548:
26:
532:
520:
147:
155:
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503:(coincidentally), Isabel Cowe and four others set off from Edinburgh to walk to London. They had white scarfs and green hats and as they travelled they gathered signatures for a petition for women's rights. The hikers had to walk fifteen miles and attend a meeting each day and in this way they took five weeks to get to London. They arrived in London on 16th November to a welcome parade which led the group to Trafalgar Square. Dr Ethel Smyth's
464:, smashing bottles containing corrosive liquid over ballot boxes in an attempt to destroy votes. A presiding officer, George Thornley, was blinded in one eye in one of these attacks, and a Liberal agent suffered a severe burn to the neck. The count was delayed while ballot papers were carefully examined, 83 ballot papers were damaged but legible but two ballot papers became undecipherable. Later they were sentenced to three months each in
349:
547:
449:, and Helen Fox, released a banner at the House of Commons. The women also chained themselves to the grille above a window. Law enforcement had to remove the grille while they were still attached until they could file off the locks that held them connected to the window. This protest became known as the Grille Incident.
344:
took over as
Treasurer from Constance Tite and improved the WFL's financial situation. Before her appointment, the League suffered serious financial problems and on occasions had to appeal to its members for loans. Knight introduced new fundraising schemes for the League. However, finances were also
249:
The
Pankhursts refused the request, however the meeting was still held on 12 October 1907 at Caxton Hall. Officers and committee members were duly elected for a new organisation. One of the group's first actions was to choose a name for the new organisation via a referendum of the branches. The name
421:
became the primary means of communication with the public, informing readers of campaigns, protests, and events. The newspaper helped to spread ideas concerning the First World War, allowing for the Women's
Freedom League to advocate against the war. Members of the League refused to become involved
285:
OBJECTS: To use the power of the
Parliamentary vote, now won for Women upon equal terms with men, to elect women to Parliament, and upon other public bodies; to establish equality of rights and opportunities between the sexes, and to promote the social and industrial well-being of the
843:
814:
272:
OBJECTS: To secure for Women the
Parliamentary Vote as it is, or may be, granted to men; to use the power thus obtained to establish equality of rights and opportunities between the sexes, and to promote the social and industrial well-being of the
1289:
490:
spoke at their departure from
Charlotte Square on 12th October. The walkers wore brown uniforms and marched beneath a banner showing the route and objective of their march, which was to solicit signatures for a petition
531:
25:
1617:
519:
2056:
1811:
371:
in 1914 and the call for volunteers for the war effort which Boyle wished to see taken up by women as well as men. When the request was officially refused, Boyle, together with
1816:
1796:
1786:
1547:
1806:
1801:
1791:
1781:
2442:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
441:
In 1908 and 1909, members of the League chained themselves to various objects in
Parliament in protest. On 28 October 1908, three members of the Women's Freedom League,
1744:
1748:
1740:
403:
2162:
1677:
595:
278:
2085:
2033:
1736:
1103:
2503:
2483:
2473:
1732:
2051:
1255:
246:, Bessie Drysdale and Maude Fitzherbert was sent to Mrs Pankhurst insisting that the constitution be honoured, and the Conference be allowed to go ahead.
1614:
687:
2478:
2447:
2068:
1726:
422:
in campaigning efforts led by the
British Army. Members were upset when the women's suffrage campaign came to a halt while the war was in progress.
1711:
1212:
Eleanor Gordon, ‘Brown, Agnes
Henderson (1866–1943)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2007
479:
chained themselves to their seats at a political event and spoke out on behalf of WFL and WSPU policies, at by-election hustings across
Scotland.
2437:
1156:
399:
1945:
1706:
1314:
2498:
553:
Women's Freedom League at Women's Coronation Procession, London, 17 June 1911. Charlotte Despard stands in front of a group holding banners.
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583:
2488:
1950:
2493:
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and herself a campaigner for women's rights, established the first voluntary women's police force-the Women Police Volunteers (WPV).
