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natural form, it gives rigidity and resilience to the tree, but its presence causes paper to weaken and turn yellow as it ages and eventually disintegrate. The reason for this is that as the paper ages, lignin releases acid which degrades the paper. Wood is technically a lignocellulosic material and a xylem tissue that comes from shrubs and cambium, the inner bark of trees made up of extractives, lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. Pulp consists of wood and other lignocellulosic materials that have been broken down chemically and physically and filtered and mixed in water to reform into a web. Creating pulp by breaking down the materials chemically is called chemical pulping, while creating pulp by breaking them down mechanically is called mechanical pulping.
298:
high stiffness, high bulk, and high yield. Mechanical pulp has low strength because the lignin interferes with hydrogen bonding between wood fibers. The lignin also makes the pulp turn yellow when exposed to light and air. Mechanical pulps are used in the production of non-permanent papers such as newsprint and catalog papers. Mechanical pulps made up 20% to 25% of the world production and this is increasing because of the high yield of the process and increasing competition for fiber resources. Advances in technology have also made mechanical pulp increasingly desirable.
405:
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the lignin that interferes with hydrogen bonding of wood fibers has been removed. Chemical pulps are used to create wood free paper that is of high quality and lasts long, such as is used in arts and archiving. Chemical pulping processes take place at high pressures and temperatures under aqueous alkaline, neutral or acidic conditions, with the goal of totally removing the lignin and preserving the carbohydrates. Normally, about 90% of the lignin is removed.
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32:
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178:
120:
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450:: One of the key advantages of wood-free paper is its ability to reduce the demand for wood pulp derived from trees. This conservation of forests persevering valuable ecosystems and biodiversity. Wood-free paper production significantly contributes to the conservation of forests by reducing deforestation and protecting natural habitats.
398:
This is made from 100% cotton fibers, making it one of the most luxurious and expensive types of paper. It is known for its strength, durability, and high opacity. Cotton paper is often used for high-end printing and writing applications, as well as for greeting cards, stationery, and other special
381:
Tissue pulp paper is smooth and opaque, making it ideal for printing and writing. It is also relatively inexpensive, making it a popular choice for many applications. Non-wood pulp paper is more expensive than tissue pulp paper, but it is also more durable and has a higher quality. It is often used
297:
Mechanical pulping, in contrast, converts raw wood into pulp without separating the lignin from the wood fiber. No chemicals other than water or steam are used. The yield is about 90% to 98%. High yields result from the fact that lignin is retained. Mechanical pulps are characterized by low cost,
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In chemical pulping, chemicals separate the wood fibers. The chemicals lower the lignin content because chemical action solubilizes and degrades components of wood fibers, especially hemicelluloses and lignin. Chemical pulping yields single unbroken fibers that produce strong quality papers because
289:
However, wood free paper does not mean that the paper in question is not made from wood pulp but it means that the lignin in the wood fiber has been removed by a chemical process. Paradoxically, lignin is the complex polymers containing aromatic groups that provide much of the tree strength. In its
277:
during processing, whereas mechanical pulp retains most of its wood components and can therefore still be described as wood. Wood-free paper is not as susceptible to yellowing as paper containing mechanical pulp. Wood-free paper offers several environmental and economic benefits, including reduced
2673:
There are two main types of woodfree paper: uncoated and coated. Uncoated woodfree paper is typically used for printing and writing. It is also used in some packaging applications. Coated woodfree paper is used for packaging, labels, and other applications where a more durable paper is
934:
Harvesting: The timing of hemp harvest depends on the intended use. For fiber production, the plants are typically harvested before flowering. For seed production, they are left to mature longer. For cannabinoids, the harvest occurs when the plants have reached the desired cannabinoid
529:
the use of wood-loose paper aligns with global sustainability dreams, together with the ones outlined within the United
Nations Sustainable Improvement Goals (SDGs). It contributes to desires related to accountable consumption and production (SDG 12) and existence on land (SDG
468:
wooden-loose paper generally has a decreased environmental effect as compared to standard wood-based total paper. The manufacturing system emits fewer greenhouse gases, consumes less strength, and requires less water. Additionally, it frequently includes fewer chemical
2855:
Dobson, Andrew P.; Pimm, Stuart L.; Hannah, Lee; Kaufman, Les; Ahumada, Jorge A.; Ando, Amy W.; Bernstein, Aaron; Busch, Jonah; Daszak, Peter; Engelmann, Jens; Kinnaird, Margaret F.; Li, Binbin V.; Loch-Temzelides, Ted; Lovejoy, Thomas; Nowak, Katarzyna (2020-07-24).
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depending completely on timber pulp can result in overexploitation of unique tree species and wooded area ecosystems. Incorporating alternative fibers diversifies the assets of uncooked materials for the paper industry, decreasing strain on precise varieties of
756:
Species: There are about 50 species of cotton plants, but only a few are cultivated for commercial purposes. The most common species used in commercial cotton production are
Gossypium hirsutism (Upland cotton) and Gossypium barbadense (Pima or Egyptian
502:
wood-free paper manufacturing often requires much less electricity compared to conventional timber-based totally papertmanufacTuring. this is because the processing of opportunity fibers normally entails fewer steps and mucnergy-in-ergy-in depth
482:
The cultivation of opportunity fiber crops for paper manufacturing encourages sustainable agricultural practices. although vegetation frequently requires fewer insecticides and fertilizers as compared to traditional crops, lowering environmental
954:
Cannabinoids (CBD and THC): Some varieties of hemp are bred for their cannabinoid content. Cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are two of the most well-known cannabinoids. Hemp-derived CBD is used in various wellness and medicinal
429:
This is made from bamboo fibers, which are renewable and sustainable. Bamboo paper is also strong and durable, and it has a smooth, matte finish. It is often used for packaging, as well as for greeting cards, stationery, and other special
871:
Hemp, scientifically known as
Cannabis sativa, is a versatile plant that has been cultivated for thousands of years for various purposes, including fiber, food, medicine, and industrial applications. Here's a detailed overview of hemp:
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This is made from hemp fibers, which are strong and durable. Hemp paper is also biodegradable and recyclable, making it a sustainable choice. It is often used for packaging, as well as for greeting cards, stationery, and other special
515:
The manufacturing of timber-free paper using agricultural residues can create economic possibilities for rural communities. This will lead to improved livelihoods and sustainable improvement in areas where these resources are
437:
Wood-free papers come in two varieties: uncoated and coated. Uncoated is typically used for printing and writing but also used in some packaging applications, whereas coated is used for things such as packaging and labels.
366:
Wood-free paper is made from non-wood materials, such as cotton, hemp, linen, and bamboo. It is often used in applications where a high-quality, durable paper is needed, such as for printing, writing, and packaging.
4252:
Kriaučiūnienė, Zita; Čepulienė, Rita; Velička, Rimantas; Marcinkevičienė, Aušra; Lekavičienė, Kristina; Šarauskis, Egidijus (2018), "Oilseed Rape Crop
Residues: Decomposition, Properties and Allelopathic Effects",
1651:
Bajpai, Pratima (2015), "The
Control of Microbiological Problems∗∗Some excerpts taken from Bajpai P (2012). Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing with kind permission from Springer Science1Business Media.",
1055:
Bajpai, Pratima (2015), "The
Control of Microbiological Problems∗∗Some excerpts taken from Bajpai P (2012). Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing with kind permission from Springer Science1Business Media.",
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This varies greatly depending on the type of residue, climate, and storage conditions. Some residues are relatively dry (e.g., straw), while others may have a higher moisture content (e.g., green crop residues).
374:
Tissue pulp: This is the most common type of wood-free paper. It is made from wood pulp that has been treated with chemicals to remove the lignin. Lignin is the natural adhesive that holds wood fibers together.
740:
Cotton is a natural fiber that has been used for thousands of years to make textiles. It is derived from the fibers surrounding the seeds of the cotton plant (Gossypium). Here's a detailed overview of cotton:
348:
Writing and printing papers: Wood-free paper is the most common type of paper used for writing and printing. It is available in a variety of weights and finishes, making it ideal for a variety of applications
914:
Pest and
Disease Management: While hemp is generally considered a hardy plant, it can still be susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Integrated pest management (IPM) practices are used to address these
548:
or other primary products. They are a significant component of agricultural ecosystems and have various potential uses, both beneficial and detrimental. Here's a detailed overview of agricultural residues:
598:
They contain a range of essential nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients. However, the nutrient content varies depending on the type of residue and the plant it comes from.
475:
Wooden-free paper can be made from agricultural residues like wheat straw, rice straw, and bagasse. Making use of those by-products of agriculture reduces waste and presents an extra source of revenue for
522:
The demand for environmentally sustainable products, including wood-free paper, is on the rise. This presents economic opportunities for businesses that choose to invest in and produce eco-friendly paper
354:
Art and photography papers: Wood-free paper is the most common type of paper used for art and photography. It is available in a variety of weights and finishes, making it ideal for a variety of projects.
614:
The rate at which agricultural residues decompose depends on their chemical composition. For example, lignin-rich materials like wood take longer to break down compared to cellulose-rich materials like
391:
544:
Agricultural residues refer to the organic materials that are left over after crops are harvested. These residues include the stems, leaves, husks, and other parts of plants that are not used for
286:. The term Wood-free paper can be rather misleading or confusing for someone unfamiliar with the papermaking process because paper is normally made from wood pulp derived from trees and shrubs.
462:
The use of alternative fibers in timber-loose paper reduces the stress on forests, minimizing the need for big-scale deforestation. This helps protect touchy and ecologically valuable regions.
5045:"Assessing the effects of different agro-residue as substrates on growth cycle and yield of Grifola frondosa and statistical optimization of substrate components using simplex-lattice design"
928:
Flowering: Depending on the variety and purpose of cultivation, hemp plants can flower in as little as 60–90 days. The flowers of female plants are the primary site of cannabinoid production.
