutions, Wheeler was trained in a variety of subjects: he was given training in languages, philosophy and science. By this time, he could read fluently in
210:
establishment. His first duties were to identify and list birds and mammals and the preparation of catalogues. He was later made a foreman and spent most of his time identifying and arranging the collection of shells, echinoderms, and sponges, as well as preparing catalogues and price lists of these
274:
In 1894 Wheeler returned to the
University of Chicago where he was a teacher of embryology for five years. He continued to publish papers, half of which involved insects. In 1898, Wheeler married Dora Bay Emerson in Chicago, where they had met earlier. In 1899, he was offered the "Professorship In
214:
In 1885, Wheeler returned to
Milwaukee to teach German and physiology at a high school. At the time, George W. Peckham was the principal of the school, in which Wheeler and Peckham formed a close working relationship. Wheeler collaborated with some of Peckham's published papers by illustrating the
243:
in philosophy; his dissertation was "Contribution to Insect
Embryology". At the same time, Wheeler commenced his work on insects and published around 10 entomological papers, which presented himself as a candidate for the degree of Ph.D. After receiving a call from the
294:
made their way to Austin and spent several years studying there in his laboratory. This began an influx of young students, both who were pupils and scientific associates, to study and research for long periods of time under his guidance. Other students include
231:, who were embryologists at the Allis Lake Laboratory in Milwaukee. He was inspired by Patten to study insect embryology and did so for several years. During this time, Wheeler left the high school in 1887 and become a custodian at
864:
986:
About the
Exhibits by Elizabeth Hall and Max Hall (Museum of Comparative Zoology "Agazziz Museum" Harvard University. Third Edition, Copyright 1964, 1975, 1985, by the President and Fellows of Harvard College
1316:
235:, a position he held until 1890. He studied embryology at home and after work hours, in which he had set up a small laboratory. He left Milwaukee after leaving the museum to assist Whitman at
1262:(Page 71 of this book contains the typographical error "T. D. Mitchell" instead of the correct "T. B. Mitchell" — see page 197 of the 1970 biography by Mary A. Evans & Howard E. Evans.)
195:
French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin and
Spanish. While he was a student at the German academy, Wheeler would frequently observe the old museum of natural history at the institution.
1326:
1321:
1331:
439:
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In 1903, Wheeler resigned from his position at the
University of Texas and accepted the position "Curator of Invertebrate Zoology" at the
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in 1915. Donisthorpe and
Wheeler also frequently exchanged specimens, leading the latter to first develop the idea that the
1286:
427:, collecting invertebrates around Barro Colorado and along the railroad in the vicinity of Panama City. Wheeler led the
351:
140:
223:
of spiders, and by assisting him and his wife with their field work on wasps. Wheeler was also under the influence of
971:
180:
William Morton
Wheeler was born on March 19, 1865, to parents Julius Morton Wheeler and Caroline Georgiana Wheeler (
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254:, a subject he further studied at the Institut Zoologique at Liege, Belgium. His monograph on
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Gardiner, J. Stanley (September 1931). "The
Harvard Museum Expedition to Australia".
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316:
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20:
1215:"The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients".
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420:, which had one of the most highly regarded biology programs in the United States.
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A number of students sought to study under
Wheeler; notable entomologists such as
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1168:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on January 2, 2006
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from the National Academy of Sciences in 1922. He was professor of
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U.S. entomologist, myrmecologist and Harvard professor (1865–1937)
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Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
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Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
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Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
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1035:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
1229:
10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2
1327:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
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1164:
1031:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
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Zoology" following the death of professor Norman of the
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1001:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
440:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
379:, it was to Wheeler whom Donisthorpe dedicated his
1247:Six Legs Better: A Cultural History of Myrmecology
1069:Carpenter, F.M. (1938). "William Morton Wheeler".
