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396:. Women's involvement in opposing women's suffrage helped to reassert the idea that women really didn't want to vote. The vote on the suffrage referendum was defeated, though by a much smaller margin than before. The prohibition measure did pass, which meant that liquor interests would no longer lobby against women's suffrage in the state.
306:, president of the South Dakota WCTU, continued work educating people in the state about women's suffrage. In 1906, they petitioned the state legislature to consider women's suffrage during the next legislative session. Activists from both SDPEA and the WCTU lobbied for a women's suffrage amendment referendum in 1909. The current governor,
265:. When the Farmer's Alliance and the Knights of Labor formed an independent part that did not include women's suffrage in their party platform. By August, the main political parties in South Dakota were not in support of women's suffrage. On November 4, 1890, the women's suffrage amendment was defeated soundly in South Dakota.
45:. While South Dakota was part of the territory, women earned the right to vote on school related issues. They retained this right after it became a separate state. The state constitution specified that there would be a women's suffrage amendment referendum in 1890. Despite a large campaign that included
347:
During a state suffrage convention in July 1912 in Huron, Pyle called for activists to lobby the next legislative session to pass a women's suffrage amendment. Pyle was very successful in getting members of the state legislature to meet with the legislative committee of SDUFL. A bill for a referendum
301:
started the South Dakota
Political Equality Association (SDPEA). Pickler called for a suffrage convention to be held in Watertown in October of 1902. Activists decided to petition the state for a constitutional amendment for women's suffrage. They started the petition on the mistaken assumption that
183:
and her husband, John, founded the South Dakota Equal
Suffrage Association (SDESA) on October 21, 1889. Emma DeVoe helped create chapters around the state before she and her husband moved. The motto of the organization was based on the state motto: "Under God the People Rule; Women are People." The
363:
had a large circulation and helped activists reach out to all areas of South Dakota. Even though the amendment didn't pass, there was an increase in the number of people supporting women's suffrage. Democratic, Progressive, and
Republican parties came out in favor of women's suffrage by the end of
420:
to find ways to curtail the voting rights of resident aliens, including German immigrants, in the state. A new full women's suffrage amendment, called
Amendment E or the Citizenship Amendment, was proposed that would also include the provisions that voters must be American citizens and that women
89:
Women were allowed to vote in school meetings in Dakota
Territory starting in 1879. In 1883, changes made to the law specified that women would use separate ballots to vote for school issues. This caused a disruption for women voters in some areas of the territory. During the summer of 1883,
433:
and urged
Governor Norbeck to call a special legislative session. Norbeck agreed as long as the legislators paid for their own transportation to the state capital. The South Dakota legislature ratified the amendment during a "special midnight session" on December 4, 1919 at 12:44 am.
375:
were successful in lobbying the state legislature on women's suffrage. In the winter of 1915, the legislature passed a state women's suffrage amendment which would go out for a voter referendum in
November 1916. In addition to the suffrage amendment, was also an amendment for state
317:
became a major leader in the South Dakota suffrage movement. The South Dakota
Universal Franchise League (SDUFL) was organized in September of 1911. The SDUFL was a reorganization of the former state suffrage association. The state was divided into campaign districts with
491:
Many immigrants in South Dakota were bitterly opposed to women's suffrage during the first women's suffrage amendment campaign in 1890. During the
Republican Convention held in 1890, a large group of Russian immigrants wore buttons that read, "Against Woman Suffrage and
415:
used this division to promote the vote for "native-born women" over immigrant men. In the early twentieth century, it was true that many German and German-Russian immigrants were historically opposed to women's suffrage in the state. Pyle also worked with
Governor
233:. During the state suffrage convention in July, the tensions between Anthony and other suffragists made the news. After the convention, Anthony supporters asked the original members of SDESA to resign and created a new group with the same name and new officers.
276:
lobbied for a bill so that women could vote for state and county superintendents. The bill passed in the 1893 legislature and went out as a referendum to be voted on in November of 1894. The vote did not pass. Simmons and Cranmer worked on another bill in 1897.
