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between temperature and GDP today as a proxy for the impact of global warming over time; and using surveys that diluted extreme warnings from scientists with optimistic expectations from economists." When specifically speaking about
Nordhaus, he says that "Nordhaus has misrepresented the scientific literature to justify the using a smooth function to describe the damage to GDP from climate change. Correcting for these errors makes it feasible that the economic damages from climate change are at least an order of magnitude worse than forecast by economists, and may be so great as to threaten the survival of human civilization."
33:
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is used to examine the consequences of climate policy interventions, for example carbon taxes." Additionally, the Nobel Prize announcement commented that
Nordhaus had “significantly broadened the scope of economic analysis by constructing models that explain how the market economy interacts with nature." In an evaluation of the work, Lint Barrage summarizes its impact, stating that the "body of work also represents science at its best: integrative across disciplines, visionary in scope yet incremental in progress, transparent, and producing knowledge for the benefit of humankind."
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1179:. Originally a project of Samuelson's alone, Nordhaus worked on the textbook from the 12th edition until the 19th (the most recent edition), starting in 1985. The book was first published in 1948 and has appeared in nineteen different editions and seventeen different languages since then. It was a best-selling economics textbook for decades and is still extremely popular today.
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The Review's unambiguous conclusions about the need for extreme immediate action will not survive the substitution of discounting assumptions that are consistent with today's market place. So the central questions about global-warming policy–how much, how fast, and how costly–remain open. The Review
1276:
is severely flawed. Instead of putting goods and their prices directly into the index we should reduce all goods to their constituent characteristics. Then we should evaluate how these goods can best be combined to minimize the cost of consuming these characteristics. Such an approach would allow us
1563:
The Nobel
Foundation described Nordhaus's work as follows: "William Nordhaus’s findings deal with interactions between society, the economy and climate change. In the mid-1990s, he created a quantitative model that describes the global interplay between the economy and the climate. Nordhaus’s model
1440:
will continue to accumulate in the atmosphere, because we cannot simply shut down our economy". He asserted that he was not alone in making this assessment, claiming that half of the simulations arrived at the same conclusion. He also remarked that the two-degree target was set without reference to
1405:
In 2015, Nordhaus published an article promulgating his concept of a "climate club". This publication has become widely debated and cited within and outside economics. He conceptualizes this as a coalition of the willing among countries that wish to adopt more stringent climate mitigation policies.
1587:
criticises the economics of climate change generally and the 2018 work by
Nordhaus in particular: "economists made their own predictions of damages, using three spurious methods: assuming that about 90% of GDP will be unaffected by climate change, because it happens indoors; using the relationship
1544:, i.e. a quantitative model that describes the global interplay between the economy and the climate. His model integrates theories and empirical results from physics, chemistry and economics. Nordhaus' model is now widely spread and is used to simulate how the economy and the climate co-evolve."
2837:
The Yale economist
William D. Nordhaus has spent the better part of four decades trying to persuade governments to address climate change, preferably by imposing a tax on carbon emissions. His careful work has long since convinced most members of his own profession .
1572:, holds that integrated assessment models cannot capture the complexity of the climate-economy nexus. Nicholas Stern argued that the damage function does not capture many of the most important risks to society. A particularly important critique, developed by
1277:
to include new goods in the consumer price index without worrying about whether the index of today is comparable to that of ten years ago when the good did not exist. Such an approach would also allow governments to more precisely calculate the rate at which
2098:
A study of Paul A. Samuelson's
Economics : making economics accessible to students : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New
1579:
In an article by
Christopher Ketcham on "theintercept.com" there are a number of critical insights and critical views of Nordhaus' methods and assumptions, which didn't recognise or value tipping-cascades or non-elastic eco and environmental risk.
1555:. Some climate scientists and commentators were disappointed with the Nobel Prize going to Nordhaus due to his embrace of substantially lower carbon taxes per ton than most scientists, along with his past history of arguing for low carbon taxes.
1567:
Critics of
Nordhaus's DICE model focus on several aspects. One of the most important, incorporating political and moral philosophy, is the use of discounting, with an early study by William Cline. Another branch, represented by
1410:
among the club's member states and levies a fee on all imports of goods from countries that are outside the club and have not introduced similar carbon pricing. It has been argued that the carbon border adjustment mechanism
2032:
Samuelson, Paul A.; McGraw, Harold W.; Nordhaus, William D.; Ashenfelter, Orley; Solow, Robert M.; Fischer, Stanley (1999). "Samuelson's "Economics" at Fifty: Remarks on the
Occasion of the Anniversary of Publication".
1976:
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Mr
Nordhaus was an early advocate of carbon taxes, but the committee noted that the models he developed also allowed policymakers to calculate quantitative paths for the best tax showing how they would depend on
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has been called a “canonical textbook”, and the development of mainstream economic thought has been traced by comparing the nineteen editions over the 1948–2010 period.
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in 1970–1971. He has been a member of the faculty at Yale since 1967, in both the Economics department and the School of the Environment. Nordhaus also served as its
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that account for the vast changes in the quality and range of goods and services that we consume, that somehow compare the services of horse with automobile, of
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path for coping with climate change". In 2013, Nordhaus became president-elect of the AEA, and served as the association's president between 2014 and 2015.
1199:
2806:"Economics Nobel recognises work on climate change and innovation: William Nordhaus and Paul Romer showed how to achieve sustained and sustainable growth"
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because they do not take into account the manner in which increases in quality reduce the monetary cost of maintaining a certain standard of living.
1471:
1008:
1354:–that is, are heavily dependent upon naturally occurring rainfall, runoff, or temperatures–will be most sensitive to climate change, generally.
4020:
4001:
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2451:"Why carbon border adjustment mechanisms will not save the planet but a climate club and subsidies for transformative green technologies may"
1576:, is that the economy-climate system may have "fat tails" and therefore inadequately deal with low probability, high consequence outcomes.
1463:
1318:
Mankind is playing dice with the natural environment through a multitude of interventions–injecting into the atmosphere trace gases like the
2618:"The EU's CBAM and Its 'Significant Others': Three Perspectives on the Political Fallout from Europe's Unilateral Climate Policy Initiative"
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1366:, and coastal activities fall in this category. Nordhaus takes seriously the potentially catastrophic impacts of climate change.
1327:
3162:
Samuel Randalls (2011). "Optimal Climate Change: Economics and Climate Science Policy Histories (from Heuristic to Normative)".
