394:
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283:(1727–1805) as Naturalist to the Madras Government in April 1789. From 1793, he and Andrew Ross established a garden at Corcondah, where they worked on sugarcane and indigo. He also studied the prospects of introducing sago and other food crops to help alleviate the effect of famine. He was invited to fill the position of Superintendent at the Calcutta Botanical Garden where the death of Colonel Robert Kyd had created a vacancy. He made rapid progress and acquired a good reputation and was later invited by the government of
33:
181:
His father may have worked in the
Underwood estate or he may have been the illegitimate son of a well-connected family. His early education was at Underwood parish school perhaps also with some time at Symington parish school, and he probably also had private tutoring in Latin, as demonstrated by his
153:
surgeon and botanist who worked extensively in India, describing species and working on economic botany. He is known as the founding father of Indian botany. He published numerous works on Indian botany, illustrated by careful drawings made by Indian artists and accompanied by taxonomic descriptions
380:
island on 7 June 1813 and left on 1 March 1814. Despite his poor health he produced an annotated list of Saint Helena plants during his stay. This list formed the only accessible printed account of the flora until 1875. This was published as an appendix to
Beatson's Tracts 1816. He appears to have
317:
He meticulously collected vast amounts of meteorological data for years, and is considered as a pioneer in the collection of tropical meteorological data, to an extent unrivalled elsewhere until the 1820s. He had begun collecting detailed meteorological data as soon as he set foot in India, at
439:
for a series of highly interesting and valuable communications on the subject of the productions of the East and a second gold medal in 1803 for a communication on the growth of trees in India. On 31 May 1814, he was presented, in the presence of a large assembly, a third gold medal by the
971:"Flora Indica; or Descriptions of Indian Plants, by the Late William Roxburgh. Edited by William Carey, D.D., to Which are Added Descriptions of Plants More Recently Discovered by Nathaniel Wallich. Serampore, West Bengal, India | International Plant Names Index"
945:
476:
314:
in 3 volumes with over 300 drawings and descriptions of plants. The last part was published in March 1820. The names of the local artists who produced the botanical illustrations were not recorded.
436:
154:
of many plant species. Apart from the numerous species that he named, many species were named in his honour by his collaborators. He was the first to document the existence of the
365:, to whose Transactions he contributed, from time to time, many valuable papers. Amongst these was one of singular interest on the lacca insect, from which the substance
381:
lived in, or close to, his original
Edinburgh lodgings, then known as 4 Park Place or Street on the Meadows. He died there on 18 February 1815 and was buried nearby in
736:"The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) | Metro | Restore Plan for Ruin." The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) | Metro | Restore Plan for Ruin. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 April 2013.
342:
as well an experimental physiologist. Roxburgh's interest in systematic meteorology may have stemmed from the influence of John Hope as well as his experiences at the
252:
231:
as an
Assistant Surgeon on 28 May 1776 and was promoted to the rank of Surgeon in 1780. He received a second doctorate (also MD) on 12 January 1790 from
1156:
447:
Soon after receiving this last honourable testimony of high respect, Roxburgh returned to
Edinburgh, where he later died. He was created Keeper of the
224:
in 1774. Several of these voyages took him to Madras and other ports in India. In 1776 he received his first doctorate (MD) from
Edinburgh University.
1151:
851:
499:
had previously applied the name 'microphylla' to an unrelated
European species in 1798. The name was then changed in 1823 by (Austrian botanist)
1201:
1176:
1166:
1171:
205:. His studies included mathematics and physics, which would make him interested in precise quantification later in life in studies on hemp.
513:
475:. Carey and Wallich continued to work in the field of botany and in 1834, both Carey and Wallich contributed botanical specimens to the
1146:
1196:
1191:
393:
189:
and matriculated around 1771 or 1772. He lived with the well-connected family of Dr John
Boswell, living at "the back of the
1186:
1181:
1141:
929:
916:
900:
887:
630:
617:
354:. Such detailed measurements over many years led him to form an opinion on widespread famine and climate change in the
295:
in 1793 as
Superintendent of the Company garden at Sibpur near Calcutta. A catalogue of the garden was made in 1814 –
691:
247:
1066:
279:
experiments. He employed native artists to illustrate plants. He had 700 illustrations by 1790. He then succeeded
1121:
1085:
1017:
448:
414:
339:
280:
264:
721:
425:
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1206:
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due to poor health. To recuperate from his illness before continuing his voyage to
Scotland, he stopped at
496:
1126:
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209:
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1021:
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300:
175:
146:
38:
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288:
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122:
167:
53:
228:
343:
220:
1136:
1131:
776:
573:
202:
186:
155:
115:
8:
560:"Ganges River Dolphin: An Overview of Biology, Ecology, and Conservation Status in India"
500:
382:
780:
577:
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110:
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260:
150:
918:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
889:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
811:
619:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
1103:
528:
585:
346:
which, in the early 1770s, was greatly influenced by the climatic theories of
1115:
397:
Roxburgh monument at the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden.