2002:
1691:
30:
Edith How-Martyn, Mrs Sproson, Charlotte Despard, Miss (Constance) Tite standing outside the WFL offices in the Victoria Institute
1919:
1990:
2247:
1955:
1672:
997:
641:, London. This was the site of the Women's Freedom League's headquarters for its "most active period" between 1908 and 1915.
591:
199:
183:
2041:
1721:
1599:
788:
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495:"We, the undersigned, pray that the Government will make itself responsible for a Bill to give votes to women this session"
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that the League consisted of sixty-five branches and had nearly five thousand members, and many more sympathisers.
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1909 – Volume 76 – Page 1922 "A New woman suffrage weekly paper has just appeared in London, entitled The Vote."
2200:
1574:
1532:
1516:
760:
920:""DARING TO BE FREE": THE EVOLUTION OF WOMEN'S POLITICAL IDENTITIES IN THE WOMEN'S FREEDOM LEAGUE 1907 - 1930"
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571:
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1657:
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1584:
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992:. Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2006. p. 269.
341:
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2017:
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461:
383:
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became head of the WFL's political and militant department. Boyle started a campaign for women to become
2153:
1466:
1021:
654:
325:
The Women's Freedom League grew rapidly throughout Great Britain. In October 1909, How-Martin wrote in
1970:
1960:
1940:
1753:
1899:
1853:
579:
500:
314:
345:
improved by large donations by an "anonymous" person. It is suspected that this person was Knight.
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1935:
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235:
76:
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650:
504:
299:
1047:
1914:
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372:
291:
2349:
2318:
2257:
2111:
1481:
414:
317:. On the outbreak of war, they had suspended their campaigns and undertook voluntary work.
303:
264:
239:
80:
202:(WSPU) would be cancelled and the organisation's committee replaced by one hand-picked by
8:
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1894:
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692:
171:
106:
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2007:
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575:
203:
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1889:
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1414:
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1003:
993:
969:
919:
406:
from October 1907 until October 1909, when the League established its own newspaper,
364:
223:
62:
1401:
989:
The biographical dictionary of Scottish women : from the earliest times to 2004
2398:
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2211:
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1985:
1980:
1909:
1511:
1456:
1260:
735:
630:
618:
603:
227:
66:
1272:
510:
The League also held protests that advocated pacifism during the First World War.
2205:
1879:
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507:
was played to accompany them. De Fonblanque took the petition to Downing Street.
465:
368:
179:
879:
666:
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speaking in front of a banner of the Women's Freedom League Scottish Campaign
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Members of the League who were writers led the production of the newspaper.
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243:
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72:
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The "Brown Women" were named after the brown coats that the walkers wore.
262:
The League's main objectives were stated in a banner on the front page of
1501:
1366:
638:
634:
621:. After Reeves' died in 1961, the organisation voted to dissolve itself.
525:
Promotional material from the Women's Freedom League caravan tour (1908)
382:
The executive committee included women from around the country, such as
1491:
714:
the Women's Suffrage movement in Britain and Ireland: a regional survey
609:
The group declined in membership but continued under the leadership of
606:
in her bid to become one of the first two women barristers in Britain.
487:
434:
360:
340:
was the League's Treasurer until her resignation in 1910. In 1912, Dr
2190:
599:
281:
became law, the banner changed from the 13th July 1928 issue to read:
187:
394:
Initially, the league published their communications and notices in
1437:
761:"Miss Irene Fenwick Miller / Database - Women's Suffrage Resources"
175:
948:
Feminist freikorps: the British voluntary women police, 1914–1940
590:
for the first time. The WFL celebrated the achievement of partial
613:
to organise annual birthday parties for Despard and maintain the
537:
Women's Freedom League caravan with Charlotte Despard (left) and
582:
women's rights anti-war candidates following the passing of the
190:
decided to rule without democratic support from their members.
