320:
247:
101:
386:. Typically titlebars can be used to provide window motion enabling the window to be moved around the screen by using a drag action. Some window managers provide titlebars which are purely for decorative purposes and offer no window motion facility. These window managers do not allow windows to be moved around the screen by using a drag action on the titlebar.
381:
and part of the window decoration provided by some window managers. As a convention, it is located at the top of the window as a horizontal bar. The titlebar is typically used to display the name of the application or the name of the open document, and may provide title bar buttons for minimizing,
184:
Windows usually include other graphical objects, possibly including a menu-bar, toolbars, controls, icons and often a working area. In the working area, the document, image, folder contents or other main object is displayed. Around the working area, within the bounding window, there may be other
353:
enabling the window to be moved or resized by dragging the border. Some window managers provide useless borders which are purely for decorative purposes and offer no window motion facility. These window managers do not allow windows to be resized by using a drag action on the border.
363:
547:
Some window managers display a small icon in the titlebar that may vary according to the application on which it appears. The titlebar icon may behave like a menu button, or may provide a context menu facility. macOS applications commonly have a proxy
507:
Some window managers provide titlebar buttons which provide the facility to minimize, maximize, roll-up or close application windows. Some window managers may display the titlebar buttons in the taskbar or taskpanel, rather than in the titlebars.
164:
was developing Office applications for the Mac at that time. Some speculate that this gave them access to Apple's OS before it was released and thus influenced the design of the windowing system in what would eventually be called
448:
in the title bar. This makes it unnecessary to use the main window for the tabs, but usually results in the title becoming truncated. An asterisk at its beginning may be used to signify unsaved changes.
560:
Some window managers display an icon or symbol to indicate that the contents of the window have not been saved or confirmed in some way: macOS displays a dot in the center of its close button;
580:
provide title bars which are purely for informative purposes and offer no controls or menus. These window managers do not allow windows to be moved around the screen by using a
382:
maximizing, closing or rolling up of application windows. These functions are typically placed in the top-right of the screen to allow fast and inaccurate inputs through
276:
In the predominant layout for modern window decorations, the top bar contains the title of that window and buttons which perform windowing-related actions such as:
296:
The border exists primarily to allow the user to resize the window, but also to create a visual separation between the window's contents and the rest of the
952:
Xerox PARC debuts the first GUI, which uses icons, pop-up menus, and overlapping windows that can be controlled easily using a point-and-click technique.
346:
250:
Typical elements of a window. The window decoration is drawn by an OS-level process such as a window manager. The drawing of the content is the task of
197:
for example in many web browsers, can make several similar documents or main objects available within a single main application window. Some windows in
223:
Any window can be split into the window decoration and the window's content, although some systems purposely eschew window decoration as a form of
350:
273:, usually along the top of each window and a minimal border around the other three sides. On Microsoft Windows this is called "non-client area".
1034:
116:). Their earliest systems supported multiple windows, but there was no obvious way to indicate boundaries between them (such as window borders,
1547:
69:. Text-only displays can also support windowing, as a way to maintain multiple independent display areas, such as multiple buffers in
1486:
862:
995:
969:
914:
888:
686:
Many X window managers for Unix-like systems allow customization of the type and placement of buttons shown in the title bar.
1073:
939:
1542:
62:
152:
had worked with PARC briefly at that time. Apple developed an interface based on PARC's interface. It was first used on
185:
smaller window areas, sometimes called panes or panels, showing relevant information or options. The working area of a
216:
uses the term "window" to refer to an area within its display while a traditional window, such as controlled by an
201:
have a feature called a drawer, which is a pane that slides out the side of the window and to show extra options.
104:
Example of windows on a text-only display. Each grey-bordered area is a separate window showing a different file.
319:
389:
Default title-bar text often incorporates the name of the application and/or of its developer. The name of the
724:
Buttons are on the left side of the title bar. Icon is a proxy for the document's filesystem representation.
426:
190:
109:
827:
327:
46:. It usually has a rectangular shape that can overlap with the area of other windows. It displays the
1346:
1066:
1030:
378:
186:
181:. In a modern full-featured windowing system they can be resized, moved, hidden, restored or closed.
822:
480:
205:
39:
1521:
496:
323:
24:
1326:
1172:
812:
402:
224:
61:
Windows are primarily associated with graphical displays, where they can be manipulated with a
1404:
577:
552:
next to the window title that functions the same as the document's icon in the file manager.