49:
and a state suffrage group, the South Dakota Equal Suffrage Association (SDESA), the referendum failed. The state legislature passed additional suffrage referendums over the years, but each was voted down until 1918. South Dakota was an early ratifier of the
421:
citizens could vote. Because women's suffrage was tied into citizenship, Anti-suffragists had a difficult time campaigning against the bill because it made them look pro-German. The Citizenship Amendment passed with a 64 percent vote on November 6, 1918.
450:
was upset about this because in the same election, the voters had denied women's suffrage. However, this small win for Native Americans wasn't well-sustained. White politicians worked to limit citizenship and voting rights to Native Americans. When the
501:
302:
they could petition for an amendment, which was not part of South Dakota law. While the secretary of state, O. C. Berg, could not legally receive the petition submitted in 1903, he was personally supportive of women's suffrage. Pickler and
2044:
496:." German immigrants were also largely against women voting. Liquor and gambling interests were also against women's suffrage. These groups spread the idea that women really didn't want to or need to vote and get into politics.
249:. Speakers often had to drive 20 miles between morning and evening sessions and some audiences would drive 30 miles to listen. In August, suffragists requested access to the Republican Political nominating convention held in
236:
During the campaign during a hot and dry 1890 summer, there were 789 national speakers and 707 state speakers on women's suffrage. The WCTU also brought in 104 speakers. Many of the speakers were well-known activists such as
334:, serving as chairs who organized smaller clubs in their districts. Pyle made sure that the organization would not be associated with temperance or other controversial issues. The SDUFL also sponsored a newspaper called the
144:, Alice Pickler, and S. V. Wilson presented petitions for full women's suffrage to the territorial legislature. The legislature considered a full equal suffrage bill, but it did not pass. WCTU members, including Barker and
2034:
499:
In the 1910s, anti-suffrage efforts became more organized. Two major anti-suffragists were brewers, Henry Schlichting and Edward Dietrich. They often took credit for defeats of women's suffrage efforts in the state. The
124:
in October of 1885 where many Dakota suffragists attended. The Picklers attended the convention, where John discussed the loss of the suffrage bill. The first women's suffrage club in the territory was formed in
85:
in 1868. Stutsman's bill passed the house but did not pass the full legislative session. In 1872 another full women's suffrage bill nearly passed the Territorial Legislature, only failing by one vote in 1872.
2019:
215:"was highly critical of the adverse press coverage" and supported women's suffrage in the press. In April of 1890 Anthony returned to South Dakota to establish suffrage campaign headquarters in
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1911:
1986:
1891:
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1866:
1781:
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were not happy with Anthony and the press reflected this, stating that "Miss Anthony seems to have been an element of discord ever since she stepped foot in our state," according to the
1981:
310:, was supportive of the women's vote and signed the legislation for the referendum, which would be voted on in November 1910. Despite an "active campaign," the referendum was defeated.
1956:
1836:
1726:
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A state suffrage amendment was going to be voted on in November of 1914, and this was Pyle's first major campaign. Anti suffragists had a strong opposition and had the support of the
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1906:
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1971:
1816:
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In the next legislative session in 1887, a bill expanding the ability of women to vote in school elections was passed. Also that year, the franchise department of the
298:
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came to help campaign in the state. The referendum took place in 1898 and was defeated again. After this defeat, women's suffrage was mostly inactive until 1901.
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be submitted to the voters by the first legislature, leading to a Fall 1890 constitutional amendment proposal. Plans to organize and campaign started to emerge.
1719:
430:
51:
1672:
Zackodnik, Teresa (2010). "Reaching Toward a Red-Black Coalitional Feminism". In Suzack, Cheryl; Huhndorf, Shari M.; Perreault, Jeanne; Barman, Jean (eds.).
