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3352:, there were several purposes behind Ford's and Nixon's push to have Douglas impeached. First, while it was true that Nixon and Ford were angered at the Senate's determination not to confirm Haynsworth and Carswell, Nixon had a deep-seated hatred of Douglas. An attempt to have Douglas impeached and then brought to a Senate trial would further cement the alleged "Southern Strategy", as most of Ford's congressional allies against Douglas were Southern Democrats. Additionally, Nixon and Kissinger had secretly planned for an April 30 – May 1 invasion of Cambodia and Nixon thought that there was a possibility of using a House investigation into Douglas to deflect news coverage. Professor Kastenberg notes in his recent book on the subject that Attorney General John Mitchell and his deputy, William Wilson, had promised Ford that the Central Intelligence Agency, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Internal Revenue Service, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation had evidence of Douglas's criminal conduct. In the end, however, none of these agencies had any evidence of wrongdoing by Douglas, but the promise led Ford to accuse Douglas of consorting with organized crime and Communists, and therefore of being a threat to national security.
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lose the political experience, and the moral education and stimulus that come from fighting the question out in the ordinary way, and correcting their own errors"; that the effect of a participation by the judiciary in these processes is "to dwarf the political capacity of the people, and to deaden its sense of moral responsibility." J. Thayer, John
Marshall 106, 107 (1901).¶ The late Edmond Cahn, who opposed that view, stated my philosophy. He emphasized the importance of the role that the federal judiciary was designed to play in guarding basic rights against majoritarian control. ... His description of our constitutional tradition was in these words: "Be not reasonable with inquisitions, anonymous informers, and secret files that mock American justice. Be not reasonable with punitive denationalizations, ex post facto deportations, labels of disloyalty, and all the other stratagems for outlawing human beings from the community of mankind. These devices have put us to shame. Exercise the full judicial power of the United States; nullify them, forbid them, and make us proud again." Can the Supreme Court Defend Civil Liberties? in Samuel, ed., Toward a Better America 132, 144 -145 (1968).
3514:
3061:, Douglas hiked the entire 2,000 miles (3,200 km) trail from Georgia to Maine. His love for the environment carried through to his judicial reasoning. His interests in natural history are also reflected in the fact that he collected plant specimens for the herbarium of the University of Texas at Austin. They curate at least 14 vascular plant specimens collected by Douglas together with botanist Donovan Stewart Correll, Head of the Botanical Laboratory, Texas Research Foundation in February and June 1965. The specimens collected in February were from Presidio and Brewster Counties—several from Capote Falls. The specimens collected in June were from Blanco, Gillespie, and Llano Counties—near Austin, Texas. The Rocky Mountain Herbarium at the University of Wyoming curates a lichen collected by William O. Douglas in Snoqualmie National Forest.
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2986:—a creature of ecclesiastical law—is an acceptable adversary and large fortunes ride on its cases ... So it should be as respects valleys, alpine meadows, rivers, lakes, estuaries, beaches, ridges, groves of trees, swampland, or even air that feels the destructive pressures of modern technology and modern life. The river, for example, is the living symbol of all the life it sustains or nourishes—fish, aquatic insects, water ouzels, otter, fisher, deer, elk, bear, and all other animals, including man, who are dependent on it or who enjoy it for its sight, its sound, or its life. The river as plaintiff speaks for the ecological unit of life that is part of it.
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clerks—whom he described as 'the lowest form of human life'—took to calling him "shithead" behind his back." Posner asserts also that "Douglas's judicial oeuvre is slipshod and slapdash," but
Douglas's "intelligence, his energy, his academic and government experience, his flair for writing, the leadership skills that he had displayed at the SEC, and his ability to charm when he bothered to try" could have let him "become the greatest justice in history." Brennan once stated that Douglas was one of only "two geniuses" he had met in his life (the other being Posner).
2947:, where he dismissed the Government's argument that he was causing a "constitutional confrontation" by saying, "we live in a world of confrontations. That's what the whole system is about." On August 4, Douglas ordered the military to stop bombing, reasoning "denial of the application before me would catapult our airmen as well as Cambodian peasants into the death zone." The U.S. military ignored Douglas's order. Six hours later the eight other justices reconvened by telephone for a special term and unanimously overturned Douglas's ruling.
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in 1974 Douglas claimed that there had been no 'war' between him and
Frankfurter, the evidence to the contrary was overwhelming. Frankfurter and Douglas, two important American jurists whose decades-long bitter debates (indeed, whose 'wars') contributed a great deal to our understanding of constitutionalism in a modern society, could not tolerate each other. Intentionally and unintentionally, they went out of their way to harass each other for over two decades."
2006:
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3160:, Douglas wrote that he was sometimes criticized for taking too much time off from the bench, and writing travel books while on the U.S. Supreme Court. However, Douglas maintained that the travel gave him a world-wide perspective that was helpful in resolving cases before the Court. It also gave him a perspective on political systems that did not benefit from the legal protections in the American Constitution.
3334:. Its publisher had served a prison sentence for the distribution of another magazine in 1966 that had been deemed obscene by some critics. Describing Douglas's article, Ford stated, "The article itself is not pornographic, although it praises the lusty, lurid, and risqué along with the social protest of left-wing folk singers." Ford also attacked Douglas for publishing an article in
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observations about current politics, and literature, as much as more conventional judicial sources. Douglas wrote many of his opinions in twenty minutes, often publishing the first draft. Douglas was also known for his fearsome work ethic, by publishing over thirty books and once telling an exhausted secretary, Fay Aull, "If you hadn't stopped working, you wouldn't be tired."
2754:. Whereas Black voted with the majority under strict construction to uphold the state constitutional provision, Douglas and Abe Fortas dissented. According to Douglas, Georgia tradition would guarantee a Maddox victory but he had trailed Callaway by some 3,000 votes in the general election returns. Douglas also saw the issue as a continuation of the earlier decision
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3295:. Besides being personally disgusted by Douglas's lifestyle, Ford was also mindful that Douglas's protégé Abe Fortas was forced to resign because of ties to a similar foundation. Fortas would later say that he "resigned to save Douglas," thinking that the dual investigations of himself and Douglas would stop with his resignation.
3409:: "My ideas are way out of line with current trends, and I see no particular point in staying around and being obnoxious." However, he did not want to do so when a Republican was in the White House and would nominate his successor, saying "I won't resign while there's a breath in my body —until we get a Democratic President."
2654:(1949), overturning the conviction of a Catholic priest who allegedly caused a "breach of the peace" by making anti-Semitic comments during a raucous public speech. Douglas, joined by Black, furthered his advocacy of a broad reading of First Amendment rights by dissenting from the Supreme Court's decision in
3427:, Douglas suffered a debilitating stroke in the right hemisphere of his brain. It paralyzed his left leg and forced him to use a wheelchair. Douglas was severely disabled but insisted on continuing to participate in Supreme Court affairs despite his obvious incapacity. Seven of his fellow justices (with
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after having initially planned to dissent, a vote he later regretted, but, over the course of his career, he grew to become a leading advocate of individual rights. He was suspicious of majority rule as it related to social and moral questions, and frequently expressed concern about forced conformity
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when deciding cases. "But the origin of
Douglas and Frankfurter's deep-seated animosity went beyond important jurisprudential differences. Temperamentally, they were opposites. From the beginning of their close associations as justices, the two men simply grated on each other's nerves. . . . Although
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showed that from June to
December 1918, Douglas served in the SATC as (what the War Department's regulations termed) "a soldier in the Army of the United States ... placed upon active-duty status immediately." Tom Sherlock, Arlington's official historian, told Lane that an "active-duty recruit whose
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While still married to Riddle, Douglas began openly pursuing
Mercedes Hester Davidson in 1951. Other justices at the time kept mistresses as secretaries or kept them away from the Court building according to Douglas's messenger Harry Datcher, but Douglas "did what he did in the open. He didn't give
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received a letter from
Roosevelt stating that his choice for the nominee would be either "Harry Truman or Bill Douglas". After Hannegan released the letter to the convention on July 20, the nomination went without incident, and Truman was nominated on the second ballot. Douglas received two votes on
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had no objection to the concept of penumbras, writing, "There is nothing exceptional about thought, other than the language of penumbras and emanations. Courts often give protection to a constitutional freedom by creating a buffer zone, by prohibiting a government from doing something not in itself
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would conclude that because
Douglas believed his convictions were merely "a matter of his own emotional biases," Douglas would fail to meet "minimal intellectual responsibilities." Ultimately, Douglas believed that a judge's role was "not neutral" as "The Constitution is not neutral. It was designed
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retired from the Court, and
Roosevelt nominated Douglas as his replacement on March 20. Douglas was Brandeis's personal choice as a successor. Douglas later revealed that his appointment had been a great surprise to him (Roosevelt had summoned him to an "important meeting"), and Douglas feared that
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The critical question of "standing" would be simplified and also put neatly in focus if we fashioned a federal rule that allowed environmental issues to be litigated before federal agencies or federal courts in the name of the inanimate object about to be despoiled, defaced, or invaded by roads and
2817:"Critics have sometimes charged that was result oriented and guilty of oversimplification; those who understand how he thought, and who share his compassion, conscience, and sense of fair dealing, see him as courageous and farsighted." "There is no necessary contradiction between these two views."
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There has long been a school of thought here that the less the judiciary does, the better. It is often said that judicial intrusion should be infrequent, since it is "always attended with a serious evil, namely, that the correction of legislative mistakes comes from the outside, and the people thus
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On
October 2, 1949, Douglas had thirteen of his ribs broken after he got thrown by a horse and he tumbled down a rocky hillside. As a result of his injuries, Douglas did not return to the Court until March 1950 and did not take part in many of that term's cases. Four months after his return to the
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By 1948, Douglas's presidential aspirations were rekindled by Truman's low popularity, after he had succeeded Roosevelt in 1945. Many Democrats, believing that Truman could not be elected in November, began trying to find a replacement candidate. Attempts were made to draft popular retired General
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After the convention, Douglas's supporters spread the rumor that the note sent to Hannegan had read "Bill Douglas or Harry Truman", not the other way around. These supporters claimed that Hannegan, a Truman supporter, feared that Douglas's nomination would drive Southern white voters away from the
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In general, legal scholars have noted that Douglas's judicial style was unusual in that he did not attempt to elaborate justifications for his judicial positions on the basis of text, history, or precedent. Douglas was known for writing short, pithy opinions which relied on philosophical insights,
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He traveled to New York taking a job tending sheep on a Chicago-bound train, in return for free passage, with hopes to attend the Columbia Law School. Douglas drew on his Beta Theta Pi membership to help him survive in New York, as he stayed at one of its houses and was able to borrow $ 75 from a
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to entrap him. In a private letter to his neighbors, he said: "I wrote you last fall or winter that federal agents were in Yakima and Goose Prairie looking me over at Goose Prairie. I thought they were merely counting fence posts. But I learned in New York City yesterday that they were planting
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vehemently disagreeing) voted to postpone until the next term any argued case in which Douglas's vote might make a difference. Douglas finally retired on November 12, 1975, after 36 years of service. He had been the last serving Supreme Court justice to have been appointed by Roosevelt. Indeed,
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Douglas maintained a busy speaking and publishing schedule to supplement his income. He became severely burdened financially because of a bitter divorce and settlement with his first wife. He sustained additional financial setbacks after divorces and settlements with his second and third wives.
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In the end, Eisenhower refused to be drafted, and Truman won nomination easily. Although Truman approached Douglas about the vice presidential nomination, the justice turned him down. Douglas's close associate Tommy Corcoran was later heard to ask, "Why be a number two man to a number two man?"
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in Arkansas. They put in at the low water bridge at Boxley. That experience made him a fan of the river and the young organization's idea of protecting it. Douglas was instrumental in having the Buffalo preserved as a free-flowing river left in its natural state. The decision was opposed by the
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in which the Court ruled that gays and lesbians were included in the list of “psychopathic personalities” that Congress could deport, arguing that the term “psychopathic personality” was unconstitutionally vague, and even if it were not, not all gays and lesbians are psychopaths. In 1968, in a
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Douglas quit the Cravath firm after four months. After one year, he moved back to Yakima, but soon regretted the move and never practiced law in Washington. After a time of unemployment and another months-long stint at Cravath, he started teaching at Columbia Law School. In 1928, he joined the
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bulldozers and where injury is the subject of public outrage. Contemporary public concern for protecting nature's ecological equilibrium should lead to the conferral of standing upon environmental objects to sue for their own preservation. This suit would therefore be more properly labeled as
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during the latter part of Douglas's tenure, characterized Douglas as "a bored, distracted, uncollegial, irresponsible" Supreme Court justice, as well as "rude, ice-cold, hot-tempered, ungrateful, foul-mouthed, self-absorbed" and so abusive in "treatment of his staff to the point where his law
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For much of his life, Douglas was dogged by various rumors and allegations about his private life, originating from political rivals and other detractors of his liberal legal opinions on the Court—often a matter of controversy. In one such instance in 1966, Republican Representative
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demands." Douglas now outspokenly argued the war was illegal, dissenting whenever the Court passed on an opportunity to hear such claims. In 1968 Douglas issued an order blocking the shipment of Army reservists to Vietnam, before the eight other justices unanimously reversed him.
