659:
5271:
5341:
5323:
3438:
6692:
327:
5257:
339:
6551:
1147:, was set by the government as well, between 1985 and 1990, although never adopted by a decree, as the effort by the Senegalese ministry of education was to be part of a multi-national standardization effort. This alphabet has been used since pre-colonial times, as the first writing system to be adopted for Wolof, and is still used by many people, mainly Imams and their students in Quranic and Islamic schools.
3325:
going on from the speaker's point of view), regardless of whether the action itself takes place in the past, present, or future. Other aspects indicate whether an action takes place regularly, whether an action will surely take place and whether an actor wants to emphasize the role of the subject, predicate, or object. As a result, conjugation is done by not tense but aspect. Nevertheless, the term
720:" (CLAD) is widely acknowledged as an authority when it comes to spelling rules for Wolof. The complete alphabet is A, À, B, C, D, E, É, Ë, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, Ñ, Ŋ, O, Ó, P, Q, R, S, T, U, W, X, Y. The letters H, V, and Z are not included in native Wolof words. They are only used in foreign words.
342:
341:
347:
345:
340:
2589:
The vowels of some suffixes or enclitics do not harmonize with preceding vowels. In most cases following vowels harmonize with them. That is, they reset the harmony, as if they were a separate word. However, when a suffix/clitic contains a high vowel (+ATR) that occurs after a −ATR root, any further
3324:
In Wolof, tenses like present tense, past tense, and future tense are just of secondary importance and play almost no role. Of crucial importance is the aspect of action from the speaker's point of view. The most vital distinction is whether an action is perfective (finished) or imperfective (still
346:
574:
Wolof is spoken by more than 10 million people and about 40 percent (approximately 5 million people) of
Senegal's population speak Wolof as their native language. Increased mobility, and especially the growth of the capital Dakar, created the need for a common language: today, an additional 40
591:, Wolof is spoken by the vast majority of people. Typically when various ethnic groups in Senegal come together in cities and towns, they speak Wolof. It is therefore spoken in almost every regional and departmental capital in Senegal. Nevertheless, the official language of Senegal is
567:
645:
Senegalese/Mauritanian Wolof and
Gambian Wolof are distinct national standards: they use different orthographies and use different languages (French vs. English) as their source for technical loanwords. However, both the spoken and written languages are mutually intelligible.
349:
348:
344:
3495:
Markers of noun definiteness (usually called "definite articles") agree with the noun they modify. There are at least ten articles in Wolof, some of them indicating a singular noun, others a plural noun. In Urban Wolof, spoken in large cities like Dakar, the article
5197:
and
Bassirou Dieng, published in 1989, is a collection of traditional tales in Wolof with French translations. The stories come from the Wolof monarchies that ruled Senegal from the 13th to the beginning of the 20th century.
343:
5770:
Some are restricted or rare, and sources disagree about this. Torrence (2013) claims that all consonants but prenasalized stops may be geminate, while Diouf (2009) does not list the fricatives,
3269:
In Wolof, verbs are unchangeable stems that cannot be conjugated. To express different tenses or aspects of an action, personal pronouns are conjugated – not the verbs. Therefore, the term
5239:دࣷومِ آدَمَ يࣺݒّ دَنُيْ جُدُّ، يَمْ ݖِ تَوفࣹيخْ ݖِ سَگْ اَکْ سَݧْ-سَݧْ. نࣹکّ نَ اِتْ کُ خَمْ دࣴگّ تࣹ اࣵندْ نَ خࣹلَمْ، تࣹ وَرْ نَا جࣴفْلَنْتࣹ اَکْ نَوْلࣹينْ، تࣹ تࣹگْ کࣷ ݖِ وࣵلُّ مبࣷکّ.
459:
Wolof is the most widely spoken language in
Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people (40% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese as a second language. Wolof
5226:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
5631:
5185:
published in 1858, David Boilat, a
Senegalese writer and missionary, included a selection of Wolof proverbs, riddles and folktales accompanied by French translations.
5231:
Doomi aadama yépp danuy juddu, yam ci tawfeex ci sag ak sañ-sañ. Nekk na it ku xam dëgg te ànd na ak xelam, te war naa jëflante ak nawleen, te teg ko ci wàllu mbokk.
731:. Table below is the Wolof Latin alphabet and the corresponding phoneme. Highlighted letters are only used for loanwords and are not included in native Wolof words.
650:, on the other hand, is incomprehensible to standard Wolof speakers, a distinction that has been obscured because all Lebu speakers are bilingual in standard Wolof.
617:, about seven percent of the population (approximately 185,000 people) speak Wolof. Most live near or along the Senegal River that Mauritania shares with Senegal.
6489:, PO Box 582, Banjul, the Gambia, 1995 (no ISBN; this book refers solely to the dialect spoken in the Gambia and does not use the standard orthography of CLAD).
6535:
Government of
Senegal, Décrets n° 75-1026 du 10 octobre 1975 et n° 85-1232 du 20 novembre 1985 relatifs à l'orthographe et à la séparation des mots en wolof.
610:, The Gambia's largest town, although only a tiny minority are ethnic Wolofs, approximately 70 percent of the population speaks or understands Wolof.
6844:
6655:
602:, although about 20–25 percent of the population speak Wolof as a first language, it has a disproportionate influence because of its prevalence in
6973:
6063:
Bichler, Gabriele Aïscha (2003). "Bejo, Curay und Bin-bim? Die
Sprache und Kultur der Wolof im Senegal (mit angeschlossenem Lehrbuch Wolof)".
7216:
6591:
717:
220:
6216:
Swigart, Leigh (1992). "Two codes or one? The insiders' view and the description of codeswitching in Dakar". In
Eastman, Carol M. (ed.).
6084:"Linguistique de la langue et linguistique du discours. Deux approches complémentaires de la phrase wolof, unité sémantico-syntaxique"
6110:""Revisiter 'La grammaire de la langue wolof' d'A. Kobes (1869), ou étude critique d'un pan de l'histoire de la grammaire du wolof"
5652:
6532:, Décret n° 71-566 du 21 mai 1971 relatif à la transcription des langues nationales, modifié par décret n° 72-702 du 16 juin 1972.
637:
because of a misreading by Wilson (1989) of the data in Sapir (1971) that have long been used to classify the
Atlantic languages.
5174:, Emil Magel, a professor of African literature and of Swahili, included the Wolof text of the story of "The Donkeys of Jolof," "
2590:
suffixes harmonize with the root. That is, the +ATR suffix/clitic is "transparent" to vowel harmony. An example is the negative
2586:. They trigger +ATR harmony in suffixes when they occur in the root, but in a suffix, they may be transparent to vowel harmony.
5425:
5627:
5399:
3067:
is inherently geminate and may occur in an initial position; otherwise, geminate consonants and consonant clusters, including
6837:
6648:
6516:
6370:
6280:
5207:
5084:
was translated into Wolof and published in 1987, second edition 2004, and in 2008 with some minor typographical corrections.
5778:, and does not recognize glottal stop in the inventor. The differences may be dialectical or because some sounds are rare.
3071:(), are restricted to word-medial and -final position. In the final place, geminate consonants may be followed by a faint
2652:
Authors differ in whether they indicate vowel harmony in writing, as well as whether they write clitics as separate words.
6538:
Government of
Senegal, Décret n° 2005-992 du 21 octobre 2005 relatif à l'orthographe et à la séparation des mots en wolof.
5804:
6109:
3015:
3005:
1705:
1625:
1100:
1090:
920:
6966:
6504:(this book refers predominantly to the dialect spoken in the Gambia and does not use the standard orthography of CLAD).
5289:
5997:
5984:
6501:
6472:
6454:
6419:
6399:
6347:
6327:
6308:
6225:
6144:
6083:
6072:
5840:
5651:. UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project)/International Organization for Standardization.
