2644:
1341:
1447:
3115:
2725:
3374:
2819:
2401:
2294:
1974:
1463:
2482:
3010:
1161:
870:
40:
2140:
1913:
2926:
52:
1629:
861:
2227:
1938:
1321:
3459:
1832:
2575:
1475:
2254:
1965:
2381:
2314:
2100:
2006:
1207:
76:
1769:
1753:
11603:
2530:. On a monthly, weekly, daily, or hourly basis—or less—wind might supply as much as or more than 100% of current use, with the rest stored, exported or curtailed. The seasonal industry might then take advantage of high wind and low usage times such as at night when wind output can exceed normal demand. Such industry might include the production of silicon, aluminum, steel, or natural gas, and hydrogen, and using future long-term storage to facilitate 100% energy from
1602:
3152:, Shen et al. (2019) found that Chinese city-dwellers may be resistant to building wind turbines in urban areas, with a surprisingly high proportion of people citing an unfounded fear of radiation as driving their concerns. Also, the study finds that like their counterparts in OECD countries, urban Chinese respondents are sensitive to direct costs and wildlife externalities. Distributing relevant information about turbines to the public may alleviate resistance.
13943:
12834:
12182:
10860:
10366:
1654:
667:
1904:
3167:
11402:
3621:
681:
1992:
1688:
1663:
3018:
3546:, to power the lighting in the cottage, thus making it the first house in the world to have its electric power supplied by wind power. Blyth offered the surplus electric power to the people of Marykirk for lighting the main street, however, they turned down the offer as they thought electric power was "the work of the devil." Although he later built a wind turbine to supply emergency power to the local Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary, and Dispensary of
12844:
10884:
10390:
1778:
1672:
1593:
2060:
1850:
1805:
1744:
1638:
3293:
2169:
1868:
3209:
2784:
1884:
1796:
1715:
11416:
3635:
1496:
2341:
2080:
1735:
1697:
2559:
2160:
1922:
853:
2207:
1859:
1823:
2236:
1947:
1620:
2799:(the point at which the cost of wind power matches traditional sources) in some areas of Europe in the mid-2000s, and in the US around the same time. Falling prices continue to drive the Levelized cost down and it has been suggested that it has reached general grid parity in Europe in 2010, and will reach the same point in the US around 2016 due to an expected reduction in capital costs of about 12%. In 2021, the CEO of
11388:
10848:
3607:
2187:
2015:
2323:
2274:
2042:
2033:
1983:
10402:
1230:
1184:
10872:
10378:
1414:
population density is higher. Any existing transmission lines in remote locations may not have been designed for the transport of large amounts of energy. In particular geographic regions, peak wind speeds may not coincide with peak demand for electrical power, whether offshore or onshore. A possible future option may be to interconnect widely dispersed geographic areas with an HVDC
3561:. This was built by his engineering company at his home and operated from 1886 until 1900. The Brush wind turbine had a rotor 17 metres (56 ft) in diameter and was mounted on an 18 metres (59 ft) tower. Although large by today's standards, the machine was only rated at 12 kW. The connected dynamo was used either to charge a bank of batteries or to operate up to 100
3075:, and have a lifetime of 20 years. Blades are hollow: some blades are crushed to reduce their volume and then landfilled. However, as they can take a lot of weight they can be made into long lasting small bridges for walkers or cyclists. Blade end-of-life is complicated, and blades manufactured in the 2020s are more likely to be designed to be completely recyclable.
6406:
3565:, three arc lamps, and various motors in Brush's laboratory. With the development of electric power, wind power found new applications in lighting buildings remote from centrally generated power. Throughout the 20th century parallel paths developed small wind stations suitable for farms or residences. From 1932 many isolated properties in
2989:, or diesel systems to supplement the wind turbine. Equipment such as parking meters, traffic warning signs, street lighting, or wireless Internet gateways may be powered by a small wind turbine, possibly combined with a photovoltaic system, that charges a small battery replacing the need for a connection to the power grid.
6390:
3436:
effect". Also, the aerodynamics of a wind turbine at the rotor surface exhibit phenomena that are rarely seen in other aerodynamic fields. The shape and dimensions of the blades of the wind turbine are determined by the aerodynamic performance required to efficiently extract energy from the wind, and
3395:
for auxiliary power. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making small contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, have become an increasingly important source of renewable
3580:
triggered the investigation in
Denmark and the United States that led to larger utility-scale wind generators that could be connected to electric power grids for remote use of power. By 2008, the U.S. installed capacity had reached 25.4 gigawatts, and by 2012 the installed capacity was 60 gigawatts.
2981:
Grid-connected domestic wind turbines may use grid energy storage, thus replacing purchased electric power with locally produced power when available. The surplus power produced by domestic microgenerators can, in some jurisdictions, be fed into the network and sold to the utility company, producing
2848:
per unit of electric power must incorporate the cost of construction of the turbine and transmission facilities, borrowed funds, return to investors (including the cost of risk), estimated annual production, and other components, averaged over the projected useful life of the equipment, which may be
2757:
can store energy developed by high-wind periods and release it when needed. The type of storage needed depends on the wind penetration level – low penetration requires daily storage, and high penetration requires both short- and long-term storage – as long as a month or more. Stored energy increases
1062:
The global wind kinetic energy averaged approximately 1.50 MJ/m over the period from 1979 to 2010, 1.31 MJ/m in the
Northern Hemisphere with 1.70 MJ/m in the Southern Hemisphere. The atmosphere acts as a thermal engine, absorbing heat at higher temperatures, releasing heat at lower temperatures. The
3592:
In 2023, the global wind power sector experienced significant growth, with 116.6 gigawatts (GW) of new capacity added to the power grid, representing a 50% increase over the amount added in 2022. This surge in capacity brought the total installed wind power capacity worldwide to 1,021 GW by the end
3055:
and spacing requirements, wind farms typically need to be spread over more land than other power stations. Their network of turbines, access roads, transmission lines, and substations can result in "energy sprawl"; although land between the turbines and roads can still be used for agriculture. Some
2867:
continues to fall but more slowly than before. The study estimated new wind-generated electricity cost from $ 26 to $ 50/MWh, compared to new gas power from $ 45 to $ 74/MWh. The median cost of fully deprecated existing coal power was $ 42/MWh, nuclear $ 29/MWh and gas $ 24/MWh. The study estimated
2639:
The combination of diversifying variable renewables by type and location, forecasting their variation, and integrating them with dispatchable renewables, flexible fueled generators, and demand response can create a power system that has the potential to meet power supply needs reliably. Integrating
3078:
Wind turbines also generate noise. At a distance of 300 metres (980 ft), this may be around 45 dB, which is slightly louder than a refrigerator. At 1.5 km (1 mi), they become inaudible. There are anecdotal reports of negative health effects on people who live very close to wind
3068:
deaths than fossil-fueled power stations when climate change effects are included. Not including these effects, modern wind turbines kill about 0.273 birds per GWh in comparison with 0.200 by coal power plants. The effects of wind turbines on birds can be mitigated with proper wildlife monitoring.
3067:
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the greatest potential impacts on wildlife of onshore wind farms, but the worldwide ecological impact is minimal. Thousands of birds and bats, including rare species, have been killed by wind turbine blades, though wind turbines are responsible for far fewer bird
2904:
The wind energy sector can also produce jobs during the construction and operating phase. Jobs include the manufacturing of wind turbines and the construction process, which includes transporting, installing, and then maintaining the turbines. An estimated 1.25 million people were employed in wind
2737:
complements wind power very well. When the wind is blowing strongly, nearby hydroelectric stations can temporarily hold back their water. When the wind drops they can, provided they have the generation capacity, rapidly increase production to compensate. This gives a very even overall power supply
2728:
Energy from wind, sunlight or other renewable energy is converted to potential energy for storage in devices such as electric batteries or higher-elevation water reservoirs. The stored potential energy is later converted to electricity that is added to the power grid, even when the original energy
2600:
Electric power generated from wind power can be highly variable at several different timescales: hourly, daily, or seasonally. Annual variation also exists but is not as significant. Because instantaneous electrical generation and consumption must remain in balance to maintain grid stability, this
2508:
to allow for equipment failures. This reserve capacity can also serve to compensate for the varying power generation produced by wind stations. Studies have indicated that 20% of the total annual electrical energy consumption may be incorporated with minimal difficulty. These studies have been for
1402:
Wind power resources are not always located near to high population density. As transmission lines become longer, the losses associated with power transmission increase, as modes of losses at lower lengths are exacerbated and new modes of losses are no longer negligible as the length is increased;
1375:
Offshore wind power is wind farms in large bodies of water, usually the sea. These installations can use the more frequent and powerful winds that are available in these locations and have less visual impact on the landscape than land-based projects. However, the construction and maintenance costs
1090:
provide time-varying simulations of wind speed and power output from different wind turbine models at an hourly resolution. More detailed, site-specific assessments of wind resource potential can be obtained from specialist commercial providers, and many of the larger wind developers have in-house
2900:
pay utility companies a premium that goes to subsidize and build new wind power infrastructure. Companies use wind-generated power, and in return, they can claim that they are undertaking strong "green" efforts. Wind projects provide local taxes, or payments in place of taxes and strengthen the
1247:
in the same location. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines distributed over an extended area. The land between the turbines may be used for agricultural or other purposes. A wind farm may also be located offshore. Almost all large wind turbines have the same
1094:
The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind is considerably more than present human power use from all sources. The strength of wind varies, and an average value for a given location does not alone indicate the amount of energy a wind turbine could produce there.
3239:
often exists and has delayed or aborted a number of projects. As well as concerns about the landscape, there are concerns that some installations can produce excessive sound and vibration levels leading to a decrease in property values. A study of 50,000 home sales near wind turbines found no
2472:
Since wind speed is not constant, a wind farm's annual energy production is never as much as the sum of the generator nameplate ratings multiplied by the total hours in a year. The ratio of actual productivity in a year to this theoretical maximum is called the capacity factor. Online data is
1413:
One of the biggest current challenges to wind power grid integration in some countries is the necessity of developing new transmission lines to carry power from wind farms, usually in remote lowly populated areas due to availability of wind, to high load locations, usually on the coasts where
1255:
In a wind farm, individual turbines are interconnected with a medium voltage (often 34.5 kV) power collection system and communications network. In general, a distance of 7D (7 times the rotor diameter of the wind turbine) is set between each turbine in a fully developed wind farm. At a
2859:
The cost has decreased as wind turbine technology has improved. There are now longer and lighter wind turbine blades, improvements in turbine performance, and increased power generation efficiency. Also, wind project capital expenditure costs and maintenance costs have continued to decline.
3431:
are not straightforward. The airflow at the blades is not the same as the airflow far away from the turbine. The very nature of how energy is extracted from the air also causes air to be deflected by the turbine. This affects the objects or other turbines downstream, which is known as
2762:
can offset the cost and losses of storage. Although pumped-storage power systems are only about 75% efficient and have high installation costs, their low running costs and ability to reduce the required electrical base-load can save both fuel and total electrical generation costs.
2974:. Although the energy they generate is small compared to the buildings' overall consumption, they help to reinforce the building's 'green' credentials in ways that "showing people your high-tech boiler" cannot, with some of the projects also receiving the direct support of the
3144:
Public support in the United States has decreased from 75% in 2020 to 62% in 2021, with the
Democratic Party supporting the use of wind energy twice as much as the Republican Party. President Biden has signed an executive order to begin building large scale wind farms.
3403:
Wind turbine design is the process of defining the form and specifications of a wind turbine to extract energy from the wind. A wind turbine installation consists of the necessary systems needed to capture the wind's energy, point the turbine into the wind, convert
3130:
Although wind power is a popular form of energy generation, onshore or near offshore wind farms are sometimes opposed for their impact on the landscape (especially scenic areas, heritage areas and archaeological landscapes), as well as noise, and impact on tourism.
3126:
and in many other countries show strong public support for wind power. Bakker et al. (2012) found in their study that residents who did not want turbines built near them suffered significantly more stress than those who "benefited economically from wind turbines".
3390:
into electrical power. The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of horizontal axis and vertical axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as
2517:
with storage capacity, demand management, and interconnected to a large grid area enabling the export of electric power when needed. Electrical utilities continue to study the effects of large-scale penetration of wind generation on system stability.
2663:
tend to be windier and cloudier. On seasonal timescales, solar energy peaks in summer, whereas in many areas wind energy is lower in summer and higher in winter. Thus the seasonal variation of wind and solar power tend to cancel each other somewhat.
1272:
Most modern turbines use variable speed generators combined with either a partial or full-scale power converter between the turbine generator and the collector system, which generally have more desirable properties for grid interconnection and have
3092:
Although wind turbines with fixed bases are a mature technology and new installations are generally no longer subsidized, floating wind turbines are a relatively new technology so some governments subsidize them, for example to use deeper waters.
6688:
3182:. Appropriate government consultation, planning and approval procedures also help to minimize environmental risks. Some may still object to wind farms but many say their concerns should be weighed against the need to address the threats posed by
2592:
Wind power is variable, and during low wind periods, it may need to be replaced by other power sources. Transmission networks presently cope with outages of other generation plants and daily changes in electrical demand, but the variability of
4212:
5800:
Kaspar, F., Borsche, M., Pfeifroth, U., Trentmann, J., Drücke, J., and Becker, P.: A climatological assessment of balancing effects and shortfall risks of photovoltaics and wind energy in
Germany and Europe, Adv. Sci. Res., 16, 119–128,
2521:
A wind energy penetration figure can be specified for different duration of time but is often quoted annually. To generate almost all electricity from wind annually requires substantial interconnection to other systems, for example some
6293:
Bogdanov, Dmitrii; Ram, Manish; Aghahosseini, Arman; Gulagi, Ashish; Oyewo, Ayobami
Solomon; Child, Michael; Caldera, Upeksha; Sadovskaia, Kristina; Farfan, Javier; De Souza Noel Simas Barbosa, Larissa; Fasihi, Mahdi (15 July 2021).
3193:
In the US, wind power projects are reported to boost local tax bases, helping to pay for schools, roads, and hospitals, and to revitalize the economies of rural communities by providing steady income to farmers and other landowners.
5706:
5155:
2696:
While the output from a single turbine can vary greatly and rapidly as local wind speeds vary, as more turbines are connected over larger and larger areas the average power output becomes less variable and more predictable.
7329:
8799:
5410:
3231:
In
Denmark, a loss-of-value scheme gives people the right to claim compensation for loss of value of their property if it is caused by proximity to a wind turbine. The loss must be at least 1% of the property's value.
864:
Distribution of wind speed (red) and energy (blue) for all of 2002 at the Lee Ranch facility in
Colorado. The histogram shows measured data, while the curve is the Rayleigh model distribution for the same average wind
5371:
3419:
showed that for a hypothetical ideal wind-energy extraction machine, the fundamental laws of conservation of mass and energy allowed no more than 16/27 (59%) of the kinetic energy of the wind to be captured. This
2635:
may gain ground from the mid-2020s. Wind power advocates argue that periods of low wind can be dealt with by simply restarting existing power stations that have been held in readiness, or interlinking with HVDC.
7175:
775:, global installed wind power capacity exceeded 800 GW. 32 countries generated more than a tenth of their electricity from wind power in 2023 and wind generation has nearly tripled since 2015. To help meet the
2647:
Seasonal cycle of capacity factors for wind and photovoltaics in Europe under idealized assumptions. The figure illustrates the balancing effects of wind and solar energy at the seasonal scale (Kaspar et al.,
1049:
5349:
5732:
5988:
6685:
2880:
Turbine prices have fallen significantly in recent years due to tougher competitive conditions such as the increased use of energy auctions, and the elimination of subsidies in many markets. As of 2021,
2624:
Fluctuations in load and allowance for the failure of large fossil-fuel generating units require operating reserve capacity, which can be increased to compensate for the variability of wind generation.
3102:
Permitting of wind farms can take years and some governments are trying to speed up – the wind industry says this will help limit climate change and increase energy security – sometimes groups such as
1059:
of the wind speed; the available power increases eightfold when the wind speed doubles. Change of wind speed by a factor of 2.1544 increases the wind power by one order of magnitude (multiply by 10).
5773:
2597:
such as wind power is more frequent than those of conventional power generation plants which, when scheduled to be operating, may be able to deliver their nameplate capacity around 95% of the time.
2489:
Wind energy penetration is the fraction of energy produced by wind compared with the total generation. Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage in 2021 was almost 7%, up from 3.5% in 2015.
4173:
2955:
generators, may use wind turbines as an alternative. Individuals may purchase these systems to reduce or eliminate their dependence on grid electric power for economic reasons, or to reduce their
8191:
4848:
1346:
Offshore windfarms, including floating windfarms, provide a small but growing fraction of total windfarm power generation. Such power generation capacity must grow substantially to help meet the
2885:
are still often given to offshore wind. But they are generally no longer necessary for onshore wind in countries with even a very low carbon price such as China, provided there are no competing
5043:
3044:
than for the average unit of electricity, so wind power helps limit climate change. Use of engineered wood may allow carbon negative wind power. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no local
5522:
2803:
warned that increased demand for low-cost wind turbines combined with high input costs and high costs of steel result in increased pressure on the manufacturers and decreasing profit margins.
1098:
To assess prospective wind power sites, a probability distribution function is often fit to the observed wind speed data. Different locations will have different wind speed distributions. The
8705:
4263:
814:
energy sources to attain a reliable supply of electricity. Land-based (onshore) wind farms have a greater visual impact on the landscape than most other power stations per energy produced.
7643:
12371:
8593:
1086:
provides a global assessment of wind power potential. Unlike 'static' wind resource atlases which average estimates of wind speed and power density across multiple years, tools such as
5872:
2951:
Small-scale wind power is the name given to wind generation systems with the capacity to produce up to 50 kW of electrical power. Isolated communities, that may otherwise rely on
9446:
5073:
8637:
5698:
4341:
3118:
Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red).
5148:
5126:
1406:
When the transmission capacity does not meet the generation capacity, wind farms are forced to produce below their full potential or stop running altogether, in a process known as
8796:
7319:
5958:
3254:, but research carried out in 2009 found that there is little evidence to support the belief that residents only object to wind farms because of a "Not in my Back Yard" attitude.
840:
Regions in the higher northern and southern latitudes have the highest potential for wind power. In most regions, wind power generation is higher in nighttime, and in winter when
4239:
744:, but today it is mostly used to generate electricity. This article deals only with wind power for electricity generation. Today, wind power is generated almost completely with
5403:
2852:
The presence of wind energy, even when subsidized, can reduce costs for consumers (€5 billion/yr in
Germany) by reducing the marginal price, by minimizing the use of expensive
8774:
5550:
3499:
by the 9th century. Wind power was widely available and not confined to the banks of fast-flowing streams, or later, requiring sources of fuel. Wind-powered pumps drained the
10744:
8177:
7888:
6351:
5573:
4829:
4502:
4966:
wind-power-in-maine_2013-08-04.html?pagenum=full
Inadequate transmission lines keeping some Maine wind power off the grid – The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram
4909:
8390:
8072:
7010:
3901:
12973:
7869:
6824:
6140:
5378:
4968:
7091:
4483:
4364:
3822:
4407:
8919:
7172:
6470:
2682:
For any particular generator, there is an 80% chance that wind output will change less than 10% in an hour and a 40% chance that it will change 10% or more in 5 hours.
970:
5280:
4879:
9057:
8752:
7923:
1281:
with partial-scale converters or squirrel-cage induction generators or synchronous generators (both permanently and electrically excited) with full-scale converters.
7119:
6492:
5676:
5341:
938:
12396:
12380:
5728:
2975:
8103:
5980:
12364:
9080:
8346:
918:
3178:
Many wind power companies work with local communities to reduce environmental and other concerns associated with particular wind farms. In other cases there is
895:
9366:
8372:
6439:
8835:
6246:
3440:
In addition to the aerodynamic design of the blades, the design of a complete wind power system must also address the design of the installation's rotor hub,
8483:
6775:
6632:
5825:
3666:
3037:
7600:
6519:
5014:
1330:(and first to be installed without the use of heavy-lift vessels), WindFloat, operating at rated capacity (2 MW) approximately 5 km offshore of
12218:
4389:
2810:
in
Argentina are the best areas for onshore wind: whereas in other parts of the world solar power, or a combination of wind and solar, tend to be cheaper.
1063:
process is responsible for the production of wind kinetic energy at a rate of 2.46 W/m thus sustaining the circulation of the atmosphere against friction.
8859:
4432:
7668:
2758:
the economic value of wind energy since it can be shifted to displace higher-cost generation during peak demand periods. The potential revenue from this
1102:
model closely mirrors the actual distribution of hourly/ten-minute wind speeds at many locations. The Weibull factor is often close to 2 and therefore a
5931:
5774:"Annual variable renewable energy share and corresponding system integration phase in selected countries/regions, 2018 – Charts – Data & Statistics"
4844:
4526:
12357:
8209:
Shen, Shiran Victoria; Cain, Bruce E.; Hui, Iris (2019). "Public receptivity in China towards wind energy generators: A survey experimental approach".