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represented Riddle in the divorce, securing alimony with an "escalator clause" that gave Douglas a financial motivation to publish more books. Douglas was not informed about Riddle's 1969 death until several months had passed because his children had stopped talking to him.
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During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Douglas set a number of records, all of which still stand. He sat on the U.S. Supreme Court for more than thirty-six years (1939–75), longer than any other justice. During those years, he wrote some thirty books in addition to his
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was officially dedicated to Douglas in honor of his exhaustive efforts dating from the 1950s in support of preserving the historic canal. In 1998, the Park commemorated the 100th Anniversary of Douglas's birth by unveiling a portrait of Justice Douglas hiking along the
3235:, a war hero, for the nomination. A "Draft Douglas" campaign, complete with souvenir buttons and hats, sprang up in New Hampshire and several other primary states. Douglas campaigned for the nomination for a short time, but he soon withdrew his name from consideration.
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had taken his former seat. Douglas reacted with outrage when, returning to his old chambers, he discovered that his clerks had been reassigned to Stevens and when he tried to file opinions for cases in which he had heard arguments before his retirement, Chief Justice
2870:, who reconvened the Court before the appointed date and set aside the stay. Douglas had departed for vacation, but on learning of the special session of the Court, he returned to Washington. Because of widespread opposition to his decision, Douglas briefly faced
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to remark, "Has anybody read the article – or is everybody over there who has a magazine just looking at the pictures?" As it became clear that the impeachment proceedings would be unsuccessful, they were brought to a close without a public vote.
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and economics, he taught English and Latin at his old high school for the next two years, hoping to earn enough to attend law school. "Finally," he said, "I decided it was impossible to save enough money by teaching and I said to hell with it."
2853:, held that only a jury could pronounce the death penalty. Since at the time the stay was granted the Supreme Court was out of session, this stay meant that the Rosenbergs could expect to wait at least six months before the case was heard.
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fraternity brother from Washington, enough to enroll at Columbia. Six months later, Douglas's funds were running out. The appointments office at the law school told him that a New York firm wanted a student to help prepare a
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service was limited to boot camp would qualify" to be buried in Arlington. Lane therefore concluded, "Legally, then, Douglas may have had a plausible claim to be a 'Private, U.S. Army,' as his headstone at Arlington reads."
3003:(1950), Douglas discusses his close childhood connections with nature. In the 1950s, proposals were made to create a highway along the path of the C&O Canal, which ran on the Maryland bank parallel to the Potomac River.
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May I express on behalf of all our countrymen this nation's great gratitude for your more than thirty-six years as a member of the Supreme Court. Your distinguished years of service are unequaled in all the history of the
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editorial page supported the action. However, Douglas, who frequently hiked on the Canal towpath, opposed the plan and challenged reporters to hike the 185-mile length of the Canal with him. After the hike, the
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in eastern Kentucky, when a proposal to build a dam and flood the gorge reached the Court. Douglas personally visited the area on November 18, 1967. The Red River Gorge's Douglas Trail is named in his honor.
3298:
Some scholars have argued that Ford's impeachment attempt was politically motivated. Those who support this contention note Ford's well-known disappointment with the Senate over the failed nominations of
2898:. Douglas became one of the chief promoters for U.S. support of Diem, with CIA deputy director Robert Amory crediting Diem becoming "our man in Indochina" to a conversation with Douglas during a party at
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in 1904, when Douglas was six years old. Douglas later claimed his mother had been left destitute. After moving the family from town to town in the West, his mother, with three young children, settled in
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Sowards, Adam M. " 'He's a Natural': Justice William O. Douglas and the American Environmental Tradition" (PhD Dissertation, Arizona State University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  2001. 3004138).
5949:
Joshua E. Kastenberg, The Campaign to Impeach Justice William O. Douglas: Nixon, Vietnam, and the Conservative Attack on Judicial Independence (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2019), 152-154
3340:, which he claimed was known to publish photographs of naked women. The Republican congressmen, however, refused to give the majority Democrats copies of the magazines described, prompting Congressman
3275:, introduced a resolution to impeach him. The resolution was referred the next day to the Judiciary Committee to investigate the charges. On July 7, 1953, the committee voted to end the investigation.
3669:
Lane engaged in further research—consulting applicable provisions of the relevant federal statutes, locating Douglas's honorable discharge and speaking with Arlington Cemetery staff. Records in the
3498:, the nine sitting justices signed a formal letter informing him that his retirement had ended his official duties on the Court. It was only then that Douglas withdrew from Supreme Court business.
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The papers of William O. Douglas from his career as professor of law, Securities and Exchange commissioner, and associate justice of the United States Supreme Court were bequeathed by him to the
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student writing her thesis about him. In the summer of 1963, he divorced Davidson; on August 5, 1963, at the age of 64, Douglas married 23-year-old Martin. Douglas and Martin divorced in 1966.
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unconstitutional because Congress had never declared war, and generally showed an uncompromising defense of individual rights from which even stalwart liberals Brennan and Marshall shied away.
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and Kevin M. Quinn, he was by far the most liberal justice in the history of the Supreme Court with a Martin-Quinn score of -8 at his most liberal. He voted to strike down the death penalty in
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marijuana with the prospect of a nice big TV-covered raid in July or August. I forgot to tell you that this gang in power is not in search of truth. They are 'search and destroy' people."
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From 1950 to 1961, Douglas travelled extensively in the Middle East and Asia. Douglas wrote many books about his experiences and observations during these trips. Other than writers from
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Douglas's active role in advocating the preservation and protection of wilderness across the United States earned him the nickname "Wild Bill". Douglas was a friend and frequent guest of
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3505:, which can lead an affected person to be unaware and unable to acknowledge disease in himself, and often results in defects in reasoning, decision-making, emotions, and feeling.
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ordered all justices, clerks, and other staff members to refuse help to Douglas in those efforts. When Douglas tried in March 1976 to hear arguments in a capital-punishment case,
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2448:, which pushed for an understanding of law based less on formalistic legal doctrines and more on the real-world effects of the law. Teaching at Yale, he and the fellow professor
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The hearings began in late April 1970. Ford was the main witness, and attacked Douglas's "liberal opinions", his "defense of the 'filthy' film", the controversial Swedish film
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3091:, Douglas was accompanied by more than a thousand people. He said: "It's a vital element in the need to save some of our wilderness from the encroachment of civilization."
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3103:—whom he sometimes met on the road—Douglas was one of the few American travel writers to visit these remote regions during this period in time. His travel books include:
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changed its stance and advocated preservation of the Canal in its historic state. Douglas is widely credited with saving the Canal and with its eventual designation as a
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of Kansas attributed his court decisions to his "bad judgment from a matrimonial standpoint". Several other Republican members of Congress introduced resolutions in the
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six years his senior, whom he married on August 16, 1923. They had two children, Mildred and William Jr. William Douglas Jr. became an actor, playing Gerald Zinser in
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After Diem's assassination in November 1963, Douglas became strongly critical of the war, believing Diem had been killed because he "was not sufficiently servile to
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2506:. He was also close, both socially and in thinking to the Progressives of the era, such as Philip and Robert La Follette Jr. That social/political group befriended
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at the party's national convention, a short list of possible replacements was drafted. The names on the list included former senator and Supreme Court justice
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2498:(SEC). By 1937, he had become an adviser and friend to the President and the chairman. He also became friends with a group of young New Dealers, including
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2664:. Douglas was publicly critical of censorship, saying "The way to combat noxious ideas is with other ideas. The way to combat falsehoods is with truth."
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and gave more speeches than any other justice. Douglas had the most marriages (four) and the most divorces (three) of any justice serving on the bench.
2284:, although a biographer reveals that it was intestinal colic. His mother attributed his recovery to a miracle, telling Douglas that one day he would be
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2648:, insisting that the First Amendment's command that "no law" shall restrict freedom of speech should be interpreted literally. He wrote the opinion in
2216:(1954), a Supreme Court case that outlawed segregation in American public schools. He wrote notable concurring or dissenting opinions in cases such as
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Conflict Among the Brethren: Felix Frankfurter, William O. Douglas and the Clash of Personalities and Philosophies on the United States Supreme Court
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2577:. Douglas was sworn into office on April 17, 1939. At the age of forty, Douglas was the fifth-youngest justice to be confirmed to the Supreme Court.
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3053:. The act that soon followed designated the Buffalo River as America's first National River. Douglas was a self-professed outdoorsman. According to
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from both admirers and detractors. The most common epithet was "Wild Bill" in reference to his independent and often-unpredictable stances and his
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2300:. William, like the rest of the Douglas family, did odd jobs to earn extra money, and a college education appeared to be unaffordable. He was the
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Democracy and finance: The addresses and public statements of William O. Douglas as member and chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission
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is a play written by Douglas Scott which explores the life of William O. Douglas. Produced in 1990 at the Lucille Lortel Theatre in New York, NY.
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In May 1962, Douglas and his wife, Cathleen, were invited by Neil Compton and the Ozark Society to visit and canoe down part of the free flowing
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in the summer. Picking cherries, Douglas would say later, inspired him to pursue a legal career. He once said of his early interest in the law:
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Douglas frequently disagreed with the other justices, dissenting in almost 40% of cases, more than half of the time writing only for himself.
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for law. Douglas earned $ 600 for his work, enabling him to stay in school. Hired for similar projects, he saved $ 1,000 by semester's end.
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later that month. Ford later said of the occasion, "We had had differences in the past, but I wanted to stress that bygones were bygones."
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in Washington, D.C. He was survived by his fourth wife, Cathleen Douglas, and two children, Mildred and William Jr., with his first wife.
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2700:, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance." That went too far for Hugo Black, who dissented in
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7029:(University of Pittsburgh Press for the William O. Douglas Institute, 1990), major collection of essays by experts on his achievements.
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Moses, James L.. 1996. "William O. Douglas and the Vietnam War: Civil Liberties, Presidential Authority, and the 'Political Question.'"
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who I saw being shot at by the police. I saw cruelty and hardness, and my impulse was to be a force in other developments in the law.
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to succeed Fortas. In April 1970, Ford moved to impeach Douglas in an attempt to hit back at the Senate. House Judiciary Chairman
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fraternity. He worked at various jobs while attending school, including as a waiter and janitor during the school year, and at a
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Douglas's formal resignation was submitted, as required by federal protocols, to his longtime political nemesis, then-President
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Silent Spring Revolution: John F. Kennedy, Rachel Carson, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, and the Great Environmental Awakening
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Douglas is interred in Section 5 of Arlington National Cemetery near the graves of eight other former Supreme Court justices:
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Douglas became president of the Parvin Foundation. His ties to the foundation (which was financed by the sale of the infamous
2935:. The Court was in recess for the summer but the Congresswoman reapplied, this time to Douglas. Douglas met with Holtzman's
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Douglas was highly innovative in legal theory. For example, in his dissenting opinion in the landmark environmental law case
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Since the 1970 impeachment hearings, Douglas had wanted to retire from the Court. He wrote to his friend and former student
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6693:"Associate Justice William O. Douglas – Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
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5458:"Associate Justice William O. Douglas – Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)"
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in 1939, Douglas was confirmed at the age of 40, becoming one of the youngest justices appointed to the court. In 1975,
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was a subject of national controversy at the time of their marriage, they remained together until his death in 1980.
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would years later hang a sign in his chambers reading, "Please don't emanate in the penumbras." Conservative Judge
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from 1960 to 1962 and wrote prolifically on his love of the outdoors. In 1962, Douglas wrote a glowing review of
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who gives up the law to become a farmer. His name is a combination of two Supreme Court Justices, Douglas and
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When, in early 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt decided not to support the renomination of Vice President
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described Douglas as "the most outstanding law professor in the nation." When Hutchins became president of the
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and the Nixon administration worked to gather evidence against him. Ford moved forward with the proceedings.
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handled the case carefully and did not uncover evidence of any criminal conduct by Douglas. Attorney General
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by casino financier and foundation benefactor Albert Parvin) became a prime target for House Minority Leader
3212:
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3227:
record on the Supreme Court) and had switched the names to suggest that Truman was Roosevelt's real choice.
