453:
31:
449:, transforming the issue from one of scientific concern to one of political controversy." In a 2010 paper, Nierenberg's son Nicolas disputes each of these points, arguing that the scientific conclusions of the report reflected the current consensus and pointing out that other climate reports from the time also stopped short of recommending near-term energy-policy changes.
242:(1966–1986), which produced scientific advances such as the discovery of deep-sea hydrocarbons, the finding that the Mediterranean Sea had once been a closed basin and even a dry seabed, and confirmation that present ocean basins are young. The project became the first multi-institutional, international collaboration in science and a model for later projects.
277:
Nierenberg served on a large number of panels and advisory committees, primarily after he returned from NATO. In 1971 he was appointed chairman of the
National Academy of Sciences National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere and served on this committee until 1977. He served on various panels
444:
similarly cited the report in reversing previous commitments to renewable energy research. Oreskes and Conway contend that the chapters written by the economists differ from those written by the scientists, that the policy recommendations reflect mainly the views of the economists, and that
344:, an Act of Congress was passed requesting the National Academy of Science to review what was known about climate change. Nierenberg was appointed by the Academy to chair the committee to produce this report. The committee was made up of prominent physical scientists and two economists,
218:
laboratory, graduating 40 PhD’s during this time and publishing about 100 papers. He was responsible for the determination of more nuclear moments than any other single individual. This work was cited when he was elected to the
National Academy of Sciences in 1971.
352:
of
Harvard. Schelling and many of the scientists had served on committees for two previous reports for the Carter administration, which had highlighted global warming as a potentially major problem, and Nordhaus was developing a new model for growth in
226:
Hudson
Laboratories, working on naval warfare problems. Later, he oversaw the design and construction of the “new” physics building at Berkeley. Much later (1960–1962) he took leave once again as Assistant Secretary General of the
238:(SIO). Nierenberg was director of SIO for 21 years, the longest serving director to date. During his tenure, five modern research vessels joined the Scripps fleet and the institution’s budget increased fivefold. He oversaw the
711:
305:
from 1978 to 1982 and served as its first chairman. He was
Chairman of the OSTP Acid Rain Peer Review Panel, whose report "Acid Rain" was published in 1984. The report encouraged the administration to curb
1238:
436:, and Matthew Shindell have argued that Nierenberg's report marked the genesis of climate change debates that would ensue over the subsequent decades. Reagan administration science advisor
1880:
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The
William Nierenberg Rose Garden at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, outside the Director's office, March 2024. The plaque reads: "Physicist. Rose lover. Director".
1231:
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873:
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Nierenberg, the committee chairman, personally rejected an emerging consensus view on global warming among climate scientists, and "in doing so arguably launched the
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1224:
1930:
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The policy recommendations have proved controversial, and it decelerated calls for quick action on climate change in the media and
Washington. Historians
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294:
401:
Sea level might rise 70 cm over a century from thermal expansion, and melting of alpine glaciers. There was great uncertainty of the fate of the
1175:
Charles F. Kennel, Richard S. Lindzen, and Walter Munk, "William Aaron
Nierenberg", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2004)
179:
398:
Warming at equilibrium would be 2-3 times as great over the polar regions as over the tropics; and probably greater over the arctic (page 30)
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cited the report in arguing against “unwarranted and unnecessarily alarmist” conclusions of the
Environmental Protection Agency, and
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is a cause for concern but not panic; a program of action without a program for learning would be costly and ineffective (page 61)
231:(NATO) in charge of scientific affairs, where he oversaw many international studies on physics and advanced defense technologies.
1905:
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1033:"From Chicken Little to Dr. Pangloss: William Nierenberg, Global Warming, and the Social Deconstruction of Scientific Knowledge"
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293:, and served on many military-related panels. In 1976 he was appointed one of two senior consultants to the newly formed
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A building and a rose garden on the campus of the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography are named for him, and the
368:
report, which was released in October 1983, were largely in line with the previous reports. Its key points were:
258:
1307:
1126:
337:. Nierenberg supported this work and intervened personally when research funds for the program were threatened.
1106:
1049:
254:
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1707:
619:
675:
466:
246:
143:
469:, and a critic of the scientific consensus on the role of human produced COâ‚‚ emissions in climate change.