7834:
4005:
7625:
5035:
2643:
8039:
6841:"The animals don't care at all. We find cows and antelope napping in the shade of the turbines." – Mike Cadieux, site manager, Wyoming Wind Farm
5519:
4598:
2844:
but has no fuel costs. The price of wind power is therefore much more stable than the volatile prices of fossil fuel sources. However, the estimated
8674:
4699:
9244:
4260:
3581:
Today, wind-powered generators operate in every size range between tiny stations for battery charging at isolated residences, up to gigawatt-sized
8125:
7462:
5100:
10928:
8429:
5180:
11454:
3029:
8585:
3138:. The hundreds of thousands of people who have become involved in Germany's small and medium-sized wind farms demonstrate such support there.
8563:
6713:
6271:
5879:
5435:
2464:, which varies according to equipment and location. Estimates of the capacity factors for wind installations are in the range of 35% to 44%.
6372:
5065:
12127:
8941:
8656:
6542:
5591:
4337:
712:
8309:
2601:
variability can present substantial challenges to incorporating large amounts of wind power into a grid system. Intermittency and the non-
2449:, analysts say it should expand much faster – by over 1% of electricity generation per year. Expansion of wind power is being hindered by
12880:
12594:
5122:
4985:
7835:"Europe takes emergency action to remove permitting bottlenecks for wind power | REVE News of the wind sector in Spain and in the world"
7002:
5950:
5905:
5756:
5467:
2849:
more than 20 years. Energy cost estimates are highly dependent on these assumptions so published cost figures can differ substantially.
975:
7249:
Parisé, J.; Walker, T. R. (2017). "Industrial wind turbine post-construction bird and bat monitoring: A policy framework for Canada".
7039:
4236:
3056:
wind farms are opposed for potentially spoiling protected scenic areas, archaeological landscapes and heritage sites. A report by the
9343:
6798:
8770:
6603:
5546:
1410:. While this leads to potential renewable generation left untapped, it prevents possible grid overload or risk to reliable service.
1340:
12211:
9087:
8151:
7895:
6949:
5846:
5577:
4932:
4821:
4499:
8536:
7696:
6222:
4901:
3470:
10657:
9479:
9452:
8397:
8064:
8816:
7861:
6828:
6144:
5299:
3909:
13967:
12914:
12705:
12554:
12541:
10099:
7955:
7564:
6010:
4623:
Falahi, G.; Huang, A. (1 October 2014). "Low voltage ride through control of modular multilevel converter based HVDC systems".
4030:
3814:
3205:
have expressed concerns about the effects on the rural landscape caused by inappropriately sited wind turbines and wind farms.
207:
8615:
6036:"Current advances and approaches in wind speed and wind power forecasting for improved renewable energy integration: A review"
5805:
5207:
4480:
4403:
12752:
12690:
11199:
10143:
9818:
9294:
8911:
8808:
8732:
8650:
8287:
7496:
6735:"Potential Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Self-Sufficient Residential Use in Germany and the Czech Republic"
6466:
6356:
4640:
4459:
3930:"The Energy Footprint: How Oil, Natural Gas, and Wind Energy Affect Land for Biodiversity and the Flow of Ecosystem Services"
9269:
9215:
9024:
8310:"Group Dedicates Opening of 200 MW Big Horn Wind Farm: Farm incorporates conservation efforts that protect wildlife habitat"
6567:
6075:
Tong, Dan; Farnham, David J.; Duan, Lei; Zhang, Qiang; Lewis, Nathan S.; Caldeira, Ken; Davis, Steven J. (22 October 2021).
5277:
4871:
1446:
12837:
12778:
12773:
12185:
11602:
10440:
9053:
8888:
8749:
7930:
6856:"Predicted wind and solar energy expansion has minimal overlap with multiple conservation priorities across global regions"
877:
Wind is air movement in the Earth's atmosphere. In a unit of time, say 1 second, the volume of air that had passed an area
822:, although they are generally more expensive. Offshore wind power currently has a share of about 10% of new installations.
8252:
3844:
12619:
12509:
12204:
12024:
10921:
10285:
7293:
6174:
5763:
Gregor Czisch, University of Kassel, Germany and Gregor Giebel, Risø National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark
5668:
5261:
3305:
3236:
8967:
8350:
7770:
Fossil-fuel subsidies are one of the biggest financial barriers hampering the world's shift to renewable energy sources.
3247:
and local prosperity, protest groups are often formed to attempt to block some wind power stations for various reasons.
12132:
11447:
10677:
10662:
8797:
A Spatial Hedonic Analysis of the Effects of Wind Energy Facilities on Surrounding Property Values in the United States
8095:
7183:
6964:
6924:
6400:
3671:
3530:). Blyth's 10 metres (33 ft) high cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at
3057:
3004:
2433:
of electricity, which was over 5% of worldwide electrical generation and about 2% of energy consumption. With over 100
795:
9091:
8461:
7809:
6733:
Ramirez Camargo, Luis; Nitsch, Felix; Gruber, Katharina; Valdes, Javier; Wuth, Jane; Dorner, Wolfgang (January 2019).
3114:
3013:
Greenhouse gas emissions per energy source. Wind energy is one of the sources with the least greenhouse gas emissions.
13796:
11752:
9157:
9135:
9040:
6165:
The Future of Electrical Energy Storage: The economics and potential of new technologies 2 January 2009 ID RET2107622
3202:
3161:
534:
354:
75:
8832:
8376:
6429:
4664:
Cheng, Ming; Zhu, Ying (2014). "The state of the art of wind energy conversion systems and technologies: A review".
3787:
3224:
Visitor Centre has an exhibition room, a learning hub, a café with a viewing deck and also a shop. It is run by the
3141:
A 2010 Harris Poll found strong support for wind power in Germany, other European countries, and the United States.
13420:
12431:
11269:
10226:
6243:
5616:
4590:
3906:
Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science
2791:
Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electric power, cheaper than coal plants and new gas plants. According to
2772:
2686:
2602:
705:
142:
7644:"RWE Wins Dutch Subsidy-Free Offshore Wind Tender with 760 MW Project Including Green Hydrogen and Floating Solar"
7586:
6767:
6628:
5822:
5011:
4058:"Pieces of a puzzle: solar-wind power synergies on seasonal and diurnal timescales tend to be excellent worldwide"
2505:
12873:
12783:
12449:
11915:
11840:
11711:
11305:
10495:
6516:
4429:
4271:
4120:
3569:
ran their lighting and electric fans from batteries, charged by a "Freelite" wind-driven generator, producing 100
2897:
2742:
2719:
1079:
772:
398:
8856:
7782:
7684:
A key driver of the rush to add capacity was the termination of central government subsidies at the end of 2021.
6663:
2724:
12737:
12609:
12484:
12454:
12426:
10914:
10236:
4150:
4124:
7622:
7064:
6187:
Haapala, Karl R.; Prempreeda, Preedanood (2014). "Comparative life cycle assessment of 2.0 MW wind turbines".
4365:"On the truncated weibull distribution and its usefulness in evaluating potential wind (or wave) energy sites"
3748:
3174:, England, have been opposed for a number of reasons, including aesthetics, by some sectors of the population.
2704:
It is thought that the most reliable low-carbon electricity systems will include a large share of wind power.
825:
Wind power is one of the lowest-cost electricity sources per unit of energy produced. In many locations, new
12937:
12804:
12768:
12604:
12504:
12479:
12087:
12019:
12009:
11885:
11785:
11440:
11342:
11219:
11071:
10754:
8331:
5935:
5895:
This study measured up to four times as much average wind power during winter as in summer for the test site.
4519:
2893:
2835:
2750:
2628:
2527:
227:
3342:
3338:
2775:, of wind power varies, but averages about 20–25. Thus, the energy payback time is typically around a year.
13489:
13324:
12819:
12742:
12710:
12629:
12519:
12499:
12489:
12406:
11940:
11900:
11477:
10605:
10406:
9766:
2930:
1292:
17:
7982:
2892:
Secondary market forces provide incentives for businesses to use wind-generated power, even if there is a
2701:
permits the electric-power network to be readied for the predictable variations in production that occur.
13813:
12700:
12670:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12589:
12579:
12569:
12564:
12549:
12524:
12421:
12416:
12167:
12162:
11880:
11855:
11845:
11821:
11816:
11522:
10876:
10786:
10764:
10537:
10325:
9584:
9472:
8508:
6296:"Low-cost renewable electricity as the key driver of the global energy transition towards sustainability"
5873:"Lake Erie Wind Resource Report, Cleveland Water Crib Monitoring Site, Two-Year Report Executive Summary"
3676:
3582:
3377:
Typical components of a wind turbine (gearbox, rotor shaft and brake assembly) being lifted into position
2869:
2618:
1370:
1347:
1278:
1261:
698:
5699:"Report: An additional 20GWh of battery storage could significantly reduce wind power curtailment in UK"
4500:
Started in August 2001, the Jaisalmer based facility crossed 1,000 MW capacity to achieve this milestone
13946:
13830:
13774:
12866:
12809:
12788:
12747:
12732:
12695:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12639:
12624:
12584:
12574:
12514:
12464:
12459:
12388:
12082:
11800:
11770:
11547:
11347:
10610:
10542:
9241:
9127:
8129:
7983:"Impact of wind turbine sound on annoyance, self-reported sleep disturbance and psychological distress"
7459:
5092:
3550:, the invention never really caught on as the technology was not considered to be economically viable.
3357:
2936:
1119:
568:
8422:
8018:
3424:
can be approached in modern turbine designs, which may reach 70 to 80% of the theoretical Betz limit.
3243:
While aesthetic issues are subjective and some find wind farms pleasant and optimistic, or symbols of
2827:
13977:
13361:
12814:
12634:
12614:
12599:
12494:
12474:
12469:
12411:
12401:
12137:
11626:
11587:
11326:
11081:
11011:
10811:
10560:
10231:
10089:
9751:
9696:
9676:
9671:
7562:
Summary of main conclusions reached in 25 reviews of the research literature on wind farms and health
3557:, a larger and heavily engineered machine was designed and constructed in the winter of 1887–1888 by
3428:
3373:
3300:
3285:
3033:
2665:
2594:
2547:
2531:
2446:
1407:
844:
output is low. For this reason, combinations of wind and solar power are suitable in many countries.
803:
780:
671:
247:
12559:
7434:
2995:, such as kites, can be used in places at risk of hurricanes, as they can be taken down in advance.
1508:
13346:
12441:
12112:
11920:
11860:
11517:
11295:
11056:
10831:
10433:
10160:
9504:
6965:"Visual impacts and acceptability of wind farms to councillors and senior council staff in Britain"
3721:
3696:
3328:
3041:
2864:
2610:
2500:, demand management, and other factors. An interconnected electric power grid will already include
1274:
1067:
830:
620:
558:
232:
187:
177:
107:
8560:
6710:
6263:
13521:
13410:
12847:
12051:
12041:
12031:
11406:
11367:
11321:
11209:
11086:
11066:
10890:
10382:
10320:
10305:
9701:
9681:
6539:
6369:
4725:
3873:
3626:
3562:
3362:
2818:
2510:
1248:
design — a horizontal axis wind turbine having an upwind rotor with 3 blades, attached to a
1196:
811:
685:
563:
553:
257:
192:
8548:
3352:
3318:
2473:
available for some locations, and the capacity factor can be calculated from the yearly output.
1299:
to specify the requirements for interconnection to the transmission grid. This will include the
13924:
13767:
13639:
11972:
11835:
11618:
11507:
11357:
11273:
11229:
11144:
11096:
11061:
10978:
10826:
10821:
10585:
9833:
9729:
9656:
9646:
9527:
9465:
3686:
3651:
3543:
3527:
3441:
3323:
3310:
3225:
2971:
2933:
2754:
2677:
2523:
1249:
943:
649:
458:
443:
391:
252:
172:
7488:
5753:
5442:
3929:
2901:
economy of rural communities by providing income to farmers with wind turbines on their land.
13721:
13716:
13511:
13452:
12107:
11875:
11870:
11850:
11362:
11264:
11234:
11194:
11189:
11179:
11174:
11164:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11036:
11016:
10993:
10937:
10620:
10615:
10580:
10565:
10532:
10475:
10470:
9773:
9564:
9119:
8942:"Why onshore wind, not fracking, offers Boris Johnson a better weapon against Vladimir Putin"
4383:
3691:
3523:
3453:
3179:
3135:
3096:
3052:
3009:
2992:
2960:
2947:. Measuring 3 m in diameter and 5 m high, it has a nameplate rating of 6.5 kW.
2886:
2492:
There is no generally accepted maximum level of wind penetration. The limit for a particular
2450:
1427:
1327:
1103:
1071:
869:
834:
783:, analysts say it should expand much faster – by over 1% of electricity generation per year.
493:
438:
428:
267:
182:
31:
12349:
9367:"Saubere Energie unaufhaltsam, EU beschleunigt Windkraft-Ausbau, Luchse zurück nach Sachsen"
8178:"Most Americans support expanding solar and wind energy, but Republican support has dropped"
6589:
5316:
2481:
2456:
The actual amount of electric power that wind can generate is calculated by multiplying the
13915:
13887:
13852:
13779:
13579:
13516:
13334:
13155:
11701:
11463:
11300:
11290:
11259:
11254:
11244:
11239:
11224:
11184:
11169:
11111:
11101:
11091:
11076:
11021:
10965:
10667:
10570:
10480:
10465:
10221:
10194:
10172:
10079:
10012:
9761:
9691:
9636:
9312:
8689:
8218:
7997:
7735:
7390:
7258:
7223:
7032:
6867:
6307:
6088:
5951:"UK energy titan SSE says low wind, driest conditions in 70 years hit renewable generation"
4673:
4564:
4298:
4188:
4069:
3701:
3539:
3500:
3106:
resist this but governments say that rules protecting biodiversity will still be followed.
2959:. Wind turbines have been used for household electric power generation in conjunction with
2689:
fell due to the lowest winds in seventy years, In the future, smoothing peaks by producing
1099:
923:
627:
522:
366:
272:
132:
9335:
9179:
Price, Trevor J (3 May 2005). "James Blyth – Britain's First Modern Wind Power Engineer".
8192:"FACT SHEET: Biden Administration Jumpstarts Offshore Wind Energy Projects to Create Jobs"
6854:
Dunnett, Sebastian; Holland, Robert A.; Taylor, Gail; Eigenbrod, Felix (8 February 2022).
5981:"'UK's largest electrolyser' could fuel hundreds of bus journeys with wind power each day"
4965:
4750:
Demeo, E.A.; Grant, W.; Milligan, M.R.; Schuerger, M.J. (2005). "Wind plant integration".
2830:
are now manufactured, and then assembled on-site to reduce difficulties in transportation.
8:
13972:
13910:
13818:
13806:
13696:
13649:
13457:
13380:
13106:
12897:
12072:
11905:
11805:
11780:
11733:
11542:
11532:
11497:
11352:
11249:
11214:
11204:
11051:
11041:
11026:
10988:
10983:
10973:
10955:
10864:
10816:
10774:
10649:
10575:
10527:
10485:
10426:
10300:
10243:
10165:
10138:
9823:
9686:
9661:
9253:
9032:
6370:
Transmission and Wind Energy: Capturing the Prevailing Winds for the Benefit of Customers
4726:"As the grid adds wind power, researchers have to reengineer recovery from power outages"
3681:
3573:
watts of electrical power from as little wind speed as 10 miles per hour (16 km/h).
3279:
2853:
2746:
2713:
2563:
2438:
1903:
1462:
1453:
1431:
1366:
1219:
1173:
768:
448:
314:
297:
242:
97:
85:
8693:
8222:
8155:
8001:
7739:
7394:
7351:
7262:
7227:
7196:
Hosansky, David (1 April 2011). "Wind Power: Is wind energy good for the environment?".
7146:
6871:
6311:
6092:
5850:
4677:
4568:
4302:
4192:
4073:
3396:
energy and are used in many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on
900:
13920:
13905:
13835:
13791:
13681:
13267:
13172:
12927:
12259:
11946:
11557:
11046:
11003:
10600:
10280:
10258:
10248:
10084:
9196:
8675:"Understanding 'local' opposition to wind development in the UK How big is a backyard?"
8533:
8234:
8031:
7761:
7538:
7513:
7416:
6984:
6898:
6855:
6697:
6333:
6214:
6117:
6076:
4802:
4767:
4646:
4204:
4095:
3508:
3221:
3213:
2914:
2656:
2640:
ever-higher levels of renewables is being successfully demonstrated in the real world.
2457:
880:
815:
787:
329:
157:
67:
39:
8795:
Ben Hoen, Jason P. Brown, Thomas Jackson, Ryan Wiser, Mark Thayer and Peter Cappers. "
2441:, global installed wind power capacity reached more than 730 GW. But to help meet the
1331:
13892:
13356:
13262:
13235:
13082:
13032:
12968:
12922:
12843:
12307:
12097:
11977:
11582:
11392:
10883:
10852:
10507:
10389:
10182:
10007:
9868:
9828:
9798:
9783:
9756:
9666:
9569:
9509:
9499:
9290:
9200:
9153:
9131:
9036:
8646:
8544:
8325:
8238:
8023:
7765:
7753:
7572:
7543:
7492:
7481:
7420:
7408:
7274:
7096:
6988:
6903:
6885:
6396:
6337:
6325:
6122:
6104:
6057:
5754:
Realisable Scenarios for a Future Electricity Supply based 100% on Renewable Energies
5296:
4636:
4552:
4208:
4099:
4087:
4006:"Levelized Cost Of Energy, Levelized Cost Of Storage, and Levelized Cost Of Hydrogen"
3953:
3612:
3504:
3405:
2925:
2841:
2660:
2609:, and (at high penetration levels) could require an increase in the already existing
2606:
2501:
1380:
1351:
1304:
1075:
826:
403:
319:
8813:
8009:
7959:
7320:"Sioux Falls landfill tightens rules after Iowa dumps dozens of wind turbine blades"
6560:"Direct Federal Financial Interventions and Subsidies in Energy in Fiscal Year 2010"
6017:
4771:
4034:
2771:
The energy needed to build a wind farm divided into the total output over its life,
13842:
13801:
13784:
13671:
13569:
13101:
13005:
12889:
12320:
12046:
11987:
11691:
11686:
11663:
11572:
11512:
10696:
10341:
10315:
10310:
10290:
10275:
10116:
10106:
9886:
9813:
9549:
9188:
8697:
8623:
8226:
8035:
8013:
8005:
7743:
7561:
7533:
7525:
7398:
7266:
7231:
6976:
6893:
6875:
6746:
6392:
Wind Energy for Power Generation: Meeting the Challenge of Practical Implementation
6315:
6196:
6112:
6096:
6047:
6011:"Variability of Wind Power and other Renewables: Management Options and Strategies"
5259:"Cost and Performance Assumptions for Modeling Electricity Generation Technologies"
4806:
4794:
4759:
4685:
4681:
4650:
4628:
4572:
4316:
4306:
4196:
4077:
3943:
3661:
3558:
3519:
3462:
3409:
3235:
Despite this general support for the concept of wind power in the public at large,
3103:
2956:
2952:
2734:
2698:
2578:
2562:
Wind turbines are typically installed in windy locations. In the image, wind power
1087:
791:
510:
505:
339:
324:
285:
237:
212:
152:
51:
8729:
8279:
7862:"Americans don't hate living near solar and wind farms as much as you might think"
7511:
7379:"The complex end-of-life of wind turbine blades: A review of the European context"
7270:
6980:
6701:
website, 26 May 2014, and in print on 27 May 2014, p. A19 of the New York edition.
5468:"New research shows Wind turbines, configured right, could provide grid stability"
5036:"Breaking News: China & USA Joint Declaration On Climate Action Collaboration"
4455:
4287:"Using bias-corrected reanalysis to simulate current and future wind power output"
3458:
1504:
13859:
13825:
13711:
13691:
13601:
13250:
13216:
13150:
12947:
12932:
12077:
12036:
12014:
11895:
11865:
11830:
11790:
11592:
10806:
10801:
10759:
10370:
10351:
10265:
10032:
9947:
9803:
9793:
9778:
9736:
9641:
9591:
9542:
9273:
9266:
9248:
9219:
9028:
9019:
8880:
8863:
8839:
8820:
8803:
8756:
8736:
8567:
8540:
7629:
7568:
7466:
7235:
7179:
7124:
6717:
6692:
6546:
6523:
6376:
6320:
6295:
6250:
5829:
5809:
5760:
5526:
5303:
5284:
5265:
5018:
4972:
4506:
4487:
4436:
4311:
4286:
4267:
4243:
4200:
3656:
3577:
3554:
3547:
3535:
3392:
3263:
3244:
2920:
2632:
2574:
2535:
2493:
2461:
2442:
1320:
1150:
860:
819:
776:
753:
262:
217:
147:
9430:
9316:. Vol. 11, no. 561. Queensland, Australia. 16 December 1933. p. 5
8973:. UK Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform. Archived from
8701:
8484:"Misinformation is derailing renewable energy projects across the United States"
8230:
6559:
5493:
2966:
Examples of small-scale wind power projects in an urban setting can be found in
2496:
will depend on the existing generating plants, pricing mechanisms, capacity for
1256:
substation, this medium-voltage electric current is increased in voltage with a
13900:
13847:
13757:
13676:
13661:
13656:
13608:
13496:
13292:
13240:
13223:
13057:
12102:
12092:
11890:
11502:
10781:
10769:
10718:
10346:
10295:
10270:
10074:
10039:
9972:
9962:
9878:
9858:
9853:
9838:
9808:
9788:
9746:
9724:
9706:
9606:
9596:
9532:
9192:
9115:
9006:
8256:
7748:
7723:
7403:
7378:
6434:
6100:
5531:
4632:
4321:
4082:
4057:
3586:
3433:
3387:
3198:
3187:
2985:
Off-grid system users can either adapt to intermittent power or use batteries,
2940:
2882:
2872:
was 4% per year from 2016 to 2021, compared to 10% per year from 2009 to 2021.