5480:
392:
6026:
3559:
546:
7612:
7602:
7209:
6830:
6641:
5143:" "The child looks everywhere and often sees nought, but the old man, sitting on the ground, sees everything." (#2)
1423:
6009:
3399:
to the verb (in a sentence, the temporal pronoun is still used in a conjugated form along with the past marker):
2931:
2315:
2305:
1561:
864:
846:
702:
481:
is the standard spelling and may also refer to the Wolof ethnicity or culture. Variants include the older French
7597:
5570:
5537:
2387:
2377:
837:
317:
7607:
6959:
4262:
242:
6406:— this book uses a simplified orthography which is not compliant with the CLAD standards; a CD is available.
6188:
260:
5966:
2941:
2436:
2426:
2336:
2326:
1439:
1415:
1399:
1253:
1062:
1026:
658:
114:
6610:
5939:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2629:
2602:
2570:
2547:
2530:
2507:
2457:
7202:
5169:
2408:
2398:
2270:
2260:
1689:
1285:
1017:
893:
883:
214:
6566:
2193:; long vowels are pronounced with more time but are not automatically stressed, as they are in English.
4844:
In urban Wolof, it is common to use the forms of the 3rd person plural also for the 1st person plural.
3025:
2959:
2877:
2867:
1721:
1471:
1221:
1205:
1118:
1071:
1035:
801:
792:
667:
606:, the Gambian capital, where 75 percent of the population use it as a first language. Furthermore, in
6624:
6245:
5361:
3448:
2953:
2887:
1719:
1703:
1687:
1671:
1655:
1639:
1623:
1607:
1591:
1575:
1559:
1541:
1525:
1509:
1495:
1493:
1485:
1469:
1453:
1437:
1421:
1413:
1397:
1383:
1381:
1373:
1357:
1341:
1339:
1331:
1315:
1301:
1299:
1283:
1267:
1251:
1237:
1235:
1219:
1203:
1187:
1171:
1163:
1126:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
881:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
819:
817:
808:
799:
790:
413:
108:
5340:
5322:
3614:, which is roughly the number of days in a lunar month (literally "fan" is day and "weer" is moon.)
4847:
It is also important to note that the verb follows specific temporal pronouns and precedes others.
2907:
2291:
2281:
1577:
1080:
1044:
311:
6600:
7592:
7225:
6853:
6664:
5366:
5127:
included a selection of over 200 Wolof proverbs in both Wolof and English translation drawn from
2897:
2824:
2814:
2186:
script invented by Assane Faye 1961, which has been adopted by a small number of Wolof speakers.
1593:
1455:
1317:
1189:
911:
828:
810:
119:
6588:
6867:
6583:
5124:
3425:. Verbs are not inflected; instead pronouns are used to mark person, aspect, tense, and focus.
2834:
2762:
1487:
1375:
1333:
1269:
1128:
902:
452:
of the Niger–Congo language family. Unlike most other languages of its family, Wolof is not a
7617:
7354:
6785:
6622:
OSAD spécialisée dans l’éducation nonformelle et l’édition des Ouvrages en Langues nationales
6616:
6529:
6358:
5483:
5374:
2999:
2980:
2721:
2711:
1657:
1641:
1359:
1053:
990:
929:
626:
449:
129:
124:
5493:
Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
3395:
A speaker may express that an action absolutely took place in the past by adding the suffix
7271:
7123:
6982:
2844:
2731:
2484:
2190:
1673:
1609:
1527:
999:
873:
584:
8:
7545:
7540:
7532:
7255:
7022:
5953:
5645:
5503:
5194:
5087:
2925:
536:
6556:
6041:
5926:
5453:, Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg, 1982. In all fairness, the word might as easily be from
5188:
5119:
3273:
has become established for this part of speech. It is also referred to as a focus form.
7497:
3476:: there is one pronoun encompassing the English 'he', 'she', and 'it'. The descriptors
3473:
3236:
2741:
2678:
1543:
1165:
1008:
630:
550:
303:
7314:
7138:
7037:
7027:
6940:
6927:
6744:
6739:
6697:
6512:
6497:
6468:
6450:
6415:
6395:
6366:
6343:
6323:
6304:
6276:
6221:
6140:
6068:
5836:
5598:
5576:
5566:
5543:
5533:
5476:
5102:
2807:
2756:
2698:
2683:
2354:
855:
6154:
McLaughlin, Fiona (2001). "Dakar Wolof and the configuration of an urban identity".
545:, used also in Spanish: 'ñam' as an onomatopoeia for eating or chewing, in several
7517:
7512:
7455:
7450:
7394:
7384:
7369:
7335:
7309:
7265:
7260:
7178:
7153:
7143:
7118:
7093:
7083:
7078:
7057:
7032:
7017:
7012:
6914:
6909:
6888:
6801:
6764:
6749:
6719:
6714:
6678:
6204:
6163:
5262:
5098:
3244:
2693:
2673:
1144:
663:
532:
518:
366:
5602:
7445:
7414:
7399:
7379:
7340:
7301:
7281:
7183:
7148:
7088:
7047:
6996:
6935:
6920:
6883:
6811:
6806:
6754:
6628:
6595:
5830:
5355:
5141:
Jalele sainou ane na ainou guissetil dara, tey mague dieki thy soufe guissa yope.
4254:
3102:
2972:
2705:
2688:
2299:
698:
592:
468:
100:
90:
6192:
2449:
There may be an additional low vowel, or this may be confused with orthographic
463:
vary geographically and between rural and urban areas. The principal dialect of
7561:
7522:
7507:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7374:
7319:
7291:
7286:
7250:
7242:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7128:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7052:
6759:
6734:
6724:
6482:. UCLA Occasional Papers in Linguistics, No. 19, Los Angeles, California, 1997.
6184:
5797:
5388:
2371:
2179:
453:
441:
202:
197:
181:
85:
6167:
6124:
7586:
7566:
7502:
7487:
7479:
7460:
7409:
7404:
7389:
7276:
7233:
7158:
7133:
7113:
7042:
6729:
5678:
5580:
5547:
5454:
5276:
5081:
3422:
3418:
3248:
2860:
2480:
2222:
1140:
716:
was set by government decrees between 1971 and 1985. The language institute "
634:
445:
193:
7571:
7492:
5284:
5150:" "The roof fights with the rain, but he who is sheltered ignores it." (#8)
5106:
3108:
2917:
1511:
1173:
709:
500:
417:
188:
73:
6822:
6633:
6208:
6091:
5646:"Preliminary proposal for encoding the Garay script in the SMP of the UCS"
5328:
5310:
5157:" "To love the king is not bad, but a king who loves you is better." (#16)
286:
279:
6099:
Cissé, Mamadou (June 2000). "Graphical borrowing and African realities".
3500:
is often used as a generic article when the actual article is not known.
2254:
2217:
504:
421:
6433:. Ifan-Dakar: Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Université de Dakar.
5605:
Proposal to add Arabic script characters for African and Asian languages
3437:
6951:
5760:
Practical Cours in / Cours Practique en Wolof: An Audio–Aural Approach.
5333:
5315:
3072:
3052:
2476:
are written double, the accent mark is often only on the first letter.
2416:
2227:
647:
614:
599:
540:
437:
433:
425:
63:
53:
3319:
3085:
do not occur in the intermediate or final position, being replaced by
7194:
5128:
3060:
2344:
607:
326:
296:
270:
252:
234:
6117:
Sudlangues: Revue électronique internationale de sciences du langage
5451:
Diksyonner Kreol-Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois – Français
3264:
5871:
5256:
2183:
728:
687:
576:
522:
4128:
junni ak juróom-ñeenti téeméer ak juróom-benn-fukk ak juróom-ñeent
3412:
6577:
Wolof resource (Mofeko, Omotola Akindipe & Joanna Senghore),
3555:
3551:
3240:
724:
713:
588:
460:
429:
45:
5164:" "The bird can drink much, but the elephant drinks more." (#68)
6579:
Largest online resource to learn Wolof (with Gambian influence)
6237:
The Clause Structure of Wolof: Insights into the Left Periphery
6175:
McLaughlin, Fiona (2022). "Senegal: urban Wolof then and now".