3740:"Management practices of antecedent leguminous and non-leguminous crop residues in relation to winter wheat yields, nitrogen uptake, soil nitrogen mineralization and simple nitrogen balance"
856:
Pesticide Use: Cotton is susceptible to pests, and conventional farming often involves the use of pesticides. Sustainable and organic cotton production methods aim to reduce chemical inputs.
974:
Crop
Uniformity: Hemp crops can show a wide range of genetic diversity, which can lead to variability in desired traits. Selective breeding and genetic techniques are used to address this.
489:
wooden-unfastened paper is often crafted from recycled materials. This supports recycling projects and reduces the demand for brand new raw materials. moreover, it emitted from landfills.
830:
Staple Length: The length of cotton fibers, known as the staple length, varies depending on the cotton variety. Longer staple lengths are typically associated with higher-quality cotton.
434:
Wood-free paper is a good choice for applications where a high-quality, durable paper is needed. It is also a sustainable choice, as it is made from renewable and recyclable materials.
3157:"Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization with crop residue retention enhances crop productivity, soil organic carbon, and total soil nitrogen concentrations in sandy-loam soils in Ghana"
1601:"Book Reviews : Adebayo Adedeji (ed.), South Africa and Africa: Within or Apart'? (London: Zed Books and Cape town: SADRI Books, 1996), xiii, 258 pp. Cloth $ 55.00, paper $ 19.95"
316:
Coniferous pulp: This is a type of wood pulp that is made from coniferous trees, such as pine and fir. It is strong and durable, making it ideal for use in writing and printing papers.
509:
utilizing agricultural residues for paper manufacturing can enhance soil fitness by returning organic count to the soil. this may lead to better fertility and a normal soil structure.
948:
Seeds: Hemp seeds are rich in protein, healthy fats, and various nutrients. They are used in food products like hemp oil, hemp milk, protein powders, and as a whole food ingredient.
862:
Genetic
Modification: Some varieties of cotton are genetically modified (GM) to resist pests or tolerate specific environmental conditions. This has both benefits and controversies.
319:
Non-wood pulp: This is a type of pulp that is made from non-wood materials, such as cotton, hemp, and linen. It is often used in high-quality papers, such as those used for art and
906:
Planting: Hemp seeds are typically sown directly in the field. The spacing between plants depends on the specific variety and intended use (fiber, seed, or cannabinoid production).
590:
They are primarily composed of organic compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and various other polysaccharides. These materials provide structural support to plants.
313:
Balsa pulp: This is a type of wood pulp that is made from balsa trees. It is very strong and lightweight, making it ideal for use in envelopes and other lightweight applications.
417:
Linen paper: This is made from linen fibers, which are also strong and durable. Linen paper has a natural sheen and is often used for high-end printing and writing applications.
351:
Envelopes: Wood-free paper is the most common type of paper used for envelopes. It is available in a variety of colors and finishes, making it ideal for a variety of occasions.
931:
Seed
Formation: In some varieties, female plants produce seeds after pollination. These seeds can be harvested and used for various purposes, including food and oil production.
945:
Fiber: Hemp fibers are known for their strength and durability. They can be used to make a wide range of products including textiles, ropes, paper, and construction materials.
4207:
Thapa, Resham; Tully, Katherine L; Cabrera, Miguel; Dann, Carson; Schomberg, Harry H.; Timlin, Dennis; Gaskin, Julia; Reberg-Horton, Chris; Mirsky, Steven B. (October 2021).
4423:"Managing crop residues, fertilizers and leaf litters to improve soil C, nutrient balances, and the grain yield of rice and wheat cropping systems in Thailand and Australia"
968:
Regulatory Environment: The legal status of hemp varies by country and region. Many places have strict regulations around cultivation due to its association with cannabis.
3110:"Role of manures and crop residue in alleviating soil fertility constraints to crop production: With special reference to the Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa"
971:
Pollination: For some purposes (such as cannabinoid production), preventing male plants from pollinating female plants is essential to maintain high cannabinoid content.
859:
Water Usage: Cotton cultivation can be water-intensive, particularly in arid regions. Efficient irrigation practices and water-saving technologies are being implemented.
3319:"Characterizing nitrogen use efficiency in natural and agricultural ecosystems to improve the performance of cereal crops in low-input and organic agricultural systems"
787:
Pest Management: Cotton plants are susceptible to various pests and diseases. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices are often employed to minimize chemical inputs.
561:
Stems and Leaves: These are typically the above-ground portions of plants that remain after harvest. They are composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
846:
Seed Products: Cotton seeds are crushed to extract oil, which is used in cooking and various industrial applications. The remaining seed meal is used in animal feed.
658:
They are valuable components in composting operations, providing carbon-rich material that balances the nitrogen-rich materials (like green plant matter and manure).
3704:, ASA Special Publications, Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, pp. 147–163,
5157:, ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books, Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, pp. 663–673–1,
422:
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Agricultural residues are commonly used to improve soil structure, moisture retention, and nutrient content. They act as organic matter, enhancing soil fertility.
130:
4295:"Stability, nutrient availability and hydrophobicity of biochars derived from manure, crop residues, and municipal solid waste for their use as soil amendments"
900:
Soil: Well-draining, loamy soils with good fertility are ideal for hemp cultivation. Hemp can also grow in various soil types, including sandy and clayey soils.
958:
Industrial Applications: Hemp can be used to make a wide range of industrial products including biofuels, biodegradable plastics, building materials, and more.
4896:"Smallholder conservation farming in the tropics and sub-tropics: a guide to the development and dissemination of mulching with crop residues and cover crops"
5474:, Agronomy Monographs, Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, pp. 341–364–3,
4570:
Mumtaz, Mehvish; Baqar, Zulqarnain; Hussain, Nazim; Afifa; Bilal, Muhammad; Azam, Hafiz Muhammad Husnain; Baqir, Qurat-ul-ain; Iqbal, Hafiz M.N. (May 2022).
806:
Harvesting: Cotton bolls mature and split open, revealing the cotton fibers. Harvesting involves mechanically picking the cotton or, in some cases, by hand.
800:
Flowering: Cotton plants produce large, showy flowers that are usually white or cream-colored. Each flower produces a cotton boll, which contains the seeds.
4572:"Application of nanomaterials for enhanced production of biodiesel, biooil, biogas, bioethanol, and biohydrogen via lignocellulosic biomass transformation"
897:
Climate: Hemp is a robust plant that can grow in a wide range of climates. It is adaptable and can thrive in temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates.
925:
Germination and Growth: Hemp seeds germinate in warm soil. The plant grows into a tall, upright stem with multiple branches. It is a fast-growing plant.
650:
Straw and other crop residues can be used as bedding for livestock. This provides a comfortable and clean environment, reducing the risk of diseases.
4799:"No-tillage, crop residue additions, and legume cover cropping effects on soil quality characteristics under maize in Patzcuaro watershed (Mexico)"
310:
Tissue pulp: This is the most common type of wood-free paper. It is made from wood pulp that has been treated with chemicals to remove the lignin.
797:
Germination and Growth: Cotton seeds germinate in warm soil. The plants grow into bushes with multiple branches, and flowers emerge at the nodes.
141:
4350:"Chemical, physical and morphological properties of biochars produced from agricultural residues: Implications for their use as soil amendment"
887:
Species: Cannabis sativa is one of several species within the Cannabis genus. There are also subspecies, such as Cannabis sativa subsp. indica.
803:
Boll Formation: After fertilization, the flower wilts, and the ovary enlarges to form a boll. Inside the boll, fibers develop around the seeds.
6378:
4468:
Wang, Shuang; Zhao, Shuang; Uzoejinwa, Benjamin Bernard; Zheng, Anqing; Wang, Qingyuan; Huang, Jin; Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah (October 2020).
2617:
Sawarkar, Ankush D.; Shrimankar, Deepti D.; Kumar, Ajay; Kumar, Aman; Singh, Ekta; Singh, Lal; Kumar, Sunil; Kumar, Rakesh (October 2020).
4173:, Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, pp. 101–129,
331:
It is more resistant to yellowing. This is because the lignin, which is the main cause of paper yellowing, has been removed from the pulp.
5510:"Short-term yield gains or long-term sustainability? – a synthesis of Conservation Agriculture long-term experiments in Southern Africa"
334:
It is stronger. This is because the cellulose fibers in wood-free paper are longer and more uniform than the fibers in mechanical pulp.
5008:"Production of Ligninolytic Enzymes by Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) P. Kumm. Under Different Nutritional Conditions"
816:
Chemical Composition: Cotton fibers are primarily composed of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that provides strength and flexibility.
5043:
Song, Bing; Ye, Jianqiang; Sossah, Frederick Leo; Li, Changtian; Li, Dan; Meng, Lingsi; Xu, Shuai; Fu, Yongping; Li, Yu (2018-03-23).
90:
5423:"Review of the technology for high-yielding and efficient cotton cultivation in the northwest inland cotton-growing region of China"
2468:
Kumar, Rajnish; Zambrano, Franklin; Peszlen, Ilona; Venditti, Richard; Pawlak, Joel; Jameel, Hasan; Gonzalez, Ronalds (2022-06-28).
767:
Climate: Cotton is primarily grown in regions with a warm climate. It requires a frost-free growing season of about 160 to 200 days.
340:
It is smoother. This is because the surface of wood-free paper is smoother than the surface of paper that contains mechanical pulp.
4676:"Tree-Seedling Compost as a Component in Sphagnum Peat-Based Growing Media for Conifer Seedlings: Physical and Chemical Properties"
4010:"The organic matter composition of various wastewater sludges and their neutral detergent fractions as revealed by pyrolysis-GC/MS"
2923:"Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice"
951:
Hemp Oil: Hemp seeds can be cold-pressed to extract oil, which is used in cooking, skincare products, and industrial applications.