2800:
2690:
2553:
2497:
2253:
1964:
1384:
1355:
807:
632:
605:
578:
546:
529:
408:
197:
167:
6077:"Geophysical constraints on the reliability of solar and wind power worldwide"
5642:
5258:
4798:
4785:
Zavadil, R.; Miller, N.; Ellis, A.; Muljadi, E. (2005). "Making connections".
4763:
4625:
IECON 2014 – 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
3479:
into the wind. Wind-powered machines used to grind grain and pump water, the
2982:
a retail credit for the microgenerators' owners to offset their energy costs.
13961:
13864:
13701:
13591:
13548:
13329:
13206:
13092:
13042:
12906:
12196:
12122:
11910:
11795:
11775:
11706:
11696:
11653:
11537:
11492:
11420:
10895:
10749:
10590:
10394:
10253:
10213:
10177:
10133:
10059:
10022:
9940:
9863:
9631:
9626:
9579:
9559:
9307:
8974:
7412:
6889:
6329:
6200:
6108:
6061:
4091:
3957:
3640:
3476:
3183:
3045:
2967:
2792:
2614:
2605:
nature of wind energy production can raise costs for regulation, incremental
2586:
2380:
2313:
2099:
1474:
1307:, and the dynamic behaviour of the wind farm turbines during a system fault.
644:
610:
517:
500:
381:
371:
222:
9392:
7214:
Sovacool, B. K. (2013). "The avian benefits of wind energy: A 2009 update".
6880:
4822:"Floating wind turbines could open up vast ocean tracts for renewable power"
3978:
3948:
2970:, where, since 2009, several building projects have capped their roofs with
13666:
13624:
13400:
13351:
13287:
13143:
13047:
12292:
12272:
12244:
12142:
12117:
11982:
11951:
11765:
11567:
10791:
10552:
10490:
10150:
10094:
10044:
10027:
9848:
9621:
9554:
8457:
8027:
7757:
7591:
7547:
7514:"Health, Economy, and Environment: Sustainable Energy Choices for a Nation"
7324:
7278:
7120:"Department defends 500ft windfarm in protected Area of Outstanding Beauty"
6907:
6768:"Wind, Solar-Powered Street Lights Only Need a Charge Once Every Four Days"
6126:
4700:"ScottishPower in 'pioneering world first' after wind farm black-out boost"
4441:
3421:
3397:
3383:
3275:
3079:
turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not supported these claims.
3051:
Onshore wind farms can have a significant visual impact. Due to a very low
2986:
2845:
2567:
1768:
1300:
1244:
745:
583:
468:
137:
102:
8312:. Renewableenergyaccess.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007
7377:
Beauson, J.; Laurent, A.; Rudolph, D. P.; Pagh Jensen, J. (1 March 2022).
5802:
3514:
The first windmill used for the production of electric power was built in
1399:
Near offshore wind farms may be connected by AC and far offshore by HVDC.
13762:
13706:
13528:
13506:
13501:
13368:
13245:
13211:
13199:
13087:
13010:
12338:
12330:
12228:
11967:
11935:
11728:
11716:
11636:
11562:
11552:
11482:
11030:
10632:
10155:
10121:
9995:
9985:
9928:
9911:
9896:
9843:
9741:
8998:
6686:
Turbines Popping Up on New York Roofs, Along With Questions of Efficiency
5729:"Answers to the UK's wind energy storage issues are emerging – NS Energy"
4174:"A 32-year perspective on the origin of wind energy in a warming climate"
3928:
Jones, Nathan F.; Pejchar, Liba; Kiesecker, Joseph M. (22 January 2015).
3779:
3492:
3416:
2863:
In 2021, a Lazard study of unsubsidized electricity said that wind power
2796:
2652:
2005:
1752:
1282:
1257:
841:
799:
588:
463:
413:
376:
359:
344:
162:
10906:
4430:
Winds Of Change Blow Through China As Spending On Renewable Energy Soars
13869:
13686:
13644:
13586:
13555:
13194:
13126:
13037:
13000:
12297:
12277:
11930:
11925:
11721:
11577:
11432:
10796:
10627:
10111:
10017:
9957:
9651:
8065:"Opposition to wind farm plans because of negative impact on 'tourism'"
6751:
6734:
6052:
6035:
4247:
3934:
3333:
3166:
3072:
2582:
2514:
1601:
1415:
1083:
749:
598:
418:
386:
349:
334:
117:
7783:"Explainer: What is offshore wind and what does its future look like?"
7529:
6360:, June 2012. Quote: "wind is capital intensive, but has no fuel costs"
6264:"World's largest offshore wind turbine maker warns of price pressures"
4553:"Optimal turbine spacing in fully developed wind farm boundary layers"
3017:
2631:
are often used to balance hourly and shorter timescale variation, but
1532:
Number of countries with wind capacities in the gigawatt-scale by year
1503:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
13752:
13634:
13442:
13437:
13415:
13304:
13297:
13116:
13111:
13018:
12995:
11646:
11641:
11527:
11487:
10637:
10519:
10199:
10126:
10000:
9980:
9952:
9891:
9216:"World First for Scotland Gives Engineering Student a History Lesson"
6720:
6655:
5494:"Low winds blamed for fall in Scotland's renewable energy production"
4956:
Power System Analysis and Design. Glover, Sarma, Overbye/ 5th Edition
3566:
3484:
3021:
2823:
2807:
2759:
2139:
1912:
1653:
1296:
1115:
732:
energy to generate useful work. Historically, wind power was used by
453:
433:
202:
112:
12858:
11401:
7352:"Renewable energy: The upcycled wind turbines getting a second life"
6950:"Swedish flatpack wood turbines could give wind power a green boost"
5906:"Turkish Cengiz evaluates expansion of its giant hybrid power plant"
5404:"BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2016 – Renewable energy"
5233:"COP26: How much is spent supporting fossil fuels and green energy?"
5232:
5208:"Fossil fuel subsidies and renewable energies in MENA: An oxymoron?"
4986:"From West to East: The Charged Challenge of Delivering Electricity"
4445:, 19 March 2012, revised on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
3620:
3593:
of the year, marking a growth of 13% compared to the previous year.
3208:
2783:
1456:
and wind power, are providing an increasing share of power capacity.
763:
of electricity, which was 7.8% of world electricity. With about 100
680:
13879:
13447:
13373:
13314:
13309:
13257:
13167:
13138:
13131:
13121:
13052:
13026:
13022:
13014:
12282:
12267:
12249:
11760:
10703:
10502:
9935:
9916:
9901:
9601:
7092:"Permission to build five turbine wind farm at Kilranelagh refused"
7068:
6493:"China's 2022 Wind Power Growth to Stay Strong Despite Subsidy End"
6034:
Santhosh, Madasthu; Venkaiah, Chintham; Kumar, D. M. Vinod (2020).
5574:"Power To Gas Technology Turns Excess Wind Energy Into Natural Gas"
4576:
3874:"Expansion of wind and solar power too slow to stop climate change"
3531:
3515:
3496:
3480:
3292:
2509:
locations with geographically dispersed wind farms, some degree of
2434:
1991:
1687:
1662:
1388:
1136:
764:
741:
737:
593:
478:
473:
127:
122:
92:
44:
2655:
tends to be complementary to wind. On daily to weekly timescales,
2558:
1044:{\displaystyle P={\tfrac {1}{2}}Mv^{2}={\tfrac {1}{2}}\rho Av^{3}}
852:
13747:
13543:
13538:
13484:
13390:
13319:
13162:
12963:
12287:
11681:
11671:
11415:
10713:
10690:
10685:
10069:
9611:
7596:
7007:
Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment
6732:
5547:"The Challenge for Green Energy: How to Store Excess Electricity"
5287:
This 660 kW wind turbine has a capacity factor of about 19%.
5181:"UNDP: More spent on fossil fuel subsidies than fighting poverty"
4931:
Action, BMWK-Federal Ministry for Economics Affairs and Climate.
4509:. Business-standard.com (11 May 2012). Retrieved on 20 July 2016.
3634:
3585:
that provide electric power to national electrical networks. The
3347:
3171:
3061:
2944:
2340:
2079:
2059:
1849:
1831:
1804:
1777:
1743:
1671:
1637:
1592:
856:
Global map of wind speed at 100 meters on land and around coasts.
615:
573:
309:
292:
11387:
10847:
9078:
7376:
4146:
3606:
2741:
Alternatively, where a suitable head of water is not available,
1403:
making it harder to transport large loads over large distances.
13596:
13561:
13385:
13341:
13189:
12987:
11676:
10728:
10723:
10708:
10595:
9616:
9537:
9488:
8833:
Wind Farms Are Not Only Beautiful, They're Absolutely Necessary
7860:
Chiu, Allyson; Guskin, Emily; Clement, Scott (3 October 2023).
7669:"Chinese Offshore Wind Capacity Boom Driven By State Subsidies"
7623:"Wind Turbine Sound and Health Effects: An Expert Panel Review"
6352:
Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series: Wind Power
5520:
Molten Aluminum Lakes Offer Power Storage for German Wind Farms
5372:"BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2016 – Electricity"
5268:, US National Renewable Energy Laboratory, November 2010, p.63.
4116:
3262:
Wind cannot be cut off unlike oil and gas so can contribute to
3123:
2806:
Northern Eurasia, Canada, some parts of the United States, and
2538:, for example by remotely turning up water heater thermostats.
2235:
2226:
2206:
2168:
2159:
1946:
1937:
1921:
1883:
1867:
1858:
1822:
1795:
1714:
1628:
1619:
1285:
is possible and is being further developed for places (such as
304:
4261:
New Global Wind Atlas to be presented at WindEurope Conference
4056:
Nyenah, Emmanuel; Sterl, Sebastian; Thiery, Wim (1 May 2022).
1519:
Log graph of global wind power cumulative capacity (Data:GWEC)
13629:
13469:
13395:
13182:
12379:
10418:
8771:"Town Councilor regrets High Sheldon Wind Farm (Sheldon, NY)"
8586:"CPRE calls for action over 'proliferation' of wind turbines"
8561:"Wind farm to be built near a Northamptonshire heritage site"
6853:
6590:"WINDExchange: Wind Energy's Economic Impacts to Communities"
6467:"As Wind Power Sector Grows, Turbine Makers Feel the Squeeze"
6292:
5441:. American Solar Energy Society. January 2007. Archived from
5066:"Share of cumulative power capacity by technology, 2010–2027"
4975:. Pressherald.com (4 August 2013). Retrieved on 20 July 2016.
3511:, wind pumps provided water for livestock and steam engines.
3412:, and other systems to start, stop, and control the turbine.
3251:
3149:
2400:
2322:
2293:
2273:
2186:
2041:
2032:
2014:
1982:
1973:
1734:
1696:
733:
539:
8750:
Testing the Waters: Gaining Public Support for Offshore Wind
8630:
3437:
by the strength required to resist the forces on the blade.
1070:, it is possible to estimate wind power potential globally,
30:"Wind energy" redirects here. For the academic journal, see
13574:
13430:
13425:
13405:
13279:
13230:
13074:
12315:
11631:
9990:
9923:
9906:
9574:
8645:. section 6.8, p. 22, Danish Energy Agency. November 2009.
7697:"Floating wind could be the key to clean energy transition"
7512:
Gohlke JM et al. Environmental Health Perspectives (2008).
6451:
4749:
4378:(1): 21–25. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015.
3488:
3064:
in areas known for natural landscapes and panoramic views.
1286:
972:, and the power transfer, or energy transfer per second is
729:
637:
9150:
Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology
5617:"Managing wind volatility in Ireland with demand response"
3099:
by some governments are slowing the growth of renewables.
1267:
13533:
13177:
9457:
4902:"World's Largest Offshore Wind Farm Fully Up and Running"
4845:"Offshore wind power – Advantages and disadvantages"
4784:
2787:
Onshore wind cost per kilowatt-hour between 1983 and 2017
2659:
tend to bring clear skies and low surface winds, whereas
2430:
760:
9276:, Danish Wind Industry Association. Accessed 2 May 2007.
9079:
Zehnder, Alan T. & Warhaft, Zellman (27 July 2011).
8912:"Wind industry should avoid branding opponents "Nimbys""
7469:. GE Reports (2 August 2014). Retrieved on 20 July 2016.
3465:'s windmill of 1888, used for generating electric power.
3444:, tower structure, generator, controls, and foundation.
2976:
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
2738:
and virtually no loss of energy and uses no more water.
1387:
is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 1,218
9438:
8730:
Tilting at Windmills: Public Opinion Toward Wind Energy
7810:"Biden wants to launch 16 offshore wind farms. Can he?"
5345:
5306:
These wind farms have capacity factors of about 28–35%.
9285:"History of Wind Energy" in Cutler J. Cleveland (ed.)
6621:
5072:. International Energy Agency (IEA). 5 December 2022.
4285:
Staffell, Iain; Pfenninger, Stefan (1 November 2016).
2998:
1394:
1289:) which generate most of their electricity from wind.
1014:
986:
7294:"How to manage future waste from wind turbine blades"
7147:"Building wind farms 'could destroy Welsh landscape'"
6033:
5669:"The batteries that could make fossil fuels obsolete"
5078:
Source states "Fossil fuel capacity from IEA (2022),
4033:. DTU Technical University of Denmark. Archived from
3927:
3667:
List of countries by renewable electricity production
3220:
Some wind farms have become tourist attractions. The
3038:
life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources
2693:
may help when wind has a larger share of generation.
1421:
978:
946:
926:
903:
883:
7003:"What are the pros and cons of onshore wind energy?"
6566:. Energy Information Administration. 1 August 2011.
6074:
5878:. Green Energy Ohio. 10 January 2008. Archived from
5865:
4111:
4109:
3902:"What are the pros and cons of onshore wind energy?"
3602:
3475:
Wind power has been used as long as humans have put
3471:
Renewable energy commercialization § Wind_power
2875:
2617:, storage solutions, or system interconnection with
9422:
5796:
5794:
1106:can be used as a less accurate, but simpler model.
9054:"What factors affect the output of wind turbines?"
8672:
8452:
8450:
7853:
7480:
6189:International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing
6175:Energy return on investment (EROI) for wind energy
5278:Massachusetts Maritime Academy — Bourne, Mass
5205:
4404:"Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution"
4284:
3032:from wind power is minor when compared to that of
1043:
964:
932:
912:
889:
8673:Jones, Christopher R.; Richard Eiser, J. (2010).
8423:"New standard and big investment for wind energy"
7859:
7435:"These bike shelters are made from wind turbines"
7067:. British Wind Energy Association. Archived from
6816:
6186:
4813:
4551:Meyers, Johan; Meneveau, Charles (1 March 2012).
4106:
4055:
3923:
3921:
3919:
2813:
2534:. Homes and businesses can also be programmed to
13959:
8128:. Dsc.discovery.com. 26 May 2009. Archived from
6427:
5839:
5823:Wind + sun join forces at Washington power plant
5791:
4388:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4372:University Journal of Engineering and Technology
3240:statistical evidence that prices were affected.
3180:direct community ownership of wind farm projects
8825:
8447:
7724:"Why fossil fuel subsidies are so hard to kill"
6860:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5571:
5290:
5123:"GWEC, Global Wind Report Annual Market Update"
3815:"Wind energy generation vs. installed capacity"
2485:Share of electricity production from wind, 2022
12226:
9218:. The Robert Gordon University. Archived from
9056:. Alternative-energy-news.info. 24 July 2009.
8739:. Wind-works.org. Retrieved on 1 October 2013.
8347:"Wind Power: MidAmerican's Intrepid Wind Farm"
8154:. Eon-uk.com. 28 February 2008. Archived from
7980:
7958:. Eon-uk.com. 28 February 2008. Archived from
6969:International Journal of Environmental Studies
4550:
3916:
3845:"Global wind industry breezes into new record"
3250:Some opposition to wind farms is dismissed as
3030:environmental impact of electricity generation
12874:
12365:
12212:
11448:
10922:
10434:
9473:
8768:
6660:Illustrated history of wind power development
6540:Annual Wind Industry Report, Year Ending 2008
6464:
6237:
6159:
5747:
5544:
5206:Mohseni-Cheraghlou, Amin (23 February 2021).
4933:"Connecting offshore wind energy to the grid"
706:
7924:"A Summary of Opinion Surveys on Wind Power"
7918:
7916:
7248:
6925:"How Wind Energy Can Help Us Breathe Easier"
6799:"The kites seeking the world's surest winds"
5271:
5149:"bp Statistical Review of World Energy 2020"
5058:
4171:
9003:Introduction to the Theory of Flow Machines
8849:
8375:. Agl.com.au. 19 March 2008. Archived from
8349:. Environmentpsychology.com. Archived from
8208:
6244:"Onshore wind to reach grid parity by 2016"
5317:"Share of electricity production from wind"
5115:
5004:
4819:
4622:
4362:
4172:Huang, Junling; McElroy, Michael B (2015).
3981:. Global Wind Energy Council. 19 March 2020
3743:
3741:
3190:and the opinions of the broader community.
2963:storage over many decades in remote areas.
12881:
12867:
12372:
12358:
12219:
12205:
11455:
11441:
10929:
10915:
10441:
10427:
9480:
9466:
9324:– via National Library of Australia.
9257:, Vol. 63 No. 25, 20 December 1890, p. 54.
9124:Islamic Technology: An illustrated history
8509:"Advantages and Challenges of Wind Energy"
8458:"Wind Energy Opposition and Action Groups"
8280:"Wind Turbulence over turbines in Cumbria"
8019:11370/e2c2a869-d1b6-4c61-ac35-2df8596a2402
7478:
7291:
6704:
6430:"A Banner Year for the U.S. Wind Industry"
5428:
5012:Wind Energy Bumps Into Power Grid's Limits
4872:"Cutting the cost of offshore wind energy"
4869:
4591:"Making of the modern offshore substation"
3896:
3894:
3216:with Lochgoin Reservoir in the foreground.
1277:-capabilities. Modern turbines use either
873:Global map of wind power density potential
713:
699:
74:
12381:Renewable energy by country and territory
10936:
9174:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9081:"University Collaboration on Wind Energy"
8574:, 14 March 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
8096:"Wind Farm Opposition in the Great Lakes"
8017:
7913:
7747:
7721:
7537:
7402:
7317:
6897:
6879:
6750:
6723:22 June 2008 Retrieved on 10 January 2013
6684:Chanban, Matt A.V.; Delaquérière, Alain.
6656:"Part 2 – 20th Century Developments"
6319:
6177:. The Encyclopedia of Earth (7 June 2007)
6116:
6051:
4320:
4310:
4237:Mapping the World's Wind Energy Potential
4081:
3947:
3212:A panoramic view of the United Kingdom's
2908:
1295:will supply a wind farm developer with a
11462:
9453:Current global map of wind power density
9088:Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future
8909:
7894:. Renewable Energy House. Archived from
7807:
7584:
7383:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
7213:
7195:
7065:"Wind energy Frequently Asked Questions"
6604:"Wind energy industry – employment 2020"
6538:American Wind Energy Association (2009)
6133:
4663:
4618:
4616:
3738:
3589:is working to augment these prospects.
3457:
3372:
3291:
3207:
3165:
3136:direct community ownership of wind farms
3113:
3036:. Wind turbines have some of the lowest
3016:
3008:
2924:
2817:
2782:
2723:
2642:
2573:
2557:
2480:
1569:Growing number of wind gigawatt-markets
868:
859:
851:
847:
818:have less visual impact and have higher
50:
38:
9443:of World Wind Energy Association (WWEA)
9267:A Wind Energy Pioneer: Charles F. Brush
8534:Wind Farms: The facts and the fallacies
8532:The Australia Institute (October 2006)
8093:
7883:
7881:
7879:
7621:Colby, W. David et al. (December 2009)
7209:
7207:
6962:
6534:
6532:
6510:
5948:
5815:
5803:https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-16-119-2019
5033:
4894:
4842:
4595:Windpower Engineering & Development
3891:
2822:A turbine blade convoy passing through
1268:Generator characteristics and stability
1074:or region, or for a specific site. The
14:
13960:
10100:Integrated gasification combined cycle
9364:
9213:
9165:
9060:from the original on 29 September 2018
8777:from the original on 24 September 2015
8435:from the original on 18 September 2008
8428:. Publish.csiro.au. 17 December 2007.
8344:
8277:
7722:Timperley, Jocelyn (20 October 2021).
