88:
131:
584:
232:
to segment up the colour wheel into finer gradations. Although the theory has been fine-tuned significantly in the subsequent decades, and though even the basic framework is sometimes subject to significant controversy, Berlin and Kay's work could help explain why colours in many ancient literary works seem to work differently than in modern languages.
194:
being described was. His work was almost immediately misinterpreted as a claim about whether the ancient Greeks could see certain colours or not – a claim with which
Gladstone completely disagreed. Despite this, the misconception of Gladstone's position has been repeated until the present, appearing recently in such works as
231:
hypothesized that early in a language's development of colour terminology, languages would only have a few words for basic colours: beginning with only two words for light and dark, and subsequently developing words for reddish and bluish colours, before they eventually accrued nearly a dozen words
209:
typical for the
Peloponnesus, it became darker and more of a blue-ish colour. Approximately at the same time P. G. Maxwell-Stuart noted that, in general usage the term οἰνωπός – "wine-eyed" – refers to a 'deep reddish-brown', but that its connotations in poetry include, 'drunkenness, blood, and the
193:
make a limited appearance, but in Homer it almost certainly meant "dark", as it was used to describe the eyebrows of Zeus. Gladstone proposed that the
Homeric usage of colour-terms focused not on hue, as contemporary usage does, but was instead primarily referring to how light or dark the object
224:
The 'wine-dark sea' has often been invoked, along with the seeming lack of a word to refer to 'blue' in the
Homeric texts as part of the larger discussion about the development of colour-naming in different cultures. Brent Berlin and Paul Kay's famous 1969 study and subsequent book
210:
abandon which accompanies surrender to alcohol and so, through those associations, it can be made to imply unsteadiness, violence, anger, and even death'. Thus, the epithet, when applied to the sea, could also be evoking its turbulence rather than just its darkness.
117:
is for oxen, for which is it used once in the Iliad and once in the
Odyssey, where it describes a reddish colour. The phrase has become a common example when talking about the use of colour in ancient Greek texts.
604:
219:
278:
339:
588:
167:
303:
563:
383:
538:
413:
20:
184:
43:
334:
324:, uses the phrase in their lyrics; "Just werewolves tossing dollar bills/And the wine-dark sea of Malibu"
437:
61:
40:
528:
403:
142:
95:
A literal translation is "wine-faced sea" (wine-faced, wine-eyed). It is attested five times in the
195:
614:
162:
470:
609:
624:
629:
344:
171:, Gladstone analysed all aspects of Homer's mythical world, to discover a total absence of
8:
268:
259:
559:
534:
409:
379:
254:
227:
81:
87:
358:
75:
271:
on shamanic trance where Wine-Dark Sea is intended as a sensory trigger for trance
161:
One of the first to observe Homer's description of colours was
British statesman
205:
In the 1980s a theory gained prominence that after Greeks mixed their wine with
296:
291:
248:
49:
619:
598:
308:
395:
Through the
Language Glass: Why The World Looks Different In Other Languages
200:
Through the
Language Glass: Why The World Looks Different In Other Languages
317:
91:
Karlovasi, Greece - demonstrating color variation in the
Mediterranean Sea
282:
130:
206:
176:
108:
67:
53:
32:
175:
from the poet's descriptions of the Greek natural scenery. The word
103:
583:
340:
Studies on Homer and the
Homeric Age § Colour controversy
182:
114:
97:
73:
59:
38:
107:
often to describe rough, stormy seas. The only other use of
172:
240:
Homer's translated phrase has been used by other authors:
213:
508:
477:
556:
Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution
496:Sampson, Geoffrey (2013). "Gladstone as Linguist".
423:Sampson, Geoffrey (2013). "Gladstone as Linguist".
376:
Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution
220:Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate
596:
605:Words and phrases derived from Greek mythology
526:
401:
189:), which in later stages of Greek meant blue,
530:Studies in Greek Colour Terminology: Charopos
405:Studies in Greek Colour Terminology: Charopos
235:
316:(2020), a song by American synthwave band
553:
514:
483:
436:Wilford, John Noble (December 20, 1983).
392:
373:
356:
121:
16:Translation of phrase attributed to Homer
86:
31:is a traditional English translation of
495:
435:
422:
214:Development of colour terms in language
597:
335:Ancient Greece and wine § Origins
471:"A Concordance to the Homeric Poems"
168:Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age
125:
357:Alexander, Caroline (Summer 2013).
13:
14:
641:
576:
554:Berlin, Brent; Kay, Paul (1969).
374:Berlin, Brent; Kay, Paul (1969).
345:Color of water § Color names
582:
129:
281:of O'Brian's character Captain
547:
527:Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (1981).
520:
489:
463:
402:Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (1981).
393:Deutscher, Guy (Aug 4, 2016).