575:
Dung and Urine: Manure from livestock contains organic matter and nutrients that can be used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer.
4348:
Campos, Paloma; Miller, Ana Z.; Knicker, Heike; Costa-Pereira, Manuel F.; Merino, Agustín; De la Rosa, José María (March 2020).
377:
Non-wood pulp: This is a type of wood-free paper that is made from non-wood materials, such as cotton, hemp, linen, and bamboo.
82:
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4186:
3434:
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2706:
2308:
1754:
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1576:
1226:
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357:
Other applications: Wood-free paper is also used in a variety of other applications, such as packaging, labels, and currency
2515:
4943:"Bioconversion of rice straw agro-residues by Lentinula edodes and evaluation of non-volatile taste compounds in mushrooms"
1098:
717:
Handling and transporting large quantities of agricultural residues can be logistically challenging due to their bulkiness.
6502:
2980:"Improving rice production sustainability by reducing water demand and greenhouse gas emissions with biodegradable films"
776:
Planting: Cotton seeds are planted in rows, and the plants are spaced out to allow for proper growth and air circulation.
840:
Textiles: Cotton is used to produce a wide range of textile products including clothing, linens, towels, and upholstery.
705:
Leaving residues on the field can have both positive (soil protection, organic matter addition) and negative (pest and
697:
Depending on the type of residue, there may be an imbalance in the nutrient content, which may require supplementation.
4470:"A state-of-the-art review on dual purpose seaweeds utilization for wastewater treatment and crude bio-oil production"
909:
Irrigation: Hemp requires regular watering, especially during dry spells, but it can also tolerate drought conditions.
6363:
6358:
5487:
5358:
5170:
4865:
3717:
2350:
2066:
1963:
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233:
159:
59:
5191:
Sharma, Bhavisha; Vaish, Barkha; Srivastava, Vaibhav; Singh, Sonu; Singh, Pooja; Singh, Rajeev Pratap (2017-10-11),
1316:"The effect of microfibrillated cellulose addition on drying shrinkage and dimensional stability of wood-free paper"
6373:
6368:
45:
843:
Nonwoven Fabrics: Cotton fibers are also used in nonwoven applications like medical dressings, wipes, and filters.
5677:
3455:
Noack, Sarah R.; McLaughlin, Mike J.; Smernik, Ronald J.; McBeath, Therese M.; Armstrong, Roger D. (2012-03-27).
2470:"High-performance sustainable tissue paper from agricultural residue: a case study on fique fibers from Colombia"
822:
Cotton fibers are soft, breathable, and absorbent, making them suitable for a wide range of textile applications.
5841:
2335:
Record of Conference Papers Industry Applications Society 52nd Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference
2533:
725:
If not managed properly, burning or improper disposal of residues can lead to air pollution and contribute to
6517:
6292:
4627:"Crop yield forecasting of paddy, sugarcane and wheat through linear regression technique for south Gujarat"
1796:
Coppola, Floriana; Fiorillo, Flavia; Modelli, Alberto; Montanari, Matteo; Vandini, Mariangela (April 2018).
5614:"A review of factors that influence the production of quality seed for long-term conservation in genebanks"
3512:"Effects of plant residues on crop performance, N mineralisation and microbial activity including field CO
564:
Husks and Straws: These are the protective coverings of seeds and grains, like rice husks and wheat straw.
5943:
3963:"The macromolecular organic composition of plant and microbial residues as inputs to soil organic matter"
3575:"Survival of Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola on crop debris of oilseed rape and cabbage"
2978:
Yao, Zhisheng; Zheng, Xunhua; Liu, Chunyan; Lin, Shan; Zuo, Qiang; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus (2017-01-05).
1782:
1128:
6239:
6160:
1741:, Springer Series in Wood Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 352–477,
4711:"Agriculture Diversification in the Mekong Delta: Farmers' Motives and Contributions to Livelihoods"
5771:
4421:
Whitbread, Anthony; Blair, Graeme; Konboon, Yothin; Lefroy, Rod; Naklang, Kunnika (December 2003).
3421:, Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol. 4, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 347–369,
5906:
4209:"Cover crop residue moisture content controls diurnal variations in surface residue decomposition"
134:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
6512:
6353:
6287:
6244:
4941:
Gao, Shuangshuang; Huang, Zhicheng; Feng, Xi; Bian, Yinbing; Huang, Wen; Liu, Ying (2020-02-04).
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200:
1837:"Permanence of wood-free paper I: Paper-making additives in naturally degraded wood-free papers"
1016:"Impact of High-Yield Pulp Substitution on the Brightness Stability of Uncoated Wood-Free Paper"
6522:
6481:
6267:
5235:"Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management in Depok, Indonesia"
5150:
782:
Fertilization: Depending on the soil's nutrient content, supplementary fertilizers may be used.
188:
5421:
Feng, Lu; Dai, Jianlong; Tian, Liwen; Zhang, Huijun; Li, Weijiang; Dong, Hezhong (July 2017).
5162:
6186:
5911:
5796:
3653:"Crop Residues as Potential Sustainable Precursors for Developing Silica Materials: A Review"
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2421:
Abd El-Sayed, Essam S.; El-Sakhawy, Mohamed; El-Sakhawy, Mohamed Abdel-Monem (2020-02-06).
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51:
2022:
An investigation of the factors affecting dot gain on sheet-fed offset lithography presses
1813:
8:
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5193:"An Insight to Atmospheric Pollution- Improper Waste Management and Climate Change Nexus"
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Mpuangnan, Kofi Nkonkonya; Mhlongo, Hlengiwe Romualda; Govender, Samantha (2023-03-18).
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2190:
2175:"Uses of industrial energy benchmarking with reference to the pulp and paper industries"
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4055:
Benner, Ronald; Fogel, Marilyn L.; Sprague, E. Kent; Hodson, Robert E. (October 1987).
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3492:
3390:
3278:"Agro-industrial wastes and their utilization using solid state fermentation: a review"
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2403:
2356:
2269:
2257:
2210:
2058:
1921:
1874:
1677:
1662:
1628:
1500:
1445:
1343:
1315:
1187:
1081:
1066:
204:
5127:
4919:
4822:
4709:
Bosma, Roel; Udo, Henk; Verreth, Johan; Visser, Leontine; Nam, Cao Quoc (2005-12-15).
4446:
4318:
3986:
3763:
2740:
2664:
2331:"Division 2/Zone 2 Auxiliary Devices-Understanding Global Hazardous Area Requirements"
1715:
1361:
Kemppainen, K.; Siika-aho, M.; Pattathil, S.; Giovando, S.; Kruus, K. (January 2014).
1331:
337:
It is more durable. This is because wood-free paper is less likely to tear or crease.
6418:
5963:
5806:
5697:
5645:
5633:
5594:
5590:
5551:
5539:
5483:
5450:
5396:
5354:
5319:
5276:
5264:
5208:
5166:
5131:
5084:
5066:
5025:
4988:
4970:
4923:
4875:
4861:
4826:
4783:
4771:
4730:
4691:
4675:
4660:
4648:
4611:
4599:
4552:
4509:
4497:
4450:
4407:
4395:
4387:
4330:
4322:
4293:
Zornoza, R.; Moreno-Barriga, F.; Acosta, J.A.; Muñoz, M.A.; Faz, A. (February 2016).
4268:
4234:
4182:
4151:
4139:
4084:
4037:
3990:
3943:
3904:
3863:
3814:
3767:
3713:
3684:
3672:
3633:
3594:
3547:
3496:
3484:
3430:
3394:
3380:
3346:
3299:
3262:
3250:
3242:
3196:
3184:
3129:
3094:
3082:
3074:
3025:
3007:
2952:
2907:
2895:
2887:
2837:
2790:
2702:
2650:
2638:
2570:
2501:
2489:
2454:
2442:
2395:
2346:
2304:
2261:
2214:
2202:
2155:
2116:
2108:
2062:
2002:
1959:
1913:
1866:
1817:
1769:
1750:
1719:
1667:
1632:
1620:
1572:
1539:
1492:
1484:
1449:
1437:
1429:
1382:
1347:
1335:
1222:
1191:
1179:
1169:
1071:
1037:
984:
327:
Wood-free paper has a number of advantages over paper that contains mechanical pulp:
4687:
4524:
4469:
4229:
4208:
4112:"Moisture Content in Forest Residues: an Insight on Sampling Methods and Procedures"
3899:
3882:
3826:
3559:
3141:
3069:
3044:
2762:
2407:
2273:
1925:
1878:
1681:
1504:
1363:"Spruce bark as an industrial source of condensed tannins and non-cellulosic sugars"
1085:
770:
Soil: Well-draining loam soils with good fertility are ideal for cotton cultivation.
456:: Another key advantage of wood-free paper is its lesser likelihood to warp or curl.