7641:
7311:
6919:
6917:
6849:
6847:
6822:
5849:. Seco.cpa.state.tx.us. Archived from
5735:from the original on 10 September 2021
5161:from the original on 19 September 2020
3319:Wind orientation control (yaw control)
1310:
208:List of low-energy building techniques
12888:
12862:
12353:
12200:
11436:
10910:
10422:
10144:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
9819:Quantum chromodynamics binding energy
9461:
9346:from the original on 15 December 2019
9178:
9147:
8809:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
8106:from the original on 16 November 2021
8075:from the original on 16 November 2021
8045:from the original on 18 February 2019
7808:Richards, Heather (1 December 2022).
7642:Buljan, Adrijana (11 November 2022).
7332:from the original on 24 November 2021
7292:Journalist, Energy (29 August 2022).
6827:. Uinta County Herald. Archived from
6778:from the original on 17 November 2011
6473:from the original on 11 November 2017
6409:from the original on 24 November 2021
6357:International Renewable Energy Agency
6344:
6225:from the original on 19 November 2020
6215:"Onshore wind cost per kilowatt-hour"
6141:"Dinorwig Hydroelectric Plant, Wales"
5991:from the original on 22 November 2021
5961:from the original on 11 November 2021
5709:from the original on 26 February 2021
5141:
5076:from the original on 4 February 2023.
5046:from the original on 12 November 2021
5034:Barnard, Michael (11 November 2021).
4959:
4820:Rosa-Aquino, Paola (29 August 2021).
4613:
4601:from the original on 24 November 2021
4428:Watts, Jonathan & Huang, Cecily.
4062:Environmental Research Communications
3790:from the original on 23 November 2021
3087:
3071:Many wind turbine blades are made of
1452:Renewable energy sources, especially
27:Electrical power generation from wind
10871:
10377:
9449:from the International Energy Agency
9427:of Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)
9390:
9365:Widder, Jonathan (25 October 2023).
8891:from the original on 11 October 2012
8711:from the original on 24 January 2013
8583:
8396:. Environment.gov.au. Archived from
7948:
7876:
7872:from the original on 3 October 2023.
7603:from the original on 18 October 2012
7585:Hamilton, Tyler (15 December 2009).
7204:
7117:
7089:
7025:
6765:
6529:
6517:The 2010 Green-e Verification Report
6379:. National Grid US (September 2006).
5949:Stevens, Pippa (29 September 2021).
5679:from the original on 11 January 2021
5436:"Tackling Climate Change in the U.S"
5352:from the original on 6 November 2020
4912:from the original on 31 January 2020
4882:from the original on 2 December 2012
4851:from the original on 13 October 2018
4832:from the original on 30 August 2021.
4406:. Danish Wind Industry Association.
4218:from the original on 6 February 2015
4153:from the original on 18 January 2019
4127:from the original on 18 January 2019
4000:
3998:
3996:
3868:
3866:
3825:from the original on 19 October 2021
3809:
3807:
3805:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3386:are devices that convert the wind's
3048:, unlike fossil fuel power sources.
1489:
940:, the mass of this volume of air is
10401:
10286:World energy supply and consumption
8922:from the original on 2 January 2012
8855:Aldred, Jessica (10 December 2007)
8278:Arnold, James (20 September 2004).
7632:, Canadian Wind Energy Association.
7575:School of Public Health, April 2015
7427:
7251:Journal of Environmental Management
6914:
6844:
6570:from the original on 1 October 2019
6428:Danielson, David (14 August 2012).
6388:
6143:. Thegreenage.co.uk. Archived from
5416:from the original on 18 August 2016
5129:from the original on 12 August 2019
4870:Millborrow, David (6 August 2010).
4462:from the original on 14 August 2014
3122:Surveys of public attitudes across
2999:Impact on environment and landscape
2429:In 2020, wind supplied almost 1600
1395:Collection and transmission network
1260:for connection to the high voltage
24:
12133:Renewable energy commercialization
7981:Bakker, R.H.; Pedersen, E (2012).
7487:. John Wiley & Sons. pp.
7184:Mountaineering Council of Scotland
7173:Wind farms and tourism in Scotland
6666:from the original on 28 March 2012
6442:from the original on 10 March 2021
5572:Buczynski, Beth (23 August 2012).
5225:
5199:
5173:
5103:from the original on 10 March 2020
5093:"Wind energy generation by region"
4930:
4532:from the original on 18 March 2021
4410:from the original on 2 August 2021
4335:
3672:List of wind turbine manufacturers
3503:, and in arid regions such as the
3058:Mountaineering Council of Scotland
3005:Environmental impact of wind power
2898:socially responsible manufacturers
2868:offshore wind at around $ 83/MWh.
2467:
1422:Wind power capacity and production
759:In 2022, wind supplied over 2,304
25:
13989:
9414:
8910:Donoghue, Andrew (30 July 2009).
8769:Cramer, Glenn (30 October 2009).
7889:"Wind Energy and the Environment"
7518:Environmental Health Perspectives
7045:from the original on 3 March 2016
7013:from the original on 22 June 2019
6796:
6653:
6465:Reed, Stanley (9 November 2017).
6274:from the original on 24 June 2021
6253:, BusinessGreen, 14 November 2011
5932:"Wind Systems Integration Basics"
5553:from the original on 6 April 2013
4843:Hulazan, Ned (16 February 2011).
3993:
3908:. 12 January 2018. Archived from
3863:
3802:
3767:
3296:Typical wind turbine components:
3269:
3203:Campaign to Protect Rural England
3162:Community debate about wind farms
3109:
3060:concluded that wind farms harmed
2972:Gorlov-type helical wind turbines
2894:premium price for the electricity
2876:Incentives and community benefits
2766:
2707:
2671:
13942:
13941:
12842:
12833:
12832:
12397:Democratic Republic of the Congo
12181:
12180:
11601:
11414:
11400:
11386:
10882:
10870:
10859:
10858:
10846:
10400:
10388:
10376:
10365:
10364:
9384:
9358:
9328:
9300:
9279:
9260:
9234:
9207:
9152:, Brill Publishers, p. 65,
9141:
9109:
9072:
9046:
9012:
8992:
8960:
8934:
8903:
8873:
8831:Gourlay, Simon (12 August 2008)
8789:
8762:
8748:Yates, Ysabel (15 October 2012)
8742:
8723:
8666:
8608:
8577:
8554:
8526:
8501:
8476:
8415:
8383:
8365:
8338:
8302:
8290:from the original on 17 May 2014
8271:
8245:
8202:
8184:
8170:
8152:"Public attitudes to wind farms"
8144:
8118:
8087:
8057:
7990:Science of the Total Environment
7974:
7956:"Public attitudes to wind farms"
7827:
7801:
7775:
7715:
7689:
7661:
7635:
7615:
7587:"Wind Gets Clean Bill of Health"
7578:
7554:
7505:
7472:
7453:
7370:
7344:
7285:
7242:
7189:
7165:
7139:
7111:
7083:
7057:
7033:"Why Australia needs wind power"
6995:
6956:
6942:
6790:
6759:
6726:
6711:Home-made energy to prop up grid
6678:
6647:
6635:from the original on 14 May 2013
6596:
6582:
6552:
5666:
4666:Energy Conversion and Management
4344:from the original on 15 May 2012
4338:"How Much Wind Energy is there?"
3749:"Global Electricity Review 2024"
3633:
3619:
3605:
3487:, were developed in what is now
3170:Wind turbines such as these, in
2826:in the U.K. (2008). Even longer
2773:Energy Return on Energy Invested
2687:wind power in the United Kingdom
2399:
2379:
2339:
2321:
2312:
2292:
2272:
2252:
2234:
2225:
2205:
2185:
2167:
2158:
2138:
2098:
2078:
2058:
2040:
2031:
2013:
2004:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1945:
1936:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1882:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1830:
1821:
1803:
1794:
1776:
1767:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1713:
1695:
1686:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1600:
1591:
1494:
1473:
1468:Wind energy generation by region
1461:
1445:
1436:
1339:
1319:
1252:on top of a tall tubular tower.
1228:
1205:
1182:
1159:
679:
666:
665:
143:Energy efficiency implementation
55:Electricity production by source
8596:from the original on 1 May 2012
8592:. Archant community Media Ltd.
8464:from the original on 5 May 2012
8010:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.005
6485:
6458:
6421:
6382:
6363:
6286:
6256:
6207:
6180:
6168:
6068:
6027:
6003:
5973:
5942:
5924:
5898:
5821:Wood, Shelby (21 January 2008)
5766:
5721:
5691:
5660:
5635:
5609:
5584:
5565:
5538:
5512:
5486:
5460:
5396:
5364:
5334:
5309:
5251:
5085:
5027:
5010:Wald, Matthew (26 August 2008)
4978:
4950:
4924:
4863:
4836:
4778:
4743:
4718:
4692:
4657:
4583:
4544:
4512:
4493:
4474:
4448:
4422:
4396:
4356:
4329:
4278:
4272:Technical University of Denmark
4254:
4230:
4165:
4139:
4121:Technical University of Denmark
4049:
4023:
3715:
3306:Connection to the electric grid
2743:pumped-storage hydroelectricity
2720:List of energy storage projects
1080:Technical University of Denmark
794:source, and has a much smaller
399:Ocean thermal energy conversion
10448:
8391:"National Code for Wind Farms"
8094:Schultz, Norm (29 June 2021).
7318:Joe Sneve (4 September 2019).
7090:Dodd, Eimear (27 March 2021).
5592:"What is demand-side response"
5545:Luoma, Jon R. (13 July 2001).
4787:IEEE Power and Energy Magazine
4752:IEEE Power and Energy Magazine
4686:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.037
4520:"Wind Farm Electrical Systems"
3971:
3837:
3429:aerodynamics of a wind turbine
3415:In 1919, the German physicist
3257:
2814:Electric power cost and trends
2541:
2476:
1326:The world's second full-scale
13:
1:
13968:Bright green environmentalism
12128:Renewable Energy Certificates
12088:Cost of electricity by source
12010:Arc-fault circuit interrupter
11886:High-voltage shore connection
10755:Blade element momentum theory
9336:"History of U.S. Wind Energy"
8584:Hill, Chris (30 April 2012).
7271:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.052
6981:10.1080/00207233.2021.2017174
6823:Buller, Erin (11 July 2008).
5576:. Revmodo.com. Archived from
5154:. BP p.l.c. pp. 55, 59.
4847:. Renewable Energy Articles.
3731:
2865:levelized cost of electricity
2836:Cost of electricity by source
2751:compressed air energy storage
1293:Transmission system operators
1109:
228:Passive solar building design
12907:Pollution / quality
12143:Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread
11941:Transmission system operator
11901:Mains electricity by country
11478:Automatic generation control
10745:2020s in wind power research
9018:Burton, Tony, et al., (ed).
8968:"Efficiency and performance"
8887:. Toronto. 20 October 2008.
7236:10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.074
6662:. TelosNet Web Development.
6389:Rao, K.R (17 October 2019).
6321:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120467
5643:"Demand Response – Analysis"
4312:10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.068
4201:10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.045
3526:, Glasgow (the precursor of
3155:
3024:grazing near a wind turbine.
2778:
1279:doubly fed electric machines
1223:
1200:
1177:
1154:
7:
12168:List of electricity sectors
12163:Electric energy consumption
11881:High-voltage direct current
11856:Electric power transmission
11846:Electric power distribution
11523:Energy return on investment
11407:Renewable energy portal
10765:Energy return on investment
9242:Mr. Brush's Windmill Dynamo
9001:; Randall, D. G. (trans.).
8702:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.01.051
8231:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.055
7460:How Loud Is A Wind Turbine?
7118:Kula, Adam (9 April 2021).
6016:. IEA. 2005. Archived from
5082:. IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0."
3677:List of offshore wind farms
3596:
3542:developed by the Frenchman
3082:
2870:Compound annual growth rate
2668:are becoming more popular.
2526:is sent to the rest of the
2410:
2407:
1371:List of offshore wind farms
1262:electric power transmission
786:Wind power is considered a
686:Renewable energy portal
404:Renewable energy transition
10:
13994:
12083:Carbon offsets and credits
11801:Three-phase electric power
9487:
9397:Global Wind Energy Council
9193:10.1260/030952405774354921
9128:Cambridge University Press
8126:"Community Power Empowers"
7749:10.1038/d41586-021-02847-2
7560:Professor Simon Chapman. "
7404:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111847
6766:Kart, Jeff (13 May 2009).
6101:10.1038/s41467-021-26355-z
4633:10.1109/IECON.2014.7049205
3501:polders of the Netherlands
3468:
3451:
3447:
3283:
3273:
3159:
3002:
2937:vertical axis wind turbine
2918:
2912:
2833:
2717:
2711:
2675:
2595:intermittent power sources
2581:: an onshore wind farm in
2551:
2545:
2437:added during 2020, mostly
1480:Wind generation by country
1425:
1364:
1354:by 2050 pathway to combat
1243:A wind farm is a group of
1120:List of onshore wind farms
1113:
767:added during 2021, mostly
29:
13937:
13878:
13743:
13736:
13617:
13478:Types / location
13477:
13468:
13278:
13073:
12986:
12956:
12905:
12896:
12828:
12797:
12761:
12725:
12648:
12540:
12533:
12440:
12387:
12329:
12306:
12258:
12235:
12176:
12151:
12138:Renewable Energy Payments
12061:
11998:
11960:
11814:
11751:
11662:
11627:Fossil fuel power station
11617:
11610:
11599:
11470:
11380:
11335:
11314:
11283:
11110:
11002:
10964:
10948:
10944:
10840:
10812:Variable renewable energy
10737:
10676:
10648:
10551:
10518:
10456:
10360:
10334:
10210:
10090:Fossil fuel power station
10058:
9971:
9877:
9752:Electric potential energy
9717:
9697:Thermodynamic temperature
9677:Thermodynamic free energy
9672:Thermodynamic equilibrium
9518:
9495:
9433:from Project Regeneration
9393:"Global Wind Report 2024"
8620:Scottish Power Renewables
8566:26 September 2018 at the
8543:Discussion Paper No. 91,
8345:Fisher, Jeanette (2006).
8330:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
7178:21 September 2020 at the
6629:"Small-scale wind energy"
6395:. Springer Nature, 2019.
5257:Rick Tidball and others,
5080:World Energy Outlook 2022
4799:10.1109/MPAE.2005.1524618
4764:10.1109/MPAE.2005.1524619
4266:25 September 2018 at the
4242:25 September 2018 at the
3979:"Global Wind Report 2019"
3538:, and was used to charge
3286:Wind-turbine aerodynamics
3134:In other cases, there is
3042:greenhouse gas is emitted
2666:Wind hybrid power systems
2548:Variable renewable energy
2532:variable renewable energy
1379:As of November 2021, the
1376:are considerably higher.
1125:Large onshore wind farms
965:{\displaystyle M=\rho Av}
816:Wind farms sited offshore
796:impact on the environment
748:, generally grouped into
248:Sustainable refurbishment
11921:Single-wire earth return
11861:Electrical busbar system
11518:Energy demand management
10832:Wind resource assessment
10161:Concentrated solar power
9272:8 September 2008 at the
8881:"Windmills vs. NIMBYism"
8819:18 November 2015 at the
8802:17 November 2015 at the
8639:Wind Turbines in Denmark
8539:25 February 2012 at the
8373:"Stakeholder Engagement"
7483:Wind Energy Comes of Age
7465:15 December 2014 at the
6963:Lothian, Andrew (2022).
6526:Retrieved on 20 May 2009
6201:10.1504/IJSM.2014.062496
5910:Balkan Green Energy News
5808:24 November 2021 at the
5283:11 February 2007 at the
4971:24 November 2021 at the
4083:10.1088/2515-7620/ac71fb
3708:
3697:Wind resource assessment
3563:incandescent light bulbs
3553:Across the Atlantic, in
2795:, wind turbines reached
2733:Typically, conventional
2729:source is not available.
2611:energy demand management
1275:low voltage ride through
1082:in partnership with the
1068:wind resource assessment
920:. If the air density is
233:Sustainable architecture
188:Glass in green buildings
178:Environmental technology
108:Compact fluorescent lamp
12052:Residual-current device
12042:Power system protection
12032:Generator interlock kit
9702:Volume (thermodynamics)
9682:Thermodynamic potential
9585:Mass–energy equivalence
8755:19 January 2013 at the
8735:18 January 2013 at the
8253:"Wind Farms in Cumbria"
6881:10.1073/pnas.2104764119
6545:13 January 2013 at the
6249:17 January 2012 at the
5828:18 January 2012 at the
4481:Terra-Gen Press Release
3780:"Wind Power – Analysis"
3627:Renewable energy portal
2629:Utility-scale batteries
2536:vary electricity demand
2365: Above 100-GW mark
1197:Alta (Oak Creek-Mojave)
1091:modeling capabilities.
812:dispatchable generation
554:Human-powered transport
258:Tropical green building
193:Green building and wood
11836:Distributed generation
11508:Electric power quality
10827:Wind profile power law
10822:Wind power forecasting
9657:Quantum thermodynamics
9647:Laws of thermodynamics
9528:Conservation of energy
9447:Dynamic Data Dashboard
9391:Alex (15 April 2024).
9287:Encyclopedia of Energy
9214:Shackleton, Jonathan.
9027:5 January 2016 at the
8838:5 October 2013 at the
6716:18 August 2014 at the
5703:Renewable Energy World
5302:10 August 2014 at the
5264:21 August 2014 at the
4505:1 October 2012 at the
3687:Outline of wind energy
3544:Camille Alphonse Faure
3528:Strathclyde University
3466:
3378:
3368:
3226:Glasgow Science Centre
3217:
3175:
3119:
3025:
3014:
2993:Airborne wind turbines
2948:
2909:Small-scale wind power
2831:
2788:
2755:thermal energy storage
2730:
2678:Wind power forecasting
2649:
2589:
2571:
2524:wind power in Scotland
2486:
2124: Above 10-GW mark
1045:
966:
934:
914:
891:
874:
866:
857:
650:Personal rapid transit
392:Tidal stream generator
253:Thermal energy storage
173:Environmental planning
56:
48:
12108:Fossil fuel phase-out
11876:Electricity retailing
11871:Electrical substation
11851:Electric power system
11393:Wind power portal
10938:Wind power by country
10853:Wind power portal
9774:Interatomic potential
9565:Energy transformation
9120:Donald Routledge Hill
9086:. Cornell University
8862:13 March 2016 at the
6631:. Carbontrust.co.uk.
6375:23 April 2014 at the
6081:Nature Communications
5297:Wind Power in Ontario
5212:Middle East Institute
4990:China Business Review
3949:10.1093/biosci/biu224
3692:Wind power by country
3652:100% renewable energy
3461:
3454:History of wind power
3376:
3295:
3211:
3169:
3117:
3097:Fossil fuel subsidies
3053:surface power density
3020:
3012:
2928:
2919:Further information:
2887:fossil fuel subsidies
2821:
2786:
2727:
2646:
2577:
2561:
2552:Further information:
2506:transmission capacity
2484:
2451:fossil fuel subsidies
1577: Above 1-GW mark
1428:Wind power by country
1328:floating wind turbine
1104:Rayleigh distribution
1051:. Wind power is thus
1046:
967:
935:
933:{\displaystyle \rho }
915:
892:
872:
863:
855:
848:Wind energy resources
829:are cheaper than new
752:and connected to the
494:Sustainable transport
439:Floating wind turbine
268:Zero heating building
183:Fossil fuel phase-out
54:
42:
32:Wind Energy (journal)
13853:remnant natural area
13490:storage and recovery
13156:habitat conservation
12974:Deforestation (REDD)
11464:Electricity delivery
10658:Consulting companies
10466:Airborne wind energy
10222:Efficient energy use
10195:Airborne wind energy
10173:Solar thermal energy
10080:Electricity delivery
9692:Thermodynamic system
9637:Irreversible process
9313:The Longreach Leader
9289:. Vol. 6, Elsevier,
9148:Lucas, Adam (2006),
9021:Wind Energy Handbook
7787:World Economic Forum
7701:World Economic Forum
7628:18 June 2020 at the
7439:World Economic Forum
7186:. November 2017. p.3
6825:"Capturing the wind"
6522:11 June 2013 at the
6497:www.fitchratings.com
6023:on 30 December 2005.
5847:"Small Wind Systems"
5731:. 9 September 2021.
5525:7 April 2017 at the
5384:on 10 September 2016
5377:. BP. Archived from
4627:. pp. 4663–68.
4458:. thewindpower.net.
4435:15 June 2013 at the
4363:Savenkov, M (2009).
3702:Wind-powered vehicle
3197:In the UK, both the
2854:peaking power plants
2447:limit climate change
976:
944:
924:
901:
881:
798:compared to burning
781:limit climate change
628:Personal transporter
523:Wind-powered vehicle
367:Marine current power
273:Zero-energy building
133:Efficient energy use
13807:Earth Overshoot Day
13381:Marine conservation
13362:non-timber products
12073:Availability factor
12025:Sulfur hexafluoride
11906:Overhead power line
11806:Virtual power plant
11781:Induction generator
11734:Sustainable biofuel
11543:Home energy storage
11533:Grid energy storage
11498:Droop speed control
10956:Wind power industry
10887:Additional portals:
10817:Virtual power plant
10650:Wind power industry
10528:Lists of wind farms
10244:Energy conservation
10166:Photovoltaic system
10139:Nuclear power plant
9824:Quantum fluctuation
9687:Thermodynamic state
9662:Thermal equilibrium
9254:Scientific American
9247:7 July 2017 at the
9222:on 17 December 2008
9097:on 1 September 2011
9033:John Wiley and Sons
8857:Q&A: Wind Power
8759:. ecomagination.com
8694:2010EnPol..38.3106J
8662:on 23 October 2013.