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had sentenced the Rosenbergs to death without the consent of the jury. While this was permissible under the
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During the summer of 1925, Douglas started work at the firm of Cravath, DeGersdorff, Swaine and Wood (later
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3324:(1970), and his ties to Parvin. Douglas was also criticized for accepting $ 350 for an article he wrote on
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7135:
3483:. He refused to accept his retirement and tried to participate in the Court's cases well into 1976, after
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called Douglas "the most doctrinaire and committed civil libertarian ever to sit on the court." He is the
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Citizen Justice: The Environmental Legacy of William O. Douglas—Public Advocate and Conservation Champion
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and thought the court should stay out of politics. Douglas did not highly value judicial consistency or
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2961:, 405 U.S. 727 (1972), Douglas argued that "inanimate objects" should have standing to sue in court:
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Douglas took strong positions on the Vietnam War. In 1952, Douglas traveled to Vietnam and met with
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5424:"Speaking of Books : About Fables and Mountains ... Hogs and Government ... Animals and IQ's"
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Four years after retiring from the Supreme Court, Douglas died on January 19, 1980, at age 81, at
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Around this time, Douglas came to believe that strangers snooping around his Washington home were
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1976:
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5882:"(DV) Gerard: Conservatives, Judicial Impeachment, and Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas"
3455:. In his response, Ford put aside previous differences and paid tribute to the retiring justice:
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Five days before the vice presidential nominee was to be chosen at the convention, on July 15,
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and did well enough in school to earn a full academic scholarship to attend Whitman College in
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William O. Douglas Collection at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College.
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Political opponents made two unsuccessful attempts to remove Douglas from the Supreme Court.
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forbidden but likely to lead to an invasion of a right specified in the Constitution." Prof.
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2066:(October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was an American jurist who served as an
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3934:"Mr. Lincoln & the Negroes: The Long Road to Equality", 1963, Atheneum Press, New York.
3790:, in Yakima, Washington. It was dedicated in 1978 to Douglas when the new school was opened.
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Of Power and Right: Hugo Black, William O. Douglas, and America's Constitutional Revolution
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Justice Douglas was also a strong advocate for outdoor recreation and environmental causes.
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2478:, Douglas accepted an offer to move there, but he changed his mind once he had been made a
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Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court. 3d. ed.
6722:
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6208:"Supreme Court of the U.S.: #79 – Associate Justice William O. Douglas Showing 1-28 of 28"
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Inanimate objects are sometimes parties in litigation. A ship has a legal personality, a
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William O. Douglas Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University
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5748:. Vol. 9. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. 1953. pp. 08-311–08-312.
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5237:"House Move to Impeach Douglas Bogs Down; Sponsor Is Told He Fails to Prove His Case,"
5212:
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on April 4 by a vote of 62 to 4. The four negative votes were all cast by Republicans:
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on the Court and attempted to continue serving in that capacity, according to authors
2119:, Douglas was successfully nominated to the Supreme Court in 1939, succeeding Justice
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6860:(2nd ed.) (Supreme Court Historical Society), (Congressional Quarterly Books, 2001)
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2010:
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On July 15, 1966, Douglas married Cathleen Heffernan, then a 22-year-old student at
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Douglas was elected to the Ecology Hall of Fame for his dedication to conservation.
3718:
The 1984 Washington Wilderness Act designated the Cougar Lake Roadless area as the
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a damn what people thought of him." Douglas married Davidson on December 14, 1954.
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2135:. Douglas holds a number of records as a Supreme Court justice, including the most
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William O. Douglas Hall was named in his honor at his alma mater, Whitman College.
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3658:, asserted that this claim was false, although Murphy later added, according to
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Douglas and his son William O. Douglas Jr. in Washington, D.C., on April 17, 1939
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5577:(2009 ed.). Harpers Ferry, WV: Appalachian Trail Conservancy. p. 122.
4433:
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Since 1972, the William O. Douglas Committee, a select group of law students at
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proceedings in Congress but attempts to remove him from the Court went nowhere.
2131:. Douglas served on the Court until his retirement in 1975 and was succeeded by
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7884:
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7606:
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7422:
7392:
7362:
7342:
7249:
6884:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions
6184:
6008:"From Cover-Ups To Secret Plots: The Murky History Of Supreme Justices' Health"
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2380:. He served from October to December, and was honorably discharged because the
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991:
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695:
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202:
89:
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Sowards, Adam M. "Protecting American Lands with Justice William O. Douglas."
3654:, which was inscribed on his headstone. Some historians, including biographer
3419:
group photo with Justice Douglas sitting second from the left on the front row
2520:
wrote that in 1937, Douglas had helped to persuade Roosevelt to authorize the
2510:, a freshman representative from the 10th District of Texas. In his 1982 book
2351:
in his final year. After graduating in 1920 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in
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Douglas, William O., and Joseph W. Meeker. "Nature’s Constitutional Rights."
7027:"He Shall Not Pass This Way Again": The Legacy of Justice William O. Douglas,
6886:(Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, editors) (Chelsea House Publishers: 1995)
5840:
5105:
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3650:. Throughout his life Douglas claimed he had been a U.S. Army private during
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3023:
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opinion "one of the most hypocritical opinions in the history of the Court."
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2316:
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2136:
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1990:
1939:
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956:
951:
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916:
901:
851:
811:
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705:
665:
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7142:"He Shall Not Pass This Way Again": The Legacy of Justice William O. Douglas
5837:
The United States Supreme Court: Lawmaking in the Third Branch of Government
5610:
5382:
William O. Douglas, and Joseph W. Meeker. "Nature’s Constitutional Rights."
3764:, and federal office building in Yakima, Washington, which is listed in the
3464:
Ford hosted William and Cathleen Douglas as honored guests at a White House
2423:, who would later become the chairman of the Board of Chase Manhattan Bank.
39:
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court, Douglas had to be hospitalized again when he was kicked by a horse.
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2280:. Douglas said he suffered from an illness at age two that he described as
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ended the war and the army's requirements for more soldiers and officers.
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7734:
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7442:
7050:
Caragher, James M. "The Wilderness Ethic of Justice William O. Douglas."
6993:
Division and Discord: The Supreme Court under Stone and Vinson, 1941–1953
6799:"William O. Douglas. A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress"
5914:
The Federal Impeachment Process: A Constitutional and Historical Analysis
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in Douglas's honor. Douglas was the first speaker for the annual series.
3501:
One commentator has attributed some of his behavior after his stroke to
2890:
and in 1953 he personally introduced the nationalist leader to senators
2768:
formerly used to choose the governor. According to political scientists
8568:
8376:
8274:
7702:
7120:
The Environmental Justice: William O. Douglas and American Conservation
7065:
5387:
4634:
The Chairman: John J. McCloy – The Making of the American Establishment
4041:
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1031:
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821:
738:
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6194:, Pacific Coast Trail (including map showing where incident occurred),
5690:
5688:
3923:
The Court Years, 1939 to 1975: The Autobiography of William O. Douglas
3436:
by eight years and was the last sitting justice to have served on the
3423:
At 76 on December 31, 1974, on vacation with his wife Cathleen in the
8082:
7558:
6905:
ed. Kermit L. Hall, (Oxford University Press, 1992) pp. 233–235.
6356:
Cloak and Gavel: FBI Wiretaps, Bugs, Informers, and the Supreme Court
4118:
List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 4)
3881:
3390:
3360:
3182:
of South Carolina, former senator (and future Supreme Court justice)
2692:
forbids state contraception bans because "specific guarantees in the
2540:
2532:
2260:, to William Douglas and Julia Bickford Fisk. Douglas's father was a
2005:
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1094:
778:
733:
562:
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5529:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 235.
3939:
3389:
During his time on the Supreme Court, Douglas picked up a number of
2863:
heard about the stay, however, he immediately took his objection to
2206:(1966). Douglas also served as an associate justice in the landmark
7554:
7180:
5746:
Congressional Quarterly Almanac. 83rd Congress 1st Session ... 1953
5685:
5373:, 414 U.S. 1321, 1322 (1973) (Douglas, J., dissenting in chambers).
3578:
3569:, where she was working for the summer as a waitress. Though their
2932:
2838:
1864:
1703:
1459:
763:
7140:
Wilkinson, Charles F. "Justice Douglas and the Public Lands." In
6879:(Twayne Publishers, 1981), Literary study of Douglas as a writer.
4834:
Student Guide: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Facts & Information
3825:
3808:
3712:
3424:
2332:
1194:
5088:
The Constitution in the Supreme Court, Second Century, 1888-1986
2931:'s request for a court order stopping the military from bombing
8702:
United States federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt
6903:
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States,
6663:"60 Years Ago, Hike by Justice Douglas Saved the C&O Canal"
4488:
3868:
3394:
2667:
In 1944, Douglas voted with the majority to uphold the wartime
2127:
and was subject to an unsuccessful draft movement prior to the
7083:
The three hundred year war: A chronicle of ecological disaster
5561:
The Ozarks Society newsletters, and books by Kenneth L. Smith.
4515:
On Further Review, It's Hard to Bury Douglas's Arlington Claim
4123:
List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office
3538:
Douglas divorced Riddle in July 1953. Douglas's former friend
7166:
Oyez project, U.S. Supreme Court media on William O. Douglas.
7101:
Huber, Richard G. "William O. Douglas and the Environment,"
6858:
The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies,1789–1995
2636:. On the bench, Douglas became known as a strong advocate of
2580:
1877:
1806:
1791:
4128:
List of United States federal judges by longevity of service
7257:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
5711:(first ed.). New York: Harper & Row. p. 274.
5571:
Appalachian Trail Long Distance Hikers Association (2009).
3036:
edition. He later swayed the Supreme Court to preserve the
2660:(1952), which affirmed the conviction of the leader of the
2068:
associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
1821:
55:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
5526:
Hill Folks: A History of Arkansas Ozarkers and Their Image
4579:
The Cravath Firm and Its Predecessors, 1819–1947, Volume 1
4113:
List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
4034:
An Interview with William O. Douglas by William O. Douglas
3911:: The Early Years; The Autobiography of William O. Douglas
3565:
Lodge, a mountain wilderness lodge in Washington state at
2849:, under which the Rosenbergs were tried, a later law, the
2644:, Douglas argued for a "literalist" interpretation of the
5286:, 414 U.S. 1316 (1973) (Douglas, J., in chambers) citing
4360:"Justice William O. Douglas (U.S. National Park Service)"
4153:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Warren Court
4148:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Vinson Court
4138:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Hughes Court
4133:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Burger Court
3356:
1858:
5017:
The Court Years: The Autobiography of William O. Douglas
4143:
United States Supreme Court cases during the Stone Court
2364:
In the summer of 1918, Douglas took part in a U.S. Army
6965:
The New Dealers: Power politics in the age of Roosevelt
6532:
Here Lies the Supreme Court: Gravesites of the Justices
6160:"Supreme Court Justices William O. Douglas (1898–1980)"
6147:
Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain.
4473:
Whitman, Alden. (1980). "Vigorous Defender of Rights,"
3828:
by artist Tom Kozar. The portrait, commissioned by the
8657:
Members of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
6925:, Wild Bill: The Legend and Life of William O. Douglas
4780:
4736:
4581:
The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. orig. pub. 1946–1948 p. xv.
3521:
Douglas's first wife was Mildred Riddle, a teacher at
2833:, who had been convicted of selling the plans for the
2347:, participated on the debate team, and was elected as
2240:(1969). He was also known as a strong opponent of the
8528:
7176:
Supreme Court Historical Society, William O. Douglas.
7008:
The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary
4870:"Judge Posner Profiled in Columbia Journalism Review"
2629:
to take the government off the backs of the people."
2485:
6569:, Volume 33 Issue 1, pp. 17–41 (February 19, 2008),
6478:. Minnetonka MN: Olympic Marketing Corp. p. 3.
6390:
6388:
6280:. Niagara Falls Gazette. July 21, 1950. p. 12.
5150:
Murdoch, Joyce; Price, Deborah (November 15, 2018).
3796:
Douglas Hall, apartments for continuing students at
3018:
in 1971. He served on the board of directors of the
2115:
faculty. After serving as the third chairman of the
2070:
from 1939 to 1975. Douglas was known for his strong
6975:
Independent Journey: The Life of William O. Douglas
6764:
6067:
A Time to Heal: The Autobiography of Gerald R. Ford
5952:
5708:
Independent Journey: The Life of William O. Douglas
4605:
Wild Bill:The Legend and Life of William O. Douglas
4315:
William O. Douglas: 1939–1975 : Sage Knowledge
4213:"Members of the Supreme Court of the United States"
4096:"Civil liberties: The Crucial Issue" (January 1969)
1777:
Americans United for Separation of Church and State
8707:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
7010:(New York: Garland Publishing 1994). 590 pp.
6447:Notable Graves, Supreme Court – William O. Douglas
6238:
5765:
5361:, 414 U.S. 1316 (1973) (Douglas, J., in chambers).