5473:
The Clause Structure of Wolof: Insights Into the Left Periphery
603:
566:
527:
472:
354:
49:
6605:
575:
percent of the population speak Wolof as a second or acquired
6465:
Dictionnaire wolof-français (suivi d'un index français-wolof)
6067:. Vol. 90. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe.
5895:
5596:
4257:(first, second, third, etc.) are formed by adding the ending
3075:
580:
507:, a common West African rice dish. Now-archaic forms include
464:
6578:
2464:
before a long (prenasalized or geminate) consonant (example
3153:
553:
375:
6621:
3239:. Other non-tonal languages of sub-Saharan Africa include
723:
Wolof is most often written in this orthography, in which
381:
3300:". With that, the following sentences can be built now:
3235:
Unlike most sub-Saharan African languages, Wolof has no
5148:
Poudhie ou naigue de na jaija ah taw, tey sailo yagoul.
4486:
3558:). It is extremely regular in formation, comparable to
5561:
Diouf, Jean-Léopold; Yaguello, Marina (January 1991).
4278:
The one exception to this system is "first", which is
4118:
junni ak juróom-ñeenti téeméer ak ñeent-fukk ak juróom
3610:" (literally, "four-ten"). Alternatively, "thirty" is
6356:
5985:
Folktales from the Gambia: Wolof Fictional Narratives
393:
384:
372:
6687:
5252:
5155:
Sopa bour ayoul, wandy bour bou la sopa a ko guenne.
3550:
The Wolof numeral system is based on the numbers 5 (
2660:
Consonants in word-initial position are as follows:
378:
6340:
Kauderwelsch, Wolof für den Senegal – Wort für Wort
5504:"Orthographe et prononciation du wolof | Jangileen"
3320:
Conjugation with respect to aspect instead of tense
369:
5967:Obituary for Emil Anthony (Terry) Magel, 1945-2024
5354:
3492:, 'younger sibling' to indicate the person's sex.
3484:(female / feminine) are often added to words like
2456:All vowels may be long (written double) or short.
6601:An Annotated Guide to Learning the Wolof Language
5117:In his 1865 collection of West African proverbs,
3265:Pronoun conjugation instead of verbal conjugation
7584:
653:
633:. It is often said to be closely related to the
5858:The Concise Compendium of the World's Languages
5353:
3413:Action verbs versus static verbs and adjectives
3368:". The following sentences can be constructed:
3329:is usual for such conjugated pronouns although
16:Language of Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania
6463:Arame Fal, Rosine Santos, Jean Léonce Doneux:
6318:Diouf, Jean-Léopold; Yaguello, Marina (1991).
6183:
3537:Miscellaneous articles: "si, gi, wi, mi, li."
3284:" and cannot be changed; the temporal pronoun
2649:behave as if they are their own −ATR analogs.
2612:
467:, for instance, is an urban mixture of Wolof,
7210:
6967:
6838:
6649:
6317:
5560:
5530:Dictionnaire wolof-français et français-wolof
2582:There are no −ATR analogs of the high vowels
2561:
2521:
6389:
6101:Revue du Musée National d'Ethnologie d'Osaka
6042:Du Tieddo au Talibé: Contes et Mythes Wolof
6039:Kesteloot, Lilyan; Dieng, Bassirou. (1989).
5855:
3390:I usually/regularly/normally/am about to go.
3097:do occur finally, but only as allophones of
3063:. (Geminate consonants are written double.)
2616:
697:Phonetic transcriptions are printed between
561:
494:
488:
482:
6852:
6663:
6365:. Chennevières-sur-Marne, France: Assimil.
6139:. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
5592:
5590:
5237:
5229:
499:, which now typically refers either to the
407:
401:
33:
27:
7217:
7203:
6974:
6960:
6845:
6831:
6656:
6642:
6177:Urban Contact Dialects and Language Change
6174:
6153:
5475:, John Benjamins Publishing, 2013, p. 20,
5457:
5135:of 1826. Here are some of those proverbs:
3503:Any loan noun from French or English uses
3259:
727:have a clear one-to-one correspondence to
325:
5915:Encyclopedia of African Literature, p 801
5178:" accompanied by an English translation.
3043:All simple nasals, oral stops apart from
2608:
718:Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar
221:Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar
6981:
6480:Ay Baati Wolof – A Wolof Dictionary
6253:Occasional Papers in Applied Linguistics
6234:
5587:
5238:
5162:Lou mpithie nana, nanetil nane ou gneye.
3358:I am soon / I will soon / I will be soon
3298:I am soon / I will soon / I will be soon
657:
565:
408:
337:
34:
6390:Malherbe, Michel; Sall, Cheikh (1989).
6363:Le wolof de poche – Kit de conversation
6215:
6062:
5856:Campbell, George; King, Gareth (2011).
5643:
3382:I will go soon / I am just going to go.
1143:-based script of Wolof, referred to as
521:is believed to have adopted some Wolof
428:that is split between the countries of
7585:
7224:
6357:Franke, Michael; Diouf, Jean Léopold;
6337:
6320:J'apprends le Wolof – Damay jàng wolof
6289:
6270:
6243:
5616:
3472:Wolof does not mark natural gender as
3081:Of the consonants in the chart above,
7198:
6955:
6826:
6637:
6444:
6298:
6098:
6081:
5527:
5306:
5304:
5208:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4493:
2620:
2178:Additionally, another script exists:
1950:Vowel at the middle or end of a word
6613:partially available at Google Books.
6428:
6409:
6380:
6342:. Bielefeld: Reise Know-How Verlag.
6334:— 1 textbook with 4 audio cassettes.
5828:
5752:
5563:J'apprends le wolof Damay jàng wolof
5375:participating institution membership
4487:Conjugation of the temporal pronouns
4481:
4397:
3517:Four nouns referring to persons use
3432:
3428:
6156:Journal of African Cultural Studies
5449:Danielle D'Offay & Guy Lionet,
3602:" (literally, "ten and five one"),
3545:
3510:Most Arabic or religious terms use
3374:I go already / I have already gone.
13:
6259:. Dallas International University.
6134:
5727:
5644:Everson, Michael (26 April 2012).
5423:
5301:
5290:List of proposed etymologies of OK
5112:
4249:
2553:
2513:
690:consonants and long double vowels.
440:. Like the neighbouring languages
14:
7629:
6542:
6494:Wolof Dictionary & Phrasebook
6392:Parlons Wolof – Langue et culture
6377:— (Phrasebook/grammar with 1 CD).
6107:
5597:Priest, Lorna A; Hosken, Martin;
4855:
4696:(Explicative and/or Descriptive)
3417:Wolof has two main verb classes:
3024:
3014:
3004:
2979:
2958:
2952:
2940:
2930:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2435:
2425:
2407:
2397:
2386:
2376:
2353:
2335:
2325:
2314:
2304:
2290:
2280:
2269:
2259:
1736:Vowel at the beginning of a word
620:
587:, and also west and southwest of
6690:
6611:A French-Wolof-French dictionary
6549:
6467:. Karthala, Paris, France 1990,
6193:"The intonation system of Wolof"
5803:. Peace Corps The Gambia. 1995.
5676:
5622:Currah, Galien (26 August 2015)
5339:
5321:
5269:
5255:
3436:
365:
6584:Easy wolof (iPhone application)
6431:Initiation a la Grammaire Wolof
6301:Grammaire du wolof contemporain
6051:
6033:
6018:
6010:Boilat, David, abbé (1814—1901)
6003:
5991:
5976:
5960:
5945:
5933:
5927:Wit and Wisdom from West Africa
5918:
5909:
5888:
5864:
5849:
5822:
5810:from the original on 2007-06-23
5790:
5781:
5764:
5739:
5718:
5705:
5696:
5670:
5658:from the original on 2013-08-19
5637:
5554:
5405:from the original on 2013-09-04
5120:Wit and Wisdom from West Africa
3924:juróom-benn-fukk ak juróom-benn
3047:and glottal, and the sonorants
2189:The first syllable of words is
1679:
1517:
1477:
1461:
1445:
1429:
1405:
1365:
1323:
1275:
1243:
1124:
1086:
982:
970:
879:
769:
703:International Phonetic Alphabet
6383:Wolof: An Audio-Aural Approach
6137:Wolof Phonology and Morphology
6082:Cisse, Momar (February 2005).