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Many of the news outlets that reported on Nordhaus's prize noted that he was in the early wave of economists who embraced a
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Nordhaus is also known for his critique of current measures of national income. For example, in a 1996 article, he wrote,
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Nordhaus is the author or editor of over 20 books. One of his early works is the wildly popular introductory textbook,
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If we are to obtain accurate estimates of the growth of real incomes over the last century, we must somehow construct
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When Idiot Savants Do Climate Economics, How an elite clique of math-addled economists hijacked climate policy.
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554:
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The practical lesson to be drawn from this fascinating study of lighting is that the way we measure the
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from 1986–1988 and its Vice President for Finance and Administration from 1992–1993. He has been on the
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2359:"U.S. Tax Code Has Minimal Effect on Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Report Says"
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and other forms of aid should be increased. At present, such calculations tend to overestimate the
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1502:, and addressing them with simple but creative insights," among them, his pioneering work on the
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2196:"Do Real-Output and Real-Wage Measures Capture Reality? The History of Lighting Suggests Not"
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1256:, of dark and lonely nights with nights spent watching television, and of brain surgery with
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Tarr, David G.; Kuznetsov, Dmitrii E.; Overland, Indra; Vakulchuk, Roman (June 1, 2023).
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models Nordhaus has developed, sectors of the economy that depend heavily on unmanaged
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data to devise economic measures reflecting better health, increases in leisure and
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was "impossible", stating that, "even if we make the fastest possible turn towards
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in 1883, and became a manager of The Charles Ilfeld Company branch in Albuquerque.
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The Spirit of Green: The Economics of Collisions and Contagions in a Crowded World
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2879:"The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2018"
2500:"The European Union's CBAM as a de facto Climate Club: The Governance Challenges"
2344:
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1334:, depleting multitudes of species in their natural habitats even while creating
1198:(1994), which won the 2006 award for "Publication of Enduring Quality" from the
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2852:"The economics Nobel went to a guy who enabled climate change denial and delay"
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1514:, and "constructing integrated economic and scientific models to determine the
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1044:. Nordhaus received the prize "for integrating climate change into long-run
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1154:
1064:, the son of Virginia (Riggs) and Robert J. Nordhaus, who co-founded the
900:
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92:
3242:
3051:"Fat-Tailed Uncertainty in the Economics of Catastrophic Climate Change"
2977:
2124:
The Climate Casino: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World
1616:
1208:
The Climate Casino: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World
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4005:
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2617:
2385:"Climate Clubs: Overcoming Free-riding in International Climate Policy"
2054:
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1548:
1531:
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1351:
1310:
of the interplay between economics, energy use, and climate change. In
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830:
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401:
286:
241:
2829:"2018 Nobel in Economics Awarded to William Nordhaus and Paul Romer"
2761:
2046:
2007:"Yale's William Nordhaus wins 2018 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences"
1695:(Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. October 8, 2018.
1669:"2018 Nobel in Economics Awarded to William Nordhaus and Paul Romer"
1157:, with his wife, Barbara, a social worker recently retired from the
1142:
in 2013. He served as the chairman of the board of directors of the
4360:
3175:
2676:"Global warming goals impossible, Nobel laureate tells Swiss paper"
2616:
Smith, Ida Dokk; Overland, Indra; Szulecki, Kacper (July 5, 2023).
2260:
Nordhaus, W. D. '"Reflections on the economics of climate change",
2096:
1900:
1458:, the American Philosophical Society, and an Elected Fellow of the
1359:
2031:
3226:
1534:. In detailing its reasons for giving the prize to Nordhaus, the
1278:
1072:
family – his father Max Nordhaus (1865–1936) had immigrated from
2706:"Nobelpreisträger Nordhaus: Wir erreichen das 2-Grad-Ziel nicht"
1268:
summarizes the importance of Nordhaus's insight when he writes,
5209:
3214:
1482:
In 2004, Nordhaus was designated a Distinguished Fellow of the
1289:
977:
151:
3237:
3114:"The appallingly bad neoclassical economics of climate change"
2448:
1217:
In 1972, Nordhaus, along with fellow Yale economics professor
3273:
2744:• William D. Nordhaus, 1975. "The Political Business Cycle,"
2278:"An Optimal Transition Path for Controlling Greenhouse Gases"
1194:, one of his primary areas of research. Those books include,
1131:
administration, from 1977–1979, Nordhaus was a member of the
569:
345:
5355:
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
1955:"Economist Says Best Climate Fix A Tough Sell, But Worth It"
1428:, Nordhaus claimed that achieving the 2 °C goal of the
1196:
Managing the Global Commons: The Economics of Climate Change
2498:
Szulecki, Kacper; Overland, Indra; Smith, Ida Dokk (2022).
5350:
Distinguished fellows of the American Economic Association
5315:
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences alumni
2549:
Overland, Indra; Sadaqat Huda, Mirza (September 1, 2022).
1744:"Sandia Peak Ski & Tramway – History & Technology"
1639:. Council of Economic Advisers (U.S.). 2007. p. 171.
1636:
Biographical Directory of the Council of Economic Advisers
1165:
Contributions to economics and the study of climate change
5360:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1245:
1099:
in 1963 and 1972, respectively, where he was a member of
1386:
informs but does not answer these fundamental questions.
2551:"Climate clubs and carbon border adjustments: a review"
1449:
1369:
In 2007, Nordhaus, who has done several studies on the
1024:(born May 31, 1941) is an American economist. He was a
2201:. In Bresnahan, Timothy F.; Gordon, Robert J. (eds.).
5198:
2615:
2497:
2338:"The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change"
5335:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
3291:
Climate Change: The Ultimate Challenge for Economics
2548:
1872:
1521:
1338:
ones in the laboratory, and accumulating sufficient
1204:
Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming
1200:
Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
2120:
1854:"William Dawbney Nordhaus Will Marry Barbara Feise"
1684:
1682:
1538:specifically recognized his efforts to develop "an
2704:
2164:The Measurement of Economic and Social Performance
1880:
3350:Laureate of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
2957:Journal of Environmental Economics and Management
2068:Samuelson, Paul A.; Nordhaus, William D. (2009).
2067:
1394:that produced a report discounting the impact of
5246:
2235:The Apprentice Economist: Seven Steps to Mastery
1679:
1477:
1472:American Academy of Political and Social Science
5330:Presidents of the American Economic Association
4362:Presidents of the American Economic Association
3161:
2703:Voigt, Birgit; Meier, JĂĽrg (January 25, 2020).