8616:"Whitelee Windfarm"
8403:on 5 September 2008
8259:on 10 December 2008
8223:2019EnPol.129..619S
8002:2012ScTEn.425...42B
7901:on 28 February 2013
7866:The Washington Post
7740:2021Natur.598..403T
7567:22 May 2019 at the
7479:Gipe, Paul (1995).
7395:2022RSERv.15511847B
7263:2017JEnvM.201..252P
7228:2013REne...49...19S
6872:2022PNAS..11904764D
6691:9 July 2017 at the
6312:2021Ene...22720467B
6093:2021NatCo..12.6146T
6040:Engineering Reports
5885:on 17 December 2008
5759:1 July 2014 at the
5705:. 14 January 2021.
5448:on 26 November 2008
5017:1 July 2017 at the
4908:. 30 January 2020.
4678:2014ECM....88..332C
4569:2012WiEn...15..305M
4486:10 May 2012 at the
4456:"Muppandal (India)"
4340:. Claverton Group.
4322:20.500.11850/120087
4303:2016Ene...114.1224S
4275:, 21 November 2017.
4251:, 28 November 2017.
4193:2015REne...77..482H
4147:"Global Wind Atlas"
4117:"Global Wind Atlas"
4074:2022ERCom...4e5011N
4037:on 24 February 2020
4031:"Global Wind Atlas"
3682:Lists of wind farms
3583:offshore wind farms
3406:mechanical rotation
3358:Blade pitch control
3280:Wind turbine design
3245:energy independence
2931:Quietrevolution QR5
2747:grid energy storage
2714:Grid energy storage
2699:Weather forecasting
2657:high-pressure areas
2564:generators in Spain
2511:dispatchable energy
1432:Wind power industry
1367:Offshore wind power
1311:Offshore wind power
1303:, the constancy of
1220:Jaisalmer Wind Park
1174:Muppandal Wind Farm
1126:
315:Carbon-neutral fuel
243:Sustainable habitat
98:Building insulation
86:Energy conservation
62:Part of a series on
13792:Ecosystem services
12915:Ambient standards
12321:Human-lifting kite
12260:Vehicle propulsion
11947:Transmission tower
11558:Nameplate capacity
10281:Sustainable energy
10259:Energy development
10249:Energy consumption
10085:Energy engineering
9297:, 2007, pp. 421–22
8980:on 5 February 2009
8460:. Wind-watch.org.
8353:on 2 November 2011
7789:. 22 November 2022
7599:. pp. B1–B2.
7358:. 7 September 2023
6752:10.3390/en12214185
6698:The New York Times
6654:Dodge, Darrell M.
6147:on 11 January 2013
6053:10.1002/eng2.12178
5912:. 23 November 2021
5853:on 23 October 2012
5580:on 5 October 2012.
5535:, 27 October 2014.
5342:"Renewable energy"
5239:. 15 November 2021
4876:Wind Power Monthly
3524:Anderson's College
3509:Australian outback
3467:
3379:
3369:
3222:Whitelee Wind Farm
3218:
3214:Whitelee Wind Farm
3176:
3120:
3088:Central government
3026:
3015:
2949:
2915:Small wind turbine
2832:
2789:
2745:or other forms of
2731:
2661:low-pressure areas
2650:
2590:
2572:
2502:reserve generating
2487:
2458:nameplate capacity
1454:solar photovoltaic
1124:
1041:
1023:
995:
962:
930:
913:{\displaystyle Av}
910:
887:
875:
867:
858:
827:onshore wind farms
330:Geothermal heating
158:Energy saving lamp
68:Sustainable energy
57:
49:
13955:
13954:
13933:
13932:
13732:
13731:
13411:genetic resources
13347:genetic resources
12982:
12981:
12890:Natural resources
12856:
12855:
12721:
12720:
12347:
12346:
12308:Kite applications
12194:
12193:
12098:Environmental tax
11978:Cascading failure
11747:
11746:
11583:Utility frequency
11430:
11429:
11421:Energy portal
11376:
11375:
10904:
10903:
10496:on public display
10416:
10415:
10183:Solar power tower
9829:Quantum potential
9667:Thermal reservoir
9570:Energy transition
9295:978-1-60119-433-6
8652:978-87-7844-821-7
8071:. 24 March 2021.
7841:. 8 November 2022
7734:(7881): 403–405.
7573:Sydney University
7530:10.1289/ehp.11602
7498:978-0-471-10924-2
7441:. 19 October 2021
7153:. 4 November 2019
7097:Irish Independent
6452:National Archives
6270:. 16 March 2021.
6219:Our World in Data
5549:. E360.yale.edu.
5518:Andresen, Tino. "
5474:. 8 December 2021
5321:Our World in Data
5187:. 29 October 2021
5097:Our World in Data
4706:. 3 November 2020
4642:978-1-4799-4032-5
3819:Our World in Data
3613:Wind power portal
3505:American mid-west
3034:fossil fuel power
2842:capital intensive
2607:operating reserve
2427:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2354:
2353:
2113:
2112:
1516:
1515:
1381:Hornsea Wind Farm
1241:
1240:
1076:Global Wind Atlas
1022:
994:
890:{\displaystyle A}
723:
722:
320:Geothermal energy
16:(Redirected from
13985:
13978:Renewable energy
13945:
13944:
13896:
13843:Natural heritage
13802:overexploitation
13741:
13740:
13475:
13474:
13421:herbal medicines
13401:FAO Plant Treaty
12941:
12918:
12903:
12902:
12883:
12876:
12869:
12860:
12859:
12846:
12836:
12835:
12779:French Polynesia
12538:
12537:
12374:
12367:
12360:
12351:
12350:
12221:
12214:
12207:
12198:
12197:
12184:
12183:
12093:Energy subsidies
12047:Protective relay
11988:Rolling blackout
11615:
11614:
11605:
11573:Power-flow study
11513:Electrical fault
11457:
11450:
11443:
11434:
11433:
11419:
11418:
11405:
11404:
11391:
11390:
10946:
10945:
10931:
10924:
10917:
10908:
10907:
10891:Renewable energy
10886:
10874:
10873:
10862:
10861:
10851:
10850:
10697:GE Offshore Wind
10443:
10436:
10429:
10420:
10419:
10404:
10403:
10392:
10380:
10379:
10368:
10367:
10342:Carbon footprint
10276:Renewable energy
10117:Hydroelectricity
10107:Geothermal power
9550:Energy condition
9482:
9475:
9468:
9459:
9458:
9442:
9441:
9439:Official website
9426:
9425:
9423:Official website
9408:
9407:
9405:
9403:
9388:
9382:
9381:
9379:
9377:
9362:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9351:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9304:
9298:
9283:
9277:
9264:
9258:
9238:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9227:
9211:
9205:
9204:
9181:Wind Engineering
9176:
9163:
9162:
9145:
9139:
9113:
9107:
9106:
9104:
9102:
9096:
9090:. Archived from
9085:
9076:
9070:
9069:
9067:
9065:
9050:
9044:
9016:
9010:
8996:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8985:
8979:
8972:
8964:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8953:
8938:
8932:
8931:
8929:
8927:
8907:
8901:
8900:
8898:
8896:
8877:
8871:
8853:
8847:
8829:
8823:
8793:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8782:
8766:
8760:
8746:
8740:
8727:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8716:
8710:
8679:
8670:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8655:. Archived from
8644:
8634:
8628:
8627:
8626:on 2 March 2012.
8622:. Archived from
8612:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8601:
8581:
8575:
8558:
8552:
8530:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8519:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8496:
8494:
8480:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8469:
8454:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8440:
8434:
8427:
8419:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8408:
8402:
8395:
8387:
8381:
8380:
8379:on 21 July 2008.
8369:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8358:
8342:
8336:
8335:
8329:
8321:
8319:
8317:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8295:
8275:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8255:. Archived from
8249:
8243:
8242:
8206:
8200:
8199:
8198:. 29 March 2021.
8188:
8182:
8181:
8174:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8163:
8158:on 14 March 2012
8148:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8137:
8132:on 25 March 2009
8122:
8116:
8115:
8113:
8111:
8100:Trade Only Today
8091:
8085:
8084:
8082:
8080:
8061:
8055:
8054:
8052:
8050:
8044:
8021:
7987:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7967:
7952:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7935:
7929:. Archived from
7928:
7920:
7911:
7910:
7908:
7906:
7900:
7893:
7885:
7874:
7873:
7857:
7851:
7850:
7848:
7846:
7831:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7820:
7805:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7794:
7779:
7773:
7772:
7751:
7719:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7693:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7679:
7665:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7639:
7633:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7608:
7582:
7576:
7558:
7552:
7551:
7541:
7524:(6): A236–A237.
7509:
7503:
7502:
7486:
7476:
7470:
7457:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7406:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7289:
7283:
7282:
7246:
7240:
7239:
7216:Renewable Energy
7211:
7202:
7201:
7193:
7187:
7169:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7143:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7132:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7087:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7071:on 19 April 2006
7061:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7044:
7037:
7029:
7023:
7022:
7020:
7018:
6999:
6993:
6992:
6960:
6954:
6953:
6952:. 12 March 2023.
6946:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6921:
6912:
6911:
6901:
6883:
6851:
6842:
6840:
6838:
6836:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6763:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6730:
6724:
6708:
6702:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6640:
6625:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6600:
6594:
6593:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6556:
6550:
6536:
6527:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6386:
6380:
6367:
6361:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6323:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6260:
6254:
6241:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6230:
6211:
6205:
6204:
6184:
6178:
6172:
6166:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6137:
6131:
6130:
6120:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6055:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6015:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5934:. Archived from
5928:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5902:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5884:
5877:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5843:
5837:
5819:
5813:
5798:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5770:
5764:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5542:
5536:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5490:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5447:
5440:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5408:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5376:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5313:
5307:
5294:
5288:
5275:
5269:
5255:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5160:
5153:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5031:
5025:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4982:
4976:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4704:www.scotsman.com
4696:
4690:
4689:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4524:
4516:
4510:
4497:
4491:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4452:
4446:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4379:
4369:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4314:
4282:
4276:
4258:
4252:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4181:Renewable Energy
4178:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4113:
4104:
4103:
4085:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4002:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3951:
3925:
3914:
3913:
3912:on 22 June 2019.
3898:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3849:Energy Live News
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3811:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3776:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3745:
3725:
3719:
3662:Hydrogen economy
3643:
3638:
3637:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3572:
3559:Charles F. Brush
3520:Prof James Blyth
3518:in July 1887 by
3463:Charles F. Brush
3410:electrical power
3393:battery charging
3343:mechanical brake
3237:local opposition
2957:carbon footprint
2945:Bristol, England
2735:hydroelectricity
2685:In summer 2021,
2579:Roscoe Wind Farm
2404:
2403:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2344:
2343:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2316:
2297:
2296:
2277:
2276:
2257:
2256:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2210:
2209:
2190:
2189:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2162:
2143:
2142:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2103:
2102:
2083:
2082:
2063:
2062:
2045:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1967:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1887:
1886:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1825:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1756:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1718:
1717:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1690:
1675:
1674:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1524:
1523:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1477:
1465:
1449:
1343:
1323:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1127:
1123:
1088:Renewables.ninja
1078:provided by the
1050:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1024:
1015:
1009:
1008:
996:
987:
971:
969:
968:
963:
939:
937:
936:
931:
919:
917:
916:
911:
896:
894:
893:
888:
820:capacity factors
802:. Wind power is
792:renewable energy
715:
708:
701:
688:
684:
683:
674:
669:
668:
506:Electric vehicle
355:Run-of-the-river
340:Hydroelectricity
325:Geothermal power
286:Renewable energy
238:Sustainable city
213:Low-energy house
153:Energy recycling
78:
59:
58:
21:
13993:
13992:
13988:
13987:
13986:
13984:
13983:
13982:
13958:
13957:
13956:
13951:
13929:
13894:
13874:
13860:Systems ecology
13826:Natural capital
13728:
13613:
13602:reclaimed water
13464:
13426:UPOV Convention
13274:
13069:
12978:
12952:
12948:Ozone depletion
12939:
12916:
12892:
12887:
12857:
12852:
12824:
12793:
12757:
12717:
12644:
12529:
12436:
12383:
12378:
12348:
12343:
12325:
12302:
12254:
12231:
12227:Application of
12225:
12195:
12190:
12172:
12156:
12154:
12147:
12078:Capacity factor
12066:
12064:
12057:
12037:Numerical relay
12015:Circuit breaker
12003:
12001:
11994:
11956:
11896:Load management
11866:Electrical grid
11831:Demand response
11824:
11819:
11810:
11791:Microgeneration
11743:
11658:
11606:
11597:
11593:Vehicle-to-grid
11466:
11461:
11431:
11426:
11413:
11399:
11385:
11372:
11331:
11310:
11279:
11106:
10998:
10960:
10940:
10935:
10905:
10900:
10845:
10836:
10807:Tip-speed ratio
10802:Net energy gain
10760:Capacity factor
10733:
10672:
10644:
10547:
10533:Community-owned
10514:
10452:
10447:
10417:
10412:
10356:
10352:Waste-to-energy
10330:
10266:Energy security
10212:
10206:
10062:
10054:
10033:Natural uranium
9967:
9948:Mechanical wave
9879:Energy carriers
9873:
9713:
9642:Isolated system
9520:
9514:
9491:
9486:
9437:
9436:
9421:
9420:
9417:
9412:
9411:
9401:
9399:
9389:
9385:
9375:
9373:
9363:
9359:
9349:
9347:
9334:
9333:
9329:
9319:
9317:
9306:
9305:
9301:
9284:
9280:
9274:Wayback Machine
9265:
9261:
9249:Wayback Machine
9239:
9235:
9225:
9223:
9212:
9208:
9177:
9166:
9160:
9146:
9142:
9114:
9110:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9083:
9077:
9073:
9063:
9061:
9052:
9051:
9047:
9029:Wayback Machine
9017:
9013:
8997:
8993:
8983:
8981:
8977:
8970:
8966:
8965:
8961:
8951:
8949:
8940:
8939:
8935:
8925:
8923:
8908:
8904:
8894:
8892:
8879:
8878:
8874:
8864:Wayback Machine
8854:
8850:
8840:Wayback Machine
8830:
8826:
8821:Wayback Machine
8812:, August 2013.
8804:Wayback Machine
8794:
8790:
8780:
8778:
8767:
8763:
8757:Wayback Machine
8747:
8743:
8737:Wayback Machine
8728:
8724:
8714:
8712:
8708:
8677:
8671:
8667:
8659:
8653:
8642:
8636:
8635:
8631:
8614:
8613:
8609:
8599:
8597:
8582:
8578:
8568:Wayback Machine
8559:
8555:
8541:Wayback Machine
8531:
8527:
8517:
8515:
8507:
8506:
8502:
8492:
8490:
8482:
8481:
8477:
8467:
8465:
8456:
8455:
8448:
8438:
8436:
8432:
8425:
8421:
8420:
8416:
8406:
8404:
8400:
8393:
8389:
8388:
8384:
8371:
8370:
8366:
8356:
8354:
8343:
8339:
8323:
8322:
8315:
8313:
8308:
8307:
8303:
8293:
8291:
8276:
8272:
8262:
8260:
8251:
8250:
8246:
8207:
8203:
8196:The White House
8190:
8189:
8185:
8176:
8175:
8171:
8161:
8159:
8150:
8149:
8145:
8135:
8133:
8124:
8123:
8119:
8109:
8107:
8092:
8088:
8078:
8076:
8063:
8062:
8058:
8048:
8046:
8042:
7985:
7979:
7975:
7965:
7963:
7954:
7953:
7949:
7939:
7937:
7933:
7926:
7922:
7921:
7914:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7891:
7887:
7886:
7877:
7858:
7854:
7844:
7842:
7833:
7832:
7828:
7818:
7816:
7806:
7802:
7792:
7790:
7781:
7780:
7776:
7720:
7716:
7706:
7704:
7695:
7694:
7690:
7677:
7675:
7673:www.rigzone.com
7667:
7666:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7640:
7636:
7630:Wayback Machine
7620:
7616:
7606:
7604:
7583:
7579:
7569:Wayback Machine
7559:
7555:
7510:
7506:
7499:
7477:
7473:
7467:Wayback Machine
7458:
7454:
7444:
7442:
7433:
7432:
7428:
7375:
7371:
7361:
7359:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7335:
7333:
7316:
7312:
7302:
7300:
7298:Energy Magazine
7290:
7286:
7247:
7243:
7212:
7205:
7194:
7190:
7180:Wayback Machine
7171:Gordon, David.
7170:
7166:
7156:
7154:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7130:
7128:
7125:The News Letter
7116:
7112:
7102:
7100:
7088:
7084:
7074:
7072:
7063:
7062:
7058:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7035:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7016:
7014:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6961:
6957:
6948:
6947:
6943:
6933:
6931:
6923:
6922:
6915:
6852:
6845:
6834:
6832:
6831:on 31 July 2008
6821:
6817:
6807:
6805:
6797:Jones, Nicola.
6795:
6791:
6781:
6779:
6764:
6760:
6731:
6727:
6718:Wayback Machine
6709:
6705:
6693:Wayback Machine
6683:
6679:
6669:
6667:
6652:
6648:
6638:
6636:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6612:
6610:
6602:
6601:
6597:
6588:
6587:
6583:
6573:
6571:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6547:Wayback Machine
6537:
6530:
6524:Wayback Machine
6515:
6511:
6501:
6499:
6491:
6490:
6486:
6476:
6474:
6463:
6459:
6445:
6443:
6426:
6422:
6412:
6410:
6403:
6387:
6383:
6377:Wayback Machine
6368:
6364:
6349:
6345:
6291:
6287:
6277:
6275:
6268:Financial Times
6262:
6261:
6257:
6251:Wayback Machine
6242:
6238:
6228:
6226:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6185:
6181:
6173:
6169:
6164:
6160:
6150:
6148:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6073:
6069:
6032:
6028:
6020:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5964:
5962:
5947:
5943:
5938:on 7 June 2012.
5930:
5929:
5925:
5915:
5913:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5875:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5856:
5854:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5830:Wayback Machine
5820:
5816:
5810:Wayback Machine
5799:
5792:
5782:
5780:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5761:Wayback Machine
5752:
5748:
5738:
5736:
5727:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5710:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5680:
5665:
5661:
5651:
5649:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5626:
5624:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5600:
5598:
5596:en.energinet.dk
5590:
5589:
5585:
5570:
5566:
5556:
5554:
5543:
5539:
5527:Wayback Machine
5517:
5513:
5503:
5501:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5397:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5355:
5353:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5304:Wayback Machine
5295:
5291:
5285:Wayback Machine
5276:
5272:
5266:Wayback Machine
5256:
5252:
5242:
5240:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5216:
5214:
5204:
5200:
5190:
5188:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5032:
5028:
5019:Wayback Machine
5009:
5005:
4995:
4993:
4984:
4983:
4979:
4973:Wayback Machine
4964:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4941:
4939:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4913:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4868:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4841:
4837:
4818:
4814:
4783:
4779:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4732:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4709:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4662:
4658:
4643:
4621:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4549:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4522:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4507:Wayback Machine
4498:
4494:
4490:, 17 April 2012
4488:Wayback Machine
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4437:Wayback Machine
4427:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4381:
4380:
4367:
4361:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4336:Hurley, Brian.
4334:
4330:
4283:
4279:
4268:Wayback Machine
4259:
4255:
4244:Wayback Machine
4235:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4176:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4054:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4014:
4012:
4004:
4003:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3926:
3917:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3851:. 25 March 2022
3843:
3842:
3838:
3828:
3826:
3813:
3812:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3778:
3777:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3724:is an exception
3720:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3657:Global Wind Day
3647:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3599:
3578:1973 oil crisis
3570:
3555:Cleveland, Ohio
3536:Kincardineshire
3473:
3456:
3450:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3367:
3288:
3282:
3274:Main articles:
3272:
3264:energy security
3260:
3164:
3158:
3112:
3090:
3085:
3007:
3001:
2939:on the roof of
2923:
2921:Microgeneration
2917:
2911:
2905:power in 2020.