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206:
In 1948, Nierenberg took up his first academic staff position, as Assistant Professor of Physics at the
341:
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239:
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405:; disintegration could lead to sea-level rise of 5 to 6 m over several hundred years (page 42)
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Nierenberg gained national recognition for his contributions to science. He was elected to the
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95:
987:
809:
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During this period, in 1953, Nierenberg took a one-year leave to serve as the director of the
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190:. He went on to graduate work at Columbia, but from 1941 spent the war years seconded to the
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in 1971 and to the governing Council of the Academy in 1979. He was also elected to the
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527:
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A careful, well-designed program of monitoring and analysis is needed to detect the CO
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from 1972 to 1978 and was appointed for another term from November 1982 to May 1988.
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174:(CCNY), where he won a scholarship to spend his junior year abroad in France at the
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1086:"Early Climate Change Consensus at the National Academy: The Origins and Making of
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993:
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913:"Early Climate Change Consensus at the National Academy: The Origins and Making of
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395:-induced climate change shows these to be based on misleading analysis (page 28)
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for Science in the Public Interest has been started. Some recipients have been
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fellowship from the City College. Also in 1939, he participated in research at
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210:. From 1950 to 1965, he was Associate and then Professor of Physics at the
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Nierenberg, Nicolas; Tschinkel, Walter R.; Tschinkel, Victoria J. (2010).
186:, where he took a course in statistical mechanics from his future mentor,
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Nierenberg was born on February 13, 1919, at 213 E. 13th Street, on the
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Changing Climate: Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee
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Changing Climate: Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee
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391:. Careful review of dissenting inferences suggesting negligible CO
880:
85:
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265:. In 1987, he was awarded the Delmer S. Fahrney Medal from the
130:(February 13, 1919 – September 10, 2000) was an American
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in 1983. In 1981, Nierenberg became a founding member of the
1079:
910:
857:"Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change"
555:
1881:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
609:
Oral History interview transcript with William Nierenberg
968:. Marshall Institute. September 12, 2000. Archived from
214:, where he had a very large and productive low energy
1023:
898:
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Nierenberg took a strong interest in the problem of
234:
In 1965, Nierenberg was asked to be director of the
198:, before returning to Columbia to complete his PhD.
465:Nierenberg subsequently became a co-founder of the
295:
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
142:from 1965 through 1986. He was a co-founder of the
992:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 1983.
622:, Niels Bohr Library and Archives, 6 February 1986
409:The report also contained policy recommendations:
1827:
633:"Putnam Competition Individual and Team Winners"
1891:Founding members of the World Cultural Council
930:(3). University of California Press: 318–349.
178:. In 1939, he became the first recipient of a
162:, the son of very poor Jewish immigrants from
1931:Members of the American Philosophical Society
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958:
804:
802:
299:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
326:, Scripps had begun a program of monitoring
1856:Scripps Institution of Oceanography faculty
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1871:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
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1098:Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
1041:Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
924:Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences
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376:"doubling" (to 600 ppm) was 2065 (page 21)
357:emissions, the first which did not assume
29:
693:. American Academy of Arts & Sciences
588:
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551:
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269:for outstanding leadership in science.
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364:The scientific facts of the resulting
280:President's Science Advisory Committee
1220:
876:from the original on 15 January 2022.
812:. University of California, San Diego
604:
602:
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251:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
853:
810:"In Memoriam: William A. Nierenberg"
783:"Institute Will Honor 10 Scientists"
565:"Obituary: William Aaron Nierenberg"
322:. Under his predecessor at Scripps,
1199:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
899:Oreskes, Conway & Shindell 2008
887:Oreskes, Conway & Shindell 2008
830:Oreskes, Conway & Shindell 2008
637:Mathematical Association of America
289:Nierenberg was a consultant to the
236:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
140:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
104:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
13:
1896:Townsend Harris High School alumni
780:
625:
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272:
229:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
212:University of California, Berkeley
100:University of California, Berkeley
14:
1942:
1921:Members of JASON (advisory group)
1145:
1084:; Tschinkel, Victoria J. (2010).
854:Rich, Nathaniel (5 August 2018).
738:. National Academy of Engineering
379:Global warming due to doubling CO
1911:Scientists from New York (state)
1846:City College of New York alumni
835:
297:(OSTP). He was a member of the
259:National Academy of Engineering
1906:University of Michigan faculty
1107:University of California Press
1050:University of California Press
774:
749:
728:
704:
680:
255:American Philosophical Society
1:
980:
966:"Remembering Bill Nierenberg"
620:American Institute of Physics
149:
1916:George C. Marshall Institute
1031:; Shindell, Matthew (2008).