4931:
4876:. University of Chicago Law School. Archived from
4782:
4738:
4486:
3550:In 1961, Douglas pursued Joan "Joanie" Martin, an
2950:
2123:. He was among those seriously considered for the
8503:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States
6385:
6236:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4270:"The Law: The Court's Uncompromising Libertarian"
3807:In 1977, a bust of Douglas was erected along the
3471:Douglas maintained that he could assume judicial
3278:
2704:despite having been allies with Douglas. Justice
8588:
7307:United States Securities and Exchange Commission
5633:
5631:
5226:Reflections of Justice Douglas's First Law Clerk
4732:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4724:
3957:Nature's Justice: Writings of William O. Douglas
2778:, argued that the environment should be granted
160:Member of the Securities and Exchange Commission
7103:Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review
6901:Hutchinson, Dennis J. "William O. Douglas." In
5737:
5574:Appalachian Trail Thru-Hikers' Companion (2009)
3880:as a character named Oliver Wendell Douglas, a
3736:of North Carolina, is supposedly named for him.
3170:Democratic vice presidential nomination of 1944
2886:. During the trip Douglas became friendly with
2804:, Douglas indicated that he did not believe in
2103:After an itinerant childhood, Douglas attended
8647:Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
4561:
4559:
4450:
4302:, 1959, Boston: Christopher Publishing, p. 83.
2825:On June 17, 1953, Douglas granted a temporary
2793:supporter of gay rights. Douglas dissented in
2682:". For example, Douglas wrote the decision in
2585:Douglas was often at odds with fellow justice
2513:The Years of Lyndon Johnson: The Path to Power
2152:, and was foundational to later cases such as
7513:
7290:
5992:"The Law: Douglas Finally Leaves the Bench".
5759:
5757:
5755:
5628:
4830:"Supreme Court Justices' Ages at Appointment"
4721:
4692:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4535:
2044:
5149:
4858:, (1992), pp. 90-93, Oxford University Press
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
3779:, has sponsored a series of lectures on the
3753:in Ellensburg, Washington, is named for him.
3739:The William O. Douglas Outdoor Classroom in
3059:Appalachian Long Distance Hikers Association
2419:. Douglas was hired at Cravath by attorney
2258:Maine Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota
2148:(1965)—which established the constitutional
2125:1944 Democratic vice presidential nomination
19:For other people named William Douglas, see
6995:(University of South Carolina Press, 1997)
6908:Martin, Fenton S. and Goehlert, Robert U.,
6838:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
6723:"Mountain – The Journey of Justice Douglas"
5917:. University of Chicago Press. p. 27.
5397:
5395:
5332:
5330:
4867:
4823:
4821:
4556:
2632:Douglas has been widely characterized as a
2490:In 1934, Douglas left Yale after President
2251:
2203:Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
2100:, having served for 36 years and 209 days.
67:April 17, 1939 – November 12, 1975
7520:
7506:
7297:
7283:
7171:Points of Rebellion, by William O. Douglas
7144:, ed. Stephen L. Wasby, (1990) pp 233–248.
6948:. (The University of Chicago Press, 1969)
6640:
6638:
6136:Woodward & Armstrong, pp. 480–88, 526.
5752:
4584:
4532:
4384:
4382:
4380:
3267:of Georgia, infuriated by Douglas's brief
2581:Relationships with others at Supreme Court
2051:
2037:
172:January 24, 1936 – April 15, 1939
38:
16:US Supreme Court justice from 1939 to 1975
6912:, (Congressional Quarterly Books, 1990).
5958:
5660:"The Ecologist Plea: 'Save Sunfish Pond'"
5421:
5082:
5080:
4669:
4205:
3855:Mountain - The Journey of Justice Douglas
3749:The William O. Douglas Honors College at
3367:
3348:According to Joshua E. Kastenberg of the
3219:the second ballot and none on the first.
2736:to choose the governor in the deadlocked
2553:he would be named as the chairman of the
2185:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
122:August 17, 1937 – April 15, 1939
8682:People from Otter Tail County, Minnesota
7186:Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
6237:Woodward, Bob; Armstrong, Scott (1979).
6034:"Anticipating the Incapacitated Justice"
5910:
5803:
5392:
5327:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5247:
4827:
4818:
4647:"Lyr Add: Humoresque (various versions)"
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4090:"The Attack on Privacy" (December 1967)
3821:C & O Canal National Historical Park
3695:
3681:
3605:
3512:
3411:
3163:
3032:, which was included in the widely-read
2982:found useful for maritime purposes. The
2841:. The basis for the stay was that Judge
2688:(1965) in stating that a constitutional
2539:
2531:
2327:I worked among the very, very poor, the
1812:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
8652:Industrial Workers of the World members
6635:
6202:
6200:
6061:
6059:
6025:
5959:Radcliffe, Donnie (November 17, 1987).
5834:
5522:
5013:
4929:
4898:
4854:Ball, Howard & Cooper, Phillip J.,
4388:
4377:
4311:
3250:
2732:(1967), which cleared the path for the
2315:At Whitman, Douglas became a member of
1734:Center for Budget and Policy Priorities
8637:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
8589:
7851:
7122:Oregon State University Press, 2009).
6910:The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography
6811:from the original on September 7, 2021
6779:from the original on September 7, 2021
6593:from the original on December 31, 2018
6563:Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited
6352:
6096:The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court
5763:
5339:Why Did the Cambodia Bombing Continue?
5077:
4988:
4696:
4601:
4093:" On Our Lakes and Rivers" (June 1968)
3561:. They met when he was vacationing at
3350:University of New Mexico School of Law
3263:On June 17, 1953, U.S. Representative
2615:
1986:Modern liberalism in the United States
7850:
7540:
7501:
7278:
7033:
6849:Ball, Howard, and Phillip J. Cooper.
6373:from the original on November 8, 2021
6334:from the original on December 3, 2013
6212:Goodreads.com – The History Book Club
6031:
5973:from the original on November 8, 2021
5704:
5504:from the original on October 26, 2020
5468:from the original on October 22, 2020
5244:
5228:, 93 Harv. L. Rev. 1403, 1406 (1980).
5090:, p. 455, University of Chicago Press
5074:p. 97, Simon & Schuster, New York
4962:
4899:Dworkin, Ronald (February 19, 1981).
4657:from the original on October 18, 2015
4413:
4340:from the original on October 19, 2013
3861:
3786:A statue of Douglas was installed at
2086:justice ever. Nominated by President
7197:Works by or about William O. Douglas
6946:Civil Liberties and the Vinson Court
6502:
6468:
6197:
6056:
6044:from the original on August 27, 2009
5725:from the original on January 6, 2016
5591:from the original on January 6, 2016
5543:from the original on January 6, 2016
5438:from the original on January 6, 2016
5129:""Justice Brennan:Liberal Champion""
4102:"Points of Rebellion" (October 1970)
4048:An Interview with William O. Douglas
3766:National Register of Historic Places
3715:'s highest honor, the Audubon Medal.
3677:
3188:high commissioner to the Philippines
2789:Douglas was notable as a public pre-
2728:Douglas and Black also disagreed in
2400:In August 1923, Douglas traveled to
2142:Douglas's notable opinions included
2107:on a scholarship. He graduated from
8687:Politicians from Yakima, Washington
8627:American people of Scottish descent
8622:American people of Canadian descent
6623:from the original on April 26, 2011
6396:"The Supreme Court: September Song"
6162:. michaelariens.com. Archived from
6032:Appel, Jacob M. (August 22, 2009).
5892:from the original on March 18, 2017
4836:. Southfield, MI: Buckfire Law Firm
4709:from the original on March 27, 2016
4699:"The Tragedy of William O. Douglas"
4697:Garrow, David J. (March 27, 2003).
4401:from the original on April 15, 2020
4276:. November 24, 1975. Archived from
4223:from the original on April 29, 2010
3802:University of California, San Diego
3768:, was renamed in his honor in 1978.
3758:William O. Douglas Federal Building
3258:
2990:
2359:
13:
8732:Progressivism in the United States
8727:Cravath, Swaine & Moore people
8511:
7831:
7541:
7530:Supreme Court of the United States
7225:Securities and Exchange Commission
6827:
6729:from the original on June 22, 2015
6703:from the original on June 21, 2015
6673:from the original on June 26, 2015
6503:Rich, Spencer (January 19, 1980).
6218:from the original on March 4, 2018
6069:, Harper & Row, 1979, p. 334;
5434:(1). Rotary International: 39–40.
5126:
5099:
4608:. New York: Random House. p.
4241:
4217:Supreme Court of the United States
4099:"The Public be Damned" (July 1969)
4082:Douglas was also a contributor to
3839:Douglas Trail, which leads to the
3432:Douglas had outlasted the last of
3223:ticket (Douglas had a strong anti-
2798:concurring opinion in the case of
2760:, which had struck down Georgia's
2607:, who was a law clerk for justice
2536:Douglas's Supreme Court nomination
2496:Securities and Exchange Commission
2486:Securities and Exchange Commission
2456:and were inspired to set the sign
2426:
2117:Securities and Exchange Commission
2098:longest-serving justice in history
110:Securities and Exchange Commission
14:
8748:
8662:Military personnel from Minnesota
7149:
7052:University of Illinois Law Review
6613:"Gifford Pinchot National Forest"
6583:"Previous Audubon Medal Awardees"
6287:from the original on July 9, 2021
6185:William O. Douglas Heritage Trail
5961:"Laying the Gorbachev Groundwork"
5931:from the original on June 2, 2021
4911:from the original on June 3, 2016
4868:John Giuffo (November 10, 2005).
4389:Ryerson, James (April 13, 2003).
3969:Strange Lands and Friendly People
3834:Great Falls Tavern Visitor Center
3711:In 1962, Douglas was awarded the
3108:Strange Lands and Friendly People
3094:
2820:
2555:Federal Communications Commission
8574:
8562:
8550:
8538:
7486:
6853:(Oxford University Press, 1992).
6567:Journal of Supreme Court History
6551:Supreme Court Historical Society
6359:. University of Illinois Press.
4969:The First Amendment Encyclopedia
3984:, by William O. Douglas, 1958,
3773:Gonzaga University School of Law
3591:was Douglas's great-granduncle.
3508:
2719:University of Chicago Law School
2669:internment of Japanese Americans
2527:
2366:Reserve Officers' Training Corps
2078:views and is often cited as the
2017:
2004:
1817:Southern Center for Human Rights
509:
460:Reserve Officers' Training Corps
351:
326:
301:
21:William Douglas (disambiguation)
7093:My wilderness: the Pacific West
6791:
6758:
6741:
6715:
6685:
6655:
6605:
6575:
6555:
6530:"Christensen, George A. (1983)
6522:
6505:"William O. Douglas Dies at 81"
6496:
6475:William O. Douglas: A Biography
6462:
6440:
6418:
6402:. July 29, 1966. Archived from
6346:
6316:
6299:
6267:
6230:
6178:
6152:
6149:Penguin Books, 1994. pp. 68–69.
6139:
6130:
6080:
6000:
5985:
5943:
5904:
5874:
5857:
5828:
5807:The Federal Impeachment Process
5797:
5698:
5672:
5652:
5603:
5564:
5555:
5516:
5480:
5450:
5415:
5376:
5364:
5352:
5277:
5241:Wednesday, July 1, 1953, p. 18.
5231:
5218:
5193:
5168:
5143:
5120:
5093:
5064:
5041:
5007:
4982:
4956:
4923:
4892:
4861:
4848:
4785:The United States Supreme Court
4781:Christopher L. Tomlins (2005).
4774:
4741:The United States Supreme Court
4737:Christopher L. Tomlins (2005).
4639:
4626:
4571:
4506:
4480:
4467:
4312:Cushman, Clare (May 22, 2013).
4170:
3894:
3610:Grave of William O. Douglas at
3601:Walter Reed Army Medical Center
3150:My Wilderness, East to Katahdin
3144:My Wilderness, The Pacific West
2837:to the Soviet Union during the
2436:, where he became an expert on
2129:1948 U.S. presidential election
1797:National Organization for Women
369:
347:
322:
297:
7134:32#2 (2015) pp. 165–173.
7064:258#1 (1973), pp. 11–14.
6767:"Playboy (Detailed Inventory)"
5272:Presidential Studies Quarterly
4828:Buckfire, Lawrence J. (2022).
4352:
4305:
4292:
4262:
4235:
3997:, by William O. Douglas, 1952
3434:Harry S. Truman's appointments
3279:1970 impeachment attempt fails
2877:
2651:Terminiello v. City of Chicago
2458:Passengers will please refrain
2382:Armistice of November 11, 1918
2286:President of the United States
2191:Terminiello v. City of Chicago
1762:American Civil Liberties Union
676:Separation of church and state
1:
5911:Gerhardt, Michael J. (2000).