2896:. For example,
2878:
2838:
2816:
2781:
2769:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2680:
2674:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2479:
2470:
2468:Capacity factor
2462:capacity factor
2443:Paris Agreement
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2398:
2378:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2338:
2320:
2311:
2291:
2271:
2251:
2233:
2224:
2204:
2184:
2166:
2157:
2137:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2097:
2077:
2057:
2039:
2030:
2012:
2003:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1944:
1935:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1881:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1829:
1820:
1802:
1793:
1775:
1766:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1712:
1694:
1685:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1599:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1439:
1434:
1426:Main articles:
1424:
1397:
1373:
1365:Main articles:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1332:Póvoa de Varzim
1324:
1313:
1270:
1229:
1227:
1206:
1204:
1183:
1181:
1160:
1158:
1151:Gansu Wind Farm
1134:
1122:
1114:Main articles:
1112:
1035:
1031:
1013:
1004:
1000:
985:
977:
974:
973:
945:
942:
941:
925:
922:
921:
902:
899:
898:
882:
879:
878:
850:
777:Paris Agreement
754:electrical grid
719:
678:
677:
664:
657:
656:
496:
486:
485:
288:
278:
277:
263:Waste-to-energy
218:Microgeneration
148:Energy recovery
88:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13991:
13981:
13980:
13975:
13970:
13953:
13952:
13950:
13949:
13938:
13935:
13934:
13931:
13930:
13928:
13927:
13918:
13913:
13908:
13903:
13898:
13895:(perpetuation)
13890:
13884:
13882:
13876:
13875:
13873:
13872:
13867:
13862:
13857:
13856:
13855:
13848:Nature reserve
13845:
13840:
13839:
13838:
13833:
13823:
13822:
13821:
13811:
13810:
13809:
13804:
13794:
13789:
13788:
13787:
13782:
13772:
13771:
13770:
13765:
13760:
13755:
13744:
13738:
13734:
13733:
13730:
13729:
13727:
13726:
13725:
13724:
13719:
13709:
13704:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13679:
13674:
13669:
13664:
13659:
13654:
13653:
13652:
13642:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13621:
13619:
13615:
13614:
13612:
13611:
13606:
13605:
13604:
13594:
13589:
13584:
13583:
13582:
13572:
13567:
13566:
13565:
13553:
13552:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13531:
13526:
13525:
13524:
13519:
13514:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13493:
13492:
13481:
13479:
13472:
13466:
13465:
13463:
13462:
13461:
13460:
13455:
13445:
13440:
13435:
13434:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13403:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13377:
13376:
13366:
13365:
13364:
13359:
13354:
13349:
13339:
13338:
13337:
13332:
13327:
13325:climate change
13317:
13312:
13307:
13302:
13301:
13300:
13293:Bioprospecting
13290:
13284:
13282:
13276:
13275:
13273:
13272:
13271:
13270:
13265:
13255:
13254:
13253:
13248:
13243:
13238:
13228:
13227:
13226:
13221:
13220:
13219:
13214:
13204:
13203:
13202:
13197:
13187:
13186:
13185:
13175:
13170:
13160:
13159:
13158:
13148:
13147:
13146:
13136:
13135:
13134:
13129:
13124:
13119:
13109:
13104:
13099:
13098:
13097:
13096:
13095:
13079:
13077:
13071:
13070:
13068:
13067:
13062:
13061:
13060:
13055:
13045:
13040:
13035:
13030:
13008:
13003:
12998:
12992:
12990:
12984:
12983:
12980:
12979:
12977:
12976:
12971:
12966:
12960:
12958:
12954:
12953:
12951:
12950:
12945:
12944:
12943:
12938:Clean Air Act
12930:
12925:
12920:
12911:
12909:
12900:
12894:
12893:
12886:
12885:
12878:
12871:
12863:
12854:
12853:
12851:
12850:
12840:
12829:
12826:
12825:
12823:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12801:
12799:
12795:
12794:
12792:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12765:
12763:
12759:
12758:
12756:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12740:
12735:
12729:
12727:
12723:
12722:
12719:
12718:
12716:
12715:
12714:
12713:
12706:United Kingdom
12703:
12698:
12693:
12688:
12683:
12678:
12673:
12668:
12663:
12658:
12652:
12650:
12646:
12645:
12643:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12607:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12587:
12582:
12577:
12572:
12567:
12562:
12557:
12555:Czech Republic
12552:
12546:
12544:
12542:European Union
12535:
12531:
12530:
12528:
12527:
12522:
12517:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12497:
12492:
12487:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12452:
12446:
12444:
12438:
12437:
12435:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12419:
12414:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12393:
12391:
12385:
12384:
12377:
12376:
12369:
12362:
12354:
12345:
12344:
12342:
12341:
12335:
12333:
12327:
12326:
12324:
12323:
12318:
12312:
12310:
12304:
12303:
12301:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12264:
12262:
12256:
12255:
12253:
12252:
12247:
12241:
12239:
12233:
12232:
12224:
12223:
12216:
12209:
12201:
12192:
12191:
12189:
12188:
12177:
12174:
12173:
12171:
12170:
12165:
12159:
12157:
12153:Statistics and
12152:
12149:
12148:
12146:
12145:
12140:
12135:
12130:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12110:
12105:
12103:Feed-in tariff
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12069:
12067:
12062:
12059:
12058:
12056:
12055:
12049:
12044:
12039:
12034:
12029:
12028:
12027:
12022:
12012:
12006:
12004:
11999:
11996:
11995:
11993:
11992:
11991:
11990:
11980:
11975:
11970:
11964:
11962:
11958:
11957:
11955:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11938:
11933:
11928:
11923:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11903:
11898:
11893:
11891:Interconnector
11888:
11883:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11841:Dynamic demand
11838:
11833:
11827:
11825:
11815:
11812:
11811:
11809:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11771:Combined cycle
11768:
11763:
11757:
11755:
11749:
11748:
11745:
11744:
11742:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11725:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11679:
11674:
11668:
11666:
11660:
11659:
11657:
11656:
11651:
11650:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11623:
11621:
11612:
11608:
11607:
11600:
11598:
11596:
11595:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11555:
11550:
11548:Load-following
11545:
11540:
11535:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11503:Electric power
11500:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11474:
11472:
11468:
11467:
11460:
11459:
11452:
11445:
11437:
11428:
11427:
11425:
11424:
11410:
11396:
11381:
11378:
11377:
11374:
11373:
11371:
11370:
11365:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11339:
11337:
11333:
11332:
11330:
11329:
11324:
11318:
11316:
11312:
11311:
11309:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11293:
11287:
11285:
11281:
11280:
11278:
11277:
11270:United Kingdom
11267:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11222:
11217:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11167:
11162:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11116:
11114:
11108:
11107:
11105:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11008:
11006:
11000:
10999:
10997:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10970:
10968:
10962:
10961:
10959:
10958:
10952:
10950:
10942:
10941:
10934:
10933:
10926:
10919:
10911:
10902:
10901:
10899:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10880:
10868:
10856:
10841:
10838:
10837:
10835:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10809:
10804:
10799:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10782:Energy subsidy
10779:
10778:
10777:
10770:Energy storage
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10741:
10739:
10735:
10734:
10732:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10719:Siemens Gamesa
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10700:
10699:
10688:
10682:
10680:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10654:
10652:
10646:
10645:
10643:
10642:
10641:
10640:
10635:
10625:
10624:
10623:
10618:
10608:
10606:Unconventional
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10571:Crosswind kite
10568:
10563:
10557:
10555:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10545:
10540:
10538:Offshore farms
10535:
10530:
10524:
10522:
10516:
10515:
10513:
10512:
10511:
10510:
10500:
10499:
10498:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10462:
10460:
10454:
10453:
10446:
10445:
10438:
10431:
10423:
10414:
10413:
10411:
10410:
10398:
10386:
10374:
10361:
10358:
10357:
10355:
10354:
10349:
10347:Jevons paradox
10344:
10338:
10336:
10332:
10331:
10329:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10271:Energy storage
10268:
10263:
10262:
10261:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10240:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10218:
10216:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10204:
10203:
10202:
10197:
10187:
10186:
10185:
10180:
10170:
10169:
10168:
10163:
10153:
10148:
10147:
10146:
10141:
10131:
10130:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10109:
10104:
10103:
10102:
10097:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10075:Electric power
10072:
10066:
10064:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10036:
10035:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10004:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9983:
9977:
9975:
9973:Primary energy
9969:
9968:
9966:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9944:
9943:
9933:
9932:
9931:
9921:
9920:
9919:
9914:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9883:
9881:
9875:
9874:
9872:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9770:
9769:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9733:
9732:
9721:
9719:
9715:
9714:
9712:
9711:
9710:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9607:Entropic force
9604:
9597:Thermodynamics
9594:
9589:
9588:
9587:
9582:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9546:
9545:
9535:
9530:
9524:
9522:
9516:
9515:
9513:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9496:
9493:
9492:
9485:
9484:
9477:
9470:
9462:
9456:
9455:
9450:
9444:
9434:
9428:
9416:
9415:External links
9413:
9410:
9409:
9383:
9357:
9327:
9299:
9278:
9259:
9233:
9206:
9187:(3): 191–200.
9164:
9158:
9140:
9116:Ahmad Y Hassan
9108:
9071:
9045:
9011:
9007:Pergamon Press
8991:
8959:
8948:. 9 March 2022
8933:
8916:Business Green
8902:
8872:
8848:
8824:
8788:
8761:
8741:
8722:
8665:
8651:
8629:
8607:
8576:
8553:
8525:
8500:
8475:
8446:
8414:
8382:
8364:
8337:
8301:
8270:
8244:
8201:
8183:
8180:. 8 June 2021.
8169:
8143:
8117:
8086:
8056:
7973:
7947:
7912:
7875:
7852:
7826:
7800:
7774:
7714:
7703:. 27 July 2021
7688:
7660:
7634:
7614:
7577:
7553:
7504:
7497:
7471:
7452:
7426:
7369:
7343:
7310:
7284:
7241:
7203:
7188:
7164:
7138:
7110:
7082:
7056:
7024:
6994:
6955:
6941:
6913:
6843:
6815:
6789:
6772:Clean Technica
6758:
6725:
6703:
6677:
6646:
6620:
6595:
6581:
6551:
6528:
6509:
6484:
6457:
6435:whitehouse.gov
6420:
6402:978-3319751344
6401:
6381:
6362:
6350:Dolf Gielen. "
6343:
6285:
6255:
6236:
6206:
6179:
6167:
6158:
6132:
6067:
6026:
6002:
5985:www.imeche.org
5972:
5941:
5923:
5897:
5864:
5838:
5814:
5790:
5765:
5746:
5720:
5690:
5667:Katz, Cheryl.
5659:
5634:
5623:. 18 July 2022
5608:
5583:
5564:
5537:
5511:
5500:. 1 April 2022
5485:
5459:
5427:
5395:
5363:
5333:
5308:
5289:
5270:
5250:
5224:
5198:
5185:Africa Renewal
5172:
5140:
5114:
5084:
5057:
5026:
5023:New York Times
5003:
4992:. 7 April 2021
4977:
4958:
4949:
4923:
4893:
4862:
4835:
4812:
4777:
4742:
4717:
4691:
4656:
4641:
4612:
4582:
4577:10.1002/we.469
4543:
4511:
4492:
4473:
4447:
4421:
4395:
4355:
4328:
4277:
4253:
4229:
4164:
4138:
4105:
4048:
4022:
3992:
3970:
3942:(3): 290–301.
3915:
3890:
3862:
3836:
3801:
3766:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3630:
3616:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3587:European Union
3452:Main article:
3449:
3446:
3388:kinetic energy
3371:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3290:
3289:
3271:
3270:Turbine design
3268:
3259:
3256:
3199:National Trust
3188:climate change
3157:
3154:
3111:
3110:Public opinion
3108:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3003:Main article:
3000:
2997:
2941:Bristol Beacon
2913:Main article:
2910:
2907:
2877:
2874:
2840:Wind power is
2828:2-piece blades
2815:
2812:
2801:Siemens Gamesa
2780:
2777:
2768:
2767:Energy payback
2765:
2712:Main article:
2709:
2708:Energy storage
2706:
2691:green hydrogen
2676:Main article:
2673:
2672:Predictability
2670:
2554:Grid balancing
2546:Main article:
2543:
2540:
2498:energy storage
2478:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1502:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1423:
1420:
1396:
1393:
1385:United Kingdom
1356:climate change
1345:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1269:
1266:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1131:
1111:
1108:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
990:
984:
981:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
929:
909:
906:
886:
849:
846:
808:energy storage
806:, so it needs
728:is the use of
721:
720:
718:
717:
710:
703:
695:
692:
691:
690:
689:
675:
659:
658:
655:
654:
653:
652:
642:
641:
640:
633:Rail transport
630:
625:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
606:Roller skating
603:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
579:Cycle rickshaw
576:
566:
561:
551:
550:
549:
544:
543:
542:
535:Human-electric
530:Hybrid vehicle
527:
526:
525:
520:
515:
514:
513:
497:
492:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
482:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
421:
416:
411:
409:Renewable heat
406:
401:
396:
395:
394:
389:
384:
374:
369:
364:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
301:
300:
289:
284:
283:
280:
279:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
198:Green building
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
168:Energy storage
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
89:
84:
83:
80:
79:
71:
70:
64:
63:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13990:
13979:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13969:
13966:
13965:
13963:
13948:
13940:
13939:
13936:
13926:
13925:Non-renewable
13922:
13919:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13909:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13891:
13889:
13886:
13885:
13883:
13881:
13877:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13865:Urban ecology
13863:
13861:
13858:
13854:
13851:
13850:
13849:
13846:
13844:
13841:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13829:
13828:
13827:
13824:
13820:
13817:
13816:
13815:
13812:
13808:
13805:
13803:
13800:
13799:
13798:
13795:
13793:
13790:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13778:
13777:
13776:
13773:
13769:
13766:
13764:
13761:
13759:
13756:
13754:
13751:
13750:
13749:
13746:
13745:
13742:
13739:
13735:
13723:
13720:
13718:
13715:
13714:
13713:
13710:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13697:Privatization
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13673:
13670:
13668:
13665:
13663:
13660:
13658:
13655:
13651:
13648:
13647:
13646:
13643:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13628:
13626:
13623:
13622:
13620:
13616:
13610:
13607:
13603:
13600:
13599:
13598:
13595:
13593:
13592:Surface water
13590:
13588:
13585:
13581:
13578:
13577:
13576:
13573:
13571:
13568:
13564:
13563:
13559:
13558:
13557:
13554:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13540:
13537:
13536:
13535:
13532:
13530:
13527:
13523:
13520:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13509:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13491:
13488:
13487:
13486:
13483:
13482:
13480:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13467:
13459:
13456:
13454:
13451:
13450:
13449:
13446:
13444:
13441:
13439:
13436:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13398:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13375:
13372:
13371:
13370:
13367:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13344:
13343:
13340:
13336:
13333:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13322:
13321:
13318:
13316:
13313:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13299:
13296:
13295:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13285:
13283:
13281:
13277:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13260:
13259:
13256:
13252:
13249:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13237:
13234:
13233:
13232:
13229:
13225:
13222:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13209:
13208:
13205:
13201:
13198:
13196:
13193:
13192:
13191:
13188:
13184:
13181:
13180:
13179:
13176:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13165:
13164:
13161:
13157:
13154:
13153:
13152:
13149:
13145:
13142:
13141:
13140:
13137:
13133:
13130:
13128:
13125:
13123:
13120:
13118:
13115:
13114:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13100:
13094:
13093:peak farmland
13091:
13090:
13089:
13086:
13085:
13084:
13081:
13080:
13078:
13076:
13072:
13066:
13063:
13059:
13056:
13054:
13051:
13050:
13049:
13046:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13028:
13024:
13020:
13016:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12993:
12991:
12989:
12985:
12975:
12972:
12970:
12967:
12965:
12962:
12961:
12959:
12955:
12949:
12946:
12942:
12936:
12935:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12913:
12912:
12910:
12908:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12895:
12891:
12884:
12879:
12877:
12872:
12870:
12865:
12864:
12861:
12849:
12845:
12841:
12839:
12831:
12830:
12827:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12802:
12800:
12798:South America
12796:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12766:
12764:
12760:
12754:
12753:United States
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12730:
12728:
12726:North America
12724:
12712:
12709:
12708:
12707:
12704:
12702:
12699:
12697:
12694:
12692:
12689:
12687:
12684:
12682:
12679:
12677:
12674:
12672:
12669:
12667:
12664:
12662:
12659:
12657:
12654:
12653:
12651:
12647:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12626:
12623:
12621:
12618:
12616:
12613:
12611:
12608:
12606:
12603:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12581:
12578:
12576:
12573:
12571:
12568:
12566:
12563:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12551:
12548:
12547:
12545:
12543:
12539:
12536:
12532:
12526:
12523:
12521:
12518:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12496:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12483:
12481:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12461:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12451:
12448:
12447:
12445:
12443:
12439:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12394:
12392:
12390:
12386:
12382:
12375:
12370:
12368:
12363:
12361:
12356:
12355:
12352:
12340:
12337:
12336:
12334:
12332:
12328:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12313:
12311:
12309:
12305:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12265:
12263:
12261:
12257:
12251:
12248:
12246:
12243:
12242:
12240:
12238:
12234:
12230:
12222:
12217:
12215:
12210:
12208:
12203:
12202:
12199:
12187:
12179:
12178:
12175:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12160:
12158:
12150:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12123:Pigouvian tax
12121:
12119:
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12070:
12068:
12060:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12020:Earth-leakage
12018:
12017:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12007:
12005:
11997:
11989:
11986:
11985:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11969:
11966:
11965:
11963:
11961:Failure modes
11959:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11942:
11939:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11911:Power station
11909:
11907:
11904:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11857:
11854:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11796:Rankine cycle
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11776:Cooling tower
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11758:
11756:
11754:
11750:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11699:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11678:
11675:
11673:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11665:
11661:
11655:
11652:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11629:
11628:
11625:
11624:
11622:
11620:
11619:Non-renewable
11616:
11613:
11609:
11604:
11594:
11591:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11561:
11559:
11556:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11539:
11538:Grid strength
11536:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11493:Demand factor
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11469:
11465:
11458:
11453:
11451:
11446:
11444:
11439:
11438:
11435:
11423:
11422:
11417:
11411:
11409:
11408:
11403:
11397:
11395:
11394:
11389:
11383:
11382:
11379:
11369:
11366:
11364:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11340:
11338:
11336:South America
11334:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11319:
11317:
11313:
11307:
11306:United States
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11292:
11289:
11288:
11286:
11284:North America
11282:
11275:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11118:
11117:
11115:
11113:
11109:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11078:
11075:
11073:
11070:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11032:
11028:
11025:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11009:
11007:
11005:
11001:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10971:
10969:
10967:
10963:
10957:
10954:
10953:
10951:
10947:
10943:
10939:
10932:
10927:
10925:
10920:
10918:
10913:
10912:
10909:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10885:
10881:
10879:
10878:
10869:
10867:
10866:
10857:
10855:
10854:
10849:
10843:
10842:
10839:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10776:
10773:
10772:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10742:
10740:
10736:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10698:
10694:
10693:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10683:
10681:
10679:
10678:Manufacturers
10675:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10663:Manufacturers
10661:
10659:
10656:
10655:
10653:
10651:
10647:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10630:
10629:
10626:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10612:
10611:Vertical-axis
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10591:Pitch bearing
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10558:
10556:
10554:
10553:Wind turbines
10550:
10544:
10543:Onshore farms
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10525:
10523:
10521:
10517:
10509:
10506:
10505:
10504:
10501:
10497:
10494:
10493:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10481:Land vehicles
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10459:
10455:
10451:
10444:
10439:
10437:
10432:
10430:
10425:
10424:
10421:
10409:
10408:
10399:
10397:
10396:
10391:
10387:
10385:
10384:
10375:
10373:
10372:
10363:
10362:
10359:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10339:
10337:
10333:
10327:
10326:United States
10324:
10322:
10321:South America
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10260:
10257:
10256:
10255:
10254:Energy policy
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10224:
10223:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10215:
10209:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10192:
10191:
10188:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10178:Solar furnace
10176:
10175:
10174:
10171:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10158:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10136:
10135:
10134:Nuclear power
10132:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10114:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10071:
10068:
10067:
10065:
10061:
10060:Energy system
10057:
10051:
10048:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10034:
10031:
10030:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10013:Gravitational
10011:
10009:
10006:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9988:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9978:
9976:
9974:
9970:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9942:
9941:Hydrogen fuel
9939:
9938:
9937:
9934:
9930:
9927:
9926:
9925:
9922:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9909:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9880:
9876:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9768:
9765:
9764:
9763:
9762:Gravitational
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9731:
9728:
9727:
9726:
9723:
9722:
9720:
9716:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9632:Heat transfer
9630:
9628:
9627:Heat capacity
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9599:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9586:
9583:
9581:
9580:Negative mass
9578:
9577:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9560:Energy system
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9544:
9541:
9540:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9517:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9497:
9494:
9490:
9483:
9478:
9476:
9471:
9469:
9464:
9463:
9460:
9454:
9451:
9448:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9432:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9418:
9398:
9394:
9387:
9372:
9371:Squirrel News
9368:
9361:
9345:
9341:
9337:
9331:
9315:
9314:
9309:
9303:
9296:
9292:
9288:
9282:
9275:
9271:
9268:
9263:
9256:
9255:
9250:
9246:
9243:
9237:
9221:
9217:
9210:
9202:
9198:
9194:
9190:
9186:
9182:
9175:
9173:
9171:
9169:
9161:
9159:90-04-14649-0
9155:
9151:
9144:
9137:
9136:0-521-42239-6
9133:
9129:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9112:
9093:
9089:
9082:
9075:
9059:
9055:
9049:
9042:
9041:0-471-48997-2
9038:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9023:
9022:
9015:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8995:
8976:
8969:
8963:
8947:
8943:
8937:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8906:
8890:
8886:
8882:
8876:
8869:
8865:
8861:
8858:
8852:
8845:
8841:
8837:
8834:
8828:
8822:
8818:
8815:
8811:
8810:
8805:
8801:
8798:
8792:
8776:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8754:
8751:
8745:
8738:
8734:
8731:
8726:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8683:
8682:Energy Policy
8676:
8669:
8658:
8654:
8648:
8641:
8640:
8633:
8625:
8621:
8617:
8611:
8595:
8591:
8587:
8580:
8573:
8569:
8565:
8562:
8557:
8550:
8546:
8542:
8538:
8535:
8529:
8514:
8510:
8504:
8489:
8485:
8479:
8463:
8459:
8453:
8451:
8431:
8424:
8418:
8399:
8392:
8386:
8378:
8374:
8368:
8352:
8348:
8341:
8333:
8327:
8311:
8305:
8289:
8285:
8281:
8274:
8258:
8254:
8248:
8240:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8211:Energy Policy
8205:
8197:
8193:
8187:
8179:
8173:
8157:
8153:
8147:
8131:
8127:
8121:
8105:
8101:
8097:
8090:
8074:
8070:
8066:
8060:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8011:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7984:
7977:
7962:on 4 May 2012
7961:
7957:
7951:
7936:on 2 May 2013
7932:
7925:
7919:
7917:
7897:
7890:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7856:
7840:
7839:www.evwind.es
7836:
7830:
7815:
7811:
7804:
7788:
7784:
7778:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7718:
7702:
7698:
7692:
7685:
7674:
7670:
7664:
7649:
7648:Offshore Wind
7645:
7638:
7631:
7627:
7624:
7618:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7593:
7588:
7581:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7557:
7549:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7523:
7519:
7515:
7508:
7500:
7494:
7490:
7485:
7484:
7475:
7468:
7464:
7461:
7456:
7440:
7436:
7430:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7373:
7357:
7353:
7347:
7331:
7327:
7326:
7321:
7314:
7299:
7295:
7288:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7245:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7210:
7208:
7199:
7198:CQ Researcher
7192:
7185:
7181:
7177:
7174:
7168:
7152:
7148:
7142:
7127:
7126:
7121:
7114:
7099:
7098:
7093:
7086:
7070:
7066:
7060:
7041:
7034:
7028:
7012:
7008:
7004:
6998:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6959:
6951:
6945:
6930:
6926:
6920:
6918:
6909:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6850:
6848:
6830:
6826:
6819:
6804:
6800:
6793:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6762:
6753:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6719:
6715:
6712:
6707:
6700:
6699:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6681:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6650:
6634:
6630:
6624:
6609:
6605:
6599:
6591:
6585:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6555:
6548:
6544:
6541:
6535:
6533:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6513:
6498:
6494:
6488:
6472:
6468:
6461:
6453:
6441:
6437:
6436:
6431:
6424:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6394:
6393:
6385:
6378:
6374:
6371:
6366:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6289:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6259:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6240:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6210:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6171:
6162:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6128:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6071:
6063:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6046:(6): e12178.