676:National Academy of Sciences
467:George C. Marshall Institute
372:The most probable date of CO
340:In October 1980, during the
247:National Academy of Sciences
144:George C. Marshall Institute
7:
1901:Columbia University faculty
1836:American nuclear physicists
862:The New York Times Magazine
520:
424:signal on climate (page 76)
168:Townsend Harris High School
10:
1947:
1926:20th-century American Jews
1876:Jewish American physicists
1851:Columbia University alumni
1115:10.1525/hsns.2010.40.3.318
1058:10.1525/hsns.2008.38.1.109
936:10.1525/hsns.2010.40.3.318
313:
1255:
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1016:is also available at the
841:Nierenberg (2010), p. 336
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282:. He was a member of the
240:Deep Sea Drilling Project
201:
121:
109:
91:
81:
74:
60:
52:
37:
28:
21:
1886:Manhattan Project people
1247:Founding members of the
1164:New York Times Obituary
539:
403:West Antarctic Ice Sheet
383:is likely to be between
291:National Security Agency
172:City College of New York
138:and was director of the
128:William Aaron Nierenberg
69:City College of New York
1308:André Frédéric Cournand
1249:World Cultural Council
761:World Cultural Council
457:
387:, as suggested by the
284:National Science Board
263:World Cultural Council
208:University of Michigan
96:University of Michigan
1564:Marshall W. Nirenberg
1559:William A. Nierenberg
1519:Vernon B. Mountcastle
1328:Jean-François Denisse
1260:Christian B. Anfinsen
1080:Nierenberg, Nicolas;
455:
447:climate change debate
438:George A. Keyworth II
359:linear extrapolations
180:William Lowell Putnam
1659:William G. Schneider
1654:Menahem Max Schiffer
1638:Hakim Muhammad Saeed
1612:Chintamani N. R. Rao
1350:Jacques-Émile Dubois
1082:Tschinkel, Walter R.
716:search.amphilsoc.org
712:"APS Member History"
688:"Book of Members: N"
671:Biographical Memoirs
1592:Comlan A. A. Quenum
1554:Bernhard H. Neumann
1451:Vassos Karageorghis
1388:José Rafael Estrada
1316:Eduardo de Robertis
1183:Government offices
581:2001PhT....54f..74T
224:Columbia University
184:Columbia University
176:University of Paris
65:Columbia University
1785:Eugene van Tamelen
1774:Jean L. F. Tricart
1764:Jan Peter Toennies
1750:Peter C. Thonemann
1712:Heikki Suomalainen
1650:Stuart J. Saunders
1628:Stanley K. Runcorn
1624:Abraham J. A. Roux
1602:G. N. Ramachandran
1539:Jayant V. Narlikar
1534:Ilie G. Murgulescu
1524:Robert S. Mulliken
1483:William D. McElroy
1325:Guy Blaudin de Thé
1283:Christiaan Barnard
1132:on 24 October 2016
666:William Nierenberg
614:2015-01-12 at the
528:Merchants of Doubt
495:David Attenborough
461:Marshall Institute
458:
267:Franklin Institute
196:isotope separation
134:who worked on the
56:September 10, 2000
23:William Nierenberg
16:American physicist
1823:
1822:
1800:William J. Whelan
1759:Alexander R. Todd
1754:Phillip V. Tobias
1708:Frederick Stewart
1678:Leonard T. Skeggs
1504:Desmond J. Morris
1471:Georges B. Koelle
1438:Adrian Kantrowitz
1433:Reginald V. Jones
1415:Alfred D. Hershey
1385:Kenneth O. Emergy
1331:Venancio Deulofeu
1321:Cornelis de Jager
1215:
1214:
1209:Edward A. Frieman
1206:Succeeded by
1160:, August 23, 2001
1007:978-0-309-03425-8
590:10.1063/1.1387603
342:Carter presidency
257:in 1975, and the
192:Manhattan Project
136:Manhattan Project
125:
124:
76:Scientific career
41:February 13, 1919
1938:
1810:Rosalyn S. Yalow
1805:Karel F. Wiesner
1790:Ulf S. von Euler
1769:Andrzej Trautman
1694:Leonard Sosnowky
1664:Glenn T. Seaborg
1633:Donald H. Sadler
1588:Jens J. Pindborg
1574:Arthur B. Pardee
1569:George E. Palade
1544:Louis E. F. NĂ©el
1509:Giuseppe Moruzzi
1494:Jerrold Meinwald
1474:Walther Manshard
1443:Nathan O. Kaplan
1420:Gerhard Herzberg
1411:Carl G. Gahmberg
1377:Mohammed El Fasi
1312:William J. Darby
1303:Harold G. Callan
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1188:Preceded by
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1125:. Archived from
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1088:Changing Climate
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1060:. Archived from
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534:Nierenberg Prize
479:Nierenberg Prize
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366:Changing Climate
350:Thomas Schelling
346:William Nordhaus
335:greenhouse gases
303:Advisory Council
111:Doctoral advisor
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1746:Harold Thompson
1721:Charles Tanford
1698:Roger W. Sperry
1690:George D. Snell
1686:George J. Smets
1674:Frederick Seitz
1669:Ernest R. Sears
1584:Jacques Piccard
1464:Seymour S. Kety
1459:Donald W. Kerst
1402:David J. Finney
1392:Hans J. Eysenck
1381:Ernest L. Eliel
1359:Francisco J. Dy
1345:Audouin Dollfus
1340:Richard S. Doll
1288:Colin Blakemore
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1157:Daily Telegraph
1148:
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1029:Conway, Erik M.