5804:Gerhardt, Michael J. (2000).
5412:, 741–43 (USSC 1972).
5349:, 13 Green Bag 2D 321 (2010).
5020:. Random House. p. 280.
4489:"U.S. Supreme Court Justices"
4198:
3819:in Washington, D.C., and the
3751:Central Washington University
3720:William O. Douglas Wilderness
3701:The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
3687:William O. Douglas Wilderness
3400:
2444:. He was identified with the
2387:
1772:American Humanist Association
1767:American Constitution Society
8737:George Polk Award recipients
8607:20th-century American judges
7115:(U of Nebraska Press, 2022).
6967:(Vintage, 2011) pp 157–176.
5835:Lohthan, William C. (1991).
5154:. Basic Books. p. 122.
5014:Douglas, William O. (1980).
4930:Douglas, William O. (1980).
4905:The New York Review of Books
4602:Murphy, Bruce Allen (2003).
3384:
3359:agents, attempting to plant
2640:rights. With fellow justice
2411:) after failing to obtain a
2272:. The family first moved to
2256:Douglas was born in 1898 in
1905:The Problem with Jon Stewart
1729:Center for American Progress
7:
6725:. Dramatists Play Service.
6458:Arlington National Cemetery
5868:September 26, 2012, at the
5812:University of Chicago Press
5680:The Court Years: 1939–1975
5422:Frederick, John J. (1950).
4106:
4078:, May 11, 1958 (transcript)
3804:, is named for him as well.
3724:Mount Rainier National Park
3612:Arlington National Cemetery
3079:In 1967, on a hike to save
3057:, a guide published by the
2409:Cravath, Swaine & Moore
2374:Student Army Training Corps
2372:. That fall, he joined the
2368:training encampment at the
2213:Brown v. Board of Education
1802:People for the American Way
1711:Rhode Island Suffrage Party
1626:Democratic-Republican Party
464:Student Army Training Corps
263:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
8753:
8642:Columbia Law School alumni
8612:American environmentalists
7062:The North American Review,
6877:Justice William O. Douglas
6752:December 13, 2008, at the
6452:November 28, 2020, at the
6433:September 7, 2015, at the
6353:Charns, Alexander (1992).
5384:The North American Review,
5267:September 6, 2018, at the
5086:Currie, David P., (1990),
4993:. Carol Publishing Group.
4075:The Mike Wallace Interview
4063:The Mike Wallace Interview
4058:, Folkway Records FW 07350
3760:, a historic post office,
3208:of Missouri, and Douglas.
3167:
3055:The Thru-Hiker's Companion
2999:. In his autobiographical
2831:Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
2674:Korematsu v. United States
2557:. He was confirmed by the
2544:Justice William O. Douglas
2343:Douglas was inducted into
2270:Pictou County, Nova Scotia
2244:and an ardent advocate of
1782:Brennan Center For Justice
724:American Revolutionary War
18:
8509:
7859:
7846:
7829:
7549:
7536:
7484:
7313:
7263:
7254:
7246:
7241:
7231:
7221:
7213:
7208:
6765:Drew University Library.
6190:January 20, 2016, at the
5386:258#1 (1973), pp. 11–14.
5322:Mitchell v. United States
4477:, 20 January 1980, p. 28.
4439:October 18, 2015, at the
3995:Beyond the High Himalayas
3889:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
3830:C&O Canal Association
3741:Beverly Hills, California
3620:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
3114:Beyond the High Himalayas
2945:Yakima federal courthouse
2941:Goose Prairie, Washington
2851:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
2734:Georgia State Legislature
2500:Tommy "The Cork" Corcoran
2370:Presidio of San Francisco
1971:Liberal bias in the media
1636:National Democratic Party
480:
470:
455:
445:
437:
427:
419:
414:
390:
382:
278:
268:
258:
241:
235:Maine Township, Minnesota
217:
212:
208:
196:
184:
176:
165:
158:
146:
134:
126:
115:
107:
95:
83:
71:
60:
53:
49:
37:
30:
8722:Yale Sterling Professors
8667:New York (state) lawyers
6977:(Harper & Row, 1980)
6561:Christensen, George A.,
5705:Simon, James F. (1980).
5523:Blevins, Brooks (2001).
5488:"Ozark Monthly Bulletin"
5072:The Tempting of America,
4938:. Random House. p.
4487:Phi Beta Kappa Society.
4300:Imprint of the Maritimes
4163:
4158:William O. Douglas Prize
4023:, by William O. Douglas
4010:, by William O. Douglas
3971:, by William O. Douglas
3713:National Audubon Society
3594:
3583:House of Representatives
3540:Thomas Gardiner Corcoran
3523:North Yakima High School
3239:Truman selected Senator
2252:Early life and education
2225:United States v. O’Brien
2024:United States portal
1966:Liberal bias in academia
1631:Liberal Republican Party
489:This article is part of
312:Mercedes Hester Davidson
8717:Yale Law School faculty
8617:American legal scholars
7191:Federal Judicial Center
7189:, a publication of the
7181:William Orville Douglas
7132:The George Wright Forum
7047:. chapter 4 on Douglas.
6937:The Oregon Encyclopedia
6310:March 23, 2012, at the
5371:Schlesinger v. Holtzman
5359:Holtzman v. Schlesinger
5345:March 12, 2016, at the
5311:Holmes v. United States
5284:Holtzman v. Schlesinger
5048:Griswold v. Connecticut
4989:Seides, George (1993).
3051:Corps of Army Engineers
2995:Douglas was a lifelong
2939:lawyers at his home in
2916:Schlesinger v. Holtzman
2782:, tried to declare the
2685:Griswold v. Connecticut
2657:Dennis v. United States
2472:Robert Maynard Hutchins
2413:Supreme Court clerkship
2310:Walla Walla, Washington
2219:Dennis v. United States
2145:Griswold v. Connecticut
2111:in 1925 and joined the
2064:William Orville Douglas
1977:The Liberal Imagination
1689:Rockefeller Republicans
222:William Orville Douglas
8712:Whitman College alumni
8632:American Presbyterians
8516:
7836:
7111:McKeown, M. Margaret.
7025:Wasby, Stephen L. ed.
6944:Pritchett, C. Herman,
6324:"The marrying Justice"
5764:Kalman, Laura (1990).
5320:, 389 U. S. 934, 935;
5297:Massachusetts v. Laird
5070:Bork, Robert, (1990),
4566:Current Biography 1941
4521:June 11, 2016, at the
4462:Current Biography 1941
4054:June 22, 2011, at the
3788:A.C. Davis High School
3707:
3693:
3615:
3589:Daniel Pierce Thompson
3518:
3462:
3420:
3368:Judicial record-setter
3186:, former governor and
3132:Exploring the Himalaya
3034:Book-of-the-Month Club
3016:National Historic Park
2988:
2972:
2968:Mineral King v. Morton
2815:
2609:William J. Brennan Jr.
2545:
2537:
2446:legal realist movement
2349:student body president
2341:
1668:historically, factions
784:Young America movement
754:Jeffersonian democracy
596:Economic progressivism
8697:Sierra Club directors
8515:
7835:
7683:Edward Douglass White
6923:Murphy, Bruce Allen.
6649:May 11, 2008, at the
6571:University of Alabama
5774:Yale University Press
5643:National Park Service
5404:Sierra Club v. Morton
5306:Hart v. United States
5102:"Martin-Quinn Scores"
4364:National Park Service
4324:10.4135/9781452235356
4244:"Martin-Quinn Scores"
3867:The 1960s television
3851:, is named after him.
3734:Appalachian Mountains
3699:
3685:
3609:
3516:
3457:
3415:
3321:I Am Curious (Yellow)
3204:of Kentucky, Senator
3164:Presidential politics
2976:
2963:
2958:Sierra Club v. Morton
2951:"Trees have standing"
2847:Espionage Act of 1917
2810:
2567:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
2543:
2535:
2494:nominated him to the
2476:University of Chicago
2438:commercial litigation
2395:correspondence course
2325:
2278:Cleveland, Washington
2088:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2011:Liberalism portal
1846:The American Prospect
1827:National Urban League
1694:Roosevelt Republicans
1616:Anti-Federalist Party
729:Civil rights movement
438:Years of service
191:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
180:Franklin D. Roosevelt
130:Franklin D. Roosevelt
78:Franklin D. Roosevelt
8692:Sierra Club awardees
7715:Charles Evans Hughes
7091:Douglas, William O.
7081:Douglas, William O.
7072:Of men and mountains
7070:Douglas, William O.
7006:Urofsky, Melvin I.,
6991:Urofsky, Melvin I.,
6980:Urofsky, Melvin I.,
6927:(Random House, 2003)
6540:on September 3, 2005
6275:"William O. Douglas"
6247:Simon & Schuster
6166:on February 27, 2015
5996:. November 24, 1975.
5744:"Impeachment Move".
5678:William O. Douglas,
5495:Barefoottraveler.com
5410:405 U.S. 727
5302:McArthur v. Clifford
4991:The Great Quotations
4963:Robertson, Stephen.
4901:"Dissent on Douglas"
4874:www.law.uchicago.edu
4529:(February 14, 2003).
4447:(February 24, 2003).
4070:May 11, 1958 (video)
3726:in Washington State.
3251:Impeachment attempts
3243:and the two won the
3233:Dwight D. Eisenhower
3001:Of Men and Mountains
2662:U.S. Communist Party
2559:United States Senate
2173:Obergefell v. Hodges
1699:Moderate Republicans
1435:Roosevelt (Theodore)
1430:Roosevelt (Franklin)
749:Jacksonian democracy
656:Legal egalitarianism
621:Freedom of the press
502:in the United States
350: 1963;
325: 1954;
300: 1923;
108:3rd Chairman of the
44:Douglas in the 1930s
7699:William Howard Taft
7039:Brinkley, Douglas.
6963:Schwarz, Jordan A.
6932:"William O Douglas"
6834:Abraham, Henry J.,
6589:. January 9, 2015.
5966:The Washington Post
5239:The New York Times,
5108:on November 8, 2021
4880:on October 26, 2023
4432:Richard A. Posner,
4391:"Dirty Rotten Hero"
4250:on November 8, 2021
4021:Points of Rebellion
3901:Library of Congress
3832:, now hangs in the
3798:Earl Warren College
3777:Spokane, Washington
3743:, is named for him.
3671:Library of Congress
3379:dissenting opinions
3305:G. Harrold Carswell
3101:National Geographic
3068:, the owner of the
3006:The Washington Post
2925:in-chambers opinion
2616:Judicial philosophy
2291:His father died in
2237:Brandenburg v. Ohio
2179:Skinner v. Oklahoma
2155:Eisenstadt v. Baird
2109:Columbia Law School
1947:The Washington Post
1933:Talking Points Memo
1787:Equal Justice Works
1751:Other organizations
1739:Roosevelt Institute
1684:Radical Republicans
1425:Roosevelt (Eleanor)
759:Liberal Republicans
626:Freedom of religion
616:Fiscal conservatism
404:Columbia University
8517:
7853:Associate justices
7837:
7209:Political offices
7105:(1976), 5:209-212
6669:. March 20, 2014.
6470:Hoyt, Edwin Palmer
6427:This American Life
6406:on October 7, 2008
6145:Damasio, Antonio.
5886:Dissidentvoice.org
5665:The New York Times
5337:Eugene R. Fidell,
5304:, 393 U. S. 1002;
5274:26 (4). : 1019–33.
5176:"Boutilier v. INS"
5131:. The New Republic
5100:Martin, Andrew D.
4856:Of Power and Right
4475:The New York Times
4395:The New York Times
4242:Martin, Andrew D.
4191:(38) were younger.
4185:Bushrod Washington
4036:(sound recording)
3909:Go East, Young Man
3862:In popular culture
3708:
3694:
3691:Yakima, Washington
3640:William J. Brennan
3616:
3559:Marylhurst College
3519:
3421:
3417:1973 Supreme Court
3301:Clement Haynsworth
3265:William M. Wheeler
3216:Robert E. Hannegan
3213:Committee chairman
3200:of Texas, Senator
2929:Elizabeth Holtzman
2806:judicial restraint
2762:County Unit System
2591:judicial restraint
2589:, who believed in
2546:
2538:
2492:Franklin Roosevelt
2480:Sterling Professor
2454:New Haven Railroad
2306:Yakima High School
2298:Yakima, Washington
2080:U.S. Supreme Court
1898:The New York Times
769:New Deal coalition
701:Unalienable rights
432:United States Army
362:Cathleen Heffernan
32:William O. Douglas
8526:
8525:
8522:
8521:
7842:
7841:
7795:William Rehnquist
7495:
7494:
7273:
7272:
7267:John Paul Stevens
7264:Succeeded by
7232:Succeeded by
7118:Sowards, Adam M.