355:
347:
335:
331:
1061:
828:
603:
429:
377:
327:
322:, and is known to have taken measurements three times a day, using Ramsden
307:
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218:
in 1772 serving under surgeon Richard Ballantyne. He also served on the
796:
323:
292:
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as the Company Botanist in Madras in April 1789. His early work was on
194:
76:
788:
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posthumously edited and published vol. 1 of Dr. William Roxburgh's
373:
236:
171:
103:
57:
32:
812:"A meteorological diary kept at Fort St George in the East Indies"
767:
Sealy, J. R. (1956). "The Roxburgh Flora Indica Drawings at Kew".
970:
319:
268:
480:
143:
1016:
467:. In 1824, Carey edited and published vol. 2 of Roxburgh's
140:
338:. He trained under John Hope, who was the curator of the
166:
He was born on 3 June 1751 on the Underwood estate near
471:, including extensive remarks and contributions by Dr.
174:
and christened on 29 June 1751 at the nearby church at
1043:
William Roxburgh. The Founding Father of Indian Botany
330:, made by then reputed scientific instrument makers,
523:is used to indicate this person as the author when
253:
Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden
809:
424:In 1802, Roxburgh was elected as a member of the
1113:
868:"Annals Of The Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta".
271:as superintendent in the Samalkot garden in the
816:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1062:Plants of the coast of Coromandel on Botanicus
465:Flora Indica; or Descriptions of Indian Plants
444:(then, the president of the Society of Arts).
1040:
924:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
895:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
625:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
197:during this period. He studied surgery under
870:Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta
711:
681:
459:In 1820, at the Mission Press in Serampore,
435:In 1805, he received the gold medal of the
385:. He was outlived by his third wife Mary.
149:(3/29 June 1751 – 18 February 1815) was a
31:
1157:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
827:
593:
506:
417:. In 1799 he was elected a Fellow of the
16:Scottish surgeon and botanist (1751–1815)
1152:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
762:
760:
557:
477:Royal Society for Agriculture and Botany
392:
246:
707:
705:
703:
401:In 1791 he was erected a Fellow of the
1114:
716:. The White House Press. p. 128.
310:, who in May 1795, started publishing
306:He had sent many illustrations to Sir
1202:18th-century Scottish medical doctors
1177:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1167:Scottish people of the British Empire
766:
757:
675:
495:by Dr. Roxburgh in 1820, but because
454:
1172:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
700:
663:Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1773
684:Indian botanical drawings 1793–1868
208:He joined (as a surgeon's mate) an
13:
1045:. Chichester, England: Phillimore.
14:
1218:
1147:British East India Company people
1050:
810:Roxburgh, W; Pringle, J. (1790).
437:Society for the Promotion of Arts
312:Plants of the coast of Coromandel
858:. Anthony Nelson Ltd., Oswestry.
1197:18th-century Scottish botanists
1018:International Plant Names Index
1010:
988:
963:
938:
909:
880:
861:
845:
836:
803:
748:
739:
730:
449:Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh
182:letters and some descriptions.
1192:Burials at Greyfriars Kirkyard
1092:Naturalist to the H.E.I.C. at
856:The Endemic Flora of St Helena
666:
657:
648:
639:
610:
551:
542:
426:American Philosophical Society
388:
1:
1067:Searchable online version of
161:
251:Roxburgh's residence at the
123:Author abbrev. (botany)
7:
714:Ecology, Climate and Empire
558:Sinha K., Ravindra (2014).
259:Roxburgh began work in the
10:
1223:
1187:People from South Ayrshire
1034:
403:Royal Society of Edinburgh
361:He became a member of the
340:Edinburgh botanical garden
289:Calcutta Botanical gardens
1182:People from East Ayrshire
1142:Botanists active in India
1100:
1090:
1082:
1057:Hortus Bengalensis (1814)
586:10.1007/s13280-014-0534-7
497:René Louiche Desfontaines
301:Francis Buchanan-Hamilton
242:
131:
121:
109:
98:
91:
83:
64:
45:
30:
23:
775:(2). Springer: 297–348.