128:
1059:
1016:
341:
is a window decoration component provided by some window managers, that appears around the
311:
and some systems allow for customization of the colors, styles and animation effects used.
251:
73:. Text windows are usually controlled by keyboard, though some also respond to the mouse.
8:
1295:
1285:
1207:
297:
209:
55:
991:
965:
910:
858:
1356:
1263:
1238:
1202:
1101:
77:
884:
1376:
1331:
1096:
488:
166:
113:
20:
1516:
1455:
1440:
1243:
1121:
1116:
1082:
832:
549:
453:
418:
398:
394:
383:
367:
308:
263:
240:
178:
143:
81:
35:
1419:
1361:
1316:
1253:
1233:
492:
445:
441:
236:
194:
66:
935:
1511:
1491:
1465:
1414:
1258:
1111:
837:
817:
157:
132:
89:
85:
100:
1536:
1496:
1351:
1273:
1051:
581:
437:
342:
304:
235:"Window decoration" redirects here. For drapery, shades, shutters, etc., see
246:
1460:
1268:
1228:
1187:
1182:
1157:
1147:
1106:
634:
536:
430:
19:
This article is about the interface element. For the operating system, see
1481:
1450:
1399:
1336:
1162:
585:
528:
436:
in their title bar, sometimes pre- or postfixed by the application name.
422:
410:
331:
405:
options – depending on the computing environment) may exist to give the
1445:
1290:
1197:
153:
149:
472:
buttons; and may include other content such as an application icon, a
409:
some control of title-bar text. Document-oriented applications like a
1506:
1501:
1409:
1383:
1321:
1192:
1167:
1152:
644:
213:
161:
146:", which stands for window, icon, menu, pointer, was coined at PARC.
117:
1341:
1278:
1212:
1177:
1142:
1126:
614:
565:
414:
406:
390:
177:
Windows are two dimensional objects arranged on a plane called the
136:
76:
A graphical user interface (GUI) using windows as one of its main "
539:
may be available from some titlebar buttons or by right-clicking.
393:
running the application also appears frequently. Various methods (
303:
Window decorations are considered important for the design of the
1366:
1300:
1248:
766:
729:
561:
936:"PARC History - A Legacy Of Innovation And Inventing The Future"
484:
691:
473:
198:
124:
70:
938:. Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated. 19 October 2023.
584:
action on the titlebar and may also serve the purpose of a
362:
648:
217:
345:. Some window managers may also display a border around
456:
for system commands relating to the window, such as a
38:. It consists of a visual area containing some of the
511:The following buttons may appear in the titlebar:
349:. Typically window borders can be used to provide
16:Visual area containing some kind of user interface
1534:
42:of the program it belongs to and is framed by a
591:
189:holds only one main object. "Child windows" in
1081:
1067:
239:. For cover or modification of a window, see
983:
957:
902:
876:
850:
1074:
1060:
491:interfaces, the user may move a window by
269:Window decoration typically consists of a
1487:List of graphical user interface elements
571:
204:Applications that can run either under a
361:
326:draw a border around the windows, while
318:
245:
99:
555:
1535:
989:
963:
908:
882:
856:
43:
1055:
220:window manager, is called a "frame".
942:from the original on 3 December 2023
230:
928:
502:
421:of the document being edited. Most
13:
139:). They used overlapping windows.
14:
1559:
1548:Graphical user interface elements
542:
314:
84:, whose main components are the
1037:from the original on 2024-06-03
998:from the original on 2009-09-07
992:"A History of the GUI (Part 5)"
972:from the original on 2009-09-08
966:"A History of the GUI (Part 4)"
917:from the original on 2009-09-08
911:"A History of the GUI (Part 2)"
891:from the original on 2009-09-18
885:"A History of the GUI (Part 1)"
865:from the original on 2009-09-08
859:"A History of the GUI (Part 3)"
800:Icon is menu of window actions
588:from stacking window managers.
262:is a part of a window in most
212:may use different terminology.
1023:
1009:
108:The idea was developed at the
1:
1031:"Nonclient Area - Win32 apps"
843:
452:The title bar often contains
172:
1234:Head-up display in computing
592:In popular operating systems
191:multiple document interfaces
7:
806:
357:
328:compositing window managers
142:During the 1980s the term "
110:Stanford Research Institute
10:
1564:
1543:Graphical control elements
1083:Graphical control elements
828:Human interface guidelines
234:
95:
65:by employing some kind of
18:
1474:
1428:
1392:
1309:
1221:
1135:
1089:
481:graphical user interfaces
379:graphical control element
187:single document interface
36:graphical control element
823:Graphical user interface
324:Stacking window managers
206:graphical user interface
40:graphical user interface
1522:Zoomable user interface
990:Reimer, Jeremy (2005).