6065:Europäische Hochschulschriften
6027:Grammaire de la Langue Woloffe
5735:Wolof Phonology and Morphology
5521:
5496:
5487:
5465:
5443:
5417:
5381:
5347:
5201:
5183:Grammaire de la Langue Woloffe
2557:
2517:
88:: 7.1 million (2013–2021)
1:
6617:PanAfrican L10n page on Wolof
6478:Pamela Munro, Dieynaba Gaye:
5798:"Wollof - English Dictionary"
5295:
5075:
4108:junni ak juróom-benni téeméer
3534:, "the girls, the boutiques"
2655:
2637:'I did not begin them there.'
654:Orthography and pronunciation
629:, which are characterized by
353:A Wolof speaker, recorded in
6385:. United States Peace Corps.
6299:Diouf, Jean-Léopold (2003).
6294:. Paris: Présence Africaine.
6179:. Routledge. pp. 47–65.
5971:Harrod Brothers Funeral Home
5528:Diouf, Jean-Léopold (2003).
5109:is partially sung in Wolof.
4978:Can you repeat that please?
4282:(or the adapted French word
3507:"the boutique, the friend."
2641:where harmony would predict
2414:
2369:
2342:
2297:
2252:
2196:
640:
7:
6447:Dictionnaire Français-Wolof
5829:Ngom, Fallou (2003-01-01).
5715:is rare (Torrence 2013:10).
5430:Online Etymology Dictionary
5248:
4981:Baamtuwaat ko, nga baalma?
4957:Kafe laa bëgg, nga baalma.
4850:
3586:" (literally, "five-one"),
3540:
3055:(doubled), though geminate
2206:The vowels are as follows:
701:following the rules of the
579:. In the whole region from
541:
331:Areas where Wolof is spoken
10:
7634:
6496:, Hippocrene Books, 2005,
6381:Gaye, Pape Amadou (1980).
6292:Grammaire de Wolof Moderne
4986:Please speak more slowly.
4954:I'd like a coffee please.
3526:, 'the person, the people"
3514:, "the mosque, the girl."
3306:I am going (here and now).
3254:
3089:and zero, though geminate
2495:are the −ATR analogues of
2073:
1986:
1151:Wolofal (Arabic) alphabet
1149:
668:Church of the Pater Noster
570:States of the Wolof Empire
558:, also meaning "to eat").
549:meaning "to eat" (compare
290: – Gambian Wolof
7554:
7531:
7478:
7438:
7362:
7353:
7328:
7300:
7241:
7232:
7071:
7005:
6989:
6902:
6876:
6860:
6794:
6778:
6707:
6685:
6671:
6509:Wolof Lexicon and Grammar
6487:Wollof-English Dictionary
6273:Wolof Lexicon and Grammar
6235:Torrence, Harold (2013).
6168:10.1080/13696810120107104
5508:jangileen.kalam-alami.net
5362:Oxford English Dictionary
5171:Folktales from the Gambia
5018:How much does this cost?
4793:
4744:
4693:
4644:
4595:
4547:Situative (Presentative)
4546:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4409:
4406:
4404:
3467:
2998:
2971:
2951:
2924:
2755:
2704:
2670:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2201:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2106:
2078:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1769:
1713:
1697:
1681:
1665:
1649:
1633:
1617:
1601:
1585:
1569:
1553:
1535:
1519:
1503:
1479:
1463:
1447:
1431:
1407:
1391:
1367:
1351:
1325:
1309:
1293:
1277:
1261:
1245:
1229:
1213:
1197:
1181:
1157:
670:, Jerusalem. The letters
562:Geographical distribution
547:Caribbean English Creoles
324:
310:
294:
268:
250:
232:
227:
213:
208:
178:
151:
97:
79:
69:
59:
41:
26:
21:
6589:Wolof Language Resources
6338:Franke, Michael (2002).
6246:"Vowel Harmony in Wolof"
6220:. Multilingual Matters.
5973:. Accessed July 23 2024.
5924:Burton, Richard (1865).
5872:"Learn Wolof with uTalk"
5612:. pp. 13–18, 34–37.
5565:. Karthala. p. 11.
5532:. Karthala. p. 35.
5236:
5221:Wolofal (Arabic) Script
5176:Fari Mbam Ci Rew i Jolof
4941:Maangilay sant bu baax.
4261:(pronounced ayl) to the
3870:ñaar-fukk ak juróom-benn
3532:-yi: jigéen-yi, butik-yi
3512:-Ji: Jumma-Ji, jigéen-ji
3407:I already went to Dakar.
3366:I (am) regularly/usually
3360:"; the temporal pronoun
3352:", the temporal pronoun
3344:"; the temporal pronoun
3333:might be a better term.
3292:"; the temporal pronoun
3230:
712:orthography of Wolof in
7613:Languages of Mauritania
7603:Languages of the Gambia
6854:Languages of Mauritania
6665:Languages of the Gambia
6449:. Paris: L’Asiathèque.
6445:Cissé, Mamadou (1998).
5367:Oxford University Press
5168:In the appendix to his
5010:Where are the toilets?
4997:Xawma li nga bëgg wax.
3505:-bi: butik-bi, xarit-bi
3260:Notable characteristics
3196:("to close one's eyes")
2105:
1990:
1878:
1773:
666:in Latin-script Wolof,
554:
416:language spoken by the
6903:Unrecognized languages
6394:. Paris: L'Harmattan.
6359:Pozdniakov, Konstantin
6290:Diagne, Pathé (1971).
6244:Unseth, Carla (2009).
6024:Boilat, David (1858).
6015:Accessed July 23 2024.
5458:
5230:
5125:Richard Francis Burton
3984:téeméer ak juróom-benn
3480:(male / masculine) or
3445:This section is empty.
3336:For example, the verb
3166:("somewhere, nowhere")
3162:("to (tell a) lie") -
3138:("a royal servant") -
691:
571:
495:
489:
483:
402:
357:
28:
7598:Senegambian languages
6786:Gambian Sign Language
6530:Government of Senegal
6511:, NALRC Press, 2006,
6410:Ngom, Fallou (2003).
6271:Camara, Sana (2006).
6209:10.1515/ling.2001.038
4938:Thank you very much.
4074:juróom-ñeenti téeméer
3093:are common. Phonetic
2634:begin-NEG-1SG-3PL-LOC
2479:Vowels fall into two
735:Wolof Latin alphabet
661:
627:Senegambian languages
569:
352:
7608:Languages of Senegal
7072:Indigenous languages
6983:Languages of Senegal
6708:Indigenous languages
6485:Peace Corps Gambia:
5982:Magil, Emil (1984).
5090:published his novel
4994:I don't understand.
4268:For example, two is
4064:juróom-ñetti téeméer
4054:juróom-ñaari téeméer
4044:juróom-benni téeméer
3850:fukk ak juróom-ñeent
3403:Demoon naa Ndakaaru.
3350:I already/definitely
3132:("to be glimmering")
3128:("to catch fire") -
686:are visible, as are
625:Wolof is one of the
448:, it belongs to the
6795:Immigrant languages
6429:Samb, Amar (1983).
6322:. Paris: Karthala.
6303:. Paris: Karthala.
5951:Dard, Jean (1826).
5624:ORTHOGRAPHE WOLOFAL
5365:(Online ed.).
5190:Du Tieddo au Talibé
5088:Boubacar Boris Diop
5061:Ñu fanaan ci jàmm.