1770:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4082:
2953:"Uncertain outcomes and climate change policy"
2256:
2254:
1930:. Yale Department of Economics. Archived from
1822:
1726:"Brothers Battle Climate Change on Two Fronts"
1312:Reflections on the Economics of Climate Change
4346:
4068:
3387:
2147:
1464:Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
1390:In 2013, Nordhaus chaired a committee of the
1002:
3407:Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
3055:Review of Environmental Economics and Policy
2775:"William D. Nordhaus, Distinguished Fellow".
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1290:Contributions on economics of climate change
112:BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award
2275:
2251:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1883:A theory of endogenous technological change
1186:Nordhaus has also written several books on
158:A theory of endogenous technological change
5340:United States Council of Economic Advisers
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1456:United States National Academy of Sciences
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31:
3096:Ketcham, Christopher (October 29, 2023),
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2400:
1957:. Washington, D.C.: National Public Radio
1907:
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1528:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
1454:Among many honors, he is a Member of the
1042:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
117:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
5270:American people of German-Jewish descent
3048:
2940:. Institute for International Economics.
2382:
2335:
2190:
2102:(Thesis). Massey University. p. 2.
1994:
1878:
1826:Pioneer Jews: A New Life in the Far West
1823:Rochlin, Harriet; Rochlin, Fred (2018).
1225:(ISEW), as the first attempt to develop
3095:
2950:
2904:"The Scandinavian Journal of Economics"
2827:Appelbaum, Binyamin (October 8, 2018).
2803:
1843:
1667:Appelbaum, Binyamin (October 8, 2018).
1206:(2000), co-authored with Joseph Boyer;
1103:. He also holds a Certificate from the
1051:
5247:
2849:
2622:JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies
2095:Smith, Leanne (2000). "Introduction".
1952:
1462:. He has been a foreign member of the
319:Measures of national income and output
4334:
4056:
3375:
2999:
2935:
2804:Strauss, Delphine (October 8, 2018).
2773:American Economic Association, 2004.
2758:Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
2229:
2094:
1953:Harris, Richard (February 11, 2014).
1889:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1760:
1690:"The Prize in Economic Sciences 2018"
1460:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1223:Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare
97:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3111:
3049:Weitzman, Martin L. (July 1, 2011).
2168:National Bureau of Economic Research
2166:(Reprinted ed.). New York, NY:
1450:Scientific and engineering academies
1125:Brookings Panel on Economic Activity
1115:(1967). He was a Visiting Fellow of
37:Nordhaus in Stockholm, December 2018
5365:People from Albuquerque, New Mexico
2850:Linden, Eugene (October 25, 2018).
2383:Nordhaus, William (April 1, 2015).
13:
5325:Fellows of the Econometric Society
4164:(Democratic Republic of the Congo)
3155:
2357:
1879:Nordhaus, William Dawbney (1967).
14:
5391:
3238:William Nordhaus (Yale Home Page)
3207:
3112:Keen, Steve (September 1, 2020).
3002:"The Economics of Climate Change"
3000:Stern, Nicholas (April 1, 2008).
2336:Nordhaus, William (May 3, 2007).
2035:The Journal of Economic Education
1724:Davenport, Coral (May 10, 2014).
1536:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1522:Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
1441:the costs of meeting the target.
1422:In a January 2020 interview with
1040:, and a co-recipient of the 2018
5370:Fellows of Clare Hall, Cambridge
5275:21st-century American economists
5232:
5220:
5208:
3225:
3213:
2266:(1993); 7(4) 11–25 at pp. 11, 15
2263:Journal of Economic Perspectives
1766:"Profile of William D. Nordhaus"
1707:"Albuquerque Journal Obituaries"
1068:. Robert J. Nordhaus was from a
976:
964:
205:
5375:Alumni of Clare Hall, Cambridge
3483:Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
3105:
3089:
3042:
2993:
2951:Pindyck, Robert S. (May 2012).
2944:
2938:The economics of global warming
2929:
2896:
2871:
2843:
2820:
2797:
2787:"American Economic Association"
2779:
2767:
2738:
2726:
2696:
2668:
2609:
2542:
2491:
2442:
2417:
2376:
2351:
2329:
2269:
2223:
2184:
2141:
2114:
2088:
2061:
2025:
1969:
1946:
1466:since 1999. He was awarded the
1342:to destroy human civilizations.
1326:chemicals, engineering massive
1202:. Other notable books include,
1026:Sterling Professor of Economics
3243:The Question of Global Warming
2747:The Review of Economic Studies
2732:American Economic Association
2555:Environmental Research Letters
1816:
1754:
1736:
1717:
1699:
1660:
1627:
1609:
1598:List of Jewish Nobel laureates
1558:
1530:in 2018, which he shared with
1419:could become a climate club.
1144:Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
1140:American Philosophical Society
1087:and subsequently received his
924:Publications in macroeconomics
16:American economist (born 1941)
1:
3318:American Economic Association
3130:10.1080/14747731.2020.1807856
3067:10.1080/14747731.2020.1807856
2307:10.1126/science.258.5086.1315
2276:Nordhaus WD (November 1992).
1829:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
1603:
1484:American Economic Association
1478:American Economic Association
1468:Daniel Patrick Moynihan Prize
1302:. He is the developer of the
1032:, best known for his work in
5285:Nobel laureates in Economics
3289:including the Prize Lecture
3264:The New York Review of Books
3252:The New York Review of Books
2121:William D. Nordhaus (2013).
1406:The climate club introduces
1308:integrated assessment models
1294:Nordhaus has written on the
1138:Nordhaus was elected to the
1133:Council of Economic Advisers
1105:Institut d'Etudes Politiques
7:
2476:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106695
2207:University of Chicago Press
1591:
1541:integrated assessment model
1371:economics of global warming
10:
5396:
5380:Members of Skull and Bones
5305:Economists from New Mexico
5280:Jewish American economists
3475:Friedrich August von Hayek
2969:10.1016/j.jeem.2011.12.001
2203:The Economics of New Goods
1258:magnetic resonance imaging
675:New neoclassical synthesis
658:Real business-cycle theory
5041:
4874:
4713:
4626:Oliver M. W. Sprague
4552:
4415:
4368:
4258:
4233:
4208:
4177:
4147:
4123:
4092:
3873:Christopher A. Pissarides
3747:
3496:
3413:
3356:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3324:
3311:
3303:
3298:
2517:10.3389/fclim.2022.942583
2162:. In Moss, Milton (ed.).