964:Reimer, Jeremy (2005).
909:Reimer, Jeremy (2005).
883:Reimer, Jeremy (2005).
857:Reimer, Jeremy (2005).
628:Roll-up (Window shade)
25:Window (disambiguation)
1327:Client-side decoration
813:Client-Side Decoration
578:tiling window managers
572:Tiling window managers
370:
335:
255:
123:Research continued at
105:
23:. For other uses, see
1405:Breadcrumb navigation
440:and some versions of
365:
322:
249:
103:
556:Document status icon
429:the contents of the
401:, setup parameters,
252:application software
298:desktop environment
210:text user interface
1264:Progress indicator
1239:HUD in video games
622:Pin (Keep on top)
495:the title bar and
371:
347:background windows
336:
334:around the windows
256:
131:Research Center /
106:
1530:
1529:
1377:Window decoration
1332:Disclosure widget
1136:Data input-output
1097:Adjustment handle
804:
803:
489:Microsoft Windows
264:windowing systems
260:window decoration
231:Window decoration
167:Microsoft Windows
114:Douglas Engelbart
50:of and may allow
44:window decoration
21:Microsoft Windows
1555:
1475:Related concepts
1456:Inspector window
1441:Alert dialog box
1434:
1337:Frame / Fieldset
1117:Hamburger button
1076:
1069:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
994:. Ars Technica.
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
968:. Ars Technica.
961:
955:
954:
949:
947:
932:
926:
925:
923:
922:
913:. Ars Technica.
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
887:. Ars Technica.
880:
874:
873:
871:
870:
861:. Ars Technica.
854:
833:WIMP (computing)
596:
595:
503:Titlebar buttons
483:, including the
435:
413:may display the
399:escape sequences
384:barrier pointing
368:GNOME Calculator
309:operating system
241:Window treatment
179:desktop metaphor
82:windowing system
30:In computing, a
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1470:
1429:
1424:
1420:Virtual desktop
1388:
1305:
1217:
1131:
1085:
1080:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1001:
999:
988:
984:
975:
973:
962:
958:
945:
943:
934:
933:
929:
920:
918:
907:
903:
894:
892:
881:
877:
868:
866:
855:
851:
846:
809:
594:
574:
558:
545:
505:
442:Mozilla Firefox
433:
366:A title bar of
360:
317:
244:
237:Window covering
233:
175:
98:
67:pointing device
54:to one or more
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1561:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Widget toolkit
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:Layout manager
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1466:Palette window
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1415:Navigation bar
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1259:Loading screen
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:Drop-down list
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1022:
1008:
982:
956:
927:
901:
875:
848:
847:
845:
842:
841:
840:
838:Window manager
835:
830:
825:
820:
818:Display server
815:
808:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
772:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
737:
734:
732:
726:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
699:
697:
694:
688:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
641:
640:
637:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
593:
590:
573:
570:
568:to the title.