6443:
6302:
6140:
5948:
5918:
5711:
5625:
5586:
5529:
5475:
5469:
5442:
5388:
5346:
5311:
5292:"Greenhouse effect reduction by recovering energy from waste landfills in Pakistan"
5254:
5200:
5158:
5123:
5103:
5074:
5056:
5015:
4978:
4962:
4915:
4895:
4853:
4818:
4798:
4761:
4722:
4683:
4638:
4591:
4548:
4544:
4493:
4489:
4442:
4422:
4377:
4369:
4314:
4260:
4224:
4174:
4131:
4096:
4076:
4057:"Depletion of 13C in lignin and its implications for stable carbon isotope studies"
4029:
3982:
3962:
3935:
3894:
3853:
3806:
3787:"Interactions between decomposition of plant residues and nitrogen cycling in soil"
3759:
3739:
3705:
3664:
3625:
3586:
3539:
3476:
3422:
3372:
3338:
3289:
3234:
3176:
3121:
3064:
3015:
2999:
2964:
2942:
2877:
2829:
2786:
2782:
2694:
2630:
2618:
2597:
2560:
2481:
2434:
2387:
2360:
2338:
2296:
2253:
2194:
2147:
2135:
2100:
2088:
2054:
2025:
1992:
1951:
1905:
1856:
1809:
1742:
1711:
1699:
1657:
1612:
1564:
1531:
1476:
1421:
1374:
1362:
1327:
1214:
1161:
1061:
1027:
283:
5566:
5479:
5380:
4525:"Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections"
4349:
3414:
3214:
2634:
2376:"Non-Wood Fiber as an Alternative to Wood Fiber in Chinas Pulp and Paper Industry"
2151:
2104:
1401:
1378:
6453:
6337:
6322:
6277:
6196:
6120:
6060:
6045:
5886:
5826:
5776:
5724:
5719:
5392:
5259:
5234:
5192:
4373:
4254:
3426:
3238:
2330:
2288:
1738:
1425:
1206:
994:
274:
258:
20:
5291:
5204:
4942:
4571:
4264:
4009:
3652:
3364:
2686:
2469:
2342:
2300:
2174:
1746:
1600:
1218:
1106:
6507:
6471:
6428:
6115:
6080:
5856:
5831:
5766:
5663:
5613:
5534:
5509:
5422:
5338:
5315:
4966:
4710:
4643:
4626:
4595:
4111:
4033:
3668:
3456:
3376:
3318:
3156:
2947:
2922:
2698:
2485:
2198:
1893:
1616:
1520:"Using multivariate techniques for developing contractor classification models"
1519:
1314:
Manninen, Marjo; Kajanto, Isko; Happonen, Juha; Paltakari, Jouni (2011-08-01).
1153:
5928:
5629:
5446:
5350:
5061:
4845:
4766:
4749:
4726:
4674:
Veijalainen, A.-M.; Heiskanen, J.; Juntunen, M.-L.; Lilja, A. (January 2008).
4135:
3480:
3342:
3294:
3277:
3180:
3155:
Naab, J. B.; Mahama, G. Y.; Koo, J.; Jones, J. W.; Boote, K. J. (2015-01-28).
2374:
Hammett, A. L.; Youngs, Robert L.; Sun, Xiufang; Chandra, Mudit (2001-02-21).
2030:
1909:
1894:"Yellowing of Newspaper after Deacidification with Methyl Magnesium Carbonate"
1535:
1165:
825:
They have good dye affinity, allowing for a wide range of colors and finishes.
567:
Roots: After harvest, the roots of some plants may also be left in the ground.
6496:
6317:
6307:
6224:
6110:
6100:
6070:
6035:
5998:
5933:
5901:
5866:
5637:
5598:
5543:
5454:
5323:
5268:
5135:
5070:
5029:
4974:
4927:
4857:
4830:
4775:
4734:
4695:
4652:
4603:
4556:
4501:
4454:
4391:
4326:
4238:
4166:
4143:
4088:
4041:
3994:
3947:
3908:
3867:
3818:
3771:
3699:
3676:
3637:
3598:
3551:
3488:
3350:
3303:
3246:
3188:
3133:
3078:
3011:
2956:
2891:
2841:
2810:"The role of plantations in managing the world's forests in the Anthropocene"
2794:
2642:
2602:
2589:
2574:
2493:
2446:
2422:
2399:
2265:
2206:
2159:
2112:
2006:
1943:
1917:
1870:
1821:
1723:
1624:
1543:
1488:
1433:
1402:"Waste paper: An underutilized but promising source for nanocellulose mining"
1386:
1339:
1183:
1041:
1014:
He, Zhibin; Hui, Lanfeng; Liu, Zhong; Ni, Yonghao; Zhou, Yajun (2010-04-01).
279:
254:
4251:
4178:
3881:
Fuentes, Bárbara; Bolan, Nanthi; Naidu, Ravi; Mora, María de la Luz (2006).
3709:
2882:
2857:
2438:
1955:
6433:
6332:
6249:
6206:
6105:
6015:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5923:
5891:
5871:
5846:
5088:
4992:
4399:
4334:
4259:, vol. 32, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 169–205,
3254:
3215:"Agricultural waste management strategies for environmental sustainability"
3086:
3045:"A new circular business model typology for creating value from agro-waste"
3029:
2899:
2120:
1997:
1980:
1558:
1496:
1441:
779:
Irrigation: Cotton requires regular watering, especially during dry spells.
642:, bioethanol, and bio-oil. This contributes to renewable energy production.
3923:
2173:
Rogers, John Geoffrey; Cooper, Samuel J.; Norman, Jon B. (November 2018).
1568:
382:
for high-end printing and writing applications, as well as for packaging.
6448:
6413:
6408:
6327:
6090:
6075:
6020:
6010:
5993:
5973:
5958:
5851:
5801:
5701:
3939:
3276:
Sadh, Pardeep Kumar; Duhan, Surekha; Duhan, Joginder Singh (2018-01-02).
2375:
1556:
666:
Cover crops and crop residues left on the field surface can help prevent
320:
5938:
4750:"Managing Solid Waste In School Environment Through Composting Approach"
4382:
4167:"Factors Affecting the Decomposition of Crop Residues by Microorganisms"
3786:
3109:
2391:
6385:
6312:
6234:
6191:
6165:
6155:
6085:
6065:
6040:
6005:
5968:
5881:
5861:
3858:
3841:
3810:
3613:
3419:
Genetic Engineering, Biofertilisation, Soil Quality and Organic Farming
3125:
2979:
2565:
2548:
1861:
1836:
1464:
726:
4056:
3842:"Transformation of Biomass Waste into Sustainable Organic Fertilizers"
3629:
3003:
2594:
The Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork
2087:
Keijsers, Edwin R.P.; Yılmaz, Gülden; van Dam, Jan E.G. (March 2013).
1480:
1032:
1015:
404:
6423:
6181:
6145:
6125:
6095:
6030:
6025:
5876:
4080:
5151:"Nitrogen Management to Minimize Adverse Effects on the Environment"
3457:"Crop residue phosphorus: speciation and potential bio-availability"
2809:
1400:
Kumar, Varun; Pathak, Puneet; Bhardwaj, Nishi Kant (February 2020).
1360:
6438:
6282:
6272:
6229:
5953:
5387:, Ethnobiology, New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 439–456,
3317:
Dawson, Julie C.; Huggins, David R.; Jones, Stephen S. (May 2008).
2833:
306:
Wood-free paper is made from a variety of raw materials, including
262:
1981:"Mass yield of biochar from hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose"
6201:
5746:
5740:
5612:
Kameswara Rao, N.; Dulloo, M. E.; Engels, J. M. M. (2016-07-11).
4673:
3213:
Koul, Bhupendra; Yakoob, Mohammad; Shah, Maulin P. (April 2022).
706:
679:
5471:
Dryland Agriculture in Mexico and the U.S. Southern Great Plains
4347:
4292:
3614:"The nitrogen economy of broadacre lupin in southwest Australia"
2420:
1313:
4625:
KUMAR, NEERAJ; PISAL, RR; SHUKLA, SP; PANDEY, KK (2014-07-01).
2547:
Manaia, João P.; Manaia, Ana T.; Rodriges, Lúcia (2019-12-02).
2328:
2051:
Assessing and Measuring Environmental Impact and Sustainability
1795:
1295:
J.C. Roberts, The Chemistry of Paper, 1st edn., Cambridge, 1996
639:
270:
3043:
Donner, Mechthild; Gohier, Romane; de Vries, Hugo (May 2020).
2619:"Commercial clustering of sustainable bamboo species in India"
6135:
6130:
5836:
5686:
5467:
3454:
2423:"Non-wood fibers as raw material for pulp and paper industry"
2293:
Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry
1247:
441:
250:
2763:"Rule of Law and Avoided Deforestation from Protected Areas"
2616:
2467:
5565:
Wetselaar, R.; Jakobsen, P.; Chaplin, G.R. (January 1973).
5233:
Kristanto, Gabriel Andari; Koven, William (December 2019).
5199:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 23–47,
4420:
4008:
Parnaudeau, Virginie; Dignac, Marie-France (January 2007).
3924:"Composting for Feedlot Manure Management and Soil Quality"
2516:"Indian Startup Makes Tree-Free Paper That Saves Water Too"
2295:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 11–39,
667:
581:
545:
266:
131:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
5190:
3785:
Mary, B.; Recous, S.; Darwis, D.; Robin, D. (April 1996).
3510:
Vinther, F.P.; Hansen, E.M.; Olesen, J.E. (October 2004).
2679:
2329:
Griffith, T.; D'Alleva, G.; Lockley, B.; Wood, B. (2005).
5611:
5468:
Louis Baumhardt, R.; Salinas-Garcia, Jaime (2015-10-26),
2136:"Optimisation of wheat straw Triticum drum kraft pulping"
385:
Here are some of the specific types of wood-free papers:
5655:
5567:"Nitrogen balance in crop systems in tropical Australia"
5564:
5508:
Thierfelder, Christian; Mhlanga, Blessing (March 2022).
5104:"Nutrient balance patterns in African livestock systems"
4747:
4054:
3698:
Cook, R. J.; Boosalis, M. G.; Doupnik, B. (2015-10-26),
3365:"Agriculture, Agricultural Policies and the Environment"
2289:"Basic Overview of Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Process"
1557:
American Institute of Timber Construction (2012-07-16).
5197:
Modern Age Environmental Problems and their Remediation
4846:"Cover Crops Effects on Soil Erosion and Water Quality"
4569:
3415:"Beneficial Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture"
2854:
2373:
1700:"BASF sells Intertech & Pira to the Smithers group"
1465:"Application of Enzymes in the Pulp and Paper Industry"
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1207:"Brief Description of the Pulp and Papermaking Process"
709:
carryover) consequences, depending on how it's managed.