2127:. Yale University Press.
2074:. McGraw-Hill Education.
1839:– via Google Books.
1583:Post-Keynesian economist
1551:as a preferred method of
1526:Nordhaus was awarded the
1444:
1392:National Research Council
180:
168:
150:
140:
130:
123:
107:
75:
42:
30:
23:
5320:Yale Sterling Professors
5290:Environmental economists
5265:American Nobel laureates
3259:Energy: Friend or Enemy?
3006:American Economic Review
2734:"Distinguished Fellows".
2576:10.1088/1748-9326/ac8da8
2389:American Economic Review
1508:national income accounts
1504:political business cycle
1400:greenhouse gas emissions
1227:environmental accounting
1079:Nordhaus graduated from
1022:William Dawbney Nordhaus
680:Saltwater and freshwater
47:William Dawbney Nordhaus
5345:Yale University faculty
4942:Charles P. Kindleberger
4680:Emanuel A. Goldenweiser
3245:Nordhaus exchange with
2936:Cline, William (1992).
2916:10.1111/(ISSN)1467-9442
1791:10.1073/pnas.0601306103
1159:Yale Child Study Center
1146:between 2014 and 2015.
1127:since 1972. During the
608:International economics
533:Overlapping generations
135:Environmental economics
5310:Yale University alumni
5215:Business and economics
4847:John Kenneth Galbraith
4264:Nobel Prize recipients
4210:Physiology or Medicine
3230:Quotations related to
1388:
1344:
1287:
1262:
1046:macroeconomic analysis
951:Mathematical economics
702:Modern monetary theory
465:Universal basic income
3594:James M. Buchanan Jr.
2157:"Is Growth Obsolete?"
1924:"William D. Nordhaus"
1396:fossil fuel subsidies
1383:
1377:for its use of a low
1316:
1270:
1234:
1117:Clare Hall, Cambridge
1056:Nordhaus was born in
791:Wesley Clair Mitchell
766:Thomas Robert Malthus
603:Development economics
4900:Tjalling C. Koopmans
4513:Herbert J. Davenport
4423:Edwin R. A. Seligman
3857:Oliver E. Williamson
3487:Tjalling C. Koopmans
3262:October 27, 2012 in
3222:at Wikimedia Commons
2908:Wiley Online Library
2712:Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung
2504:Frontiers in Climate
2402:10.1257/aer.15000001
2192:Nordhaus, William D.
2170:. pp. 509–564.
2149:Nordhaus, William D.
1981:search.amphilsoc.org
1977:"APS Member History"
1934:on February 11, 2019
1711:obits.abqjournal.com
1425:Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung
1304:DICE and RICE models
1274:consumer price index
1052:Education and career
528:Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans
368:Liquidity preference
5115:Christopher A. Sims
5014:Arnold C. Harberger
4978:Thomas C. Schelling
4936:Charles L. Schultze
4823:Kenneth E. Boulding
4775:Theodore W. Schultz
3885:Christopher A. Sims
3813:Thomas C. Schelling
3785:Robert F. Engle III
3686:Robert E. Lucas Jr.
3534:Theodore W. Schultz
2567:2022ERL....17i3005O
2467:2023EneEc.12206695T
2299:1992Sci...258.1315N
2293:(5086): 1315–1319.
2237:. Cooper-Wolfling.
1782:2006PNAS..103.9753N
1314:(1993), he writes,
1175:, co-authored with
1066:Sandia Peak Tramway
983:Business portal
919:Macroeconomic model
796:John Maynard Keynes
593:Economic statistics
538:General equilibrium
5295:Climate economists
4829:William J. Fellner
4805:Joseph J. Spengler
4793:Gottfried Haberler
4763:George W. Stocking
4757:Morris A. Copeland
4644:Frederick C. Mills
4584:Matthew B. Hammond
4537:Wesley C. Mitchell
4519:Jacob H. Hollander
3801:Edward C. Prescott
3789:Clive W.J. Granger
3765:Joseph E. Stiglitz
3738:Daniel L. McFadden
3626:Harry M. Markowitz
3283:on Nobelprize.org
3270:"William Nordhaus"
3019:10.1257/aer.98.2.1
2833:The New York Times
2684:. January 26, 2020
2635:10.1111/jcms.13512
2429:scholar.google.com
2425:"William Nordhaus"
2363:National Academies
1928:economics.yale.edu
1858:The New York Times
1730:The New York Times
1673:The New York Times
1486:(AEA), along with
1364:outdoor recreation
1149:Nordhaus lives in
871:Edward C. Prescott
598:Monetary economics
5300:Energy economists
5196:
5195:
5151:Olivier Blanchard
5139:Robert J. Shiller
5109:Orley Ashenfelter
5085:Thomas J. Sargent
5032:Dale W. Jorgenson
4966:Joseph A. Pechman
4918:William J. Baumol
4888:Lawrence R. Klein
4882:Franco Modigliani
4799:George J. Stigler
4781:Paul A. Samuelson
4692:Joseph Schumpeter
4602:William Z. Ripley
4596:George E. Barnett
4560:Edwin W. Kemmerer
4483:Walter F. Willcox
4435:Jeremiah W. Jenks
4382:Charles F. Dunbar
4376:Francis A. Walker
4328:
4327:
4235:Economic Sciences
4140:announced in 2019
4050:
4049:
3949:Richard H. Thaler
3913:Robert J. Shiller
3909:Lars Peter Hansen
3881:Thomas J. Sargent
3869:Dale T. Mortensen
3761:A. Michael Spence
3757:George A. Akerlof
3726:Robert A. Mundell
3694:James A. Mirrlees
3662:Douglass C. North
3634:William F. Sharpe
3586:Franco Modigliani
3562:George J. Stigler
3546:Lawrence R. Klein
3435:Paul A. Samuelson
3370:
3369:
3357:Succeeded by
3325:Succeeded by
3299:Academic offices
3218:Media related to
2857:Los Angeles Times
2244:978-0-9877880-4-7
2216:978-0-226-07415-3
2013:. October 8, 2018
1776:(26): 9753–9755.
1764:(June 27, 2006).