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arrived in South Dakota to campaign for women's suffrage. At the same time, anti-suffragists were organizing throughout the state. They affiliated with the
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from women's suffrage in the campaign. This public fight allowed the press to make fun of the suffragists throughout the campaign, though
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territorial convention held in the fall, suffragists presented a petition for women's suffrage that was signed by more than 1,000 people.
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introduced a full women's suffrage bill in the House. Pickler was known as "Petticoats Pickler," because both he and his wife,
1946:
443:
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When the Dakota Territory was admitted as two states to the United States in 1889, two distinct suffrage movements emerged.
137:
133:
shortly after the convention. Several other suffrage organizations were also created in the southern part of the territory.
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propaganda, especially women who promoted it "could be the deadliest deterrent" of achieving suffrage goals in the state.
1941:
1936:
1916:
117:
42:
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for the upcoming referendum. By February of 1890, the national suffrage leaders decided to help fund the campaign. The
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was passed in 1924, the state refused to comply with the law until the 1940s. Some areas of South Dakota, including
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1991:
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and anti-suffrage speakers to the state. In 1916, the anti-suffragists officially became an auxiliary of the
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fought for the vote. The bill passed both the House and the Territorial Council, but was vetoed by Governor
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were given access, but were placed in the back of the hall and were not able to address the convention.
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81:. One of the earliest efforts to grant women full suffrage was proposed in the Territorial House by
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was admitted as a state on November 2, 1889, the new constitution required that a women's suffrage
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interests in the state put a strong campaign against women's suffrage. During the campaign,
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group did not have a large amount of funding and set about to securing sources of funding.
261:, however did mention women's suffrage in his acceptance speech when he was nominated for
8:
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54:, which was approved during a special midnight legislative session on December 4, 1919.
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on a women's suffrage amendment was the first to pass in the 1913 legislative session.
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Activists decided to push for increases in school suffrage rights. Officers of SDESA,
219:. Anthony worked with DeVoe during this time. DeVoe went to organize activists in the
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847:
293:
State Headquarters at Sioux Falls S. Dakota, Mrs. Tinsley and Sec'y taken before 1918
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2006:
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34:
1612:
History of South Dakota Together With Personal Mention of Citizens of South Dakota
1673:
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204:
130:
846:. Nancy Tystad Koupal. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 11–12.
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South Dakota activists wanted the state to be one of the first to ratify the
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came to South Dakota to do a lecture tour, starting on November 11, 1889.
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121:
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as a method to educate voters in the state about women's suffrage. The
176:
1609:
Robinson, Doane (1904). "History of Woman Suffrage in South Dakota".
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1734:
1368:"How Midwestern Suffragists Won the Vote by Attacking Immigrants"
404:
94:
lectured in the Dakota Territory on women's suffrage. During the
1511:
1590:(3): 206–226 – via South Dakota State Historical Society.
408:
200:
1657:"'The 1889-1890 Woman Suffrage Campaign: A Need to Organize'"
502:
Society Opposed to the Further Extension of Suffrage to Women
1632:"Native American Vote Suppression: The Case of South Dakota"
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880:
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immigrants in South Dakota as a way to promote their cause.
1530:
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1675:
Indigenous Women and Feminism: Politics, Activism, Culture
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1001:
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1667:(3): 200–225 – via South Dakota Historical Society.
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In 1915, the legislative committee members of the SDUFL,
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During the next territorial legislative session in 1885,
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22:
Sioux Falls women's suffrage parade "float" July 4, 1918
990:
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167:
South Dakota Equal Suffrage Mass Convention August 1890
1567:(1902). Anthony, Susan B.; Harper, Ida Husted (eds.).
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380:, as well as seven other issues. At the end of July,
483:
German Anti-Suffrage event ad in Sioux Falls in the
587:"The road to women's voting rights in North Dakota"
1580:"Woman Suffrage in South Dakota: The Final Decade"
1573:. Vol. 4. Indianapolis: The Hollenbeck Press.