5021:Bii ñaata lay jar?
4973:Ban waxtu moo jot?
4208:juróom-ñeenti junni
3840:fukk ak juróom-ñett
3830:fukk ak juróom-ñaar
3820:fukk ak juróom-benn
3596:fukk ak juróom benn
2667:
2578:'You (plural) hit.'
2538:'You (plural) ate.'
2211:
1951:
1737:
1152:
736:
93:: 16 million (2021)
7226:Atlantic languages
7006:National languages
6877:National languages
6627:2008-05-13 at the
6594:2008-06-02 at the
6524:Official documents
6414:. Munich: LINCOM.
5758:Pape Amadou Gaye,
5747:⟨n̈⟩
5601:(12 August 2010).
5094:in Wolof in 2002.
4917:Baax na, jërëjëf.
4198:juróom-ñetti junni
4188:juróom-ñaari junni
4178:juróom-benni junni
3474:grammatical gender
3290:I/me, here and now
3276:Example: The verb
3202:(a family name) -
3176:("to regurgitate")
2796:⟨ng⟩
2788:⟨nj⟩
2780:⟨nd⟩
2772:⟨mb⟩
2663:
2643:*door-u-më-léén-fë
2483:sets according to
2209:
1949:
1735:
1150:
734:
692:
631:consonant mutation
572:
551:Seychellois Creole
450:Senegambian branch
358:
283: – Wolof
7580:
7579:
7474:
7473:
7349:
7348:
7192:
7191:
6990:Official language
6949:
6948:
6941:Hassaniyya Arabic
6861:Official language
6820:
6819:
6698:The Gambia portal
6672:Official language
6517:978-1-59703-012-0
6372:978-2-7005-4020-8
6282:978-1-59703-012-0
6135:Ka, Omar (1994).
6013:Oxford Reference.
5599:SIL International
5471:Torrence, Harold
5424:Harper, Douglas.
5373:(Subscription or
5337:(27th ed., 2024)
5319:(27th ed., 2024)
5246:
5245:
5206:Article 1 of the
5073:
5072:
4970:What time is it?
4925:Ma ngi lay ñaan.
4842:
4841:
4482:Temporal pronouns
4479:
4478:
4398:Personal pronouns
4395:
4394:
4247:
4246:
3954:juróom-ñeent-fukk
3530:Plural nouns use
3465:
3464:
3429:Consonant harmony
3314:I will go (soon).
3192:("to believe") -
3172:("white gold") -
3041:
3040:
3030:⟨y⟩
3020:⟨l⟩
3010:⟨w⟩
2985:⟨r⟩
2964:⟨x⟩
2946:⟨s⟩
2936:⟨f⟩
2912:⟨q⟩
2902:⟨k⟩
2892:⟨c⟩
2882:⟨t⟩
2872:⟨p⟩
2863:
2849:⟨g⟩
2839:⟨j⟩
2829:⟨d⟩
2819:⟨b⟩
2810:
2765:
2746:⟨ŋ⟩
2736:⟨ñ⟩
2726:⟨n⟩
2716:⟨m⟩
2626:Door-u-ma-leen-fa
2599:Door-u-ma-leen-fa
2462:⟨à⟩
2447:
2446:
2431:⟨a⟩
2403:⟨o⟩
2382:⟨e⟩
2359:⟨ë⟩
2331:⟨ó⟩
2310:⟨é⟩
2286:⟨u⟩
2265:⟨i⟩
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
1945:
1944:
1729:
1728:
1137:
1136:
350:
336:
335:
215:Regulated by
7625:
7360:
7359:
7239:
7238:
7219:
7212:
7205:
7196:
7195:
6976:
6969:
6962:
6953:
6952:
6930:
6923:
6847:
6840:
6833:
6824:
6823:
6700:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6658:
6651:
6644:
6635:
6634:
6553:
6552:
6492:Nyima Kantorek:
6460:
6434:
6425:
6405:
6386:
6376:
6353:
6333:
6314:
6295:
6286:
6260:
6250:
6240:
6231:
6212:
6189:Robert, Stéphane
6180:
6171:
6150:
6131:
6129:
6123:. Archived from
6114:
6108:Cissé, Mamadou.
6104:
6095:
6090:. Archived from
6078:
6046:
6037:
6031:
6022:
6016:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5980:
5974:
5964:
5958:
5954:Grammaire Wolofe
5949:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:. Biblewolof.com
5896:"Biblewolof.com"
5892:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5809:
5802:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5779:
5768:
5762:
5756:
5750:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5725:
5724:Torrence 2013:11
5722:
5716:
5709:
5703:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5657:
5650:
5641:
5635:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5594:
5585:
5584:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5485:
5469:
5463:
5461:
5447:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5404:
5393:
5389:"Wolof Brochure"
5385:
5379:
5378:
5370:
5358:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5326:
5325:
5308:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5265:
5263:Languages portal
5260:
5259:
5241:
5240:
5233:
5212:
5211:
5195:Lilyan Kesteloot
5133:Grammaire Wolofe
5069:Ba beneen yóon.
5042:Good afternoon.
4946:You're welcome.
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4491:
4490:
4402:
4401:
4293:
4292:
4098:junni ak téeméer
3944:juróom-ñett-fukk
3934:juróom-ñaar-fukk
3914:juróom-benn-fukk
3617:
3616:
3546:Cardinal numbers
3488:, 'friend', and
3460:
3457:
3447:You can help by
3440:
3433:
3327:temporal pronoun
3271:temporal pronoun
3031:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3011:
3008:
2986:
2983:
2965:
2962:
2956:
2947:
2944:
2937:
2934:
2920:
2913:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2893:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2859:
2850:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2830:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2806:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2770:
2761:
2747:
2744:
2737:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2717:
2714:
2668:
2665:Wolof consonants
2662:
2631:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2575:hit-PAST-FIN.2PL
2572:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2535:eat-PAST-FIN.2PL
2532:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2499:. For example,
2463:
2459:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2360:
2357:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2212:
2208:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1573:
1571:
1565:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1403:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1329:
1327:
1321:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1247:
1241:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1153:
1132:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
887:
877:
868:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
814:
805:
796:
737:
733:
557:
544:
498:
492:
486:
411:
410:
405:
396:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
351:
329:
320:
306:
289:
282:
273:
264:
263:
255:
246:
245:
237:
191:(Wolof alphabet)
184:
103:
37:
36:
31:
19:
18:
7633:
7632:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7550:
7527:
7470:
7434:
7345:
7324:
7296:
7228:
7223:
7193:
7188:
7067:
7001:
6985:
6980:
6950:
6945:
6926:
6919:
6898:
6872:
6856:
6851:
6821:
6816:
6790:
6774:
6703:
6696:
6691:
6689:
6683:
6667:
6662:
6629:Wayback Machine
6596:Wayback Machine
6574:
6573:
6572:
6554:
6550:
6545:
6457:
6422:
6402:
6373:
6350:
6330:
6311:
6283:
6275:. NALRC Press.