1373:, criticized the
1346:According to the
1246:facsimile machine
1034:economic modeling
1019:
1018:
946:Political economy
901:N. Gregory Mankiw
891:Thomas J. Sargent
736:Market monetarism
550:Endogenous growth
380:National accounts
184:
183:
125:Scientific career
5387:
5237:
5236:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5204:
5127:William Nordhaus
5067:Martin Feldstein
5055:Robert Lucas Jr.
4912:Moses Abramovitz
4859:Walter W. Heller
4853:Kenneth J. Arrow
4835:Wassily Leontief
4733:Calvin B. Hoover
4721:John H. Williams
4620:Alvin S. Johnson
4590:Ernest L. Bogart
4507:Henry B. Gardner
4489:Thomas N. Carver
4400:Arthur T. Hadley
4355:
4348:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4266:
4243:William Nordhaus
4218:James P. Allison
4199:Donna Strickland
4116:(United Kingdom)
4077:
4070:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4043:
4035:
4033:Philip H. Dybvig
4016:
3997:
3995:Robert B. Wilson
3982:
3972:Abhijit Banerjee
3963:
3957:William Nordhaus
3951:
3943:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3899:
3897:Lloyd S. Shapley
3887:
3875:
3865:Peter A. Diamond
3859:
3847:
3839:
3837:Roger B. Myerson
3823:
3821:Edmund S. Phelps
3815:
3809:Robert J. Aumann
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3740:
3734:James J. Heckman
3728:
3720:
3712:
3710:Myron S. Scholes
3706:Robert C. Merton
3700:
3688:
3680:
3674:John F. Nash Jr.
3670:John C. Harsanyi
3664:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3630:Merton H. Miller
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3540:
3538:Sir Arthur Lewis
3528:
3526:Herbert A. Simon
3520:
3508:
3489:
3477:
3465:
3463:Wassily Leontief
3457:
3455:Kenneth J. Arrow
3445:
3437:
3429:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3360:Abhijit Banerjee
3340:Preceded by
3304:Preceded by
3296:
3295:
3288:
3281:William Nordhaus
3277:
3249:and others from
3232:William Nordhaus
3229:
3220:William Nordhaus
3217:
3203:
3150:
3149:
3124:(7): 1149–1177.
3109:
3103:
3102:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3021:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2708:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2647:
2637:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2588:
2578:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2455:Energy Economics
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2395:(4): 1339–1370.
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2282:
2273:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2200:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2161:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2003:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1920:
1905:
1904:
1886:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1613:
1506:, ways of using
1492:William A. Brock
1488:George P. Shultz
1328:land-use changes
1320:greenhouse gases
1081:Phillips Academy
1011:
1004:
997:
981:
980:
971:Money portal
969:
968:
967:
881:William Nordhaus
866:Robert Lucas Jr.
756:François Quesnay
392:Nominal rigidity
363:Demand for money
341:Microfoundations
277:Financial crisis
257:Effective demand
227:Aggregate supply
222:Aggregate demand
209:
186:
185:
170:Doctoral advisor
164:
60:
56:
54:
35:
25:William Nordhaus
21:
20:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5231:
5221:
5219:
5207:
5199:
5197:
5192:
5175:Christina Romer
5073:Daniel McFadden
5037:
5026:D. Gale Johnson
5020:Robert W. Fogel
5008:Anne O. Krueger
5002:Victor R. Fuchs
4984:William Vickrey
4948:Alice M. Rivlin
4930:W. Arthur Lewis
4906:Robert M. Solow
4870:
4865:R. Aaron Gordon
4817:Milton Friedman
4787:Edward S. Mason
4769:Arthur F. Burns
4727:Harold A. Innis
4709:
4698:Howard S. Ellis
4674:I. Leo Sharfman
4668:Joseph S. Davis
4662:Albert B. Wolfe
4656:Edwin G. Nourse
4650:Sumner Slichter
4608:Harry A. Millis
4566:Thomas S. Adams
4548:
4525:Henry R. Seager
4495:John R. Commons
4465:Frank A. Fetter
4459:Henry W. Farnam
4453:Edmund J. James
4441:Simon N. Patten
4411:
4364:
4359:
4329:
4324:
4262:
4254:
4251:(United States)
4245:(United States)
4229:
4220:(United States)
4204:
4189:(United States)
4173:
4143:
4119:
4110:(United States)
4104:(United States)
4088:
4081:
4051:
4046:
4038:
4029:Douglas Diamond
4019:
4000:
3985:
3966:
3954:
3946:
3941:Bengt Holmström
3934:
3926:
3918:
3902:
3890:
3878:
3862:
3850:
3842:
3826:
3818:
3806:
3797:Finn E. Kydland
3794:
3782:
3777:Vernon L. Smith
3773:Daniel Kahneman
3770:
3754:
3743:
3731:
3723:
3715:
3703:
3698:William Vickrey
3691:
3683:
3678:Reinhard Selten
3667:
3658:Robert W. Fogel
3655:
3647:
3642:Ronald H. Coase
3639:
3623:
3618:Trygve Haavelmo
3615:
3607:
3602:Robert M. Solow
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3531:
3523:
3511:
3506:Milton Friedman
3503:
3492:
3480:
3468:
3460:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3420:
3409:
3400:
3366:
3362:
3353:
3345:
3330:
3321:
3309:
3268:
3210:
3158:
3156:Further reading
3153:
3110:
3106:
3094:
3090:
3047:
3043:
2998:
2994:
2949:
2945:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2848:
2844:
2825:
2821:
2810:Financial Times
2802:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2755:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2614:
2610:
2547:
2543:
2496:
2492:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2352:
2345:Yale University
2340:
2334:
2330:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2198:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2159:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2119:
2115:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2047:10.2307/1182949
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1947:
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1935:
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1817:
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1722:
1718:
1705:
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1700:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1621:library.mit.edu
1615:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1594:
1574:Martin Weitzman
1561:
1524:
1512:life expectancy
1496:economic growth
1480:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1430:Paris agreement
1340:nuclear weapons
1324:ozone-depleting
1292:
1167:
1101:Skull and Bones
1054:
1030:Yale University
1015:
975:
965:
963:
956:
955:
914:
906:
905:
886:Joseph Stiglitz
846:Milton Friedman
826:Friedrich Hayek
751:
741:
740:
623:
613:
612:
583:
575:
574:
560:Mundell–Fleming
555:Matching theory
493:Keynesian cross
478:
470:
469:
440:
432:
431:
217:
162:
145:Yale University
115:
95:
91:
80:Yale University
71:
61:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5393:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5242:
5241:
5239:Global warming
5229:
5217:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5172:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5136:
5133:Richard Thaler
5130:
5124:
5121:Claudia Goldin
5118:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5094:
5088:
5082:
5079:George Akerlof
5076:
5070:
5064:
5058:
5052:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5017:
5011:
5005:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4954:Gary S. Becker
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4927:
4924:Gardner Ackley
4921:
4915:
4909:
4903:
4897:
4894:Jacob Marschak
4891:
4885:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4850:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4751:Edwin E. Witte
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4701:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4665:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4572:Fred M. Taylor
4569:
4563:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4543:Allyn A. Young
4540:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4447:Davis R. Dewey
4444:
4438:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4406:Richard T. Ely
4403:
4397:
4394:Henry C. Adams
4391:
4385:
4379:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4335:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4246:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4221:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4156:
4145:
4144:
4136:Olga Tokarczuk
4134:
4132:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4114:Gregory Winter
4111:
4105:
4102:Frances Arnold
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4057:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4041:Claudia Goldin
4036:
4017:
4010:Joshua Angrist
3998:
3983:
3980:Michael Kremer
3964:
3952:
3944:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3905:Eugene F. Fama
3900:
3888:
3876:
3860:
3848:
3840:
3833:Eric S. Maskin
3829:Leonid Hurwicz
3824:
3816:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3768:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3681:
3665:
3653:
3650:Gary S. Becker
3645:
3637:
3621:
3613:
3610:Maurice Allais
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3529:
3521:
3518:James E. Meade
3509:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3478:
3466:
3458:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3367:
3358:
3355:
3346:
3343:Richard Thaler
3341:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3328:Richard Thaler
3326:
3323:
3310:
3307:Claudia Goldin
3305:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3278:
3266:
3255:
3240:
3235:
3223:
3209:
3208:External links
3206:
3205:
3204:
3184:10.1086/661273
3176:10.1086/661273
3170:(1): 224–242.
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3118:Globalizations
3104:
3088:
3061:(2): 275–292.
3041:
2992:
2963:(3): 289–303.
2943:
2928:
2895:
2883:NobelPrize.org
2870:
2842:
2819:
2796:
2778:
2766:
2737:
2725:
2695:
2667:
2628:(2): 603–618.
2608:
2541:
2490:
2441:
2416:
2375:
2350:
2328:
2268:
2250:
2243:
2222:
2215:
2209:. p. 30.
2183:
2176:
2140:
2134:978-0300189773
2133:
2113:
2087:
2080:
2060:
2041:(4): 352–363.
2024:
1993:
1968:
1945:
1906:
1871:
1842:
1836:978-0618001965
1835:
1815:
1753:
1748:sandiapeak.com
1735:
1716:
1698:
1678:
1659:
1646:978-0313225543
1645:
1626:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1570:Robert Pindyck
1560:
1557:
1553:carbon pricing
1523:
1520:
1479:
1476:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1434:zero emissions
1417:European Union
1408:carbon pricing
1348:climate change
1300:climate change
1291:
1288:
1283:cost of living
1192:climate change
1188:global warming
1177:Paul Samuelson
1166:
1163:
1053:
1050:
1038:climate change
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1006:
999:
991:
988:
987:
986:
985:
973:
958:
957:
954:
953:
948:
943:
941:Microeconomics
938:
937:
936:
926:
921:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
856:Lawrence Klein
853:
851:Paul Samuelson
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
806:Michał Kalecki
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
752:
747:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
733:
728:
726:Disequilibrium
723:
722:
721:
714:Post-Keynesian
711:
706:
705:
704:
694:
683:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
661:
660:
650:
645:
644:
643:
638:
624:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
584:
582:Related fields
581:
580:
577:
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572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
546:
545:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
508:Phillips curve
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
388:
387:
377:
372:
371:
370:
360:
358:Money creation
355:
354:
353:
343:
338:
337:
336:
331:
326:
316:
314:Liquidity trap
311:
306:
301:
300:
299:
294:
284:
279:
274:
273:
272:
267:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
232:Business cycle
229:
224:
218:
216:Basic concepts
215:
214:
211:
210:
202:
201:
199:Macroeconomics
195:
194:
182:
181:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
154:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
121:
120:
109:
105:
104:
77:
73:
72:
62:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5392:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:Living people
5253:
5252:
5250:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5188:
5185:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5145:Alvin E. Roth
5143:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5091:Avinash Dixit
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5062:
5061:Peter Diamond
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5049:Sherwin Rosen
5047:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4990:Zvi Griliches
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4972:GĂ©rard Debreu
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4960:Robert Eisner
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4811:Fritz Machlup
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4745:John D. Black
4743:
4740:
4739:Simon Kuznets
4737:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4614:John M. Clark
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4531:Carl C. Plehn
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4501:Irving Fisher
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4429:F. W. Taussig
4427:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4388:John B. Clark
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4193:GĂ©rard Mourou
4191:
4188:
4187:Arthur Ashkin
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4162:Denis Mukwege
4160:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4071:
4066:
4064:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3893:Alvin E. Roth
3889:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3853:Elinor Ostrom
3849:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3719:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3611:
3606:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3578:Richard Stone
3574:
3571:
3570:GĂ©rard Debreu
3566:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3471:Gunnar Myrdal
3467:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3451:John R. Hicks
3447:
3444:
3443:Simon Kuznets
3439:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3427:Jan Tinbergen
3424:
3423:Ragnar Frisch
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3365:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3247:Freeman Dyson
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2939:
2932:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:, 42(2), pp.
2749:
2748:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2699:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2645:11250/3092796
2641:
2636:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2586:11250/3056333
2582:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2561:(9): 093005.