474:
1629:
1524:
2057:
207:and Anthony publicly disagreed about separating
584:
532:Women's suffrage in states of the United States
1495:"South Dakota Native American Suffrage (1890)"
510:National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage
390:National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage
353:National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage
1720:
392:(NAOWS) and published a newspaper called the
37:. Prior to 1889, it had a shared history of
527:Timeline of women's suffrage in South Dakota
1604:. New York: J.J. Little & Ives Company.
437:
1727:
1713:
1630:Schroedel, Jean; Aslanian, Artour (2015).
585:Handy-Marchello, Barbara (5 August 2020).
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442:In 1890, South Dakota voted not to block
191:Suffragists had support of the WCTU, the
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288:
162:
61:
17:
1563:
1442:Wittmayer, Cecelia (18 November 2018).
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1578:Easton, Patricia O'Keefe (Fall 1983).
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403:, suffragists used suspicions against
2066:Women's suffrage in the United States
1736:Women's suffrage in the United States
1708:
1655:Wittmayer, Cecelia M. (Summer 1981).
1437:
1435:
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1359:
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1260:
633:"South Dakota and the 19th Amendment"
537:Women's suffrage in the United States
223:in early May. However suffragists in
66:John and Alice Pickler March 20, 1890
57:
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627:
625:
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747:"Timeline of South Dakota Suffrage"
118:American Woman Suffrage Association
13:
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138:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
14:
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1693:
670:
620:
573:
2081:Women's suffrage in South Dakota
1444:"South Dakota Suffrage Movement"
1366:Egge, Sara (17 September 2018).
522:List of South Dakota suffragists
158:
152:to set up headquarters in 1889.
1487:
830:
739:
475:Anti-suffragism in South Dakota
1:
1601:The History of Woman Suffrage
1570:The History of Woman Suffrage
1525:Schroedel & Aslanian 2015
864:– via Internet Archive.
542:
394:South Dakota Anti-Suffragist
263:United States representative
120:(AWSA) held a convention in
7:
515:
10:
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1557:
637:U.S. National Park Service
297:In 1901, Anna Pickler and
2005:
1742:
467:Counties continued to be
230:Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer
2071:Politics of South Dakota
2035:Northern Mariana Islands
1700:Suffrage in South Dakota
1678:. Vancouver: UBC Press.
1636:Race, Gender & Class
1615:. B. F. Bowen & Co.
438:Native American suffrage
1272:History in South Dakota
751:History in South Dakota
685:History in South Dakota
355:. Suffragists used the
299:Philena Everett Johnson
146:Philena Everett Johnson
681:"Alice M. Alt Pickler"
488:
453:Indian Citizenship Act
446:to vote in the state.
382:Elsie Lincoln Benedict
337:South Dakota Messenger
294:
239:Henry Browne Blackwell
168:
67:
23:
482:
292:
166:
65:
21:
2076:Suffrage referendums
1661:South Dakota History
1584:South Dakota History
1372:Smithsonian Magazine
1268:"The 1916 Campaigns"
431:Nineteenth Amendment
425:Nineteenth Amendment
386:Effie McCollum Jones
107:Alice M. Alt Pickler
52:Nineteenth Amendment
33:when it was part of
2045:U.S. Virgin Islands
1294:, p. 216, 218.
274:Emma Amelia Cranmer
243:Carrie Chapman Catt
140:(WCTU), made up of
92:Matilda Joslyn Gage
1650:– via JSTOR.
1596:Harper, Ida Husted
1551:, p. 206-207.
1539:, p. 600-601.
1405:, p. 223-224.
1393:, p. 212-214.
1323:, p. 216-217.
1254:, p. 215-216.
1191:, p. 588-589.
1148:, p. 208-209.
1136:, p. 587-588.
1076:, p. 586-587.
1043:, p. 585-586.
958:, p. 220-222.
946:, p. 554-555.
889:, p. 212-213.
719:, p. 204-205.
489:
487:, October 19, 1916
315:Mamie Shields Pyle
295:
169:
68:
58:Territorial Dakota
24:
2053:
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1565:Anthony, Susan B.