557:
554:
544:
541:
533:
532:
525:
522:
519:
516:
504:
501:
359:
356:
316:
313:
294:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
232:
229:
174:
171:
127:Corporation's
97:
94:
90:window manager
86:display server
80:" is called a
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1560:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Look and feel
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:Splash screen
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:Informational
1220:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Toggle switch
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:Command input
1088:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1018:
1012:
997:
993:
986:
971:
967:
960:
953:
941:
937:
931:
916:
912:
905:
890:
886:
879:
864:
860:
853:
849:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
799:
796:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
738:
735:
733:
731:
728:
727:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
650:
646:
643:
642:
638:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
616:
613:
610:
607:
605:Send to Back
604:
601:
598:
597:
589:
587:
583:
579:
569:
567:
563:
553:
551:
543:Titlebar icon
540:
538:
530:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
513:
512:
509:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
447:
443:
439:
438:Google Chrome
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:-selections,
396:
392:
387:
385:
380:
376:
369:
364:
355:
352:
351:window motion
348:
344:
343:active window
340:
339:Window border
333:
329:
325:
321:
315:Window border
312:
310:
306:
305:look and feel
301:
299:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
278:
277:
274:
272:
267:
265:
261:
253:
248:
242:
238:
228:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
182:
180:
170:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
115:
111:
102:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
72:
68:
64:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
1461:Modal window
1431:
1393:Navigational
1371:
1269:Progress bar
1229:Balloon help
1188:Radio button
1183:List builder
1158:Cycle button
1148:Color picker
1107:Context menu
1039:. Retrieved
1025:
1011:
1000:. Retrieved
985:
974:. Retrieved
959:
951:
944:. Retrieved
930:
919:. Retrieved
904:
893:. Retrieved
878:
867:. Retrieved
852:
635:Context menu
575:
559:
546:
537:context menu
535:Note that a
534:
527:Roll-up (or
510:
506:
478:
469:
465:
461:
457:
451:
444:place their
431:HTML element
423:web browsers
403:command-line
388:
374:
372:
338:
337:
302:
295:
275:
270:
268:
259:
257:
222:
203:
183:
176:
154:Apple's Lisa
148:
141:
122:
107:
75:
60:
51:
47:
31:
29:
1482:File viewer
1451:File dialog
1400:Address bar
1163:Date picker
586:status line
564:appends an
529:WindowShade
411:text editor
332:drop shadow
160:computers.
1537:Categories
1446:Dialog box
1310:Containers
1291:Status bar
1198:Search box
1041:2024-06-03
1002:2009-09-14
976:2009-09-14
946:8 December
921:2009-09-14
895:2009-09-14
869:2009-09-14
844:References
225:minimalism
173:Properties
156:and later
118:title bars
1507:Scrolling
1502:Mouseover
1410:Hyperlink
1384:Workspace
1322:Tree view
1317:Accordion
1193:Scrollbar
1168:Grid view
1153:Combo box
1017:"Unknown"
645:Unix-like
619:Minimize
611:Maximize
271:title bar
214:GNU Emacs
162:Microsoft
158:Macintosh
129:Palo Alto
120:, etc.).
78:metaphors
56:processes
1430:Special
1342:Menu bar
1279:Throbber
1213:Text box
1178:List box
1143:Checkbox
1127:Pie menu
1035:Archived
996:Archived
970:Archived
940:Archived
915:Archived
889:Archived
863:Archived
807:See also
615:Menu bar
566:asterisk
521:Minimize
518:Maximize
497:dragging
493:grabbing
479:In many
462:minimize
458:maximize
415:filename
407:end-user
375:Titlebar
358:Titlebar
286:Minimize
283:Maximize
208:or in a
137:Alan Kay
135:(led by
112:(led by
88:and the
1432:windows
1367:Toolbar
1352:Popover
1301:Tooltip
1286:Sidebar
1249:Infobar
1208:Spinner
767:Windows
730:RISC OS
631:Status
625:Resize
562:RISC OS
476:, etc.
454:widgets
292:Roll-up
96:History
63:pointer
1372:Window
1357:Ribbon
1203:Slider
1102:Button
639:Notes
608:Close
524:Resize
485:Mac OS
466:rollup
427:render
307:of an
289:Resize
193:, and
48:output
32:window
1347:Panel
1296:Toast
1254:Label
692:macOS
647:with
602:Icon
576:Some
515:Close
474:clock
470:close
434:title
425:will
377:is a
330:draw
280:Close
199:macOS
150:Apple
125:Xerox
71:Emacs
52:input
34:is a
1517:WIMP
1244:Icon
1122:Menu
948:2023
797:Yes
790:Yes
785:Yes
782:Yes
779:Yes
776:Yes
771:Yes
757:Yes
752:Yes
747:Yes
742:Yes
739:Yes
736:Yes
719:Yes
714:Yes
709:Yes
704:Yes
701:Yes
696:Yes
683:Yes
680:Yes
677:Yes
674:Yes
671:Yes
668:Yes
665:Yes
662:Yes
659:Yes
656:Yes
653:Yes
582:drag
550:icon
487:and
468:and
446:tabs
419:path
395:menu
391:host
373:The
258:The
195:tabs
144:WIMP
133:PARC
1362:Tab
649:X11
599:OS
417:or
218:X11
1539::
1033:.
950:.
499:.
464:,
460:,
300:.
266:.
227:.
169:.
92:.
58:.
1075:e
1068:t
1061:v
1044:.
1019:.
1005:.
979:.
924:.
898:.
872:.
531:)
254:.
243:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