5343:
Properties and Performance of Natural-Fibre Composites
4624:
4467:
3651:
Setiawan, Wahyu Kamal; Chiang, Kung-Yuh (2020-06-20).
1524:
Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management
678:
Certain agricultural residues, such as rice straw and
534:
344:
Wood-free paper is used in a variety of applications:
5379:
Wegier, Ana; Alavez, Valeria; Piñero, Daniel (2016),
4708:
4206:
3880:
3784:
3371:, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 265–287, December 2009,
2808:
Paquette, Alain; Messier, Christian (February 2010).
2134:
Deniz, İlhan; Kırcı, Hüseyin; Ates, Saim (May 2004).
2086:
3839:
3042:
2546:
1978:
1298:
5290:Zuberi, M. Jibran S.; Ali, Shazia F. (April 2015).
3887:
Revista de la ciencia del suelo y nutrición vegetal
3840:Chew; Chia; Yen; Nomanbhay; Ho; Show (2019-04-15).
3697:
3611:
3509:
2227:
1979:Velebil, J.; Malaťák, J.; Bradna, J. (2016-12-31).
1518:Wong, C.H.; Nicholas, J.; Holt, G.D. (2003-04-01).
1399:
834:
638:Residues can be processed to produce biofuels like
5507:
5378:
3316:
3154:
2228:Clarke, CRE; Palmer, B; Gounden, D (August 2008).
2172:
962:
850:
939:
552:
6494:
5420:
4940:
4007:
3572:
1517:
1248:"The Coniferous - Leading Paper Trading Company"
1213:, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 9–26,
688:
3107:
2858:"Ecology and economics for pandemic prevention"
2807:
682:, are used as substrates for growing mushrooms.
5232:
5101:
5042:
3650:
3275:
3212:
2977:
2133:
875:
5671:
4844:Saba, Beenish; Christy, Ann D. (2021-03-30),
4164:
3960:
2238:Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science
1944:"Paper and Board Grades and Their Properties"
480:Advertising of Sustainable Farming Practices:
370:There are two main types of wood-free paper:
282:, decreased energy consumption, and improved
207:. Please discuss this issue on the article's
5012:International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
4715:Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development
4165:Parr, J. F.; Papendick, R. I. (2015-10-26),
4110:Kizha, Anil Raj; Han, Han-Sup (2017-04-26).
3921:
3701:Influence of Crop Residues on Plant Diseases
2921:Clark, Michael; Tilman, David (2017-06-01).
744:
361:
16:Paper created exclusively from chemical pulp
5005:
4843:
4014:Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
3922:DeLuca, T. H.; DeLuca, D. K. (April 1997).
3618:Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
3612:Unkovich, MJ; Pate, JS; Hamblin, J (1994).
2920:
2587:
1211:Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing
539:
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5733:
5678:
5664:
4754:Journal of Integrated Elementary Education
3883:"Phosphorus in Organic Waste-Soil Systems"
3108:Bationo, A.; Mokwunye, A. U. (July 1991).
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1013:
442:Advantages and benefits of wood-free paper
5533:
5514:Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
5289:
5258:
5163:10.2134/1990.nitrogenincropproduction.c45
5108:Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
5078:
5060:
5019:
4982:
4900:Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
4893:
4765:
4642:
4427:Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
4381:
4228:
3898:
3857:
3738:Kumar, Kuldip; Goh, Kuan M. (June 2002).
3293:
3068:
3019:
2946:
2881:
2601:
2564:
2029:
1996:
1860:
1835:Wu, Zonghua; Tanaka, Hiroo (April 1998).
1661:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1065:
1031:
234:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
5296:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
4522:
4109:
3737:
3520:O fluxes in unfertilised crop rotations"
3208:
3206:
2814:Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
2427:Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
2179:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2044:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1891:
1834:
1739:"Utilization of Residual Forest Biomass"
1694:
1692:
1690:
1598:
1320:Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
1129:"Know your paper terms: Wood-free paper"
621:
582:Characteristics of Agricultural Residues
421:
403:
390:
5148:
4850:Cover Crops and Sustainable Agriculture
3573:HUMPHERSON-JONES, F. M. (August 1989).
1736:
1264:
1099:"Print lingo explained: Woodfree paper"
261:. Chemical pulp is normally made from
6495:
5339:"Natural fibres: types and properties"
5336:
4796:
3412:
2286:
1650:
1639:
1585:
1462:
1284:
1204:
1126:
1054:
527:Alignment with Sustainability desires:
5659:
5381:"Cotton: Traditional and Modern Uses"
5102:Mohamed Saleem, M.A (December 1998).
3203:
2760:
2549:"Industrial Hemp Fibers: An Overview"
2019:
1932:
1814:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.02.004
1798:"Effects of γ-ray treatment on paper"
1687:
1151:
761:
520:Monetary Viability and market demand:
6477:
5618:Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
3369:Resource and Environmental Economics
2749:is also less likely to warp or curl.
1985:Research in Agricultural Engineering
1605:Journal of Asian and African Studies
171:
113:
95:move details into the article's body
66:
25:
4213:Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
2230:"Understanding and adding value to
1279:Handbook of pulping and papermaking
891:
535:Alternative Fibers: The Key Players
13:
5021:10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v7.i3.730
4256:Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 32
3961:Kögel-Knabner, I (February 2002).
3591:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1989.tb06810.x
3544:10.1023/b:fres.0000048477.56417.46
3524:Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
3161:Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
2258:10.2989/south.for.2008.70.2.12.540
2059:10.1016/b978-0-12-799968-5.00007-5
1663:10.1016/b978-0-12-803409-5.00008-2
1067:10.1016/b978-0-12-803409-5.00008-2
273:is removed and separated from the
14:
6534:
5239:City and Environment Interactions
5149:Aldrich, Samuel R. (2015-11-02),
4894:Erenstein, Olaf (November 2003).
4319:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.046
3928:Journal of Production Agriculture
2047:"The water footprint of industry"
2024:(Thesis). Iowa State University.
1802:Polymer Degradation and Stability
1332:10.3183/npprj-2011-26-03-p297-305
493:Diversification of supply Chains:
41:This article has multiple issues.
6476:
6467:
6466:
5605:
5558:
5501:
4529:Energy Conversion and Management
4474:Energy Conversion and Management
3049:Science of the Total Environment
835:Cotton Products and Applications
191:to read and navigate comfortably
176:
118:
71:
30:
5461:
5414:
5372:
5330:
5283:
5226:
5184:
5142:
5095:
5036:
4999:
4934:
4887:
4852:, CRC Press, pp. 268–279,
4837:
4790:
4741:
4702:
4688:10.17660/actahortic.2008.779.54
4667:
4618:
4563:
4523:Demirbas, Ayhan (August 2008).
4516:
4461:
4414:
4341:
4286:
4245:
4230:10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108537
4200:
4158:
4103:
4048:
4001:
3954:
3915:
3900:10.4067/s0718-27912006000200006
3874:
3833:
3778:
3731:
3691:
3644:
3605:
3566:
3503:
3448:
3406:
3357:
3310:
3269:
3148:
3101:
3070:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137065
3036:
2971:
2914:
2848:
2801:
2754:
2733:
2720:
2657:
2610:
2588:O'Brien, Mary G. (2015-01-01).
2581:
2540:
2508:
2461:
2414:
2367:
2322:
2280:
2221:
2166:
2127:
2089:"The cellulose resource matrix"
2080:
2038:
2013:
1972:
1885:
1828:
1789:
1730:
1550:
1511:
1456:
1393:
1354:
919:
810:
473:Usage of Agricultural Residues:
49:or discuss these issues on the
4549:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.02.020
4494:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113253
3657:Waste and Biomass Valorization
3282:Bioresources and Bioprocessing
2927:Environmental Research Letters
2787:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.004
2053:, Elsevier, pp. 221–254,
1942:Tillmann, Otmar (2006-01-20).
1656:, Elsevier, pp. 103–195,
1240:
1198:
1145:
1120:
1091:
1060:, Elsevier, pp. 103–195,
1048:
1007:
940:Hemp Products and Applications
553:Types of Agricultural Residues
507:More advantageous Soil health:
301:
1:
6293:Environmental impact of paper
5571:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
5480:10.2134/agronmonogr23.2ed.c10
5128:10.1016/s0167-8809(98)00144-3
5006:Mikiashvili, Nona A. (2005).
4920:10.1016/s0167-8809(03)00150-6
4823:10.1016/s0167-1987(03)00051-5
4447:10.1016/s0167-8809(03)00189-0
3987:10.1016/s0038-0717(01)00158-4
3967:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
3764:10.1016/s1161-0301(01)00133-2
2635:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112693
2623:Industrial Crops and Products
2152:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.011
2140:Industrial Crops and Products
2105:10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.110
1716:10.1016/s0969-6210(10)70272-1
1379:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.009
1367:Industrial Crops and Products
1127:Papers, Peters (2020-03-12).
1000:
963:Challenges and Considerations
851:Challenges and Considerations
791:
689:Challenges and Considerations
487:Waste discount and recycling:
5591:10.1016/0038-0717(73)90091-6
5393:10.1007/978-1-4614-6669-7_18
5260:10.1016/j.cacint.2020.100027
4374:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.013
3744:European Journal of Agronomy
3427:10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6_12
3239:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112285
2730:. McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP.
1426:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.041
1105:. 2016-05-10. Archived from
735:
7:
5345:, Elsevier, pp. 3–66,
5205:10.1007/978-3-319-64501-8_2
5155:Nitrogen in Crop Production
4265:10.1007/978-3-319-98914-3_7
2590:"Photography: My New Score"
2343:10.1109/pcicon.2005.1524534
2301:10.1007/978-3-319-18744-0_2
2045:Hoekstra, Arjen Y. (2015),
1948:Handbook of Paper and Board
1892:BUKOVSKÝ, VLADIMÍR (1997).