155:(March 19, 1865 – April 19, 1937) was an American
1204:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoirs
1136:
957:
772:
669:
644:
423:In 1924 he spent about two months in Panama with
1268:
1322:Fellows of the Entomological Society of America
1197:"Biographical Memoir of William Morton Wheeler"
471:Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior
1146:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1332:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1250:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
438:Wheeler was elected in 1901 a fellow of the
402:Ants of the American Museum Congo Expedition
175:
1097:
283:, Illinois while he was staying in Texas.
36:
1068:
1052:
554:
489:
429:Harvard Australian Expedition (1931–1932)
1137:Melander, A.L.; Carpenter, F.M. (1937).
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899:
820:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
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533:
945:A Guide to Stage Beetles of Australia
479:Columbia University Biological Series
433:Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology
359:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
181:
204:Ward's Natural Science Establishment
258:was published in 1897 by professor
13:
390:had its origins in North America.
352:American Museum of Natural History
141:American Museum of Natural History
14:
1343:
1117:Lenfield, S. (July–August 2011).
1100:William Morton Wheeler, Biologist
1098:Evans, M.A.; Evans, H.E. (1999).
1033:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
1061:
1019:Entomological Society of America
966:. Springer. pp. 1153–1154.
444:Entomological Society of America
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1007:
989:
980:
951:
942:George Hangay; Roger de Keyzer
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893:
857:
833:
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368:A close contact of the British
588:
458:His work includes 467 titles.
395:American Philosophical Society
361:in 1909 and the United States
1:
964:Encyclopedia of Entomologists
773:Melander & Carpenter 1937
670:Melander & Carpenter 1937
645:Melander & Carpenter 1937
600:
1312:American non-fiction writers
1166:"Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal"
888:National Academy of Sciences
511:10.1126/science.31.805.860-a
442:and in 1906 a fellow of the
363:National Academy of Sciences
170:
7:
960:"Darlington, Jr., Philip J"
393:Wheeler was elected to the
357:Wheeler was elected to the
211:specimens for publication.
10:
1348:
1287:Harvard University faculty
958:Capinera, John L. (2008).
594:Stated by Wheeler himself.
406:Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal
404:, Wheeler was awarded the
239:, and, by 1892, secured a
100:Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal
18:
1186:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
483:Columbia University Press
455:, is named in his honor.
269:
146:
132:
118:
111:
95:
85:
66:
47:
35:
28:
1139:"William Morton Wheeler"
816:"William Morton Wheeler"
582:
381:first major book on ants
176:Early life and education
78:Cambridge, Massachusetts
19:Not to be confused with
1119:"Ants through the Ages"
1102:. New York: iUniverse.
543:The American Naturalist
233:Milwaukee Public Museum
1292:American entomologists
1043:. ("Wheeler", p. 283).
468:Wheeler, W.M. (1910).
153:William Morton Wheeler
30:William Morton Wheeler
1195:Parker, G.H. (1938).
1158:10.1093/aesa/30.3.432
1015:"List of ESA Fellows"
246:University of Chicago
1223:(1): 403–404. 2007.
869:search.amphilsoc.org
865:"APS Member History"
449:A species of gecko,
345:Philip J. Darlington
325:William S. Creighton
264:Archives de Biologie
202:, proprietor of the
1307:American zoologists
1244:Sleigh, C. (2007).
1055:, pp. 422–423.
914:1931Natur.128..457G
760:, pp. 212–213.
491:Cockerell, T. D. A.
277:University of Texas
208:Rochester, New York
997:"Historic Fellows"
452:Nephrurus wheeleri
414:Harvard University
377:Horace Donisthorpe
354:in New York City.
321:Frank M. Carpenter
165:Harvard University
137:Harvard University
1257:978-0-8018-8445-0
1109:978-1-58348-312-1
1041:978-1-4214-0135-5
908:(3228): 457–458.
845:www.nasonline.org
841:"William Wheeler"
431:on behalf of the
317:George C. Wheeler
200:Henry August Ward
163:and professor at
150:
149:
113:Scientific career
21:George C. Wheeler
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1123:Harvard Magazine
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549:(521): 319–320.