206:, a meeting was held to discuss the unconstitutional action in
254:
suffrage newspaper as the winning choice on 28 November 1907.
222:. As a result, a letter dated 14 September 1907 and signed by
198:
After the announcement that the 1907 Annual Conference of the
2406:
598:
then refocussed the WFL's activities on equality, including
1406:
348:
1341:"Suffragist HQ honoured with London's 1,000th blue plaque"
570:, held on 14 December 1918, as soon as possible after the
302:, including members chaining themselves to objects in the
2443:
Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
602:
and equality of morality. The WFL later supported member
649:
The archives of the Women's Freedom League are held in
586:
in November 1918, which allowed women to be elected to
320:
279:
Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928
2163:
Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
1315:"English Heritage unveils 1000th London Blue Plaque"
486:
organised a 400-mile walk from Edinburgh to London.
158:
Dare to be Free, Women's Freedom League flag c. 1908
1365:Science, London School of Economics and Political.
1076:"Women's Freedom League – Women of Tunbridge Wells"
367:. This campaign coincided with the outbreak of the
298:, refusing to complete census forms and organising
389:
578:stood unsuccessfully in London constituencies as
2460:
1371:London School of Economics and Political Science
637:in London would be placed at 1 Robert Street in
2448:Music and women's suffrage in the United States
2069:Women's suffrage organizations and publications
1956:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
789:"Dare to be Free - the Women's Freedom League"
669:, opened by the Women's Freedom league in 1916
332:
250:"Women's Freedom League" was announced in the
1422:
1139:"Centenary of Bermondsey suffragette protest"
2504:Suffrage organisations in the United Kingdom
2484:1961 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2474:Feminist organisations in the United Kingdom
1398:, which holds extensive suffrage collections
1259:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
584:Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918
400:National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
1155:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
268:. From 1909 until 6th July 1928, this read:
2099:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
1429:
1415:
1170:""By election at the Kilmarnock Burghs"".
182:. It was founded by former members of the
24:
2479:1907 establishments in the United Kingdom
2432:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar
1206:
728:"Women's Freedom League (act. 1907–1961)"
398:. These appeared alongside news from the
290:The League opposed violence in favour of
2003:1920 United States presidential election
917:
429:
347:
193:
153:
145:
2243:Women's Rights National Historical Park
1402:Spartacus on the Women's Freedom League
1290:"Women's Freedom League | Blue plaques"
1256:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1248:
1246:
732:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
460:, attacked polling stations during the
257:
170:from 1907 to 1961 which campaigned for
2461:
1920:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
1338:
673:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
425:
116:1 Robert Street, Westminster, London;
1961:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
1776:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
1410:
1284:
1282:
1183:
1181:
1098:
1096:
1070:
1068:
561:
98:Political movement for women's rights
2499:Organizations disestablished in 1961
2314:"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
2042:List of suffragists and suffragettes
1905:Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
1243:
874:
872:
870:
868:
783:
781:
711:
678:List of suffragists and suffragettes
417:supplied the first cartoon in 1909.
321:Growth of the Women's Freedom League
1364:
1218:
311:pacifism during the First World War
13:
2489:20th century in the United Kingdom
2284:National Voting Rights Museum (US)
2248:Women's Suffrage National Monument
2064:Historiography of the Suffragettes
2018:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
1339:Bridge, Mark (19 September 2023).
1279:
1178:
1093:
1065:
200:Women's Social and Political Union
184:Women's Social and Political Union
14:
2515:
2494:Organizations established in 1907
2176:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
1381:
865:
778:
624:
404:Men's League for Women's Suffrage
2327:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
2125:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
1971:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
1941:Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
1174:. 22 September 1911. p. 83.
1136:
918:Eustance, Claire Louise (1993).