6045:
6041:
6037:
6030:
6019:
6012:
6006:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5945:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5881:
5874:
5868:
5852:
5848:
5842:
5835:
5834:The Oregonian
5831:
5827:
5824:
5818:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5797:
5795:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5750:
5734:
5730:
5724:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5663:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5579:
5575:
5568:
5552:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5515:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5473:
5469:
5463:
5444:
5437:
5431:
5412:
5405:
5399:
5380:
5373:
5367:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5293:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5274:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5254:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5213:
5209:
5202:
5186:
5182:
5176:
5157:
5150:
5144:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5081:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5045:
5041:
5040:CleanTechnica
5037:
5030:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5007:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4962:
4953:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4911:
4907:
4906:Offshore Wind
4903:
4897:
4881:
4878:. Haymarket.
4877:
4873:
4866:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4746:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4660:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4619:
4617:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4563:(2): 305–17.
4562:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4528:
4521:
4515:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4496:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4477:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4425:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4391:
4385:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4257:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4068:(5): 055011.
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4036:
4032:
4026:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3980:
3974:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3642:
3641:Energy portal
3636:
3631:
3628:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3608:
3603:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3384:Wind turbines
3375:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:Access ladder
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:air pollution
3181:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3116:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3046:air pollution
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2968:New York City
2964:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2873:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:BusinessGreen
2785:
2776:
2774:
2764:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2736:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:car batteries
2630:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:load shedding
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1526:
1525:
1510:
1509:MediaWiki.org
1506:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1476:
1464:
1455:
1448:
1437:Growth trends
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:wind turbines
1237:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1212:United States
1203:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
982:
979:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
927:
907:
904:
884:
871:
862:
854:
845:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
773:United States
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
746:wind turbines
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
716:
711:
709:
704:
702:
697:
696:
694:
693:
687:
682:
676:
673:
663:
662:
661:
660:
651:
648:
647:
646:
645:Rapid transit
643:
639:
636:
635:
634:
631:
629:
626:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
611:Skateboarding
609:
607:
604:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
555:
552:
548:
545:
541:
538:
537:
536:
533:
532:
531:
528:
524:
521:
519:
518:Solar vehicle
516:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
503:
502:
501:Green vehicle
499:
498:
495:
490:
489:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
426:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
382:Tidal barrage
380:
379:
378:
375:
373:
372:Marine energy
370:
368:
365:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
299:
296:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
282:
281:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
223:Passive house
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
90:
87:
82:
81:
77:
73:
72:
69:
66:
65:
61:
60:
53:
46:
43:Wind farm in
41:
37:
33:
19:
13923: /
13797:Exploitation
13682:Conservation
13625:Desalination
13560:
13453:conservation
13288:Biodiversity
13236:conservation
13083:Agricultural
13064:
13011:Fossil fuels
12774:Cook Islands
12432:South Africa
12293:Land sailing
12273:Sailing ship
12245:Wind turbine
12236:
12118:Net metering
12065:and policies
11983:Power outage
11952:Utility pole
11916:Pumped hydro
11822:distribution
11817:Transmission
11766:Cogeneration
11738:
11568:Power factor
11412:
11398:
11384:
10875:
10863:
10844:
10792:Hybrid power
10561:Aerodynamics
10457:
10449:
10405:
10393:
10381:
10369:
10189:
10151:Oil refinery
10095:Cogeneration
10049:
10028:Nuclear fuel
9834:Quintessence
9622:Free entropy
9555:Energy level
9519:Fundamental
9400:. Retrieved
9396:
9386:
9374:. Retrieved
9370:
9360:
9348:. Retrieved
9339:
9330:
9318:. Retrieved
9311:
9308:""Freelite""
9302:
9286:
9281:
9262:
9252:
9236:
9224:. Retrieved
9220:the original
9209:
9184:
9180:
9149:
9143:
9123:
9111:
9099:. Retrieved
9092:the original
9074:
9062:. Retrieved
9048:
9020:
9014:
9002:
8994:
8982:. Retrieved
8975:the original
8962:
8950:. Retrieved
8945:
8936:
8924:. Retrieved
8915:
8905:
8895:18 September
8893:. Retrieved
8885:Toronto Star
8884:
8875:
8868:The Guardian
8867:
8851:
8844:The Guardian
8843:
8827:
8807:
8791:
8779:. Retrieved
8764:
8744:
8725:
8713:. Retrieved
8685:
8681:
8668:
8657:the original
8638:
8632:
8624:the original
8619:
8610:
8598:. Retrieved
8589:
8579:
8571:
8556:
8528:
8518:27 September
8516:. Retrieved
8512:
8503:
8493:27 September
8491:. Retrieved
8487:
8478:
8466:. Retrieved
8437:. Retrieved
8417:
8405:. Retrieved
8398:the original
8385:
8377:the original
8367:
8355:. Retrieved
8351:the original
8340:
8314:. Retrieved
8304:
8292:. Retrieved
8283:
8273:
8261:. Retrieved
8257:the original
8247:
8214:
8210:
8204:
8195:
8186:
8172:
8160:. Retrieved
8156:the original
8146:
8134:. Retrieved
8130:the original
8120:
8108:. Retrieved
8099:
8089:
8077:. Retrieved
8069:Nation.Cymru
8068:
8059:
8047:. Retrieved
7993:
7989:
7976:
7964:. Retrieved
7960:the original
7950:
7938:. Retrieved
7931:the original
7903:. Retrieved
7896:the original
7865:
7855:
7843:. Retrieved
7838:
7829:
7817:. Retrieved
7814:E&E News
7813:
7803:
7791:. Retrieved
7786:
7777:
7769:
7731:
7727:
7717:
7705:. Retrieved
7700:
7691:
7683:
7676:. Retrieved
7672:
7663:
7651:. Retrieved
7647:
7637:
7617:
7605:. Retrieved
7592:Toronto Star
7590:
7580:
7556:
7521:
7517:
7507:
7482:
7474:
7455:
7443:. Retrieved
7438:
7429:
7386:
7382:
7372:
7360:. Retrieved
7355:
7346:
7334:. Retrieved
7325:Argus Leader
7323:
7313:
7301:. Retrieved
7297:
7287:
7254:
7250:
7244:
7219:
7215:
7197:
7191:
7167:
7155:. Retrieved
7150:
7141:
7129:. Retrieved
7123:
7113:
7101:. Retrieved
7095:
7085:
7073:. Retrieved
7069:the original
7059:
7047:. Retrieved
7027:
7015:. Retrieved
7006:
6997:
6972:
6968:
6958:
6944:
6934:27 September
6932:. Retrieved
6928:
6863:
6859:
6833:. Retrieved
6829:the original
6818:
6806:. Retrieved
6802:
6792:
6780:. Retrieved
6771:
6761:
6745:(21): 4185.
6742:
6738:
6728:
6706:
6696:
6680:
6668:. Retrieved
6659:
6649:
6637:. Retrieved
6623:
6613:19 September
6611:. Retrieved
6607:
6598:
6584:
6572:. Retrieved
6563:
6554:
6512:
6500:. Retrieved
6496:
6487:
6475:. Retrieved
6460:
6450:– via
6444:. Retrieved
6433:
6423:
6411:. Retrieved
6391:
6384:
6365:
6355:
6346:
6303:
6299:
6288:
6276:. Retrieved
6267:
6258:
6239:
6227:. Retrieved
6218:
6209:
6192:
6188:
6182:
6170:
6161:
6149:. Retrieved
6145:the original
6135:
6084:
6080:
6070:
6043:
6039:
6029:
6018:the original
6005:
5993:. Retrieved
5984:
5975:
5963:. Retrieved
5954:
5944:
5936:the original
5926:
5914:. Retrieved
5909:
5900:
5887:. Retrieved
5880:the original
5867:
5855:. Retrieved
5851:the original
5841:
5833:
5817:
5781:. Retrieved
5777:
5768:
5749:
5737:. Retrieved
5723:
5711:. Retrieved
5702:
5693:
5681:. Retrieved
5672:
5662:
5650:. Retrieved
5646:
5637:
5625:. Retrieved
5620:
5611:
5599:. Retrieved
5595:
5586:
5578:the original
5567:
5555:. Retrieved
5540:
5530:
5514:
5502:. Retrieved
5497:
5488:
5476:. Retrieved
5471:
5462:
5450:. Retrieved
5443:the original
5430:
5420:12 September
5418:. Retrieved
5398:
5388:12 September
5386:. Retrieved
5379:the original
5366:
5354:. Retrieved
5336:
5324:. Retrieved
5320:
5311:
5292:
5273:
5253:
5241:. Retrieved
5236:
5227:
5215:. Retrieved
5211:
5201:
5189:. Retrieved
5184:
5175:
5163:. Retrieved
5143:
5131:. Retrieved
5125:. Gwec.net.
5117:
5105:. Retrieved
5096:
5087:
5079:
5069:
5060:
5048:. Retrieved
5039:
5029:
5022:
5006:
4994:. Retrieved
4989:
4980:
4961:
4952:
4940:. Retrieved
4936:
4926:
4914:. Retrieved
4905:
4896:
4884:. Retrieved
4875:
4865:
4853:. Retrieved
4838:
4826:The Guardian
4825:
4815:
4793:(6): 26–37.
4790:
4786:
4780:
4758:(6): 38–46.
4755:
4751:
4745:
4735:19 September
4733:. Retrieved
4730:ScienceDaily
4729:
4720:
4710:19 September
4708:. Retrieved
4703:
4694:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4624:
4603:. Retrieved
4594:
4585:
4560:
4556:
4546:
4534:. Retrieved
4514:
4495:
4476:
4464:. Retrieved
4450:
4442:The Guardian
4440:
4424:
4412:. Retrieved
4398:
4384:cite journal
4375:
4371:
4358:
4346:. Retrieved
4331:
4294:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4256:
4246:
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4184:
4180:
4167:
4155:. Retrieved
4141:
4129:. Retrieved
4065:
4061:
4051:
4039:. Retrieved
4035:the original
4025:
4013:. Retrieved
4009:
3983:. Retrieved
3973:
3961:. Retrieved
3939:
3933:
3910:the original
3905:
3881:. Retrieved
3878:ScienceDaily
3877:
3853:. Retrieved
3848:
3839:
3827:. Retrieved
3818:
3792:. Retrieved
3783:
3757:. Retrieved
3755:. 7 May 2024
3752:
3717:
3591:
3575:
3552:
3540:accumulators
3513:
3474:
3439:
3426:
3414:
3402:
3398:fossil fuels
3382:
3276:Wind turbine
3261:
3249:
3242:
3234:
3230:
3219:
3196:
3192:
3177:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3077:
3070:
3066:
3050:
3027:
2991:
2987:photovoltaic
2984:
2980:
2965:
2950:
2903:
2891:
2879:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2846:average cost
2839:
2805:
2790:
2770:
2740:
2732:
2703:
2695:
2684:
2681:
2651:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2603:dispatchable
2599:
2591:
2568:Osborne bull
2528:British grid
2520:
2491:
2488:
2471:
2455:
2445:'s goals to
2428:
1412:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1378:
1374:
1301:power factor
1291:
1271:
1254:
1242:
1097:
1093:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1053:proportional
1052:
876:
839:
824:
800:fossil fuels
785:
758:
725:
724:
584:Kick scooter
569:Land vehicle
423:
138:Energy audit
103:Cogeneration
36:
18:Wind-powered
13916:Nationalism
13888:Common-pool
13529:Hydrosphere
13522:remediation
13507:Groundwater
13102:Degradation
12784:New Zealand
12691:Switzerland
12620:Netherlands
12510:Philippines
12450:Afghanistan
12339:Windcatcher
12331:Air current
12229:wind energy
12113:Load factor
11968:Black start
11936:Transformer
11637:Natural gas
11588:Variability
11563:Peak demand
11553:Merit order
11483:Backfeeding
11327:New Zealand
11220:Netherlands
11082:South Korea
11072:Philippines
11012:Afghanistan
10407:WikiProject
10227:Agriculture
10156:Solar power
10122:Tidal power
9996:Natural gas
9986:Fossil fuel
9929:Latent heat
9897:Electricity
9350:10 December
9226:20 November
8984:29 December
8946:inews.co.uk
8781:4 September
8688:(6): 3106.
8217:: 619–627.
8110:16 November
8079:16 November
8049:14 December
7607:16 December
7362:7 September
7336:5 September
7257:: 252–259.
7017:12 December
6975:: 113–136.
6803:www.bbc.com
6502:24 November
6477:11 November
6087:(1): 6146.
5995:23 November
5965:23 November
5916:24 November
5889:27 November
5739:23 November
5713:23 November
5683:23 November
5673:www.bbc.com
5472:Energy Post
5452:5 September
5243:24 November
5217:24 November
5191:24 November
5050:23 November
4996:24 November
4937:www.bmwk.de
4557:Wind Energy
4466:21 November
4297:: 1224–39.
4131:23 November
4015:24 November
3883:24 November
3829:23 November
3794:23 November
3759:2 September
3493:Afghanistan
3417:Albert Betz
3353:Rotor blade
3258:Geopolitics
3040:: far less
2934:Gorlov type
2797:grid parity
2653:Solar power
2542:Variability
2477:Penetration
1505:Phabricator
1408:curtailment
1283:Black start
1258:transformer
1057:third power
842:solar power
788:sustainable
589:Quadracycle
444:Forecasting
377:Tidal power
360:Small hydro
345:Micro hydro
298:Sustainable
163:Energy Star
13973:Wind power
13962:Categories
13911:Extraction
13870:Wilderness
13831:accounting
13814:Management
13780:ecological
13768:tragedy of
13687:Peak water
13672:Efficiency
13645:Sanitation
13587:Stormwater
13580:harvesting
13556:Irrigation
13458:management
13416:gene banks
13357:management
13335:management
13251:resilience
13217:phosphorus
13173:industrial
13151:Management
13127:soundscape
13033:Geothermal
12738:Costa Rica
12610:Luxembourg
12485:Kazakhstan
12455:Bangladesh
12427:Seychelles
12298:Rotor ship
12278:Power kite
12237:Wind power
12155:production
12000:Protective
11931:Super grid
11926:Smart grid
11753:Generation
11687:Geothermal
11578:Repowering
11296:Costa Rica
11057:Kazakhstan
10797:Laddermill
10750:Betz's law
10695:including
10628:Yaw system
10520:Wind farms
10471:By country
10458:Wind power
10450:Wind power
10190:Wind power
10112:Hydropower
10063:components
10018:Hydropower
10008:Geothermal
9958:Sound wave
9869:Zero-point
9799:Mechanical
9784:Ionization
9757:Electrical
9652:Negentropy
9533:Energetics
9340:Energy.gov
9064:6 November
9005:, Oxford:
8715:14 January
8513:Energy.gov
8468:11 January
8407:17 January
8316:17 January
8162:17 January
8136:17 January
7966:17 January
7940:17 January
7905:17 January
7845:4 December
7819:4 December
7793:4 December
7707:4 December
7678:4 December
7653:4 December
7389:: 111847.
7303:1 December
7157:18 January
7131:18 January
7103:18 January
6929:Energy.gov
6835:4 December
6306:: 120467.
6229:18 October
6195:(2): 170.
6151:11 January
5783:20 January
5652:20 January
5627:20 January
5621:GridBeyond
5601:20 January
5557:8 November
5504:20 January
5478:25 January
5356:15 January
5165:23 October
4942:20 January
4916:3 February
4248:World Bank
4222:6 February
4187:: 482–92.
4010:Lazard.com
3963:9 November
3935:BioScience
3732:References
3722:California
3469:See also:
3422:Betz limit
3334:Anemometer
3301:Foundation
3284:See also:
3160:See also:
3073:fiberglass
2834:See also:
2718:See also:
2583:West Texas
2566:, near an
2515:hydropower
1416:super grid
1334:, Portugal
1130:Wind farm
1110:Wind farms
1084:World Bank
1072:by country
835:gas plants
750:wind farms
726:Wind power
621:Watercraft
599:Velomobile
559:Helicopter
387:Tidal farm
350:Pico hydro
335:Hydropower
118:Eco-cities
13921:Renewable
13906:Depletion
13893:Conflict
13775:Economics
13753:enclosure
13712:Resources
13692:Pollution
13609:Watershed
13512:pollution
13443:Seed bank
13438:Rangeland
13320:Fisheries
13305:Biosphere
13298:biopiracy
13241:fertility
13117:cityscape
13112:Landscape
13019:peak coal
13006:Resources
12957:Emissions
12805:Argentina
12769:Australia
12605:Lithuania
12505:Palestine
12480:Indonesia
12250:Wind mill
12063:Economics
11786:Micro CHP
11664:Renewable
11647:Petroleum
11642:Oil shale
11528:Grid code
11488:Base load
11368:Venezuela
11343:Argentina
11322:Australia
11210:Lithuania
11087:Sri Lanka
11067:Palestine
11031:Hong Kong
10301:Australia
10237:Transport
10232:Computing
10200:Wind farm
10127:Wave farm
10001:Petroleum
9981:Bioenergy
9953:Radiation
9892:Capacitor
9814:Potential
9201:110409210
9126:, p. 54.
9101:22 August
8806:" p. 37.
8549:1322-5421
8263:3 October
8239:159387276
7996:: 42–51.
7766:239052649
7421:244696750
7413:1364-0321
7222:: 19–24.
7049:7 January
6989:245874077
6890:0027-8424
6721:The Times
6639:29 August
6338:233706454
6330:0360-5442
6109:2041-1723
6062:2577-8196
5857:29 August
5532:Bloomberg
5326:15 August
5107:15 August
4209:109273683
4100:249227821
4092:2515-7620
3958:0006-3568
3567:Australia
3485:wind pump
3363:Rotor hub
3329:Generator
3156:Community
3022:Livestock
2883:subsidies
2824:Edenfield
2808:Patagonia
2779:Economics
2760:arbitrage
1305:frequency
1297:grid code
1116:Wind farm
1026:ρ
954:ρ
928:ρ
810:or other
779:goals to
742:windpumps
738:windmills
564:Hydrofoil
429:Community
203:Heat pump
113:Eco hotel
13947:Category
13880:Resource
13819:adaptive
13717:improved
13677:Conflict
13662:Security
13657:Scarcity
13650:improved
13640:Leaching
13517:recharge
13497:Drinking
13448:Wildlife
13315:Bushmeat
13310:Bushfood
13263:planning
13168:gemstone
13163:Minerals
13144:property
13132:viewshed
13122:seascape
13053:sunlight
13027:peak oil
13023:peak gas
12838:Category
12820:Colombia
12743:Honduras
12711:Scotland
12630:Portugal
12520:Thailand
12500:Pakistan
12490:Malaysia
12407:Ethiopia
12283:SkySails
12268:Sailboat
12186:Category
11973:Brownout
11761:AC power
11471:Concepts
11358:Colombia
11274:Scotland
11230:Portugal
11145:Bulgaria
11097:Thailand
11062:Pakistan
10979:Ethiopia
10949:Overview
10865:Category
10738:Concepts
10704:Goldwind
10668:Software
10621:Darrieus
10616:Savonius
10581:Floating
10566:Airborne
10508:panemone
10503:Windmill
10491:Turbines
10486:Offshore
10371:Category
9936:Hydrogen
9902:Enthalpy
9804:Negative
9794:Magnetic
9779:Internal
9737:Chemical
9602:Enthalpy
9521:concepts
9402:18 April
9344:Archived
9320:26 March
9270:Archived
9245:Archived
9122:(1986).