1747:10.1007/978-3-642-74072-5_8
1599:Windrich, E. (1998-01-01).
1219:10.1007/978-981-10-7853-8_2
978:
513:Help for Rural communities:
466:Decreased Carbon Footprint:
199:content into sub-articles,
10:
6539:
6503:Printing and writing paper
6240:Surface chemistry of paper
5743:(Zuo Bo/Tso Po/Tso Tzǔ-yi)
5535:10.1016/j.agee.2021.107812
5316:10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.028
4967:10.1038/s41598-020-58778-x
4644:10.54302/mausam.v65i3.1041
4596:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122840
4034:10.1016/j.jaap.2006.06.002
3669:10.1007/s12649-020-01126-x
3377:10.1142/9789812833969_0008
2761:Abman, Ryan (April 2018).
2741:"Woodfree Paper - Adazing"
2699:10.5040/9781350223356.0009
2665:"Woodfree Paper - Adazing"
2532:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2486:10.1007/s10570-022-04687-3
2199:10.1016/j.rser.2018.06.019
2020:Hsieh, Yung-Cheng (1997).
1710:(12): 6–7. December 2010.
1617:10.1177/002190969803300306
1560:Timber Construction Manual
866:
670:erosion by wind and water.
18:
6462:
6401:
6346:
6258:
6215:
6174:
5819:
5789:
5759:
5710:
5693:
5685:
5630:10.1007/s10722-016-0425-9
5447:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.008
5351:10.1533/9781845694593.1.3
5062:10.1186/s13568-018-0565-8
4803:Soil and Tillage Research
4767:10.21580/jieed.v3i1.16003
4727:10.37801/ajad2005.2.1-2.5
4136:10.1007/s40725-017-0060-5
3579:Annals of Applied Biology
3481:10.1007/s11104-012-1216-5
3343:10.1016/j.fcr.2008.01.001
3295:10.1186/s40643-017-0187-z
3181:10.1007/s10705-015-9675-8
2031:10.31274/rtd-180813-10494
1910:10.1515/rest.1997.18.1.25
1536:10.1108/09699980310466587
1463:Bajpai, P. (1999-04-05).
1166:10.1007/978-94-007-5875-9
876:Botanical Characteristics
745:Botanical Characteristics
362:Types of wood-free papers
253:created exclusively from
5772:Friedrich Gottlob Keller
4858:10.1201/9781003187301-15
4171:ASA Special Publications
4116:Current Forestry Reports
2948:10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5
2603:10.33178/boolean.2015.28
2287:Bajpai, Pratima (2015),
1737:Hakkila, Pentti (1989),
1277:Biermann, C. J. (1996).
1205:Bajpai, Pratima (2018),
540:1. Agricultural Residues
460:Decreased Deforestation:
265:, but is not considered
19:Not to be confused with
6288:Elemental chlorine free
6245:Units of paper quantity
4797:ROLDAN, A (July 2003).
4179:10.2134/asaspecpub31.c6
3710:10.2134/asaspecpub31.c8
3413:Javaid, Arshad (2010),
2883:10.1126/science.abc3189
2726:Marchak, M. P. (1995).
2439:10.1515/npprj-2019-0064
2337:. IEEE. pp. 1–10.
1956:10.1002/3527608257.ch11
1841:Journal of Wood Science
1654:Pulp and Paper Industry
1058:Pulp and Paper Industry
990:Woodfree uncoated paper
903:Cultivation Practices:
773:Cultivation Practices:
714:Transport and Storage:
448:Conservation of Forests
6268:Bleaching of wood pulp
3219:Environmental Research
1469:Biotechnology Progress
1154:"Floods in a Megacity"
1152:Dewan, Ashraf (2013).
722:Environmental Impact:
702:Harvesting Practices:
675:Mushroom Cultivation:
635:Bioenergy Production:
587:Chemical Composition:
427:
411:
396:
140:by rewriting it in an
6187:Corrugated fiberboard
5944:Electrical insulation
5797:Thomas Francis Carter
5385:Ethnobotany of Mexico
5337:ROWELL, R.M. (2008),
2093:Carbohydrate Polymers
1569:10.1002/9781118279687
622:Uses and Applications
425:
407:
394:
6518:Sustainable products
5427:Field Crops Research
3940:10.2134/jpa1997.0235
3323:Field Crops Research
2767:Ecological Economics
1998:10.17221/73/2015-rae
1103:Warners Midlands Plc
694:Nutrient Imbalance:
611:Decomposition Rate:
395:Cotton paper texture
5583:1973SBiBi...5...35W
5526:2022AgEE..32607812T
5439:2017FCrRe.208...18F
5308:2015RSERv..44..117Z
5251:2019CEnvI...400027K
5120:1998AgEE...71..241M
4959:2020NatSR..10.1814G
4912:2003AgEE..100...17E
4815:2003STilR..72...65R
4588:2022Fuel..31522840M
4541:2008ECM....49.2106D
4486:2020ECM...22213253W
4439:2003AgEE..100..251W
4366:2020WaMan.105..256C
4311:2016Chmsp.144..122Z
4221:2021AgFM..30808537T
4215:. 308–309: 108537.
4128:2017CForR...3..202K
4073:1987Natur.329..708B
4026:2007JAAP...78..140P
3979:2002SBiBi..34..139K
3803:1996PlSoi.181...71M
3756:2002EuJAg..16..295K
3536:2004NCyAg..70..189V
3473:2012PlSoi.359..375N
3335:2008FCrRe.107...89D
3231:2022ER....20612285K
3173:2015NCyAg.102...33N
3114:Fertilizer Research
3061:2020ScTEn.71637065D
2996:2017NatSR...739855Y
2939:2017ERL....12f4016C
2874:2020Sci...369..379D
2826:2010FrEE....8...27P
2779:2018EcoEc.146..282A
2693:, Zed Books, 2011,
2392:10.1515/hf.2001.036
2250:2008SFJFS..70..169C
2191:2018RSERv..95...23R
1853:1998JWSci..44..111W
1418:2020WaMan.102..281K
884:Family: Cannabaceae
647:Livestock Bedding:
4947:Scientific Reports
4680:Acta Horticulturae
3859:10.3390/su11082266
3811:10.1007/bf00011294
3126:10.1007/bf01048993
2984:Scientific Reports
2566:10.3390/fib7120106
1862:10.1007/bf00526255
1158:Springer Geography
762:Cotton Cultivation
603:Moisture Content:
595:Nutrient Content:
500:Energy efficiency:
428:
412:
397:
142:encyclopedic style
129:is written like a
6490:
6489:
5815:
5814:
5807:Tsien Tsuen-hsuin
5785:
5784:
5755:
5754:
5698:Paper engineering
5402:978-1-4614-6668-0
5214:978-3-319-64500-1
4274:978-3-319-98913-6
4188:978-0-89118-297-9
4067:(6141): 708–710.
3630:10.1071/ar9940149
3436:978-90-481-8740-9
3386:978-981-283-394-5
3004:10.1038/srep39855
2868:(6502): 379–381.
2728:Logging the globe
2708:978-1-84813-288-7
2687:"About Zed Books"
2596:(2015): 136–141.
2480:(12): 6907–6924.
2310:978-3-319-18743-3
1777:Missing or empty
1756:978-3-642-74074-9
1704:Focus on Pigments
1673:978-0-12-803409-5
1578:978-0-470-54509-6
1481:10.1021/bp990013k
1252:theconiferous.com
1228:978-981-10-7852-1
1175:978-94-007-5874-2
1033:10.32964/tj9.3.15
985:Coated fine paper
753:Family: Malvaceae
663:Erosion Control:
244:
243:
236:
226:
225:
170:
169:
162:
112:
111:
91:length guidelines
64:
6530:
6480:
6479:
6470:
6469:
6454:Beverage cartons
6444:Watercolor paper
6303:Hollander beater
5787:
5786:
5757:
5756:
5731:
5730:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5657:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5624:(5): 1061–1074.
5609:
5603:
5602:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5537:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5496:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5368:
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5334:
5328:
5327:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5262:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5188:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5114:(1–3): 241–254.
5099:
5093:
5092:
5082:
5064:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5023:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4986:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4769:
4745:
4739:
4738:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4682:(779): 431–438.
4671:
4665:
4664:
4646:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4535:(8): 2106–2116.
4520:
4514:
4513:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4433:(2–3): 251–263.
4418:
4412:
4411:
4385:
4354:Waste Management
4345:
4339:
4338:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4232:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4196:
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4162:
4156:
4155:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4081:10.1038/329708a0
4052:
4046:
4045:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3861:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3663:(5): 2207–2236.
3648:
3642:
3641:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3467:(1–2): 375–385.
3452:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3273:
3267:
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3200:
3152:
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3105:
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2805:
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2716:
2715:
2683:
2677:
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2661:
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2614:
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2605:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2544:
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2531:
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2512:
2506:
2505:
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2418:
2412:
2411:
2371:
2365:
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2284:
2278:
2277:
2225:
2219:
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2170:
2164:
2163:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2084:
2078:
2077:
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2075:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1864:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1793:
1787:
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1780:
1775:
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1734:
1728:
1727:
1696:
1685:
1684:
1665:
1648:
1637:
1636:
1596:
1583:
1582:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1406:Waste Management
1397:
1391:
1390:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1311:
1296:
1293:
1282:
1275:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1069:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1011:
892:Hemp Cultivation
750:Genus: Gossypium
627:Soil Amendment:
284:waste management
275:cellulose fibers
239:
232:
221:
218:
212:
180:
179:
172:
165:
158:
154:
151:
145:
122:
121:
114:
107:
104:
98:
89:Please read the
75:
74:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6493:
6492:
6491:
6486:
6458:
6397:
6342:
6338:Sulfite process
6323:Paper recycling
6278:Conical refiner
6260:
6254:
6211:
6197:Paper chemicals
6170:
5811:
5781:
5777:Charles Fenerty
5751:
5729:
5725:Missal of Silos
5720:Battle of Talas
5706:
5689:
5684:
5654:
5653:
5610:
5606:
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5559:
5506:
5502:
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4002:
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3696:
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3519:
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3449:
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3407:
3399:
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3102:
3041:
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2759:
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2713:
2711:
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2685:
2684:
2680:
2663:
2662:
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2615:
2611:
2586:
2582:
2545:
2541:
2525:
2524:
2522:. 29 June 2020.