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864:. pp. 4–.
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616:Wayback Machine
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557:Townes, Charles
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511:James E. Hansen
487:Walter Cronkite
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216:nuclear physics
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1499:Harry Melville
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1490:John McMichael
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1487:Henry McIlwain
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1468:Prem N. Kirpal
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1397:Don W. Fawcett
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1335:Frank J. Dixon
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1298:Norman Borlaug
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1171:, October 1983
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1146:External links
1144:
1143:
1142:
1077:
1025:Oreskes, Naomi
1021:
1006:
998:10.17226/18714
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979:
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972:on 2002-12-03.
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903:
901:, p. 113.
891:
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491:Jane Lubchenco
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434:Erik M. Conway
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389:Charney report
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917:(see p. 345)"
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736:"NAE Members"
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324:Roger Revelle
321:
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253:in 1965, the
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170:and then the
169:
166:. He went to
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116:Norman Ramsey
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45:New York City
40:
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32:
27:
20:
1741:Howard Temin
1617:Rex Richards
1597:Hermann Rahn
1558:
1407:Val L. Fitch
1368:Paul Ehrlich
1293:Aage N. Bohr
1265:Werner Arber
1197:Director of
1196:
1155:
1134:. Retrieved
1127:the original
1102:
1096:
1087:
1069:. Retrieved
1062:the original
1045:
1039:
988:
970:the original
960:
927:
923:
914:
906:
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882:
861:
837:
825:
814:. Retrieved
790:. Retrieved
786:
776:
764:. Retrieved
751:
740:. Retrieved
730:
719:. Retrieved
715:
706:
695:. Retrieved
682:
669:
640:. Retrieved
627:
575:(6): 74–75.
572:
568:
561:Munk, Walter
526:
507:Gordon Moore
503:Craig Venter
499:Jane Goodall
483:E. O. Wilson
476:
464:
427:
408:
385:1.5 – 4.5 °C
365:
363:
348:of Yale and
339:
317:
288:
276:
244:
233:
221:
205:
153:
127:
126:
92:Institutions
75:
1866:2000 deaths
1861:1919 births
1726:Henry Taube
1646:Abdus Salam
1109:: 318–349.
1052:: 109–152.
766:November 8,
642:December 9,
310:emissions.
1830:Categories
1795:Alan Walsh
1716:Pol Swings
1621:Jean Rösch
1203:1965–1986
981:References
816:2014-07-21
792:2014-07-21
787:philly.com
757:"About Us"
742:2014-07-21
721:2022-07-28
697:2014-07-20
333:and other
301:’s (NASA)
188:I. I. Rabi
150:Background
1778:Ioan Ursu
1014:full text
944:1939-1811
870:0028-7822
308:acid rain
146:in 1984.
132:physicist
1152:Obituary
1136:29 March
1123:20848755
1071:29 March
952:20848755
874:Archived
668:—
612:Archived
521:See also
160:New York
674:of the
577:Bibcode
314:Climate
278:of the
86:Physics
1121:
1004:
950:
942:
868:
473:Legacy
202:Career
82:Fields
1130:(PDF)
1105:(3).
1093:(PDF)
1065:(PDF)
1048:(1).
1036:(PDF)
1012:(The
920:(PDF)
691:(PDF)
540:Notes
442:Exxon
1138:2012
1119:PMID
1073:2012
1002:ISBN
948:PMID
940:ISSN
866:ISSN
768:2016
644:2021
513:and
53:Died
47:, US
38:Born
1111:doi
1054:doi
994:doi
932:doi
585:doi
158:of
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