546:
530:
518:
2140:Kate Sheppard National Memorial
1900:Battle of Downing Street (1910)
1543:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
1358:
1332:
1307:
1163:
1130:
1121:
1040:
1028:
980:
962:
953:
940:
484:Florence Gertrude de Fonblanque
390:Communications and publications
1951:Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
1936:Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
1189:"» Categories » Suffrage"
959:The Times, 15 August 1914 p. 9
911:
897:
836:
807:
753:
720:
705:
688:Women's suffrage organisations
214:restaurant in Chandos Street,
1:
698:
2057:in majority-Muslim countries
2047:Timeline of women's suffrage
1986:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
1915:Open Christmas Letter (1914)
1864:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
1436:
1273:UK public library membership
824:. 30 October 1909. p. 1
765:www.suffrageresources.org.uk
683:Timeline of women's suffrage
292:non-violent forms of protest
7:
2427:New Zealand ten-dollar note
2094:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
2008:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
1946:Rochester Convention (1848)
1731:Constitutional amendments:
1517:Women's liberation movement
1230:www.cheztiana.eclipse.co.uk
660:
644:
462:1909 Bermondsey by-election
452:Two members of the League,
333:Leadership and organisation
309:The League continued their
166:was an organisation in the
10:
2520:
1966:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
1137:team, London SE1 website.
1127:The Times, 29 October 1909
974:www.historybytheyard.co.uk
927:Whiterose.ac.uk (York Uni)
655:London School of Economics
633:announced that the 1000th
574:, Despard, How-Martyn and
386:, a Scottish suffragette.
118:30 Gordon Street, Glagow;
2434:(2020 U.S. commemorative)
2297:
2271:
2253:International Women's Day
2030:
1928:
1872:
1771:
1764:
1525:
1444:
1080:www.womenshistorykent.org
853:. 13 July 1928. p. 1
140:
132:
124:
120:144 High Holborn, London
112:
102:
94:
58:
47:12 October 1907
43:
35:
23:
2337:Women's suffrage in film
2308:The Women's Marseillaise
2196:Suffragette Handkerchief
2074:Women's rights activists
1854:Hong Kong 1 July marches
1104:"Women's Freedom League"
880:"Women's Freedom League"
2438:2020 US ten-dollar bill
2422:Susan B. Anthony dollar
2359:Not for Ourselves Alone
1981:Suffrage Special (1916)
1910:Great Pilgrimage (1913)
1859:2014 Hong Kong protests
1457:Right to run for office
1388:Google News archive of
592:female suffrage in 1918
236:Teresa Billington-Greig
77:Teresa Billington-Greig
2469:Women's Freedom League
2105:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1754:1965 Voting Rights Act
1265:10.1093/ref:odnb/63885
1048:"Louisa Thomson-Price"
1020:: CS1 maint: others (
740:10.1093/ref:odnb/95578
653:at the Library of the
629:On 20 September 2023,
505:The March of the Women
497:
438:
356:
288:
275:
164:Women's Freedom League
159:
151:
19:Women's Freedom League
2086:Belmont–Paul Monument
2013:Freedom Summer (1964)
1890:Women's Sunday (1908)
1052:Spartacus Educational
1035:The Publishers Weekly
950:; Praeger, 1999 p. 10
884:Spartacus Educational
712:Crawford, Elizabeth.
596:full suffrage in 1928
568:1918 general election
541:(right) seated inside
493:
433:
373:Margaret Damer Dawson
352:4 July 1930 issue of
351:
315:Women's Peace Council
283:
270:
194:Foundation and naming
157:
150:Votes For Women badge
149:
136:Green, White and Gold
2351:Shoulder to Shoulder
2320:The Mother of Us All
2263:Women's Equality Day
2258:Susan B. Anthony Day
2112:Suffragette Memorial
1717:District of Columbia
1487:Non-resident citizen
1214:accessed 23 May 2017
471:Suffragette sisters
415:Louisa Thomson-Price
304:Houses of Parliament
296:non-payment of taxes
258:Objectives and ethos
240:Marion Coates-Hansen
230:, Caroline Hodgson,
81:Marion Coates-Hansen
2218:Hunger Strike Medal
1895:Black Friday (1910)
1396:The Women's Library
1226:"The Brown Sisters"
693:History of feminism
651:The Women's Library
426:Protests and events
20:
2361:(1999 documentary)
2228:Suffrage jewellery
1452:Universal suffrage
1253:"Reeves, Marian".