2560:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2527:11250/3024350
2523:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
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2486:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2468:
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2456:
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2430:
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2420:
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2408:
2403:
2398:
2394:
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2386:
2379:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
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2296:
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2272:
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2255:
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2240:
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2218:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2179:
2177:0-870-14259-3
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2083:
2081:9780073511290
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2012:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1956:
1949:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1875:
1860:. May 3, 1964
1859:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:Nuzzo, Regina
1757:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1727:
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1712:
1708:
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1691:
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1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1379:discount rate
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:deforestation
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:price indexes
1233:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
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1152:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:(1962) and a
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:German Jewish
1067:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1012:
1007:
1005:
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989:
984:
979:
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939:
935:
932:
931:
930:
927:
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922:
920:
917:
916:
910:
909:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:Peter Diamond
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
861:Edmund Phelps
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
836:Richard Stone
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
821:Joan Robinson
819:
817:
816:Simon Kuznets
814:
812:
811:Gunnar Myrdal
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
786:Irving Fisher
784:
782:
781:Knut Wicksell
779:
777:
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772:
769:
767:
764:
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659:
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653:New classical
651:
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629:
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407:Shrinkflation
405:
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304:Interest rate
302:
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261:Expectations
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78:
74:
69:
65:
59:(age 83)
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
5187:Janet Currie
5163:Janet Yellen
5157:Ben Bernanke
5126:
5097:Angus Deaton
5042:2001–present
4704:Frank Knight
4686:Paul Douglas
4632:Alvin Hansen
4578:Edwin F. Gay
4477:John H. Gray
4471:David Kinley
4294:
4242:
4224:Tasuku Honjo
4139:
4108:George Smith
4025:Ben Bernanke
4014:Guido Imbens
3991:Paul Milgrom
3976:Esther Duflo
3956:
3929:Angus Deaton
3845:Paul Krugman
3748:2001–present
3514:Bertil Ohlin
3364:Esther Duflo
3348:
3312:
3290:
3263:
3257:
3250:
3234:at Wikiquote
3167:
3163:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2978:1721.1/66946
2960:
2956:
2946:
2937:
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2907:
2898:
2886:. Retrieved
2882:
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2855:
2845:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2740:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2710:
2698:
2686:. Retrieved
2679:
2670:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2434:December 10,
2432:. Retrieved
2428:
2419:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:
2353:
2331:
2290:
2284:
2271:
2261:
2234:
2231:Palda, Filip
2225:
2202:
2191:
2186:
2163:
2153:Tobin, James
2148:
2143:
2123:
2116:
2097:
2090:
2070:
2063:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2010:
1984:. Retrieved
1980:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:the original
1927:
1899:– via
1882:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1857:
1825:
1818:
1773:
1769:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1672:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1635:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1582:
1578:
1566:
1562:
1546:
1539:
1525:
1481:
1453:
1423:
1421:
1404:
1389:
1384:
1375:Stern Review
1368:
1345:
1317:
1311:
1293:
1271:
1263:
1250:carbon paper
1242:Pony Express
1235:
1231:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1148:
1137:
1078:
1055:
1021:
1020:
896:Paul Krugman
880:
841:Hyman Minsky
801:Alvin Hansen
685:
684:
625:
588:Econometrics
565:Overshooting
518:Harrod–Domar
513:Arrow–Debreu
460:Central bank
427:Unemployment
417:Supply shock
375:Money supply
252:Disinflation
247:Demand shock
175:Robert Solow
156:
141:Institutions
124:
57:May 31, 1941
18:
5260:1941 births
5181:Susan Athey
5103:Robert Hall
4996:Amartya Sen
4841:James Tobin
4638:Jacob Viner
4168:Nadia Murad
4085:Nobel Prize
3937:Oliver Hart
3921:Jean Tirole
3718:Amartya Sen
3554:James Tobin
3322:2014– 2015
3012:(2): 1–37.
2863:October 31,
2718:January 27,
2688:January 27,
1652:October 11,
1559:Evaluations
1381:, writing,
1356:Agriculture
1266:Filip Palda
1254:photocopier
1219:James Tobin
1155:Connecticut
1058:Albuquerque
776:LĂ©on Walras
670:Supply-side
503:Accelerator
412:Stagflation
397:Price level
292:Demand-pull
93:Sciences Po
64:Albuquerque
5249:Categories
5169:David Card
4249:Paul Romer
4138:(Poland) (
4125:Literature
4006:David Card
3961:Paul Romer
2791:aeaweb.org
2461:: 106695.
2108:10179/2178
2017:October 8,
1961:October 1,
1938:October 8,
1864:October 8,
1604:References
1585:Steve Keen
1549:carbon tax
1532:Paul Romer
1500:well-being
1352:ecosystems
1336:transgenic
1264:Economist
1062:New Mexico
831:John Hicks
761:Adam Smith
719:Circuitism
709:Ecological
697:Chartalism
648:Monetarism
626:Mainstream
523:Solow–Swan
498:Multiplier
455:Commercial
351:Endogenous
309:Investment
68:New Mexico
53:1941-05-31
5227:Biography
4875:1976–2000
4714:1951–1975
4553:1926–1950
4416:1901–1925
4369:1886–1900
4094:Chemistry
4087:laureates
3497:1976–2000
3414:1969–1975
3403:Laureates
3314:President
3146:225300874
3138:1750-6816
3083:225300874
3075:1750-6816
3028:0002-8282
2987:0095-0696
2681:Swissinfo
2662:259617760
2654:0021-9886
2603:252179609
2595:1748-9326
2536:2624-9553
2485:0140-9883
2411:0002-8282
2071:Economics
1986:March 17,
1887:(Ph.D.).
1617:"PDS SSO"
1516:efficient
1474:in 2020.
1415:) of the
1296:economics
1181:Economics
1172:Economics
1151:New Haven
1074:Paderborn
929:Economics
771:Karl Marx
686:Heterodox
665:Stockholm
631:Keynesian
402:Recession
297:Cost-push
287:Inflation
242:Deflation
76:Education
4201:(Canada)
4195:(France)
3200:41522654
3192:21936195
3036:59019533
2921:June 17,
2888:June 17,
2323:23232493
2315:17778354
2233:(2013).
2194:(1996).
2155:(1973).
2011:YaleNews
1901:ProQuest
1897:24679365
1810:16803963
1592:See also
1360:forestry
1330:such as
1214:(2021).