7020:978-0-8153-1176-8
6954:978-0-226-68443-7
6896:978-0-7910-1377-9
6870:978-1-56802-126-3
6485:978-0-8397-8598-9
6125:978-0-7432-7402-9
6113:978-0-671-24110-0
6105:978-0-380-52183-8
6065:Ford, Gerald R.,
5850:978-0-13-933623-2
5783:978-0-300-04669-4
5584:978-1-889386-60-7
5314:, 391 U. S. 936;
5308:, 391 U. S. 956;
5300:, 400 U. S. 886;
5294:, 405 U. S. 979;
5288:Sarnoff v. Shultz
4965:"William Douglas"
4804:978-0-618-32969-4
4760:978-0-618-32969-4
4632:Kai Bird (1992).
4577:Swain, Robert T.
4551:On Further Review
4008:North From Malaya
3982:West of the Indus
3885:white-shoe lawyer
3841:Appalachian Trail
3678:Legacy and honors
3662:editorial writer
3644:Thurgood Marshall
3628:William Rehnquist
3552:Allegheny College
3485:John Paul Stevens
3269:stay of execution
3138:West of the Indus
3120:North From Malaya
3085:Appalachian Trail
2921:Thurgood Marshall
2827:stay of execution
2775:Furman v. Georgia
2766:electoral college
2730:Fortson v. Morris
2721:called Douglas's
2680:the Establishment
2634:civil libertarian
2605:Richard A. Posner
2587:Felix Frankfurter
2550:Louis D. Brandeis
2548:In 1939, Justice
2522:Marshall Ford Dam
2402:La Grande, Oregon
2197:Brady v. Maryland
2167:Lawrence v. Texas
2133:John Paul Stevens
2076:civil libertarian
2061:
2060:
1658:Progressive Party
1652:Progressive Party
1646:Progressive Party
1140:Clinton (Hillary)
631:Freedom of speech
606:Equal opportunity
484:
483:
466:, Whitman College
102:John Paul Stevens
8744:
8672:Oregon Democrats
8579:
8578:
8567:
8566:
8555:
8554:
8553:
8543:
8542:
8541:
8534:
8505:
8405:
8259:
8197:
8153:
7869:
7848:
7847:
7779:Warren E. Burger
7587:Oliver Ellsworth
7538:
7537:
7528:Justices of the
7522:
7515:
7508:
7499:
7498:
7490:
7489:
7305:Chairmen of the
7299:
7292:
7285:
7276:
7275:
7247:Preceded by
7214:Preceded by
7206:
7205:
7201:Internet Archive
7034:Environmentalism
6986:Duke Law Journal
6973:Simon, James F.
6941:
6882:Frank, John P.,
6875:Duram, James C.
6856:Cushman, Clare,
6821:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6810:
6803:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6784:
6778:
6771:
6762:
6756:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6719:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6667:Georgetowner.com
6659:
6653:
6642:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6579:
6573:
6559:
6553:
6549:
6547:
6545:
6536:. Archived from
6526:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6466:
6460:
6444:
6438:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6392:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6328:Newspapers.nl.sg
6320:
6314:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6286:
6279:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6244:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6204:
6195:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6156:
6150:
6143:
6137:
6134:
6128:
6091:Armstrong, Scott
6087:Woodward, Robert
6084:
6078:
6063:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5989:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5956:
5950:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5878:
5872:
5861:
5855:
5854:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5771:
5761:
5750:
5749:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5702:
5696:
5692:
5683:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5635:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5615:sernecportal.org
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5503:
5492:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5419:
5413:
5407:
5399:
5390:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5334:
5325:
5324:, 386 U. S. 972.
5317:Mora v. McNamara
5292:DaCosta v. Laird
5290:, 409 U.S. 929;
5281:
5275:
5259:
5242:
5235:
5229:
5222:
5216:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5152:Courting Justice
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5127:Driver, Justin.
5124:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5104:. Archived from
5097:
5091:
5084:
5075:
5068:
5062:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4937:
4927:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4865:
4859:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4825:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4791:Houghton Mifflin
4788:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4747:Houghton Mifflin
4744:
4734:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4694:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4643:
4637:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4599:
4582:
4575:
4569:
4563:
4554:
4547:
4530:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4484:
4478:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4448:
4445:The New Republic
4430:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4386:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4309:
4303:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4246:. Archived from
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4209:
4192:
4174:
3722:, which adjoins
3624:Warren E. Burger
3563:Mount St. Helens
3495:Gregg v. Georgia
3337:Evergreen Review
3328:in the magazine
3313:John N. Mitchell
3241:Alben W. Barkley
3202:Alben W. Barkley
3176:Henry A. Wallace
3070:Mount St. Helens
2991:Environmentalism
2984:corporation sole
2861:Herbert Brownell
2858:Attorney General
2795:Boutilier v. INS
2780:legal personhood
2770:Andrew D. Martin
2690:right to privacy
2452:were riding the
2376:at Whitman as a
2360:Military service
2329:migrant laborers
2293:Portland, Oregon
2246:environmentalism
2150:right to privacy
2053:
2046:
2039:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2008:
1982:
1891:The New Republic
1664:Republican Party
1621:Democratic Party
1285:Kennedy (Robert)
1280:Kennedy (Joseph)
1230:Jackson (Andrew)
681:Social democracy
651:Internationalism
611:Environmentalism
591:Economic freedom
513:
503:
486:
485:
415:Military service
373:
371:
355:
353:
349:
330:
328:
324:
305:
303:
299:
252:Washington, D.C.
248:
245:January 19, 1980
232:October 16, 1898
231:
229:
213:Personal details
199:
187:
170:
149:
137:
120:
98:
86:
74:
65:
42:
28:
27:
8752:
8751:
8747:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8573:
8561:
8551:
8549:
8539:
8537:
8529:
8527:
8518:
8507:
8506:
8500:
8498:
8400:
8341:J. M. Harlan II
8254:
8192:
8148:
7864:
7855:
7838:
7827:
7826:
7731:Harlan F. Stone
7667:Melville Fuller
7635:Salmon P. Chase
7545:
7532:
7526:
7496:
7491:
7487:
7482:
7309:
7303:
7269:
7260:
7252:
7237:
7228:
7219:
7152:
7147:
7036:
6988:(1988): 71–113.
6930:
6830:
6828:Further reading
6825:
6824:
6814:
6812:
6808:
6801:
6797:
6796:
6792:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6769:
6763:
6759:
6754:Wayback Machine
6746:
6742:
6732:
6730:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6706:
6704:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6674:
6661:
6660:
6656:
6651:Wayback Machine
6643:
6636:
6626:
6624:
6611:
6610:
6606:
6596:
6594:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6560:
6556:
6543:
6541:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6513:
6511:
6509:Washington Post
6501:
6497:
6486:
6467:
6463:
6454:Wayback Machine
6445:
6441:
6435:Wayback Machine
6423:
6419:
6409:
6407:
6394:
6393:
6386:
6376:
6374:
6367:
6351:
6347:
6337:
6335:
6322:
6321:
6317:
6312:Wayback Machine
6304:
6300:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6268:
6261:
6235:
6231:
6221:
6219:
6206:
6205:
6198:
6192:Wayback Machine
6183:
6179:
6169:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6144:
6140:
6135:
6131:
6085:
6081:
6064:
6057:
6047:
6045:
6038:Huffington Post
6030:
6026:
6016:
6014:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5976:
5974:
5957:
5953:
5948:
5944:
5934:
5932:
5925:
5909:
5905:
5895:
5893:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5870:Wayback Machine
5862:
5858:
5851:
5833:
5829:
5822:
5802:
5798:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5762:
5753:
5743:
5742:
5738:
5728:
5726:
5719:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5686:
5677:
5673:
5668:. May 14, 1972.
5658:
5657:
5653:
5639:"Douglas Trail"
5637:
5636:
5629:
5619:
5617:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5585:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5546:
5544:
5537:
5521:
5517:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5471:
5469:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5441:
5439:
5420:
5416:
5401:
5400:
5393:
5381:
5377:
5369:
5365:
5357:
5353:
5347:Wayback Machine
5335:
5328:
5282:
5278:
5269:Wayback Machine
5260:
5245:
5236:
5232:
5223:
5219:
5198:
5194:
5184:
5182:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5125:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5098:
5094:
5085:
5078:
5069:
5065:
5046:
5042:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4987:
4983:
4973:
4971:
4961:
4957:
4950:
4934:The Court Years
4928:
4924:
4914:
4912:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4866:
4862:
4853:
4849:
4839:
4837:
4826:
4819:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4779:
4775:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4735:
4722:
4712:
4710:
4695:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4631:
4627:
4620:
4600:
4585:
4576:
4572:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4533:
4527:Washington Post
4523:Wayback Machine
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4485:
4481:
4472:
4468:
4460:
4451:
4441:Wayback Machine
4434:"The Anti-Hero"
4431:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4387:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4343:
4341:
4334:
4310:
4306:
4297:
4293:
4283:
4281:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4253:
4251:
4240:
4236:
4226:
4224:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4181:William Johnson
4175:
4171:
4166:
4109:
4056:Wayback Machine
3897:
3864:
3813:C & O Canal
3781:First Amendment
3680:
3660:Washington Post
3597:
3511:
3481:Scott Armstrong
3403:
3387:
3370:
3281:
3261:
3253:
3206:Harry S. Truman
3180:James F. Byrnes
3172:
3166:
3158:The Court Years
3156:In his memoir,
3126:Russian Journey
3097:
3076:in Washington.
3066:Harry R. Truman
3038:Red River Gorge
2993:
2953:
2927:declining Rep.
2919:(1973) Justice
2900:Martin Agronsky
2896:John F. Kennedy
2880:
2823:
2757:Gray v. Sanders
2752:Howard Callaway
2715:David P. Currie
2706:Clarence Thomas
2646:First Amendment
2638:First Amendment
2618:
2583:
2563:Lynn J. Frazier
2530:
2488:
2434:Yale Law School
2429:
2427:Yale Law School
2417:Harlan F. Stone
2390:
2362:
2254:
2113:Yale Law School
2105:Whitman College
2057:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1980:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1235:Jackson (Jesse)
1065:
1057:
1056:
797:
789:
788:
774:Progressive Era
719:
711:
710:
686:Social equality
576:
568:
567:
521:
501:
499:
462:
402:
395:Whitman College
378:
375:
372: 1966)
367:
363:
357:
354: 1966)
345:
341:
338:
332:
329: 1963)
320:
316:
313:
307:
304: 1953)
295:
291:
288:
269:Political party
250:
246:
233:
227:
225:
224:
223:
197:
185:
171:
166:
147:
141:James M. Landis
135:
121:
116:
96:
84:
72:
66:
61:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8750:
8740:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8677:Oregon lawyers
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8584:
8583:
8571:
8559:
8547:
8524:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8510:
8508:
8499:
8497:
8496:
8495:(2022–present)
8490:
8489:(2020–present)
8484:
8483:(2018–present)
8478:
8477:(2017–present)
8472:
8471:(2010–present)
8466:
8465:(2009–present)
8460:
8459:(2006–present)
8454:
8448:
8442:
8441:(1991–present)
8436:
8430:
8424:
8418:
8412:
8406:
8398:
8392:
8386:
8380:
8374:
8368:
8362:
8356:
8350:
8344:
8338:
8332:
8326:
8320:
8314:
8308:
8302:
8296:
8290:
8284:
8278:
8272:
8266:
8260:
8252:
8246:
8240:
8234:
8228:
8222:
8216:
8210:
8204:
8198:
8190:
8184:
8178:
8172:
8166:
8160:
8154:
8146:
8140:
8134:
8128:
8122:
8116:
8110:
8104:
8098:
8092:
8086:
8080:
8074:
8068:
8062:
8056:
8050:
8044:
8038:
8032:
8026:
8020:
8014:
8008:
8002:
7996:
7990:
7984:
7978:
7972:
7966:
7960:
7954:
7948:
7942:
7936:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7912:
7906:
7900:
7894:
7888:
7882:
7876:
7870:
7861:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7844:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7824:
7808:
7792:
7776:
7760:
7747:Fred M. Vinson
7744:
7728:
7712:
7696:
7680:
7664:
7651:Morrison Waite
7648:
7632:
7619:Roger B. Taney
7616:
7600:
7584:
7568:
7551:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7543:Chief justices
7534:
7533:
7525:
7524:
7517:
7510:
7502:
7493:
7492:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7314:
7311:
7310:
7302:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7279:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7262:
7253:
7250:Louis Brandeis
7248:
7244:
7243:
7242:Legal offices
7239:
7238:
7233:
7230:
7220:
7215:
7211:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7194:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7151:
7150:External links
7148:
7146:
7145:
7138:
7128:
7127:
7126:
7116:
7109:
7099:
7089:
7079:
7068:
7058:
7054:(1986): 645+.