576:Emily Frost Phipps
562:Post World War One
439:
365:Special Constables
357:
204:Emmeline Pankhurst
160:
152:
18:
2456:
2455:
2367:Iron Jawed Angels
2289:Umbrella Movement
2233:Suffragette penny
2147:Millicent Fawcett
2118:Portrait Monument
2026:
2025:
1880:WSPU march (1906)
1697:African Americans
1615:Spain (Civil War,
1507:Compulsory voting
1271:(Subscription or
999:978-0-7486-2660-1
795:. 17 October 2018
482:In 1912, actress
396:Women's Franchise
313:, supporting the
252:Women's Franchise
224:Charlotte Despard
144:
143:
128:"Dare to be free"
90:Maude Fitzherbert
70:Caroline Hodgson
63:Charlotte Despard
2511:
2279:Age of candidacy
2212:Holloway Jingles
2186:Pankhurst Centre
2157:(2008 sculpture)
2080:Leser v. Garnett
1885:Mud March (1907)
1769:
1768:
1702:Native Americans
1512:Disfranchisement
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1294:English Heritage
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905:WFL Caravan tour
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631:English Heritage
619:Brunswick Square
604:Helena Normanton
550:
534:
522:
342:Elizabeth Knight
228:Edith How-Martyn
210:' restaurant, a
172:women's suffrage
88:Bessie Drysdale
67:Edith How-Martyn
54:
52:
28:
21:
17:
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2514:
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2459:
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2417:(upcoming film)
2343:Votes for Women
2299:
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2206:Holloway brooch
2201:Holloway banner
2032:
2022:
1991:Night of Terror
1924:
1868:
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1172:Votes for Women
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466:Holloway Prison
428:
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369:First World War
335:
323:
260:
196:
180:sexual equality
119:
117:
107:Votes for women
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
69:
65:
50:
48:
31:
12:
11:
5:
2517:
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2454:
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2419:
2411:
2410:(2022 musical)
2403:
2402:(2018 musical)
2395:
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2371:
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2355:
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2332:Suffrage plays
2329:
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2155:Great Petition
2151:
2143:
2136:
2128:
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2109:
2101:
2096:
2092:Rise up, Women
2088:
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2015:
2010:
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2000:
1999:
1998:
1996:Prison Special
1993:
1983:
1978:
1976:Suffrage Torch
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
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1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
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1648:Cayman Islands
1638:United Kingdom
1635:
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1597:
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970:"Damer_Dawson"
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458:Alison Neilans
447:Violet Tillard
443:Muriel Matters
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377:philanthropist
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2377:(2013 sitcom)
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1497:Demeny voting
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1345:History First
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1109:
1108:UK Parliament
1105:
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983:
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946:R M Douglas,
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815:"Banner text"
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642:
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632:
622:
620:
616:
612:
611:Marian Reeves
607:
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581:
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573:
569:
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448:
444:
436:
432:
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405:
401:
397:
387:
385:
384:Amy Sanderson
380:
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255:
253:
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216:Charing Cross
213:
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208:Eustice Miles
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27:
22:
16:
2414:
2405:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2375:Up the Women
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2322:(1947 opera)
2319:
2238:Suffrage Oak
2223:Justice Bell
2210:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2116:
2104:
2091:
2078:
1778:conferences
1445:Basic topics
1389:
1370:
1360:
1350:23 September
1348:. Retrieved
1344:
1334:
1324:23 September
1322:. Retrieved
1318:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
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1229:
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1196:. Retrieved
1192:
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1083:. Retrieved
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930:. Retrieved
926:
913:
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887:. Retrieved
883:
855:. Retrieved
850:
838:
826:. Retrieved
821:
809:
799:23 September
797:. Retrieved
792:
770:23 September
768:. Retrieved
764:
755:
743:. Retrieved
731:
722:
713:
707:
667:Minerva Café
648:
628:
615:Minerva Club
608:
594:and women's
565:
509:
498:
494:
481:
470:
454:Alice Chapin
451:
440:
418:
412:
407:
395:
393:
381:
375:, a wealthy
358:
353:
338:Sarah Benett
336:
326:
324:
308:
294:such as the
289:
284:
276:
271:
263:
261:
251:
248:
244:Irene Miller
232:Alice Abadam
197:
163:
161:
113:Headquarters
85:Irene Miller
73:Alice Abadam
36:Abbreviation
15:
2393:(2015 film)
2391:Suffragette
2385:(2014 film)
2369:(2004 film)
2345:(1912 film)
2181:Eagle House
2034:(memorials)
1722:Puerto Rico
1633:Switzerland
1610:New Zealand
1502:Suffragette
1482:Non-citizen
932:26 December
793:LSE History
639:Westminster
635:blue plaque
580:independent
501:Agnes Brown
218:, near the
2463:Categories
2170:Resilience
1712:foreigners
1618:Francoist)
1548:aboriginal
1526:By country
1492:Voting age
1275:required.)
1143:London SE1
1113:4 November
1085:4 November
889:4 November
699:References
588:Parliament
488:Anna Munro
435:Anna Munro
361:Nina Boyle
286:community.
277:After the
273:community.
212:vegetarian
188:Pankhursts
186:after the
51:1907-10-12
2191:Paulsdale
1623:Sri Lanka
1580:Hong Kong
1538:Australia
1367:"Library"
1299:7 January
1198:7 January
1016:cite book
1008:367680960
857:7 January
828:7 January
745:7 January
600:equal pay
572:Armistice
359:In 1912,
327:The Times
44:Formation
1653:Scotland
1570:Colombia
1438:Suffrage
1390:The Vote
1151:cite web
1057:25 April
851:The Vote
844:"Banner"
822:The Vote
661:See also
645:Archives
491:stating:
419:The Vote
408:The Vote
402:and the
354:The Vote
265:The Vote
176:pacifism
2415:Lioness
2300:culture
2298:Popular
2272:Related
2132:Forward
1575:Ecuador
1533:Austria
566:In the
133:Colours
103:Purpose
59:Founder
49: (
2399:Sylvia
2149:statue
2134:statue
2107:statue
1765:Events
1727:states
1707:felons
1628:Sweden
1605:Mexico
1595:Kuwait
1560:Canada
1269:
1235:23 May
1193:OnFife
1006:
996:
473:Muriel
220:Strand
2407:Suffs
2383:Selma
2031:Women
1692:women
1664:laws
1658:Wales
1643:women
1590:Japan
1585:India
1565:Chile
1553:women
1477:Youth
1472:Black
1462:Women
923:(PDF)
847:(PDF)
818:(PDF)
125:Motto
1847:14th
1842:13th
1837:12th
1832:11th
1827:10th
1749:26th
1745:24th
1741:23rd
1737:19th
1733:15th
1678:1928
1673:1918
1668:1832
1352:2023
1326:2023
1301:2024
1237:2017
1200:2024
1157:link
1115:2015
1087:2015
1059:2023
1022:link
1004:OCLC
994:ISBN
934:2018
891:2015
859:2024
830:2024
801:2023
772:2023
747:2024
475:and
456:and
178:and
162:The
95:Type
1822:9th
1817:8th
1812:7th
1807:6th
1802:5th
1797:4th
1792:3rd
1787:2nd
1782:1st
1739:,
1467:Men
1261:doi
736:doi
617:in
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39:WFL
2465::
2052:US
1929:US
1873:UK
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