1:
498:Journal of Literary Semantics
425:Journal of Literary Semantics
350:
456:
177:
109:
68:
54:
52:: /ôi̯.nops pón.tos/), from
33:
7:
328:
275:The Port-Wine Sea: A Parody
10:
646:
236:Popular culture references
217:
183:
74:
60:
39:
18:
438:"Homer's Sea: Wine Dark?"
277:(1999) a parody novel by
247:(1966) a short story by
101:and twelve times in the
122:Analysis of the phrase
92:
589:Wine-dark sea (Homer)
90:
591:at Wikimedia Commons
207:hard, alkaline water
19:For other uses, see
307:(2014) an album by
165:. In his 1858 book
442:The New York Times
363:Lapham's Quarterly
269:J. Nigro Sansonese
258:(1993) a novel by
141:. You can help by
93:
80:, "eye; face"), a
587:Media related to
320:from their album
290:(1993) a song by
288:Winedark Open Sea
267:(1994) a book by
255:The Wine-Dark Sea
245:The Wine-Dark Sea
228:Basic Color Terms
163:William Gladstone
159:
158:
637:
586:
570:
569:
551:
545:
544:
524:
518:
512:
506:
505:
493:
487:
481:
475:
474:
467:
452:
450:
448:
432:
419:
398:
389:
370:
359:"A Winelike Sea"
265:The Body of Myth
188:
187:
180:
154:
151:
133:
126:
113:in the works of
112:
79:
78:
71:
65:
64:
57:
47:
46:
36:
645:
644:
640:
639:
638:
636:
635:
634:
595:
594:
579:
574:
573:
566:
552:
548:
541:
525:
521:
513:
509:
494:
490:
482:
478:
469:
468:
464:
459:
446:
444:
416:
397:. Random House.
386:
353:
331:
294:from the album
260:Patrick O'Brian
238:
222:
216:
155:
149:
146:
139:needs expansion
124:
82:Homeric epithet
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
643:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
615:Greek epithets
612:
607:
593:
592:
578:
577:External links
575:
572:
571:
564:
546:
539:
519:
515:Deutscher 2016
507:
488:
484:Deutscher 2016
476:
461:
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
433:
420:
414:
399:
390:
384:
371:
352:
349:
348:
347:
342:
337:
330:
327:
326:
325:
311:
300:
297:Off the Ground
292:Paul McCartney
285:
272:
262:
251:
249:Robert Aickman
237:
234:
215:
212:
192:
157:
156:
136:
134:
123:
120:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
642:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
610:Homeric style
608:
606:
603:
602:
600:
590:
585:
581:
580:
567:
565:1-57586-162-3
561:
557:
550:
542:
536:
533:. p. 7.
532:
531:
523:
517:, p. 38.
516:
511:
503:
499:
492:
486:, p. 25.
485:
480:
472:
466:
462:
443:
439:
434:
430:
426:
421:
417:
411:
407:
406:
400:
396:
391:
387:
385:1-57586-162-3
381:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
354:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
323:
319:
315:
312:
310:
309:Jolie Holland
306:
305:
304:Wine Dark Sea
301:
299:
298:
293:
289:
286:
284:
280:
276:
273:
270:
266:
263:
261:
257:
256:
252:
250:
246:
243:
242:
241:
233:
230:
229:
221:
211:
208:
203:
201:
197:
196:Guy Deutscher
190:
186:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
153:
144:
140:
137:This section
135:
132:
128:
127:
119:
116:
111:
106:
105:
100:
99:
89:
85:
83:
77:
70:
63:
56:
51:
45:
42:
35:
34:oînops póntos
30:
29:
28:Wine-dark sea
22:
21:Wine dark sea
625:Ancient wine
555:
549:
529:
522:
510:
501:
497:
491:
479:
465:
445:. Retrieved
441:
428:
424:
404:
394:
375:
366:
362:
321:
318:The Midnight
313:
302:
295:
287:
279:Susan Wenger
274:
264:
253:
244:
239:
226:
223:
204:
199:
166:
160:
147:
143:adding to it
138:
102:
96:
94:
66:, "wine") +
27:
26:
25:
630:Color names
322:Horror Show
314:Good in Red
283:Jack Aubrey
599:Categories
540:9004064060
415:9004064060
351:References
218:See also:
457:Citations
150:June 2023
447:June 23,
329:See also
104:Odyssey
562:
537:
412:
382:
185:κυανός
178:kyanós
110:oînops
44:πόντος
115:Homer
98:Iliad
62:οἶνος
55:oînos
41:οἶνοψ
620:Seas
560:ISBN
535:ISBN
504:: 4.
449:2016
410:ISBN
380:ISBN
369:(3).
191:does
173:blue
198:'s
145:.
69:óps
50:IPA
601::
558:.
500:.
440:.
427:.
408:.
378:.
367:VI
365:.
361:.
202:.
84:.
76:ὄψ
48:,
568:.
543:.
502:4
473:.
451:.
431:.
429:4
418:.
388:.
181:(
152:)
148:(
72:(
58:(
37:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