9058:Archived
9043:, p. 65.
9035:, 2001,
9025:Archived
8999:Betz, A.
8926:13 April
8920:Archived
8889:Archived
8860:Archived
8836:Archived
8817:Archived
8800:Archived
8775:Archived
8753:Archived
8733:Archived
8706:Archived
8600:30 April
8594:Archived
8572:BBC News
8564:Archived
8551:, p. 28.
8537:Archived
8462:Archived
8439:20 March
8430:Archived
8357:20 March
8326:cite web
8294:20 March
8288:Archived
8284:BBC News
8104:Archived
8073:Archived
8040:Archived
8028:22481052
7870:Archived
7758:34671143
7626:Archived
7601:Archived
7565:Archived
7548:18560493
7463:Archived
7356:BBC News
7330:Archived
7279:28672197
7176:Archived
7151:BBC News
7075:21 April
7040:Archived
7011:Archived
6908:35101973
6782:30 April
6776:Archived
6739:Energies
6714:Archived
6689:Archived
6670:27 April
6664:Archived
6633:Archived
6608:Statista
6574:29 April
6568:Archived
6543:Archived
6520:Archived
6471:Archived
6440:Archived
6407:Archived
6373:Archived
6272:Archived
6247:Archived
6223:Archived
6127:34686663
5989:Archived
5959:Archived
5826:Archived
5806:Archived
5757:Archived
5733:Archived
5707:Archived
5677:Archived
5551:Archived
5523:Archived
5498:BBC News
5411:Archived
5350:Archived
5300:Archived
5281:Archived
5262:Archived
5237:BBC News
5156:Archived
5127:Archived
5101:Archived
5074:Archived
5044:Archived
5015:Archived
4969:Archived
4910:Archived
4886:10 April
4880:Archived
4849:Archived
4830:Archived
4772:12610250
4599:Archived
4527:Archived
4503:Archived
4484:Archived
4460:Archived
4433:Archived
4408:Archived
4342:Archived
4264:Archived
4240:Archived
4213:Archived
4151:Archived
4125:Archived
4041:28 March
3985:28 March
3823:Archived
3788:Archived
3597:See also
3548:Montrose
3532:Marykirk
3516:Scotland
3497:Pakistan
3481:windmill
3339:Electric
3252:NIMBYism
3201:and the
3083:Politics
2929:A small
2749:such as
2621:cables.
2439:in China
1352:Net Zero
1264:system.
1142:Country
1133:Capacity
1066:Through
804:variable
771:and the
769:in China
672:Category
594:Tricycle
479:Windpump
474:Windbelt
449:Industry
128:Ecolabel
123:Ecohouse
93:Arcology
45:Xinjiang
13748:Commons
13737:Related
13702:Quality
13618:Aspects
13544:glacial
13485:Aquifer
13391:Pasture
13342:Forests
13268:reserve
13043:Nuclear
13013: (
12969:Trading
12964:Airshed
12762:Oceania
12701:Ukraine
12671:Iceland
12666:Belarus
12661:Armenia
12656:Albania
12595:Ireland
12590:Hungary
12580:Germany
12570:Finland
12565:Denmark
12550:Austria
12525:Vietnam
12422:Nigeria
12417:Morocco
12288:Iceboat
12002:devices
11712:Thermal
11707:Osmotic
11702:Current
11682:Biomass
11672:Biofuel
11654:Nuclear
11611:Sources
11363:Uruguay
11315:Oceania
11265:Ukraine
11235:Romania
11200:Ireland
11195:Iceland
11190:Hungary
11180:Germany
11175:Georgia
11165:Finland
11160:Estonia
11155:Denmark
11150:Croatia
11140:Belarus
11135:Belgium
11130:Austria
11125:Armenia
11120:Albania
11037:Georgia
11017:Armenia
10994:Morocco
10877:Commons
10714:Senvion
10691:GE Wind
10686:Enercon
10633:bearing
10586:Nacelle
10476:History
10383:Commons
10211:Use and
10070:Biomass
10040:Radiant
9887:Battery
9859:Thermal
9854:Surface
9839:Radiant
9809:Phantom
9789:Kinetic
9767:Binding
9747:Elastic
9730:Nuclear
9725:Binding
9612:Entropy
9510:Outline
9500:History
9376:7 March
9009:, 1966.
8952:2 April
8690:Bibcode
8488:NPR.org
8219:Bibcode
8036:6845478
7998:Bibcode
7736:Bibcode
7597:Toronto
7539:2430245
7445:2 April
7391:Bibcode
7259:Bibcode
7224:Bibcode
6899:8832964
6868:Bibcode
6808:2 April
6469:. TNT.
6446:1 March
6308:Bibcode
6278:16 June
6118:8536784
6089:Bibcode
5070:IEA.org
4855:9 April
4807:3037161
4674:Bibcode
4672:: 332.
4651:3598534
4605:14 June
4565:Bibcode
4536:11 July
4348:8 April
4299:Bibcode
4189:Bibcode
4157:14 June
4123:(DTU).
4070:Bibcode
3855:2 April
3507:or the
3448:History
3442:nacelle
3348:Gearbox
3324:Nacelle
3172:Cumbria
3104:fishers
3062:tourism
2961:battery
2460:by the
1507:and on
1383:in the
1250:nacelle
1100:Weibull
1055:to the
616:Walking
574:Bicycle
547:Plug-in
511:Bicycle
469:Turbine
459:Outline
310:Biomass
293:Biofuel
47:, China
13758:global
13722:policy
13667:Supply
13630:Floods
13597:Sewage
13570:Marine
13562:huerta
13396:Plants
13386:Meadow
13246:health
13224:rights
13212:copper
13190:mining
13088:arable
12988:Energy
12928:Indoor
12848:Portal
12810:Brazil
12789:Tuvalu
12748:Mexico
12733:Canada
12696:Turkey
12686:Russia
12681:Norway
12676:Kosovo
12640:Sweden
12625:Poland
12585:Greece
12575:France
12560:Cyprus
12534:Europe
12515:Taiwan
12465:Brunei
12460:Bhutan
12389:Africa
11697:Marine
11677:Biogas
11348:Brazil
11301:Mexico
11291:Canada
11260:Turkey
11255:Sweden
11245:Serbia
11240:Russia
11225:Poland
11185:Greece
11170:France
11112:Europe
11102:Turkey
11092:Taiwan
11077:Russia
11022:Bhutan
10966:Africa
10896:Energy
10729:Vestas
10724:Suzlon
10709:Nordex
10596:QBlade
10576:Design
10395:Portal
10316:Mexico
10311:Europe
10306:Canada
10291:Africa
10214:supply
10023:Marine
9912:Fossil
9864:Vacuum
9617:Exergy
9538:Energy
9489:Energy
9293:
9240:Anon.
9199:
9156:
9134:
9039:
8814:Mirror
8649:
8590:EDP 24
8547:
8237:
8034:
8026:
7764:
7756:
7728:Nature
7546:
7536:
7495:
7419:
7411:
7277:
6987:
6906:
6896:
6888:
6564:Report
6399:
6336:
6328:
6300:Energy
6125:
6115:
6107:
6060:
5812:, 2019
5409:. BP.
5133:20 May
4805:
4770:
4649:
4639:
4414:8 July
4291:Energy
4207:
4098:
4090:
3956:
3571:
3495:, and
3124:Europe
2953:diesel
2648:2019).
2587:Roscoe
2413:
2363:
2122:
1575:
1233:
1210:
1187:
1164:
865:speed.
670:
464:Rights
305:Biogas
13901:Curse
13707:Right
13549:polar
13539:bergs
13502:Fresh
13470:Water
13183:metal
13107:Field
13058:shade
13048:Solar
13038:Hydro
12923:Index
12815:Chile
12649:Other
12635:Spain
12615:Malta
12600:Italy
12495:Nepal
12475:India
12470:China
12412:Kenya
12402:Egypt
12054:(GFI)
11943:(TSO)
11729:Solar
11717:Tidal
11692:Hydro
11353:Chile
11250:Spain
11215:Malta
11205:Italy
11052:Japan
11042:India
11027:China
10989:Kenya
10984:Ghana
10974:Egypt
10638:drive
10601:Small
10335:Misc.
10045:Solar
9849:Sound
9718:Types
9592:Power
9543:Units
9505:Index
9197:S2CID
9095:(PDF)
9084:(PDF)
8978:(PDF)
8971:(PDF)
8709:(PDF)
8678:(PDF)
8660:(PDF)
8643:(PDF)
8433:(PDF)
8426:(PDF)
8401:(PDF)
8394:(PDF)
8235:S2CID
8043:(PDF)
8032:S2CID
7986:(PDF)
7934:(PDF)
7927:(PDF)
7899:(PDF)
7892:(PDF)
7762:S2CID
7417:S2CID
7043:(PDF)
7036:(PDF)
6985:S2CID
6866:(6).
6549:p. 11
6413:4 May
6334:S2CID
6021:(PDF)
6014:(PDF)
5883:(PDF)
5876:(PDF)
5446:(PDF)
5439:(PDF)
5414:(PDF)
5407:(PDF)
5382:(PDF)
5375:(PDF)
5159:(PDF)
5152:(PDF)
4803:S2CID
4768:S2CID
4647:S2CID
4530:(PDF)
4523:(PDF)
4368:(PDF)
4216:(PDF)
4205:S2CID
4177:(PDF)
4096:S2CID
3753:Ember
3709:Notes
3477:sails
3408:into
3311:Tower
3150:China
2585:near
1235:India
1224:1,064
1201:1,320
1189:India
1178:1,500
1166:China
1155:7,965
1145:Refs
734:sails
540:Twike
414:Solar
13836:good
13785:land
13763:land
13575:Rain
13431:wood
13406:food
13369:Game
13280:Life
13231:Soil
13207:peak
13200:sand
13075:Land
13065:Wind
12940:(US)
12917:(US)
12442:Asia
12316:Kite
11820:and
11739:Wind
11722:Wave
11632:Coal
11047:Iran
11004:Asia
10787:HVDC
10775:grid
10296:Asia
10050:Wind
9991:Coal
9963:Work
9924:Heat
9907:Fuel
9844:Rest
9742:Dark
9707:Work
9575:Mass
9431:Wind
9404:2024
9378:2024
9352:2019
9322:2023
9291:ISBN
9228:2008
9154:ISBN
9132:ISBN
9103:2011
9066:2013
9037:ISBN
8986:2007
8954:2022
8928:2012
8897:2017
8783:2015
8717:2013
8647:ISBN
8602:2012
8545:ISSN
8520:2022
8495:2022
8470:2013
8441:2012
8409:2012
8359:2012
8332:link
8318:2012
8296:2012
8265:2008
8164:2012
8138:2012
8112:2021
8081:2021
8051:2019
8024:PMID
7968:2012
7942:2012
7907:2012
7847:2022
7821:2022
7795:2022
7754:PMID
7709:2022
7680:2022
7655:2022
7609:2009
7544:PMID
7493:ISBN
7447:2022
7409:ISSN
7364:2023
7338:2019
7305:2022
7275:PMID
7159:2022
7133:2022
7105:2022
7077:2006
7051:2012
7019:2020
6936:2022
6904:PMID
6886:ISSN
6837:2008
6810:2022
6784:2012
6672:2012
6641:2010
6615:2022
6576:2012
6504:2021
6479:2017
6448:2021
6415:2021
6397:ISBN
6326:ISSN
6280:2021
6231:2020
6153:2013
6123:PMID
6105:ISSN
6058:ISSN
5997:2021
5967:2021
5955:CNBC
5918:2021
5891:2008
5859:2010
5785:2023
5741:2021
5715:2021
5685:2021
5654:2023
5629:2023
5603:2023
5559:2012
5506:2023
5480:2022
5454:2007
5422:2016
5390:2016
5358:2020
5328:2023
5245:2021
5219:2021
5193:2021
5167:2020
5135:2017
5109:2023
5052:2021
4998:2021
4944:2023
4918:2020
4888:2012
4857:2012
4737:2022
4712:2022
4637:ISBN
4607:2019
4538:2020
4468:2015
4416:2021
4390:link
4350:2012
4224:2015
4159:2019
4133:2021
4088:ISSN
4043:2020
4017:2021
3987:2020
3965:2022
3954:ISSN
3885:2021
3857:2022
3831:2021
3796:2021
3761:2024
3576:The
3489:Iran
3483:and
3434:wake
3427:The
3278:and
3028:The
2753:and
2619:HVDC
2504:and
2494:grid
2395:2014
2375:2019
2335:2002
2308:2006
2288:2008
2268:2009
2248:2013
2221:2015
2201:2016
2181:2018
2154:2021
2134:2022
2094:1986
2074:1995
2054:1997
2027:1999
2000:2004
1959:2005
1932:2006
1898:2008
1878:2009
1844:2010
1817:2011
1790:2012
1763:2015
1729:2016
1709:2017
1682:2018
1648:2019
1614:2021
1587:2022
1561:2020
1558:2015
1555:2010
1552:2005
1430:and
1369:and
1287:Iowa
1118:and
831:coal
740:and
730:wind
638:Tram
454:Lens
434:Farm
424:Wind
419:Wave
13635:Law
13534:Ice
13374:law
13352:law
13330:law
13258:Use
13195:law
13178:ore
13139:Law
13015:gas
13001:Law
12996:Bio
12933:Law
12898:Air
9917:Oil
9189:doi
8698:doi
8227:doi
8215:129
8014:hdl
8006:doi
7994:425
7744:doi
7732:598
7534:PMC
7526:doi
7522:116
7491:–.
7489:376
7399:doi
7387:155
7267:doi
7255:201
7232:doi
6977:doi
6894:PMC
6876:doi
6864:119
6747:doi
6316:doi
6304:227
6197:doi
6113:PMC
6097:doi
6048:doi
5778:IEA
5647:IEA
4795:doi
4760:doi
4682:doi
4629:doi
4573:doi
4317:hdl
4307:doi
4295:114
4197:doi
4078:doi
3944:doi
3784:IEA
3534:in
3522:of
3341:or
3148:In
2943:in
2513:or
2431:TWh
1350:'s
1348:IEA
897:is
833:or
761:TWh
13964::
13025:,
13021:,
13017:,
9395:.
9369:.
9342:.
9338:.
9310:.
9251:,
9195:.
9185:29
9183:.
9167:^
9130:.
9118:,
9031:,
8944:.
8918:.
8914:.
8883:.
8866:,
8842:,
8773:.
8704:.
8696:.
8686:38
8684:.
8680:.
8618:.
8588:.
8570:,
8511:.
8486:.
8449:^
8328:}}
8324:{{
8286:.
8282:.
8233:.
8225:.
8213:.
8194:.
8102:.
8098:.
8067:.
8038:.
8030:.
8022:.
8012:.
8004:.
7992:.
7988:.
7915:^
7878:^
7868:.
7864:.
7837:.
7812:.
7785:.
7768:.
7760:.
7752:.
7742:.
7730:.
7726:.
7699:.
7682:.
7671:.
7646:.
7595:.
7589:.
7571:"
7542:.
7532:.
7520:.
7516:.
7437:.
7415:.
7407:.
7397:.
7385:.
7381:.
7354:.
7328:.
7322:.
7296:.
7273:.
7265:.
7253:.
7230:.
7220:49
7218:.
7206:^
7182:.
7149:.
7122:.
7094:.
7038:.
7009:.
7005:.
6983:.
6973:80
6971:.
6967:.
6927:.
6916:^
6902:.
6892:.
6884:.
6874:.
6862:.
6858:.
6846:^
6801:.
6774:.
6770:.
6743:12
6741:.
6737:.
6695:,
6658:.
6606:.
6562:.
6531:^
6495:.
6438:.
6432:.
6405:.
6354:"
6332:.
6324:.
6314:.
6302:.
6298:.
6266:.
6221:.
6217:.
6191:.
6121:.
6111:.
6103:.
6095:.
6085:12
6083:.
6079:.
6056:.
6042:.
6038:.
5987:.
5983:.
5957:.
5953:.
5908:.
5832:.
5793:^
5776:.
5701:.
5675:.
5671:.
5645:.
5619:.
5594:.
5529:"
5496:.
5470:.
5348:.
5346:BP
5344:.
5319:.
5235:.
5210:.
5183:.
5099:.
5095:.
5068:.
5042:.
5038:.
5021:.
4988:.
4935:.
4904:.
4874:.
4828:.
4824:.
4801:.
4789:.
4766:.
4754:.
4728:.
4702:.
4680:.
4670:88
4668:.
4645:.
4635:.
4615:^
4597:.
4593:.
4571:.
4561:15
4559:.
4555:.
4525:.
4439:,
4386:}}
4382:{{
4374:.
4370:.
4315:.
4305:.
4293:.
4289:.
4211:.
4203:.
4195:.
4185:77
4183:.
4179:.
4149:.
4119:.
4108:^
4094:.
4086:.
4076:.
4064:.
4060:.
4008:.
3995:^
3952:.
3940:65
3938:.
3932:.
3918:^
3904:.
3893:^
3876:.
3865:^
3847:.
3821:.
3817:.
3804:^
3786:.
3782:.
3769:^
3751:.
3740:^
3491:,
3400:.
3266:.
3228:.
3186:,
2978:.
2889:.
2856:.
2613:,
2453:.
2435:GW
1547:40
1544:30
1541:20
1538:10
1418:.
1391:.
1389:MW
1139:)
1137:MW
837:.
790:,
765:GW
756:.
736:,
13029:)
12882:e
12875:t
12868:v
12373:e
12366:t
12359:v
12220:e
12213:t
12206:v
11456:e
11449:t
11442:v
11276:)
11272:(
11033:)
11029:(
10930:e
10923:t
10916:v
10442:e
10435:t
10428:v
9481:e
9474:t
9467:v
9406:.
9380:.
9354:.
9230:.
9203:.
9191::
9138:.
9105:.
9068:.
8988:.
8956:.
8930:.
8899:.
8870:.
8846:.
8785:.
8719:.
8700::
8692::
8604:.
8522:.
8497:.
8472:.
8443:.
8411:.
8361:.
8334:)
8320:.
8298:.
8267:.
8241:.
8229::
8221::
8166:.
8140:.
8114:.
8083:.
8053:.
8016::
8008::
8000::
7970:.
7944:.
7909:.
7849:.
7823:.
7797:.
7746::
7738::
7711:.
7657:.
7611:.
7550:.
7528::
7501:.
7449:.
7423:.
7401::
7393::
7366:.
7340:.
7307:.
7281:.
7269::
7261::
7238:.
7234::
7226::
7200:.
7161:.
7135:.
7107:.
7079:.
7053:.
7021:.
6991:.
6979::
6938:.
6910:.
6878::
6870::
6839:.
6812:.
6786:.
6755:.
6749::
6674:.
6643:.
6617:.
6592:.
6578:.
6506:.
6481:.
6454:.
6417:.
6340:.
6318::
6310::
6282:.
6233:.
6203:.
6199::
6193:3
6155:.
6129:.
6099::
6091::
6064:.
6050::
6044:2
5999:.
5969:.
5920:.
5893:.
5861:.
5836:.
5787:.
5743:.
5717:.
5687:.
5656:.
5631:.
5605:.
5561:.
5508:.
5482:.
5456:.
5424:.
5392:.
5360:.
5330:.
5247:.
5221:.
5195:.
5169:.
5137:.
5111:.
5054:.
5000:.
4946:.
4920:.
4890:.
4859:.
4809:.
4797::
4791:3
4774:.
4762::
4756:3
4739:.
4714:.
4688:.
4684::
4676::
4653:.
4631::
4609:.
4579:.
4575::
4567::
4540:.
4470:.
4418:.
4392:)
4376:1
4352:.
4325:.
4319::
4309::
4301::
4226:.
4199::
4191::
4161:.
4135:.
4102:.
4080::
4072::
4066:4
4045:.
4019:.
3989:.
3967:.
3946::
3887:.
3859:.
3833:.
3798:.
3763:.
3432:"
2570:.
1511:.
1358:.
1135:(
1037:3
1033:v
1029:A
1020:2
1017:1
1011:=
1006:2
1002:v
998:M
992:2
989:1
983:=
980:P
960:v
957:A
951:=
948:M
908:v
905:A
885:A
714:e
707:t
700:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