2514:
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2132:
2128:
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2018:
2014:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1940:
1933:
1890:
1886:
1833:
1829:
1794:
1790:
1778:
1776:
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1759:
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1735:
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1398:
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1312:
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1203:
1199:
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1146:
1137:
1135:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1078:
1053:
1049:
1012:
1008:
1003:
995:Tree-free paper
981:
965:
942:
922:
894:
881:Genus: Cannabis
878:
869:
853:
837:
813:
794:
764:
747:
738:
691:
624:
584:
572:Animal Manure:
558:Crop Residues:
555:
542:
537:
444:
364:
304:
269:as most of the
259:mechanical pulp
247:Wood-free paper
240:
229:
228:
227:
222:
216:
213:
194:
181:
177:
166:
155:
149:
146:
138:help improve it
135:
123:
119:
108:
102:
99:
88:
85:may be too long
80:This article's
76:
72:
35:
31:
24:
21:Tree-free paper
17:
12:
11:
5:
6536:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6513:Paper products
6510:
6505:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6474:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6354:Paper industry
6350:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6298:Handmade paper
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6221:
6219:
6217:Specifications
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6178:
6176:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6056:Plastic-coated
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5915:
5914:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5793:
5791:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5767:Matthias Koops
5763:
5761:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5737:
5735:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5683:
5682:
5675:
5668:
5660:
5652:
5651:
5604:
5557:
5500:
5488:
5460:
5413:
5401:
5371:
5359:
5329:
5282:
5225:
5213:
5183:
5171:
5141:
5094:
5035:
4998:
4933:
4886:
4866:
4836:
4789:
4740:
4721:(1–2): 49–66.
4701:
4666:
4637:(3): 361–364.
4617:
4562:
4515:
4460:
4413:
4340:
4285:
4273:
4244:
4199:
4187:
4157:
4122:(3): 202–212.
4102:
4047:
4020:(1): 140–152.
4000:
3973:(2): 139–162.
3953:
3934:(2): 235–241.
3914:
3873:
3846:Sustainability
3832:
3791:Plant and Soil
3777:
3750:(4): 295–308.
3730:
3718:
3690:
3643:
3604:
3565:
3530:(2): 189–199.
3517:
3513:
3502:
3461:Plant and Soil
3447:
3435:
3405:
3385:
3356:
3309:
3268:
3202:
3147:
3120:(1): 117–125.
3100:
3035:
2970:
2913:
2847:
2834:10.1890/080116
2800:
2753:
2732:
2719:
2707:
2678:
2656:
2609:
2580:
2539:
2507:
2460:
2433:(2): 215–230.
2413:
2386:(2): 219–224.
2366:
2351:
2321:
2309:
2279:
2244:(2): 169–174.
2220:
2165:
2146:(3): 237–243.
2126:
2079:
2067:
2037:
2012:
1991:(4): 179–184.
1971:
1964:
1931:
1884:
1847:(2): 111–115.
1827:
1788:
1755:
1729:
1686:
1672:
1638:
1611:(3): 278–279.
1584:
1577:
1549:
1510:
1475:(2): 147–157.
1455:
1392:
1353:
1326:(3): 297–305.
1297:
1283:
1263:
1239:
1227:
1197:
1174:
1144:
1119:
1090:
1076:
1047:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
992:
987:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
969:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
952:
949:
946:
941:
938:
937:
936:
932:
929:
926:
921:
918:
917:
916:
912:
911:
910:
907:
901:
898:
893:
890:
889:
888:
885:
882:
877:
874:
868:
865:
864:
863:
860:
857:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
841:
836:
833:
832:
831:
828:
827:
826:
823:
817:
812:
809:
808:
807:
804:
801:
798:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
777:
771:
768:
763:
760:
759:
758:
754:
751:
746:
743:
737:
734:
733:
732:
731:
730:
729:gas emissions.
720:
719:
718:
712:
711:
710:
700:
699:
698:
690:
687:
686:
685:
684:
683:
673:
672:
671:
661:
660:
659:
653:
652:
651:
645:
644:
643:
633:
632:
631:
623:
620:
619:
618:
617:
616:
609:
608:
607:
601:
600:
599:
593:
592:
591:
583:
580:
579:
578:
577:
576:
570:
569:
568:
565:
562:
554:
551:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
524:
517:
510:
504:
497:
490:
484:
477:
470:
463:
457:
454:Harder to Warp
451:
443:
440:
432:
431:
420:Bamboo paper:
418:
415:
400:
389:Cotton paper:
379:
378:
375:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
352:
349:
342:
341:
338:
335:
332:
325:
324:
317:
314:
311:
303:
300:
242:
241:
224:
223:
217:September 2024
203:it, or adding
184:
182:
175:
168:
167:
126:
124:
117:
110:
109:
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6535:
6524:
6523:Deforestation
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6483:
6475:
6473:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6379:United States
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6318:Paper machine
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6308:Kraft process
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5692:
5688:
5681:
5676:
5674:
5669:
5667:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5561:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5504:
5491:
5489:9780891182658
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5464:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5417:
5404:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5375:
5362:
5360:9781845692674
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5286:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5216:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5187:
5174:
5172:9780891182436
5168:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5145:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5098:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5039:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5002:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4890:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4867:9781003187301
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4840:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4744:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4670:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4289:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4248:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4190:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3957:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3734:
3721:
3719:9780891182979
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3694:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3506:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3438:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3329:(2): 89–101.
3328:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3207:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2933:(6): 064016.
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2729:
2723:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2691:The New Maids
2688:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2535:
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2397:
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2385:
2381:
2380:Holzforschung
2377:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2352:0-7803-9272-8
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2312:
2306:
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2298:
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2196:
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2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2070:
2068:9780127999685
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1965:9783527309979
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
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1876:
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1868:
1863:
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1850:
1846:
1842:
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1831:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1771:
1758:
1752:
1748:
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1733:
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1713:
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1705:
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1595:
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1580:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:(2): 99–116.
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
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1310:
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1306:
1304:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1288:
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1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1134:
1133:Peters Papers
1130:
1123:
1109:on 2022-12-10
1108:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1077:9780128034095
1073:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:TAPPI Journal
1017:
1010:
1006:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
973:
970:
967:
966:
957:
953:
950:
947:
944:
943:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
913:
908:
905:
904:
902:
899:
896:
895:
886:
883:
880:
879:
873:
861:
858:
855:
854:
845:
842:
839:
838:
829:
824:
821:
820:
818:
815:
814:
805:
802:
799:
796:
795:
786:
781:
778:
775:
774:
772:
769:
766:
765:
755:
752:
749:
748:
742:
728:
724:
723:
721:
716:
715:
713:
708:
704:
703:
701:
696:
695:
693:
692:
681:
677:
676:
674:
669:
665:
664:
662:
657:
656:
654:
649:
648:
646:
641:
637:
636:
634:
629:
628:
626:
625:
613:
612:
610:
605:
604:
602:
597:
596:
594:
589:
588:
586:
585:
574:
573:
571:
566:
563:
560:
559:
557:
556:
550:
547:
528:
525:
521:
518:
514:
511:
508:
505:
501:
498:
494:
491:
488:
485:
481:
478:
474:
471:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
445:
439:
435:
424:
419:
416:
410:
406:
401:
393:
388:
387:
386:
383:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
356:
353:
350:
347:
346:
345:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
328:
322:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
307:
299:
295:
291:
287:
285:
281:
280:deforestation
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:chemical pulp
252:
248:
238:
235:
220:
210:
206:
202:
198:
192:
190:
185:This article
183:
174:
173:
164:
161:
153:
143:
139:
133:
132:
127:This article
125:
116:
115:
106:
103:December 2023
96:
92:
86:
84:
78:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
6419:Papier-mâché
6414:Paper towels
6333:Soda pulping
6250:Wet strength
6150:
6051:Photographic
5924:Cotton (rag)
5897:Construction
5621:
5617:
5607:
5577:(1): 35–40.
5574:
5570:
5560:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5493:, retrieved
5470:
5463:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5406:, retrieved
5384:
5374:
5364:, retrieved
5342:
5332:
5299:
5295:
5285:
5242:
5238:
5228:
5218:, retrieved
5196:
5186:
5176:, retrieved
5154:
5144:
5111:
5107:
5097:
5052:
5048:
5038:
5011:
5001:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4906:(1): 17–37.
4903:
4899:
4889:
4879:, retrieved
4849:
4839:
4809:(1): 65–73.
4806:
4802:
4792:
4760:(1): 34–57.
4757:
4753:
4743:
4718:
4714:
4704:
4679:
4669:
4634:
4630:
4620:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4532:
4528:
4518:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4383:10261/202862
4357:
4353:
4343:
4302:
4298:
4288:
4278:, retrieved
4255:
4247:
4212:
4202:
4192:, retrieved
4170:
4160:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4017:
4013:
4003:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3797:(1): 71–82.
3794:
3790:
3780:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3723:, retrieved
3700:
3693:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3621:
3617:
3607:
3585:(1): 45–50.
3582:
3578:
3568:
3527:
3523:
3505:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3440:, retrieved
3418:
3408:
3398:, retrieved
3368:
3359:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3222:
3218:
3167:(1): 33–43.