6248:
6228:
6185:Rialland, Annie
6147:
6127:
6112:
6075:
6054:
6049:
6038:
6034:
6023:
6019:
6008:
6004:
5996:
5992:
5981:
5977:
5965:
5961:
5950:
5946:
5938:
5934:
5923:
5919:
5914:
5910:
5901:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5880:
5878:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5854:
5850:
5843:
5827:
5823:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5769:
5765:
5757:
5753:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5733:Omar Ka, 1994,
5732:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5710:
5706:
5701:
5697:
5687:
5685:
5675:
5671:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5648:
5642:
5638:
5621:
5617:
5609:
5595:
5588:
5573:
5559:
5555:
5540:
5526:
5522:
5513:
5511:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5492:
5488:
5470:
5466:
5448:
5444:
5434:
5432:
5422:
5418:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5372:
5352:
5348:
5338:
5327:
5320:
5309:
5302:
5298:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5251:
5242:
5204:
5115:
5113:Oral literature
5097:The 1994 song "
5078:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4695:
4489:
4484:
4400:
4380:juróom-ñeentéél
4263:cardinal number
4255:Ordinal numbers
4252:
4250:Ordinal numbers
4034:juróomi téeméer
3994:téeméer ak fukk
3974:téeméer ak benn
3548:
3543:
3470:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3431:
3415:
3322:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3233:
3186:(a kind of bed)
3103:final devoicing
3059:only occurs in
3029:
3019:
3009:
2984:
2963:
2945:
2935:
2911:
2901:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2848:
2838:
2828:
2818:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2715:
2658:
2639:
2630:/dɔːrumalɛːnfa/
2624:
2603:/dɔːrumalɛːnfa/
2580:
2565:
2540:
2525:
2468:"arena"). When
2461:
2430:
2402:
2381:
2358:
2330:
2309:
2285:
2264:
2204:
2199:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1718:
1712:
1702:
1696:
1686:
1680:
1670:
1664:
1654:
1648:
1638:
1632:
1622:
1616:
1606:
1600:
1590:
1584:
1574:
1568:
1558:
1552:
1540:
1534:
1524:
1518:
1508:
1502:
1484:
1478:
1468:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1412:
1406:
1396:
1390:
1372:
1366:
1356:
1350:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1308:
1298:
1292:
1282:
1276:
1266:
1260:
1250:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1202:
1196:
1186:
1180:
1162:
1156:
699:square brackets
656:
643:
623:
564:
420:in much of the
394:
368:
364:
338:
332:
316:
302:
285:
284:
278:
277:
269:
259:
258:
251:
241:
240:
233:
209:Official status
201:
192:
185:
180:
147:
104:
101:Language family
99:
89:
82:
81:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
7631:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7593:Wolof language
7578:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7543:
7537:
7535:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7484:
7482:
7476:
7475:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7366:
7364:
7357:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7343:
7338:
7332:
7330:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7247:
7245:
7236:
7230:
7229:
7222:
7221:
7214:
7207:
7199:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6993:
6991:
6987:
6986:
6979:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6956:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6932:
6931:
6924:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6880:
6878:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6857:
6850:
6849:
6842:
6835:
6827:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6782:
6780:
6779:Sign languages
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6661:
6660:
6653:
6646:
6638:
6632:
6631:
6619:
6614:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6586:
6581:
6567:Wolof language
6555:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6543:External links
6541:
6540:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6526:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6505:
6490:
6483:
6476:
6461:
6455:
6441:
6440:
6436:
6435:
6426:
6420:
6407:
6400:
6387:
6378:
6371:
6354:
6348:
6335:
6328:
6315:
6309:
6296:
6287:
6281:
6267:
6266:
6262:
6261:
6241:
6232:
6226:
6213:
6203:(5): 893–939.
6181:
6172:
6162:(2): 153–172.
6151:
6145:
6132:
6130:on 2011-07-08.
6105:
6096:
6094:on 2006-12-16.
6079:
6073:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6032:
6030:. pp. 372-412.
6017:
6002:
6000:, pp. 154-157.
5990:
5988:. pp. 205-208.
5975:
5959:
5944:
5932:
5917:
5908:
5887:
5863:
5848:
5841:
5821:
5789:
5780:
5763:
5751:
5749:in some texts.
5738:
5726:
5717:
5704:
5695:
5669:
5636:
5615:
5586:
5571:
5553:
5538:
5520:
5495:
5486:
5464:
5442:
5416:
5380:
5346:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5266:
5250:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5234:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5203:
5200:
5166:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5114:
5111:
5103:Youssou N'Dour
5077:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:Good evening.
5047:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5037:Suba ak jàmm.
5035:
5034:Good morning.
5031:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5013:Ani wanag yi?
5011:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4901:Waaw jërëjëf.
4899:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4875:
4857:
4856:Sample phrases
4854:
4852:
4849:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:juróom-ñettéél
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:juróom-ñaaréél
4357:
4353:
4352:
4350:juróom-bennéél
4347:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4272:and second is
4251:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:téeméeri junni
4225:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:ñeenti téeméer
4021:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3810:fukk ak juróom
3807:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3621:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3524:nit-ki, nit-ñi
3469:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3443:
3441:
3430:
3427:
3414:
3411:
3331:aspect pronoun
3321:
3318:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3148:("funeral") -
3143:
3133:
3123:
3069:nt, nc, nk, nq
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2950:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2904:
2894:
2884:
2874:
2864:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2821:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2738:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2657:
2654:
2597:
2596:
2571:/doːroːnŋɡeːn/
2567:Dóor-óon-ngéen
2548:/doːroːnŋɡeːn/
2544:Dóor-óon-ngéen
2542:
2541:
2531:/lɛkːɔːnŋɡɛːn/
2527:Lekk-oon-ngeen
2508:/lɛkːɔːnŋɡɛːn/
2504:Lekk-oon-ngeen
2502:
2501:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2384:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2312:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2022:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1727:
1726:
1710:
1694:
1678:
1662:
1646:
1630:
1614:
1598:
1582:
1566:
1549:
1548:
1532:
1516:
1500:
1476:
1460:
1444:
1428:
1404:
1388:
1364:
1347:
1346:
1322:
1306:
1290:
1274:
1258:
1242:
1226:
1210:
1194:
1178:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
935:
934:
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
787:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
655:
652:
642:
639:
622:
621:Classification
619:
563:
560:
454:tonal language
334:
333:
330:
322:
321:
314:
308:
307:
300:
292:
291:
274:
266:
265:
256:
248:
247:
238:
230:
229:
228:Language codes
225:
224:
217:
211:
210:
206:
205:
186:
182:Writing system
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
153:
149:
148:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
115:Atlantic–Congo
107:
105:
98:
95:
94:
83:
80:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
43:
42:Native to
39:
38:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7630:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7534:
7530:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7352:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7327:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7299:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7220:
7215:
7213:
7208:
7206:
7201:
7200:
7197:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7070:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7013:Balanta-Ganja
7011:
7010:
7008:
7004:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6977:
6972:
6970:
6965:
6963:
6958:
6957:
6954:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6918:
6917:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6875:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6848:
6843:
6841:
6836:
6834:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6793:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6706:
6699:
6688:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6659:
6654:
6652:
6647:
6645:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6562:
6558:
6537:
6534:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6507:Sana Camara:
6506:
6503:
6502:0-7818-1086-8
6499:
6495:
6491:
6488:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6473:2-86537-233-2
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6456:2-911053-43-5
6452:
6448:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6423:
6421:3-89586-616-4
6417:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6401:2-7384-0383-2
6397:
6393:
6388:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6355:
6351:
6349:3-89416-280-5
6345:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6329:2-86537-287-1
6325:
6321:
6316:
6312:
6310:2-84586-267-9
6306:
6302:
6297:
6293:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6254:
6247:
6242:
6238:
6233:
6229:
6227:1-85359-167-X
6223:
6219:
6218:Codeswitching
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6152:
6148:
6146:0-8191-9288-0
6142:
6138:
6133:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6111:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6080:
6076:
6074:3-631-39815-8
6070:
6066:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6044:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6011:
6006:
5999:
5994:
5987:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5968:
5963:
5956:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5936:
5929:
5928:
5921:
5912:
5897:
5891:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5860:(2 ed.).
5859:
5852:
5844:
5842:9783895868450
5838:
5834:
5833:
5825:
5806:
5799:
5793:
5784:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5721:
5714:
5708:
5702:Unseth, 2009.
5699:
5684:
5680:
5677:Ager, Simon.
5673:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5619:
5608:
5606:
5600:
5593:
5591:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5564:
5557:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5535:
5531:
5524:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5490:
5484:
5482:
5481:9789027255815
5478:
5474:
5468:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5431:
5427:
5420:
5401:
5397:
5390:
5384:
5376:
5368:
5364:
5363:
5357:
5350:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5329:Gambian Wolof
5324:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5305:
5300:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5277:Africa portal
5267:
5264:
5258:
5253:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5184:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5172:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:New Testament
5068:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5053:Guddig jàmm.