7048:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7023:
7004:
6989:
6978:
6971:
6961:
6942:
6928:
6921:
6906:
6899:
6880:
6873:
6854:
6847:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6823:
6822:
6790:
6757:
6740:
6714:
6684:
6654:
6634:
6604:
6574:
6554:
6521:
6495:
6484:
6461:
6439:
6417:
6384:
6366:978-0252018718
6365:
6345:
6315:
6298:
6266:
6259:
6229:
6196:
6177:
6151:
6138:
6129:
6079:
6055:
6024:
5999:
5984:
5951:
5942:
5924:978-0226289571
5923:
5903:
5873:
5856:
5849:
5827:
5820:
5796:
5782:
5751:
5736:
5717:
5697:
5684:
5671:
5651:
5627:
5602:
5583:
5563:
5554:
5535:
5515:
5479:
5449:
5414:
5391:
5375:
5363:
5351:
5326:
5276:
5243:
5230:
5217:
5201:Flast v. Cohen
5192:
5167:
5160:
5142:
5119:
5092:
5076:
5063:
5040:
5026:
5006:
4999:
4981:
4955:
4948:
4922:
4891:
4860:
4847:
4817:
4803:
4773:
4759:
4720:
4668:
4638:
4625:
4618:
4583:
4570:
4555:
4549:Charles Lane,
4531:
4512:Charles Lane,
4505:
4479:
4466:
4449:
4412:
4376:
4351:
4332:
4304:
4291:
4280:on May 5, 2011
4261:
4234:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4059:
4044:
4031:
4018:
4005:
3992:
3979:
3966:
3954:
3942:
3932:
3920:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3852:
3837:
3805:
3794:
3791:
3784:
3769:
3754:
3747:
3744:
3737:
3727:
3716:
3679:
3676:
3648:Harry Blackmun
3636:Potter Stewart
3596:
3593:
3571:age difference
3510:
3507:
3402:
3399:
3386:
3383:
3369:
3366:
3309:Emanuel Celler
3289:Flamingo Hotel
3280:
3277:
3273:Rosenberg case
3260:
3259:Rosenberg case
3257:
3252:
3249:
3184:Sherman Minton
3165:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3096:
3095:Travel writing
3093:
2992:
2989:
2974:He continued:
2952:
2949:
2892:Mike Mansfield
2879:
2876:
2868:Fred M. Vinson
2843:Irving Kaufman
2822:
2821:Rosenberg case
2819:
2801:Flast v. Cohen
2694:Bill of Rights
2626:Ronald Dworkin
2617:
2614:
2582:
2579:
2529:
2526:
2508:Lyndon Johnson
2487:
2484:
2462:AntonĂn Dvořák
2450:Thurman Arnold
2442:bankruptcy law
2428:
2425:
2421:John J. McCloy
2389:
2386:
2361:
2358:
2345:Phi Beta Kappa
2321:cherry orchard
2268:minister from
2253:
2250:
2121:Louis Brandeis
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2013:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Black-and-tans
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1641:People's Party
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1300:King (Coretta)
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Kennedy (John)
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1150:Cuomo (Andrew)
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:Clinton (Bill)
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
892:King (Coretta)
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
709:
708:
703:
698:
696:Social welfare
693:
691:Social justice
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
641:Harm Principle
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
601:Egalitarianism
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
538:
533:
528:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
506:
505:
495:
494:
482:
481:
478:
477:
472:
468:
467:
457:
453:
452:
447:
443:
442:
439:
435:
434:
429:
428:Branch/service
425:
424:
421:
417:
416:
412:
411:
392:
388:
387:
384:
380:
379:
377:
376:
365:
361:
360:
358:
343:
339:
336:
335:
333:
318:
314:
311:
310:
308:
293:
289:
287:Mildred Riddle
286:
285:
282:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
255:
249:(aged 81)
243:
239:
238:
221:
219:
215:
214:
210:
209:
206:
205:
203:Leon Henderson
200:
194:
193:
188:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
163:
162:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
113:
112:
105:
104:
99:
93:
92:
90:Louis Brandeis
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
58:
57:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8749:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8592:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8558:
8557:United States
8548:
8546:
8536:
8535:
8532:
8514:
8504:
8494:
8491:
8488:
8485:
8482:
8479:
8476:
8473:
8470:
8467:
8464:
8461:
8458:
8455:
8452:
8449:
8446:
8443:
8440:
8437:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8413:
8410:
8407:
8404:* (1972–1986)
8403:
8399:
8396:
8393:
8390:
8387:
8384:
8381:
8378:
8375:
8372:
8369:
8366:
8363:
8360:
8357:
8354:
8351:
8348:
8345:
8342:
8339:
8336:
8333:
8330:
8327:
8324:
8321:
8318:
8315:
8312:
8309:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8294:
8291:
8288:
8285:
8282:
8279:
8276:
8273:
8270:
8267:
8264:
8261:
8258:* (1925–1941)
8257:
8253:
8250:
8247:
8244:
8241:
8238:
8235:
8232:
8229:
8226:
8223:
8220:
8217:
8214:
8211:
8208:
8205:
8202:
8199:
8196:* (1910–1916)
8195:
8191:
8188:
8185:
8182:
8179:
8176:
8173:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8152:* (1894–1910)
8151:
8147:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8132:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8096:
8093:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8060:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8045:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7985:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7961:
7958:
7955:
7952:
7949:
7946:
7943:
7940:
7937:
7934:
7931:
7928:
7925:
7922:
7919:
7916:
7913:
7910:
7907:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7895:
7892:
7889:
7886:
7883:
7880:
7877:
7874:
7871:
7868:* (1790–1791)
7867:
7863:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7849:
7845:
7834:
7822:
7821:
7816:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7800:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7789:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7768:
7764:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7748:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7736:
7732:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7720:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7709:
7704:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7672:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7656:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7608:
7604:
7603:John Marshall
7601:
7598:
7597:
7592:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7572:
7571:John Rutledge
7569:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7523:
7518:
7516:
7511:
7509:
7504:
7503:
7500:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7308:
7300:
7295:
7293:
7288:
7286:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7268:
7259:
7258:
7251:
7245:
7240:
7236:
7227:
7226:
7223:Chair of the
7218:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7143:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7129:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7117:
7114:
7110:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7037:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7017:
7016:0-8153-1176-1
7013:
7009:
7005:
7002:
7001:1-57003-120-7
6998:
6994:
6990:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6976:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6959:
6958:0-226-68443-1
6955:
6951:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6938:
6933:
6929:
6926:
6922:
6919:
6918:0-87187-554-3
6915:
6911:
6907:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6893:
6892:0-7910-1377-4
6889:
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657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:Individualism
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
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602:
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594:
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584:
582:
579:
578:
572:
571:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
543:
542:Laissez-faire
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
517:
516:
512:
508:
507:
504:
497:
496:
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479:
476:
473:
469:
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461:
458:
454:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
430:
426:
423:United States
422:
418:
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409:
405:
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396:
393:
389:
385:
381:
359:
334:
309:
284:
283:
281:
277:
274:
271:
267:
264:
261:
259:Resting place
257:
253:
244:
240:
236:
220:
216:
211:
207:
204:
201:
195:
192:
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94:
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88:
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79:
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70:
64:
59:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
8502:
8292:
8201:Van Devanter
8089:J. M. Harlan
7818:
7815:2005–present
7811:John Roberts
7802:
7786:
7770:
7754:
7738:
7722:
7706:
7690:
7674:
7658:
7642:
7626:
7610:
7594:
7578:
7562:
7327:
7255:
7235:Jerome Frank
7222:
7217:James Landis
7184:
7141:
7131:
7119:
7112:
7102:
7092:
7082:
7071:
7061:
7051:
7040:
7026:
7007:
6992:
6981:
6974:
6964:
6945:
6935:
6924:
6909:
6902:
6883:
6876:
6857:
6850:
6835:
6815:September 7,
6813:. Retrieved
6793:
6783:September 7,
6781:. Retrieved
6760:
6743:
6731:. Retrieved
6717:
6705:. Retrieved
6696:
6687:
6675:. Retrieved
6666:
6657:
6625:. Retrieved
6616:
6607:
6595:. Retrieved
6586:
6577:
6566:
6562:
6557:
6544:November 24,
6542:. Retrieved
6538:the original
6531:
6524:
6512:. Retrieved
6508:
6498:
6490:Google Books
6488:– via
6474:
6464:
6442:
6426:
6420:
6408:. Retrieved
6404:the original
6399:
6375:. Retrieved
6355:
6348:
6336:. Retrieved
6327:
6318:
6301:
6289:. Retrieved
6269:
6241:The Brethren
6240:
6232:
6220:. Retrieved
6211:
6180:
6168:. Retrieved
6164:the original
6154:
6146:
6141:
6132:
6094:
6082:
6066:
6046:. Retrieved
6037:
6027:
6015:. Retrieved
6011:
6002:
5993:
5987:
5975:. Retrieved
5964:
5954:
5945:
5933:. Retrieved
5913:
5906:
5894:. Retrieved
5885:
5876:
5859:
5836:
5830:
5806:
5799:
5787:. Retrieved
5767:
5745:
5739:
5729:November 20,
5727:. Retrieved
5707:
5700:
5679:
5674:
5663:
5654:
5646:
5620:November 25,
5618:. Retrieved
5614:
5605:
5595:November 20,
5593:. Retrieved
5573:
5566:
5557:
5547:November 20,
5545:. Retrieved
5525:
5518:
5506:. Retrieved
5494:
5482:
5470:. Retrieved
5461:
5452:
5440:. Retrieved
5431:
5428:The Rotarian
5427:
5417:
5402:
5383:
5378:
5370:
5366:
5358:
5354:
5338:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5271:
5238:
5233:
5225:
5220:
5199:
5195:
5183:. Retrieved
5179:
5170:
5151:
5145:
5133:. Retrieved
5122:
5112:December 16,
5110:. Retrieved
5106:the original
5095:
5087:
5071:
5066:
5047:
5043:
5031:. Retrieved
5016:
5009:
4990:
4984:
4974:December 24,
4972:. Retrieved
4968:
4958:
4933:
4925:
4913:. Retrieved
4904:
4894:
4882:. Retrieved
4878:the original
4873:
4863:
4855:
4850:
4838:. Retrieved
4833:
4808:. Retrieved
4784:
4776:
4764:. Retrieved
4740:
4711:. Retrieved
4702:
4659:. Retrieved
4650:
4641:
4633:
4628:
4604:
4578:
4573:
4565:
4550:
4526:
4514:
4508:
4496:. Retrieved
4492:
4482:
4474:
4469:
4461:
4444:
4403:. Retrieved
4394:
4367:. Retrieved
4354:
4342:. Retrieved
4314:
4307:
4299:
4294:
4282:. Retrieved
4278:the original
4273:
4264:
4254:December 16,
4252:. Retrieved
4248:the original
4237:
4225:. Retrieved
4207:
4177:Joseph Story
4172:
4083:
4081:
4074:
4068:Mike Wallace
4062:
4047:
4033:
4020:
4007:
3994:
3981:
3968:
3956:
3944:
3922:
3907:
3898:
3895:Bibliography
3878:Eddie Albert
3871:
3854:
3845:Sunfish Pond
3668:
3664:Charles Lane
3659:
3656:Bruce Murphy
3617:
3598:
3587:
3575:
3556:
3549:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3520:
3500:
3493:
3477:Bob Woodward
3470:
3466:state dinner
3463:
3458:
3450:
3422:
3404:
3388:
3371:
3354:
3347:
3335:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3297:
3286:
3282:
3262:
3254:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3210:
3193:of Indiana,
3173:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3100:
3098:
3081:Sunfish Pond
3078:
3063:
3054:
3043:
3027:
3011:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2956:
2954:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2881:
2855:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2799:
2788:
2773:
2764:, a kind of
2755:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2701:
2683:
2672:
2666:
2655:
2649:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2602:
2594:
2584:
2547:
2511:
2489:
2465:
2430:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2363:
2342:
2326:
2314:
2290:
2276:and then to
2266:Presbyterian
2255:
2235:
2234:(1968), and
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2208:civil rights
2201:
2200:(1963), and
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2102:
2091:
2063:
2062:
1975:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1872:Mother Jones
1870:
1863:
1853:The Atlantic
1851:
1844:
1667:
1537:
581:Civil rights
540:
531:Conservative
471:Battles/wars
247:(1980-01-19)
198:Succeeded by
167:
153:Jerome Frank
148:Succeeded by
117:
97:Succeeded by
73:Nominated by
62:
25:
8602:1980 deaths
8597:1898 births
8581:Environment
8453:(1994–2022)
8447:(1993–2020)
8435:(1990–2009)
8429:(1988–2018)
8423:(1986–2016)
8417:(1981–2006)
8411:(1975–2010)
8397:(1972–1987)
8391:(1970–1994)
8385:(1967–1991)
8383:T. Marshall
8379:(1965–1969)
8373:(1962–1965)
8367:(1962–1993)
8361:(1958–1981)
8355:(1957–1962)
8349:(1956–1990)
8343:(1955–1971)
8337:(1949–1956)
8331:(1949–1967)
8325:(1945–1958)
8319:(1943–1949)
8317:W. Rutledge
8313:(1941–1954)
8307:(1941–1942)
8301:(1940–1949)
8295:(1939–1975)
8289:(1939–1962)
8287:Frankfurter
8283:(1938–1957)
8277:(1937–1971)
8271:(1932–1938)
8265:(1930–1945)
8251:(1923–1930)
8245:(1923–1939)
8239:(1922–1938)
8233:(1916–1922)
8227:(1916–1939)
8221:(1914–1941)
8215:(1912–1922)
8209:(1911–1916)
8203:(1911–1937)
8189:(1910–1914)
8183:(1906–1910)
8177:(1903–1922)
8171:(1902–1932)
8165:(1898–1925)
8159:(1896–1909)
8145:(1893–1895)
8139:(1892–1903)
8133:(1891–1906)
8127:(1890–1910)
8121:(1888–1893)
8115:(1882–1893)
8109:(1882–1902)
8103:(1881–1889)
8097:(1881–1887)
8091:(1877–1911)
8085:(1873–1882)
8079:(1870–1892)
8073:(1870–1880)
8067:(1863–1897)
8061:(1862–1877)
8055:(1862–1890)
8049:(1862–1881)
8043:(1858–1881)
8037:(1853–1861)
8031:(1851–1857)
8025:(1846–1870)
8019:(1845–1851)
8013:(1845–1872)
8007:(1842–1860)
8001:(1838–1852)
7995:(1837–1865)
7989:(1836–1841)
7983:(1835–1867)
7977:(1830–1844)
7971:(1829–1861)
7965:(1826–1828)
7959:(1823–1843)
7953:(1812–1845)
7947:(1811–1835)
7941:(1807–1826)
7935:(1807–1823)
7929:(1804–1834)
7923:(1800–1804)
7917:(1798–1829)
7911:(1796–1811)
7905:(1793–1806)
7899:(1792–1793)
7893:(1790–1799)
7887:(1790–1795)
7881:(1789–1798)
7875:(1790–1810)
7866:J. Rutledge
7763:Earl Warren
6534:, Yearbook"
5789:October 20,
5215: (1968)
5061: (1965)
4810:October 21,
4766:October 21,
4749:. pp.