3164:
3160:
3150:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3052:
3048:
3038:
2990:(1): 39855.
2987:
2983:
2973:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2865:
2861:
2850:
2820:(1): 27–34.
2817:
2813:
2803:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2735:
2727:
2722:
2712:, retrieved
2690:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2593:
2583:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2519:
2510:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2334:
2324:
2314:, retrieved
2292:
2282:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2223:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2072:, retrieved
2050:
2040:
2021:
2015:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1947:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1779:|title=
1760:, retrieved
1732:
1707:
1703:
1653:
1608:
1604:
1559:
1552:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1323:
1319:
1278:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:
1242:
1232:, retrieved
1210:
1200:
1157:
1147:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:the original
1102:
1093:
1057:
1050:
1026:(3): 15–20.
1023:
1019:
1009:
870:
819:Properties:
811:Cotton Fiber
739:
655:Composting:
543:
526:
519:
512:
506:
499:
492:
486:
479:
472:
465:
459:
453:
447:
436:
433:
426:Bamboo paper
408:
402:Hemp paper:
384:
380:
369:
365:
343:
326:
305:
296:
292:
288:
257:rather than
246:
245:
230:
214:
186:
156:
147:
128:
100:
83:lead section
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
6449:Paper money
6409:Lined paper
6328:Papermaking
6261:and process
6259:Manufacture
6235:Paper sizes
5964:Greaseproof
5949:Genkō yōshi
5802:Dard Hunter
5734:Originators
5702:Papermaking
5302:: 117–131.
5049:AMB Express
4953:(1): 1814.
4360:: 256–267.
4305:: 122–130.
4299:Chemosphere
3852:(8): 2266.
2773:: 282–289.
2559:(12): 106.
2099:(1): 9–21.
1950:: 446–466.
1898:Restaurator
1412:: 281–303.
1373:: 158–168.
1281:. Elsevier.
469:treatments.
321:photography
302:Composition
205:subheadings
150:August 2024
6497:Categories
6386:Paper mill
6313:Organosolv
6192:Fiber crop
6182:China clay
6141:Waterproof
6041:Paperboard
5919:Correction
5912:Carbonless
5760:Developers
5520:: 107812.
5495:2023-10-14
5408:2023-10-14
5366:2023-10-14
5245:: 100027.
5220:2023-10-14
5178:2023-10-14
4881:2023-10-14
4582:: 122840.
4480:: 113253.
4280:2023-10-14
4194:2023-10-14
3725:2023-10-14
3624:(1): 149.
3442:2023-10-14
3400:2023-10-14
3225:: 112285.
3055:: 137065.
2714:2023-06-07
2629:: 112693.
2316:2023-10-15
2232:Eucalyptus
2074:2023-10-12
1762:2023-10-12
1257:2023-10-19
1234:2023-06-06
1138:2022-12-10
1113:2022-12-10
1001:References
920:Life Cycle
792:Life Cycle
727:greenhouse
516:plentiful.
409:Hemp paper
201:condensing
46:improve it
6439:Notebooks
6424:Cardboard
6207:Wood pulp
6175:Materials
6151:Wood-free
6126:Wallpaper
6121:Tree-free
6061:Red rosin
6046:Parchment
6031:Onionskin
6026:Newsprint
5887:Cartridge
5882:Cardstock
5877:Cardboard
5827:Acid-free
5646:254501805
5638:0925-9864
5599:0038-0717
5552:244931763
5544:0167-8809
5455:0378-4290
5433:: 18–26.
5324:1364-0321
5277:218798751
5269:2590-2520
5136:0167-8809
5071:2191-0855
5055:(1): 46.
5030:1521-9437
4975:2045-2322
4928:0167-8809
4876:233613439
4831:0167-1987
4784:259415481
4776:2776-1657
4735:1656-4383
4696:0567-7572
4661:248977624
4653:0252-9416
4612:245059676
4604:0016-2361
4557:0196-8904
4510:224863955
4502:0196-8904
4455:0167-8809
4408:211260887
4392:0956-053X
4327:0045-6535
4239:0168-1923
4152:114261219
4144:2198-6436
4089:0028-0836
4042:0165-2370
3995:0038-0717
3948:0890-8524
3909:0718-2791
3868:2071-1050
3819:0032-079X
3772:1161-0301
3685:255761483
3677:1877-2641
3638:0004-9409
3599:0003-4746
3552:1385-1314
3497:254942151
3489:0032-079X
3395:133172488
3351:0378-4290
3304:2197-4365
3263:239930556
3247:0013-9351
3197:254511028
3189:1385-1314
3134:0167-1731
3095:211079869
3079:0048-9697
3012:2045-2322
2957:1748-9326
2908:220714448
2892:0036-8075
2842:1540-9295
2795:0921-8009
2651:224933420
2643:0926-6690
2575:2079-6439
2528:cite news
2502:246911429
2494:0969-0239
2474:Cellulose
2455:213801102
2447:2000-0669
2400:0018-3830
2266:2070-2620
2215:115446477
2207:1364-0321
2185:: 23–37.
2160:0926-6690
2113:0144-8617
2007:1212-9151
1918:0034-5806
1871:1435-0211
1822:0141-3910
1808:: 25–30.
1724:0969-6210
1633:220925623
1625:0021-9096
1563:. Wiley.
1544:0969-9988
1489:8756-7938
1450:207965485
1434:0956-053X
1387:0926-6690
1348:137540823
1340:2000-0669
1192:127800463
1184:2194-315X
1042:0734-1415
955:products.
736:2. Cotton
523:products.
503:remedies.
430:projects.
414:projects.
399:projects.
209:talk page
197:splitting
195:Consider
93:and help
52:talk page
6472:Category
6429:Clothing
6347:Industry
6283:Deinking
6273:Calender
6230:Grammage
6116:Transfer
6081:Security
5954:Glassine
5857:Blotting
5832:Air-laid
5790:Scholars
5089:29572689
4993:32020024
4400:32088572
4335:26347934
3827:25332318
3560:22272215
3255:34710442
3142:32038201
3087:32044489
3030:28054647
2900:32703868
2408:98128960
2274:86195135
2121:23465896
1926:96841775
1879:95493027
1770:citation
1682:89782614
1505:26080240
1497:10194388
1442:31704510
1086:89782614
979:See also
935:content.
757:cotton).
483:impacts.
476:farmers.
263:pulpwood
189:too long
6482:Commons
6434:Tissues
6225:Density
6202:Papyrus
6161:Writing
6111:Tracing
6101:Thermal
6076:Scritta
6071:Rolling
6036:Origami
5999:Butcher
5934:Display
5902:Contact
5867:Bristol
5842:Asphalt
5747:Damjing
5741:Cai Lun
5712:History
5579:Bibcode
5522:Bibcode
5435:Bibcode
5304:Bibcode
5247:Bibcode
5116:Bibcode
5080:5866258
5014:: 433.
4984:7000765
4955:Bibcode
4908:Bibcode
4811:Bibcode
4584:Bibcode
4537:Bibcode
4482:Bibcode
4435:Bibcode
4362:Bibcode
4307:Bibcode
4217:Bibcode
4124:Bibcode
4097:4310998
4069:Bibcode
4022:Bibcode
3975:Bibcode
3799:Bibcode
3752:Bibcode
3532:Bibcode
3469:Bibcode
3331:Bibcode
3227:Bibcode
3169:Bibcode
3057:Bibcode
3021:5214061
2992:Bibcode
2965:4825837
2935:Bibcode
2870:Bibcode
2862:Science
2822:Bibcode
2775:Bibcode
2745:Adazing
2674:needed.
2669:Adazing
2520:Goodnet
2361:5709110
2246:Bibcode
2187:Bibcode
1849:Bibcode
1414:Bibcode
915:issues.
867:3. Hemp
707:disease
680:sawdust
496:timber.
187:may be
136:Please
6364:Europe
6359:Canada
6106:Tissue
6016:Manila
5989:Korean
5984:Ingres
5979:Inkjet
5892:Coated
5872:Carbon
5847:Banana
5644:
5636:
5597:
5550:
5542:
5486:
5453:
5399:
5357:
5322:
5275:
5267:
5211:
5169:
5134:
5087:
5077:
5069:
5028:
4991:
4981:
4973:
4926:
4874:
4864:
4829:
4782:
4774:
4733:
4694:
4659:
4651:
4631:MAUSAM
4610:
4602:
4555:
4508:
4500:
4453:
4406:
4398:
4390:
4333:
4325:
4271:
4237:
4185:
4150:
4142:
4095:
4087:
4061:Nature
4040:
3993:
3946:
3907:
3866:
3825:
3817:
3770:
3716:
3683:
3675:
3636:
3597:
3558:
3550:
3495:
3487:
3433:
3393:
3383:
3349:
3302:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3195:
3187:
3140:
3132:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3028:
3018:
3010:
2963:
2955:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2840:
2793:
2705:
2649:
2641:
2573:
2553:Fibers
2500:
2492:
2453:
2445:
2406:
2398:
2359:
2349:
2307:
2272:
2264:
2234:fibre"
2213:
2205:
2158:
2119:
2111:
2065:
2005:
1962:
1924:
1916:
1877:
1869:
1820:
1753:
1722:
1680:
1670:
1631:
1623:
1575:
1542:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1385:
1346:
1338:
1225:
1190:
1182:
1172:
1084:
1074:
1040:
640:biogas
615:straw.
271:lignin
6508:Paper
6374:Japan
6369:India
6136:Wasli
6131:Washi
6091:Stone
6021:Mummy
6011:Lokta
5994:Kraft
5974:India
5959:Graph
5929:Crêpe
5852:Bible
5837:Amate
5820:Types
5687:Paper
5642:S2CID
5548:S2CID
5273:S2CID
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