1448:Rural Life Museum
340:. Pyle knew that
285:Continued efforts
193:Farmers' Alliance
111:Gilbert A. Pierce
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2020:Washington, D.C.
2007:Federal District
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485:Deutscher Herold
448:Anna Howard Shaw
444:Native Americans
413:Anna Howard Shaw
373:Etta Estey Boyce
332:Katherine Powell
320:May Billinghurst
308:Robert S. Vessey
255:Anna Howard Shaw
247:Anna Howard Shaw
197:Knights of Labor
186:Susan B. Anthony
181:Emma Smith DeVoe
79:Dakota Territory
71:Women's suffrage
47:Susan B. Anthony
39:women's suffrage
35:Dakota Territory
27:Women's suffrage
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1274:. 20 April 2020
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1937:Pennsylvania
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771:Anthony 1902
766:
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753:. 2018-07-26
750:
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689:. Retrieved
687:. 2020-03-12
684:
665:Anthony 1902
640:. Retrieved
636:
594:. Retrieved
590:
568:Anthony 1902
498:
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471:until 1974.
461:Ogala Lakota
441:
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369:Mabel Rewman
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31:South Dakota
25:
15:
2040:Puerto Rico
2012:Territories
1867:Mississippi
1782:Connecticut
1549:Easton 1983
1499:Ballotpedia
1467:Easton 1983
1427:Easton 1983
1415:Easton 1983
1403:Easton 1983
1391:Easton 1983
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1336:Easton 1983
1321:Easton 1983
1309:Easton 1983
1292:Easton 1983
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1240:Easton 1983
1225:Harper 1922
1213:Easton 1983
1201:Harper 1922
1189:Harper 1922
1177:Harper 1922
1165:Easton 1983
1146:Easton 1983
1134:Harper 1922
1122:Easton 1983
1103:Easton 1983
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1074:Harper 1922
1062:Harper 1922
1041:Harper 1922
1029:Harper 1922
401:World War I
378:prohibition
279:Laura Gregg
221:Black Hills
209:prohibition
122:Minneapolis
96:Sioux Falls
29:started in
2060:Categories
1982:Washington
1902:New Mexico
1897:New Jersey
1772:California
1744:U.S. state
1504:2021-06-06
1453:2021-05-31
1377:2021-05-01
1278:2021-05-23
757:2021-05-09
691:2021-04-25
642:2021-04-25
596:2021-04-11
543:References
506:propaganda
465:Washabaugh
407:and other
324:Susie Bird
195:, and the
177:referendum
1992:Wisconsin
1957:Tennessee
1862:Minnesota
1837:Louisiana
512:(NAOWS).
361:Messenger
357:Messenger
1977:Virginia
1927:Oklahoma
1907:New York
1882:Nebraska
1872:Missouri
1857:Michigan
1847:Maryland
1832:Kentucky
1812:Illinois
1787:Delaware
1777:Colorado
1767:Arkansas
1648:26505340
1598:(1922).
862:59668871
840:(1999).
516:See also
409:European
251:Mitchell
225:Aberdeen
150:Bismarck
1997:Wyoming
1972:Vermont
1877:Montana
1817:Indiana
1797:Georgia
1792:Florida
1762:Arizona
1752:Alabama
1558:Sources
399:During
127:Webster
1932:Oregon
1887:Nevada
1827:Kansas
1802:Hawaii
1757:Alaska
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860:
850:
463:, and
405:German
364:1914.
330:, and
245:, and
201:liquor
1962:Texas
1842:Maine
1807:Idaho
1644:JSTOR
504:sent
217:Huron
171:When
41:with
2030:Guam
1967:Utah
1922:Ohio
1822:Iowa
1680:ISBN
1617:ISBN
858:OCLC
848:ISBN
457:Todd
384:and
371:and
272:and
116:The
129:by
73:in
2062::
1665:11
1663:.
1659:.
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2009:,
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