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505:(805): 860–862.
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425:Dr. Nathan Banks
418:Bussey Institute
313:Alfred C. Kinsey
237:Clark University
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1021:. 15 July 2024.
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481:. Vol. 9.
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410:applied biology
337:William M. Mann
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178:
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42:Wheeler in 1910
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12:
11:
5:
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1302:Myrmecologists
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1152:(3): 433–437.
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1083:10.1086/347342
1077:(2): 421–423.
1065:
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1053:Carpenter 1938
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988:
979:
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790:, p. 213.
777:
775:, p. 435.
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748:, p. 212.
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720:
718:, p. 210.
708:
706:, p. 207.
693:
691:, p. 204.
674:
672:, p. 434.
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632:
630:, p. 203.
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556:10.1086/279146
531:
501:. New Series.
463:
460:
400:For his work,
301:T. B. Mitchell
292:A. L. Melander
271:
268:
260:E. Van Beneden
229:William Patten
192:German academy
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74:(aged 72)
70:April 19, 1937
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51:March 19, 1865
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1062:Cited sources
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805:, p. 71.
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535:Parker, G. H.
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370:myrmecologist
366:
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348:
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341:Marston Bates
338:
334:
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329:Neal A. Weber
326:
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297:C. L. Metcalf
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186:Anderson) in
184:
168:
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161:myrmecologist
158:
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127:Myrmecologist
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1172:February 16,
1170:. Retrieved
1149:
1145:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:
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872:. Retrieved
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848:. Retrieved
844:
835:
824:. Retrieved
822:. 2023-02-09
819:
810:
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711:
608:
590:
546:
542:
502:
498:
470:
462:Bibliography
457:
450:
448:
437:
422:
401:
399:
392:
374:coleopterist
367:
356:
349:
285:
273:
263:
255:
249:
225:C.O. Whitman
213:
197:
179:
157:entomologist
152:
151:
133:Institutions
123:Entomologist
112:
72:(1937-04-19)
1297:Ethologists
1282:1937 deaths
1277:1865 births
803:Sleigh 2007
788:Parker 1938
758:Parker 1938
746:Parker 1938
731:Parker 1938
716:Parker 1938
704:Parker 1938
689:Parker 1938
628:Parker 1938
333:J. G. Myers
309:George Salt
305:O. E. Plath
288:C. T. Brues
105:Leidy Award
86:Nationality
1271:Categories
1210:: 201–241.
874:2023-10-26
850:2023-10-26
826:2023-10-26
601:References
385:Formicinae
1237:198160356
1091:144707998
565:0003-0147
519:0036-8075
397:in 1916.
388:subfamily
365:in 1912.
256:Myzostoma
251:Myzostoma
241:doctorate
198:In 1884,
188:Milwaukee
171:Biography
59:Wisconsin
55:Milwaukee
1182:cite web
1128:June 13,
930:29715877
539:"Review"
537:(1910).
495:"Review"
493:(1910).
281:Rockford
221:epigynes
90:American
910:Bibcode
573:2455589
527:1635969
499:Science
262:in the
1254:
1235:
1106:
1089:
1039:
970:
948:p. 139
928:
902:Nature
571:
563:
525:
517:
270:Career
119:Fields
107:(1931)
102:(1922)
96:Awards
80:, U.S.
61:, U.S.
1233:S2CID
1200:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1087:S2CID
926:S2CID
583:Notes
569:JSTOR
523:JSTOR
475:(PDF)
217:palpi
1252:ISBN
1188:link
1174:2011
1130:2016
1104:ISBN
1071:Isis
1037:ISBN
968:ISBN
561:ISSN
515:ISSN
372:and
343:and
290:and
227:and
219:and
67:Died
48:Born
1225:doi
1221:156
1154:doi
1079:doi
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