645:Symington Parish records
535:
451:on arrival until death.
372:In 1813, he returned to
287:, to take charge of the
201:and learnt botany under
263:from 1781 and replaced
185:He studied medicine at
1122:British pteridologists
1041:Robinson, Tim (2008).
829:10.1098/rstl.1778.0012
745:Robinson (2008):32-33.
507:Authority abbreviation
398:
299:. He was succeeded by
256:
229:Madras Medical Service
998:. southernedition.com
712:Grove, R. H. (1997).
682:Noltie, H.J. (1999).
405:. His proposers were
396:
344:Royal Society of Arts
250:
39:Charles Turner Warren
1207:Scottish taxonomists
950:search.amphilsoc.org
946:"APS Member History"
654:Robinson (2008):5-7.
548:Robinson (2008):5–6.
491:was initially named
275:. Here he conducted
187:Edinburgh University
156:Ganges river dolphin
996:"The Chestnut Rose"
842:Robinson (2008):73.
781:1956KewBu..11..297S
754:Robinson (2008):38.
672:Robinson (2008):22.
578:2014Ambio..43.1029S
514:author abbreviation
501:Leopold Trattinnick
383:Greyfriars Kirkyard
1127:Economic botanists
565:Journal of Biology
479:'s Winter Show in
455:Posthumous honours
399:
352:Duhamel du Monceau
297:Hortus Bengalensis
257:
210:East India Company
199:Dr Alexander Monro
1162:Scottish surgeons
1110:
1109:
1101:Succeeded by
473:Nathaniel Wallich
411:Daniel Rutherford
233:Marischal College
135:
134:
93:Scientific career
25:William Roxburgh
1214:
1083:Preceded by
1080:
1079:
1072:Scanned volumes
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572:(8): 1029–1046.
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493:Rosa microphylla
273:Northern Circars
138:William Roxburgh
111:Doctoral advisor
71:
35:
21:
20:
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1086:Patrick Russell
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488:Rosa roxburghii
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442:Duke of Norfolk
419:Linnean Society
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363:Asiatic Society
281:Patrick Russell
277:economic botany
265:Patrick Russell
261:Carnatic region
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37:Engraving by
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1091:
1069:Flora Indica
1068:
1042:
1022:
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
990:
980:13 September
978:. Retrieved
975:www.ipni.org
974:
965:
953:. Retrieved
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469:Flora Indica
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430:Philadelphia
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378:Saint Helena
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328:thermometers
316:
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308:Joseph Banks
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75:Park Place,
70:(1815-04-10)
49:29 June 1751
18:
1137:1751 births
1132:1815 deaths
822:: 180–193.
483:, Belgium.
415:John Walker
389:Recognition
326:and Nairne
193:" in south
84:Nationality
52:Underwood,
1116:Categories
1098:1789-1793
1023: Roxb
723:1874267189
324:barometers
293:Robert Kyd
255:at Howrah.
162:Early life
369:is made.
203:John Hope
195:Edinburgh
176:Symington
116:John Hope
102:surgeon,
77:Edinburgh
1002:24 March
854:(1995).
604:24924188
428:held in
374:Scotland
237:Aberdeen
215:Houghton
172:Ayrshire
151:Scottish
104:botanist
87:Scottish
58:Ayrshire
1035:Sources
955:1 April
797:4109049
777:Bibcode
595:4235892
574:Bibcode
191:Meadows
168:Craigie
54:Craigie
1094:Madras
928:
899:
795:
720:
690:
629:
602:
592:
525:citing
356:empire
320:Madras
285:Bengal
269:botany
243:Career
99:Fields
922:(PDF)
893:(PDF)
793:JSTOR
623:(PDF)
536:Notes
519:Roxb.
481:Ghent
221:Queen
212:ship
144:FRCPE
127:Roxb.
1004:2015
982:2021
957:2021
926:ISBN
897:ISBN
876:: 4.
718:ISBN
688:ISBN
627:ISBN
600:PMID
413:and
350:and
334:and
141:FRSE
65:Died
46:Born
824:doi
785:doi
590:PMC
582:doi
367:lac
235:in
170:in
147:FLS
1118::
1020:.
973:.
948:.
872:.
820:68
818:.
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783:.
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759:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