5052:
5049:
5048:
5045:Ngoonu jàmm.
5044:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4989:Waxal ndank.
4988:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4949:Ñoo ko bokk.
4948:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4864:
4848:
4845:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4492:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4403:
4391:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4168:juróomi junni
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:ñetti téeméer
4012:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:ñaari téeméer
4002:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:fukk ak ñeent
3798:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3459:
3456:February 2011
3450:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3225:
3222:("thread") -
3221:
3218:
3215:
3212:("rotten") -
3211:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:("baboon") -
3181:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:Minimal pairs
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2889:
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2879:
2875:
2869:
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2862:
2858:
2857:
2854:
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2836:
2832:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
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2801:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2764:
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2758:
2754:
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2749:
2743:
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2729:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1987:Short Vowels
1985:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1770:Short Vowels
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1711:
1707:
1695:
1691:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1647:
1643:
1631:
1627:
1615:
1611:
1599:
1595:
1583:
1579:
1567:
1563:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1533:
1529:
1513:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1473:
1457:
1441:
1425:
1417:
1401:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1361:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1335:
1319:
1307:
1303:
1291:
1287:
1271:
1259:
1255:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1211:
1207:
1195:
1191:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1130:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
987:
986:
979:
976:
973:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
936:
931:
926:
922:
917:
913:
908:
904:
899:
895:
890:
885:
875:
870:
866:
861:
857:
852:
848:
843:
839:
834:
830:
825:
821:
816:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
788:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
738:
732:
730:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:Lord's Prayer
660:
651:
649:
638:
636:
635:Fula language
632:
628:
618:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
568:
559:
556:
552:
548:
543:
538:
534:
530:
529:
524:
520:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
491:
485:
480:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:subregion of
423:
419:
415:
404:
399:
398:
389:
362:
356:
328:
323:
319:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
299:
298:
293:
288:
281:
275:
272:
267:
262:
257:
254:
249:
244:
239:
236:
231:
226:
222:
218:
216:
212:
207:
204:
199:
195:
190:
187:
183:
177:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
154:
150:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
120:West Atlantic
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
110:
106:
102:
96:
92:
87:
84:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
44:
40:
30:
25:
20:
7618:Wolof people
7465:
7062:
6893:
6769:
6606:Wolof Online
6565:
6564:
6563:profile for
6560:
6508:
6493:
6486:
6479:
6464:
6446:
6439:Dictionaries
6430:
6411:
6391:
6382:
6362:
6339:
6319:
6300:
6291:
6272:
6256:
6252:
6239:. Benjamins.
6236:
6217:
6200:
6196:
6176:
6159:
6155:
6136:
6125:the original
6120:
6116:
6100:
6092:the original
6087:
6064:
6052:Bibliography
6040:
6035:
6025:
6020:
6012:
6005:
5993:
5983:
5978:
5970:
5962:
5952:
5947:
5935:
5925:
5920:
5911:
5900:. Retrieved
5890:
5879:. Retrieved
5875:
5866:
5857:
5851:
5831:
5824:
5812:. Retrieved
5792:
5787:Diouf (2009)
5783:
5775:
5771:
5766:
5759:
5754:
5741:
5734:
5729:
5720:
5712:
5707:
5698:
5686:. Retrieved
5682:
5672:
5660:. Retrieved
5639:
5623:
5618:
5604:
5562:
5556:
5529:
5523:
5512:. Retrieved
5507:
5498:
5489:
5472:
5467:
5450:
5445:
5433:. Retrieved
5429:
5419:
5407:. Retrieved
5395:
5383:
5360:
5349:
5332:
5314:
5285:Pidgin Wolof
5218:Latin Script
5205:
5189:
5187:
5182:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5167:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5132:
5118:
5116:
5107:Neneh Cherry
5096:
5091:
5086:
5079:
5058:Good night.
5029:Dalal-jàmm!
4965:Nga baalma.
4898:Yes please.
4885:Nuyu naala.
4846:
4843:
4596:Terminative
4539:"he/she/it"
4389:
4379:
4369:
4359:
4349:
4339:
4329:
4319:
4309:
4299:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4258:
4253:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4187:
4177:
4167:
4158:ñeenti junni
4157:
4147:
4137:
4127:
4117:
4107:
4097:
4087:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4033:
4023:
4013:
4003:
3993:
3983:
3973:
3963:
3953:
3943:
3933:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3893:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3859:
3849:
3839:
3829:
3819:
3809:
3799:
3790:fukk ak ñett
3789:
3780:fukk ak ñaar
3779:
3770:fukk ak benn
3769:
3759:
3750:juróom-ñeent
3749:
3739:
3729:
3719:
3709:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3549:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3453:
3449:adding to it
3444:
3416:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3302:Maa ngi dem.
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3234:
3226:("to count")
3223:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3042:
2763:prenasalized
2664:
2659:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2625:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2205:
2188:
2177:
2117:◌ࣴعࣴـ / ◌ࣴعࣴ
2074:Long Vowels
1890:اࣴعࣴـ / اࣴعࣴ
1849:Long Vowels
1138:
722:
707:
694:
693:
683:
679:
675:
671:
644:
624:
612:
597:
573:
526:
517:
512:
508:
501:Jolof Empire
478:
477:
458:
422:West African
418:Wolof people
360:
359:
312:Linguasphere
295:
134:
7355:Senegambian
7124:Jola-Felupe
6197:Linguistics
6057:Linguistics
5942:, pp. 3-37.
5940:Burton 1865
5814:October 23,
5688:19 December
5510:(in French)
5462:, "to eat".
5396:Indiana.edu
5215:Translation
5202:Sample text
4962:Excuse me.
4930:Thank you.
4914:No thanks.
4745:Subjective
4734:dangeen di
4585:yéena ngiy
4502:3rd person
4499:2nd person
4496:1st person
4463:3rd person
4446:2nd person
4429:1st person
4218:fukki junni
4148:ñetti junni
4138:ñaari junni
3904:juróom-fukk
3740:juróom-ñett
3730:juróom-ñaar
3720:juróom-benn
3580:juróom-benn
3562:. Example:
3216:("to hide")
3122:("to find")
3091:pp dd cc kk
3000:Approximant
2645:. That is,
2481:harmonizing
2460:is written
585:Saint-Louis
505:jollof rice
414:Niger–Congo
409:وࣷلࣷفْ لࣵکّ
172:Dakar–Wolof
125:Senegambian
109:Niger–Congo
35:وࣷلࣷفْ لࣵکّ
7587:Categories
7546:Baga Pokur
7541:Mbulungish
7363:Fula–Tenda
7023:Jola-Fonyi
7018:Hassaniyya
6088:Sudlangues
5998:Magil 1984
5902:2013-04-15
5881:2024-04-09
5835:. Lincom.
5572:2865372871
5539:284586454X
5514:2017-05-30
5377:required.)
5334:Ethnologue
5316:Ethnologue
5296:References
5092:Doomi Golo
5076:Literature
4820:Imperfect
4771:Imperfect
4722:Imperfect
4694:Processive
4671:Imperfect
4645:Objective
4573:Imperfect
4562:yéena ngi
4536:"you all"
4238:tamndareet
3894:ñeent-fukk
3554:) and 10 (
3386:Damay dem.
3378:Dinaa dem.
3310:Dinaa dem.