913:See also
692:Austrian
450:Monetary
439:Policies
270:Rational
265:Adaptive
191:a series
189:Part of
5201:Portals
4226:(Japan)
4179:Physics
3405:of the
3335:Awards
3316:of the
2563:Bibcode
2463:Bibcode
2368:July 7,
2295:Bibcode
2286:Science
2099:Zealand
2055:1182949
1801:1502525
1778:Bibcode
1470:by the
1279:welfare
1121:Provost
1085:Andover
934:Applied
731:Marxian
621:Schools
5189:(2024)
5183:(2023)
5177:(2022)
5171:(2021)
5165:(2020)
5159:(2019)
5153:(2018)
5147:(2017)
5141:(2016)
5135:(2015)
5129:(2014)
5123:(2013)
5117:(2012)
5111:(2011)
5105:(2010)
5099:(2009)
5093:(2008)
5087:(2007)
5081:(2006)
5075:(2005)
5069:(2004)
5063:(2003)
5057:(2002)
5051:(2001)
5034:(2000)
5028:(1999)
5022:(1998)
5016:(1997)
5010:(1996)
5004:(1995)
4998:(1994)
4992:(1993)
4986:(1992)
4980:(1991)
4974:(1990)
4968:(1989)
4962:(1988)
4956:(1987)
4950:(1986)
4944:(1985)
4938:(1984)
4932:(1983)
4926:(1982)
4920:(1981)
4914:(1980)
4908:(1979)
4902:(1978)
4896:(1978)
4890:(1977)
4884:(1976)
4867:(1975)
4861:(1974)
4855:(1973)
4849:(1972)
4843:(1971)
4837:(1970)
4831:(1969)
4825:(1968)
4819:(1967)
4813:(1966)
4807:(1965)
4801:(1964)
4795:(1963)
4789:(1962)
4783:(1961)
4777:(1960)
4771:(1959)
4765:(1958)
4759:(1957)
4753:(1956)
4747:(1955)
4741:(1954)
4735:(1953)
4729:(1952)
4723:(1951)
4706:(1950)
4700:(1949)
4694:(1948)
4688:(1947)
4682:(1946)
4676:(1945)
4670:(1944)
4664:(1943)
4658:(1942)
4652:(1941)
4646:(1940)
4640:(1939)
4634:(1938)
4628:(1937)
4622:(1936)
4616:(1935)
4610:(1934)
4604:(1933)
4598:(1932)
4592:(1931)
4586:(1930)
4580:(1929)
4574:(1928)
4568:(1927)
4562:(1926)
4545:(1925)
4539:(1924)
4533:(1923)
4527:(1922)
4521:(1921)
4515:(1920)
4509:(1919)
4503:(1918)
4497:(1917)
4491:(1916)
4485:(1915)
4479:(1914)
4473:(1913)
4467:(1912)
4461:(1911)
4455:(1910)
4449:(1909)
4443:(1908)
4437:(1906)
4431:(1904)
4425:(1902)
4408:(1900)
4402:(1898)
4396:(1896)
4390:(1894)
4384:(1893)
4378:(1886)
4170:(Iraq)
4039:2023:
3955:2018:
3947:2017:
3935:2016:
3927:2015:
3919:2014:
3903:2013:
3891:2012:
3879:2011:
3863:2010:
3851:2009:
3843:2008:
3827:2007:
3819:2006:
3807:2005:
3795:2004:
3783:2003:
3771:2002:
3755:2001:
3732:2000:
3724:1999:
3716:1998:
3704:1997:
3692:1996:
3684:1995:
3668:1994:
3656:1993:
3648:1992:
3640:1991:
3624:1990:
3616:1989:
3608:1988:
3600:1987:
3592:1986:
3584:1985:
3576:1984:
3568:1983:
3560:1982:
3552:1981:
3544:1980:
3532:1979:
3524:1978:
3512:1977:
3504:1976:
3481:1975:
3469:1974:
3461:1973:
3449:1972:
3441:1971:
3433:1970:
3421:1969:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3164:Osiris
3144:
3136:
3081:
3073:
3034:
3026:
2985:
2760:, pp.
2660:
2652:
2601:
2593:
2534:
2483:
2409:
2321:
2313:
2241:
2213:
2174:
2131:
2078:
2053:
1895:
1833:
1808:
1798:
1643:
1445:Honors
1210:; and
1129:Carter
749:People
477:Models
445:Fiscal
422:Saving
282:Growth
163:(1967)
161:
152:Thesis
131:Fields
119:(2018)
114:(2017)
108:Awards
70:, U.S.
4295:2018
4149:Peace
4083:2018
3354:2018
3274:JSTOR
3196:S2CID
3180:JSTOR
3142:S2CID
3079:S2CID
3032:S2CID
2754:–190.
2658:S2CID
2599:S2CID
2341:(PDF)
2319:S2CID
2281:(PDF)
2199:(PDF)
2160:(PDF)
2051:JSTOR
1693:(PDF)
1252:with
1248:, of
1244:with
1111:from
1095:from
570:NAIRU
488:AD–AS
483:IS–LM
346:Money
4320:2023
4315:2022
4310:2021
4305:2020
4300:2019
4290:2017
4285:2016
4280:2015
4275:2014
4270:2013
4153:2018
4129:2018
4021:2022
4002:2021
3987:2020
3968:2019
3188:PMID
3134:ISSN
3071:ISSN
3024:ISSN
2983:ISSN
2923:2021
2890:2021
2865:2018
2764:–68.
2720:2020
2690:2020
2650:ISSN
2591:ISSN
2532:ISSN
2481:ISSN
2436:2023
2407:ISSN
2370:2015
2311:PMID
2239:ISBN
2211:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2129:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2019:2018
1988:2021
1963:2017
1940:2018
1893:OCLC
1866:2018
1831:ISBN
1806:PMID
1654:2018
1641:ISBN
1498:and
1490:and
1436:, CO
1413:CBAM
1190:and
1097:Yale
1091:and
1036:and
636:Neo-
543:DSGE
237:CAGR
43:Born
3172:doi
3126:doi
3063:doi
3014:doi
2973:hdl
2965:doi
2912:doi
2838:...
2752:169
2640:hdl
2630:doi
2581:hdl
2571:doi
2522:hdl
2512:doi
2471:doi
2459:122
2397:doi
2393:105
2303:doi
2291:258
2104:hdl
2043:doi
1796:PMC
1786:doi
1774:103
1398:on
1322:or
1298:of
1113:MIT
1109:PhD
1083:in
1048:".
1028:at
641:New
385:SNA
334:NNI
329:GNI
324:GDP
101:PhD
5251::
4031:/
4027:/
4023::
4012:/
4008:/
4004::
3993:/
3989::
3978:/
3974:/
3970::
3959:/
3939:/
3911:/
3907:/
3895:/
3883:/
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3425:/
3272:.
3194:.
3186:.
3178:.
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3166:.
3140:.
3132:.
3122:18
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