4493:www.pbk.org
3873:Green Acres
3652:World War I
3567:Spirit Lake
3503:anosognosia
3453:Gerald Ford
3429:Byron White
3331:Avant Garde
3293:Gerald Ford
3225:segregation
3198:Sam Rayburn
3191:Paul McNutt
3074:Spirit Lake
3020:Sierra Club
2997:mountaineer
2884:Ho Chi Minh
2878:Vietnam War
2872:impeachment
2835:atomic bomb
2784:Vietnam War
2710:Robert Bork
2518:Robert Caro
2432:faculty of
2242:Vietnam War
2161:Roe v. Wade
2072:progressive
1723:Think tanks
1679:Half-Breeds
1420:Rockefeller
1310:La Follette
1064:Politicians
962:Schlesinger
671:Rule of law
636:Free market
586:Due process
553:Progressive
475:World War I
337:Joan Martin
186:Preceded by
136:Preceded by
85:Preceded by
8591:Categories
8493:K. Jackson
8311:R. Jackson
8263:O. Roberts
8237:Sutherland
8219:McReynolds
8143:H. Jackson
8113:Blatchford
7933:Livingston
7927:W. Johnson
7915:Washington
7897:T. Johnson
7261:1939–1975
7229:1937–1939
7078:, a memoir
6291:January 6,
6249:. p.
6048:August 23,
5768:Abe Fortas
5224:Ginsburg,
5033:October 5,
4793:. p.
4703:The Nation
4651:Mudcat.org
4619:0394576284
4199:References
4187:(36), and
4086:magazine:
4042:B000S592XI
4016:B000UCP8IW
4003:112112979X
3990:B0007DMD1O
3849:New Jersey
3817:Georgetown
3762:courthouse
3632:Hugo Black
3407:Abe Fortas
3401:Retirement
3342:Wayne Hays
3326:folk music
3168:See also:
3089:New Jersey
2923:issued an
2902:'s house.
2749:Republican
2642:Hugo Black
2504:Abe Fortas
2467:Humoresque
2388:Law school
2274:California
2264:itinerant
1926:Sojourners
1884:The Nation
1490:Yarborough
1315:La Guardia
872:Hofstadter
739:Gilded Age
575:Principles
500:Liberalism
420:Allegiance
273:Democratic
228:1898-10-16
8545:Biography
8481:Kavanaugh
8463:Sotomayor
8402:Rehnquist
8353:Whittaker
7799:1986–2005
7783:1969–1986
7767:1953–1969
7751:1946–1953
7735:1941–1946
7719:1930–1941
7703:1921–1930
7687:1910–1921
7671:1888–1910
7655:1874–1888
7639:1864–1873
7623:1836–1864
7607:1801–1835
7591:1796–1800
7559:1789–1795
7448:Donaldson
7373:Armstrong
6627:April 22,
6617:Fs.fed.us
6222:April 20,
6170:August 8,
5508:April 20,
5472:April 20,
5442:April 13,
5185:August 3,
5135:August 5,
4227:April 21,
3882:Manhattan
3800:, at the
3732:, in the
3391:nicknames
3385:Nicknames
3361:marijuana
3072:Lodge at
3049:region's
2791:Stonewall
2698:penumbras
2482:at Yale.
2188:(1948),
1578:Sotomayor
1485:Wellstone
1465:Stevenson
1245:Jefferson
1175:Feinstein
1105:Buttigieg
1052:Wellstone
887:Jefferson
877:Ingersoll
862:Galbraith
779:Third Way
734:Fair Deal
563:Third Way
526:Classical
391:Education
177:President
168:In office
127:President
118:In office
63:In office
8445:Ginsburg
8415:O'Connor
8389:Blackmun
8371:Goldberg
8365:B. White
8225:Brandeis
8207:J. Lamar
8150:E. White
8119:L. Lamar
8101:Matthews
8041:Clifford
8035:Campbell
8017:Woodbury
7999:McKinley
7957:Thompson
7909:S. Chase
7903:Paterson
7555:John Jay
7458:Schapiro
7418:Williams
7358:McDonald
7353:Hanrahan
6806:Archived
6774:Archived
6750:Archived
6733:June 22,
6727:Archived
6707:June 21,
6701:Archived
6677:June 21,
6671:Archived
6647:Archived
6621:Archived
6597:July 12,
6591:Archived
6472:(1979).
6450:Archived
6431:Archived
6410:June 21,
6400:Time.com
6377:June 21,
6371:Archived
6338:June 21,
6332:Archived
6308:Archived
6282:Archived
6216:Archived
6188:Archived
6099:(1979).
6042:Archived
5971:Archived
5935:June 21,
5929:Archived
5896:June 21,
5890:Archived
5866:Archived
5723:Archived
5589:Archived
5541:Archived
5499:Archived
5466:Archived
5436:Archived
5343:Archived
5265:Archived
4909:Archived
4707:Archived
4661:June 21,
4655:Archived
4636:, p. 64.
4568:, p. 234
4519:Archived
4498:March 9,
4437:Archived
4399:Archived
4344:June 21,
4338:Archived
4284:June 21,
4274:Time.com
4221:Archived
4107:See also
4052:Archived
3940:63-17851
3876:starred
3689:outside
3579:Bob Dole
3448:Courts.
3375:opinions
3245:election
3026:'s book
2933:Cambodia
2907:Pentagon
2839:Cold War
2742:Democrat
2723:Griswold
2702:Griswold
2335:and the
2333:Chicanos
2262:Scottish
2228:(1968),
2222:(1951),
2194:(1949),
2182:(1942),
2137:opinions
2082:'s most
1960:See also
1865:HuffPost
1704:Mugwumps
1573:Marshall
1548:Ginsburg
1513:Brandeis
1508:Blackmun
1450:Sharpton
1405:Randolph
1350:McGovern
1345:McCarthy
1305:King Jr.
1270:Kefauver
1250:Jeffries
1225:Humphrey
1120:Chisholm
1012:Trilling
1002:Sullivan
967:Sharpton
932:Nussbaum
912:McGovern
907:McCarthy
897:King Jr.
867:Garrison
857:Friedman
847:Franklin
827:Douglass
817:Commager
764:New Deal
536:Economic
491:a series
383:Children
8531:Portals
8487:Barrett
8475:Gorsuch
8427:Kennedy
8409:Stevens
8359:Stewart
8347:Brennan
8293:Douglas
8269:Cardozo
8249:Sanford
8163:McKenna
8157:Peckham
8077:Bradley
7987:Barbour
7975:Baldwin
7963:Trimble
7891:Iredell
7873:Cushing
7478:Gensler
7473:Clayton
7433:Breeden
7408:Garrett
7403:B. Cook
7368:Demmler
7363:D. Cook
7348:Caffrey
7343:Purcell
7328:Douglas
7318:Kennedy
7199:at the
7183:at the
7095:(1960)
7085:(1972)
7074:(1990)
7045:excerpt
7043:(2022)
6697:Nps.gov
6587:Audubon
6514:May 18,
6040:. USA.
6017:May 23,
5462:Nps.gov
4884:June 3,
4840:May 16,
4369:May 23,
4084:Playboy
4066:, with
3826:towpath
3811:of the
3809:towpath
3705:Lock 20
3425:Bahamas
3271:in the
3083:on the
2980:fiction
2717:of the
2460:... to
2378:private
2353:English
2337:I.W.W's
2084:liberal
1757:AFL–CIO
1610:Parties
1588:Stevens
1558:Houston
1543:Dworkin
1538:Douglas
1528:Cardozo
1518:Brennan
1502:Jurists
1475:Wallace
1455:Shriver
1445:Schumer
1415:Reuther
1385:O'Neill
1360:Mondale
1335:Madison
1330:Lindsay
1325:Lincoln
1255:Johnson
1190:Gompers
1185:Glasser
1165:Dukakis
1145:Clyburn
1085:Anthony
1080:Aguilar
1022:Thoreau
1017:Trotter
997:Stewart
992:Steinem
987:Stanton
972:Skinner
882:Ireland
852:Friedan
837:Emerson
832:Dworkin
718:History
520:Schools
450:Private
374:
366:
356:
344:
340:
331:
319:
315:
306:
294:
290:
279:Spouses
8451:Breyer
8439:Thomas
8433:Souter
8421:Scalia
8395:Powell
8377:Fortas
8335:Minton
8323:Burton
8305:Byrnes
8299:Murphy
8243:Butler
8231:Clarke
8213:Pitney
8194:Hughes
8187:Lurton
8169:Holmes
8137:Shiras
8125:Brewer
8071:Strong
8053:Miller
8047:Swayne
8029:Curtis
8011:Nelson
8005:Daniel
7993:Catron
7969:McLean
7945:Duvall
7879:Wilson
7463:Walter
7438:Levitt
7378:Gadsby
7338:Eicher
7323:Landis
7107:online
7097:online
7087:online
7076:online
7066:online
7056:online
7014:
6999:
6969:online
6952:
6916:
6890:
6864:
6842:
6482:
6363:
6257:
6103:
6073:
5921:
5847:
5818:
5780:
5715:
5581:
5533:
5408:,
5388:online
5204:,
5158:
5024:
4997:
4946:
4915:May 1,
4801:
4757:
4753:–476.
4713:May 1,
4616:
4405:May 1,
4330:
4183:(32),
4179:(32),
4040:
4027:
4014:
4001:
3988:
3975:
3962:
3950:
3938:
3928:
3916:
3869:sitcom
3646:, and
3528:PT 109
3460:Court.
3446:Vinson
3444:, and
3438:Hughes
3395:cowboy
3152:(1961)
3146:(1960)
3140:(1958)
3134:(1958)
3128:(1956)
3122:(1953)
3116:(1952)
3110:(1950)
2678:with "
2603:Judge
2573:, and
2331:, the
1981:(1950)
1660:(1948)
1654:(1924)
1648:(1912)
1598:Warren
1583:Souter
1553:Harlan
1533:Darrow
1523:Breyer
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