3206:("heaven")
3142:("to cut")
3118:("eye") -
3073:epenthetic
3061:ideophones
2656:Consonants
2491:are +ATR,
2184:alphabetic
2141:◌ِيـ / ◌ِي
2133:◌ࣺيـ / ◌ࣺي
2125:◌ࣹيـ / ◌ࣹي
1914:اِيـ / اِي
1906:اࣺيـ / اࣺي
1898:اࣹيـ / اࣹي
648:Lebu Wolof
615:Mauritania
600:The Gambia
555:nyanmnyanm
537:Portuguese
525:, such as
438:Mauritania
434:the Gambia
426:Senegambia
403:Wolof làkk
130:Fula–Wolof
64:Senegambia
54:Mauritania
29:Wolof làkk
7533:Rio Nunez
7498:Bullom So
7282:Kuwaataay
5876:utalk.com
5581:938108174
5548:937136481
5129:Jean Dard
5099:7 Seconds
5066:Goodbye.
5026:Welcome!
5005:Baal ma.
4933:Jërëjëf.
4832:ngeen di
4683:ngeen di
4582:yaa ngiy
4576:maa ngiy
4340:juróoméél
3880:ñett-fukk
3860:ñaar-fukk
3604:ñent-fukk
3482:bu jigéen
3053:geminated
2926:Fricative
2861:voiceless
2489:i u é ó ë
2300:Close-mid
2197:Phonology
729:graphemes
641:Varieties
608:Serekunda
523:loanwords
318:90-AAA-aa
297:Glottolog
271:ISO 639-3
253:ISO 639-2
235:ISO 639-1
70:Ethnicity
7315:Mankanya
7139:Kassonke
7038:Mankanya
7028:Mandinka
6928:Tamasheq
6745:Mandinka
6740:Kassonke
6625:Archived
6592:Archived
6361:(2004).
6191:(2001).
5805:Archived
5683:Omniglot
5653:Archived
5426:"banana"
5400:Archived
5249:See also
4922:Please.
4874:English
4851:Examples
4797:Perfect
4794:Neutral
4748:Perfect
4711:dangeen
4699:Perfect
4648:Perfect
4634:dingeen
4599:Perfect
4591:ñu ngiy
4588:mu ngiy
4579:nu ngiy
4559:yaa ngi
4553:maa ngi
4550:Perfect
4519:singular
4513:singular
4507:singular
4421:singular
4415:singular
4407:subject
4330:ñeentéél
4300:bu njëk
4234:1000000
3541:Numerals
3370:Dem naa.
2679:Alveolar
2372:Open-mid
2191:stressed
725:phonemes
688:geminate
577:language
461:dialects
304:wolo1247
152:Dialects
7518:Sherbro
7513:Landoma
7456:Kobiana
7451:Kasanga
7395:Konyagi
7385:Biafada
7336:Balanta
7310:Mandjak
7266:Gusilay
7261:Banjaal
7179:Yalunka
7154:Maninka
7144:Kobiana
7119:Gusilay
7094:Bassari
7084:Bandial
7079:Bambara
7058:Soninke
7033:Mandjak
6910:Bambara
6889:Soninké
6802:English
6765:Soninke
6750:Mandjak
6715:Balanta
6679:English
6557:Scholia
6265:Grammar
5679:"Wolof"
5632:Archive
5459:nyaamde
5435:6 March
5409:10 June
5356:"Wolof"
5181:In his
5002:Sorry.
4882:Hello.
4783:yéenay
4731:dangay
4640:dinañu
4628:dinanu
4622:Future
4568:ñu ngi
4565:mu ngi
4556:nu ngi
4542:"they"
4522:plural
4516:plural
4510:plural
4424:plural
4418:plural
4410:object
4390:fukkéél
4320:ñettéél
4310:ñaaréél
4288:përëmye
4284:premier
4280:bu njëk
4274:ñaaréél
4242:million
4224:100000
3964:téeméer
3884:fanweer
3612:fanweer
3600:sixteen
3560:Chinese
3556:decimal
3552:quinary
3478:bu góor
3423:stative
3419:dynamic
3397:-(w)oon
3364:means "
3356:means "
3348:means "
3340:means "
3296:means "
3288:means "
3286:maa ngi
3280:means "
3255:Grammar
3245:Swahili
3241:Amharic
3101:due to
3083:p d c k
3078:vowel.
3051:may be
3049:l r y w
2757:Plosive
2699:Glottal
2684:Palatal
2223:Central
2210:Vowels
2167:
2159:
2151:
2143:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1716:
1700:
1684:
1668:
1652:
1636:
1620:
1604:
1588:
1572:
1556:
1538:
1522:
1506:
1482:
1466:
1450:
1434:
1410:
1394:
1370:
1354:
1328:
1312:
1296:
1280:
1264:
1248:
1232:
1216:
1200:
1184:
1160:
1145:Wolofal
714:Senegal
705:(IPA).
589:Kaolack
533:Spanish
519:English
430:Senegal
412:) is a
276:Either:
198:Wolofal
46:Senegal
7555:Others
7446:Banyum
7439:Others
7415:Pajade
7380:Bapeng
7370:Basari
7341:Bijago
7329:Others
7272:Ejamat
7184:Zenaga
7149:Laalaa
7089:Bapeng
7048:Pulaar
6997:French
6936:French
6921:Zenaga
6915:Berber
6884:Pulaar
6868:Arabic
6812:Arabic
6807:French
6755:Pulaar
6720:Cangin
6559:has a
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4689:lañuy
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4660:ngeen
4631:dinga
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4533:"you"
4214:10000
3710:juróom
3700:ñenent
3572:juróom
3468:Gender
2808:voiced
2694:Uvular
2674:Labial
2647:I or U
2607:begin-
2246:short
2240:short
2234:short
2202:Vowels
1141:Arabic
604:Banjul
593:French
539:, and
531:, via
528:banana
503:or to
490:Jollof
484:Ouolof
473:Arabic
471:, and
469:French
355:Taiwan
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169:Jander
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7562:Limba
7523:Temne
7508:Kissi
7466:Wolof
7430:Serer
7425:Safen
7420:Palor
7400:Lehar
7375:Bedik
7320:Papel
7302:Papel
7292:Mlomp
7287:Karon
7256:Fonyi
7251:Bayot
7174:Wamey
7169:Safen
7164:Palor
7129:Karon
7109:Dyula
7104:Bedik
7099:Bayot
7063:Wolof
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6894:Wolof
6770:Wolof
6760:Serer
6735:Karon
6725:Dyula
6561:topic
6412:Wolof
6249:(PDF)
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5832:Wolof
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5776:r y w
5774:, or
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5101:" by
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4829:ngay
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4780:yaay
4777:nooy
4774:maay
4717:dañu
4714:dafa
4705:danu
4702:dama
4680:ngay
4674:laay
4666:lañu
4654:lanu
4637:dina
4617:nañu
4605:nanu
4530:"we"
4475:leen
4469:ñoom
4466:moom
4458:leen
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4386:10th
4204:9000
4194:8000
4184:7000
4174:6000
4164:5000
4154:4000
4144:3000
4134:2000
4124:1969
4114:1945
4104:1600
4094:1100
4088:junne
4084:junni
4080:1000
3696:ñeent
3608:forty
3519:-ki/-
3486:xarit
3362:damay
3354:dinaa
3342:to go
3294:dinaa
3282:to go
3237:tones
3231:Tones
3099:b j g
3095:p c k
3087:f r s
3076:schwa
2973:Trill
2706:Nasal
2689:Velar
2497:é ó ë
2493:e o a
2466:làmbi
2255:Close
2249:long
2243:long
2237:long
2218:Front
2182:, an
2180:Garay
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1720:[
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1704:[
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1220:[
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509:Volof
496:Jolof
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479:Wolof
465:Dakar
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203:Garay
189:Latin
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160:Cayor
135:Wolof
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6305:ISBN
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6222:ISBN
6141:ISBN
6069:ISBN
5837:ISBN
5816:2018
5690:2019
5664:2015
5628:Link
5577:OCLC
5567:ISBN
5544:OCLC
5534:ISBN
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5455:Fula
5437:2016
5411:2018
5105:and
5080:The
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4754:noo
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4657:nga
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4060:800
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3682:yett
3678:ñatt
3674:ñett
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3660:ñaar
3650:benn
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