438:, for the liberation of the masses. The party combined demand for full independence with socio-economic demands. In 1927, the WPP of Bombay presented a programme of action to the All India Congress Committee. The programme proposed struggle for full independence combined with active socio-economic policies for the toiling classes. The WPP of Bengal had submitted a manifesto the Madras Congress session, which sought that the Congress should engage in mass struggles for full independence and that a Constituent Assembly should determine the constitution of an independent India. The party also worked for the abolishment of '
378:
384:. Backrow:(left to right) K.N. Sehgal, S.S. Josh, H.L. Hutchinson, Shaukat Usmani, B.F. Bradly, A. Prasad, P. Spratt, and G. Adhikari. Middle Row: K.R. Mitra, Gopan Chakravarthy, Kishore Lal Ghosh, K.L. Kadam, D.R. Thengdi, Goura Shanker, S. Banerjee, K.N. Joglekar, P.C. Joshi, and Muzaffar Ahmed. Front Row: M.G. Desai, G. Goswami, R.S. Nimkar, S.S. Mirajkar, S.A. Dange, G.V. Ghate and Gopal Basak.
193:
was passed unanimously. This was the first time in history that the Indian
National Congress officially demanded full independence from British rule. During the Madras session, the WPP functioned as a faction. Directly after the Madras Congress, the WPP took part in a 'Republican Congress' meeting together with other left elements of the Congress Party and radical
172:. From the WPP of Bombay, K.N. Joglekar, R.S. Nimbkar and D.R. Tengdi were elected to the All India Congress Committee. From the WPP of Bengal, two party representatives were elected to the AICC. The WPP representatives together with Nehru were able to convince the AICC to make the Indian National Congress an associate member of the
323:'communists'. R.S. Nimbkar was the general secretary of the party. The conference discussed an affiliation of the party with the League against Imperialism. Spratt and Ahmed urged the conference to approve the affiliation of the party to the League. The conference decision to postpone a decision on the issue to a later occasion.
369:
they were tied up with either the system of landlordism and usury or straight away capitalist interests.' The letter did however take long time to reach the WPP. The Tenth Plenum of the ECCI, 3–19 July 1929, directed the Indian communists to break with WPP. When the communists deserted it, the WPP fell apart.
339:
The political fortunes of the WPP was to be terminated by changes in policy of the
Communist International. The July 1928 sixth congress of the Communist International declared that 'The Union of all communist groups and individuals scattered throughout the country into a single, illegal, independent
322:
on 22–24 December 1928, at which the All India
Workers and Peasants Party was formed. A 16-member national executive was elected. The Bengal, Bombay, Punjab and United Provinces were allocated four seats each in the national executive. Out of these 16, ten were either identified as CPI members or as
368:
argued for retaining the WPP. This declaration created confusion amongst the communist ranks in India. On 2 December 1928, the
Executive Committee of the Communist International had drafted a letter to the WPP, which singled out the WPP as consisting '...largely of petit-bourgeois intellectuals, and
192:
presented a proposal for a resolution in the
Subjects Committee, that the Indian National Congress should demand full independence for India. The proposal was seconded by Jawaharlal Nehru. At the open session of the Madras Congress, Nehru moved the resolution and Joglekar seconded it. The resolution
421:
As to the progress made in this conspiracy its main achievements have been the establishment of
Workers and Peasant Parties in Bengal, Bombay and Punjab and the U.P., but perhaps of deeper gravity was the hold that the members of the Bombay Party acquired over the workers in the textile industry in
129:
As of 1926, the WPP of Bengal had only 40 members, and its growth in membership was very slow. A two-room party office was set up at 37, Harrison Road, Calcutta. British intelligence perceived that the Bengal Jute
Workers Association, the Mymensingh Workers and Peasants Party (with branch in
348:. In his report, he stated that it was 'necessary to reject the formation of any kind of bloc between the Communist Party and the national-reformist opposition' in the colonies. Moreover, he claimed that parties like WPP could develop into petty bourgeois parties.
317:
and
Muzaffar Ahmed. They decided to appoint Sohan Singh Josh of the Punjab Kirti Kisan Party to chair the All India Workers and Peasants Conference, to be held in Calcutta in December. The provincial WPPs attended All India Workers and Peasants Conference in
422:
Bombay as shown by the extent of the control which they exercised during the strike of 1928 and the success they were achieving in pushing forward a thoroughly revolutionary policy in the Girni Kamgar Union after the strike came to an end.
799:, K.N. Joglekar; Punjab: Sohan Singh Josh, Bhag Singh Canadian, Ferozdin Monsoor and a fourth member (believed to have been either Ramprosad or Kedar Nath Sahgol); U.P.: Lachmi Narayan, Dr. Vishnu Nath Mukherjee, P.C. Joshi, Gauri Shankar
285:. The party held its founding conference in Jhansi on 28–29 October 1928. Jhavwala from Bombay presided over the conference. The other was the U.P. Peasants and Workers Party which was founded at a conference in
392:. Most of the WPP leadership was now put behind bars. The trial proceedings were to last for four years, thus outliving the WPP. Tengdi, the WPP of Bombay president, died whilst the trial was still going on.
340:
and centralized party represent the first task for Indian communists.' This was a statement made in opposition to the building of the 'multi-class' WPP. The new line was promoted at the congress by the
407:
If there is any resemblance between the
Communist Party and the Workers' and Peasants' Party is that the immediate programme of the former and the ultimate programme of the latter is one and the same
205:
Particularly the WPP of Bombay was successful in mobilising trade union work. It built unions amongst printing press, municipal and dock workers. It gained influence amongst the workers of the
98:, Qutubuddin Ahmad and Shamsuddin Hussain. The founding manifesto was signed by Kazi Nazrul Islam. During the first three month of existence, the party organisation was very provisional.
249:. In the book an argument is presented that national independence was not possible as long as capitalists dominated the freedom struggle. British intelligence sources claimed that
399:
It has already been pointed out to the Court that the
Workers' and Peasants' Party was a party inaugurated with a view to establish national independence through revolution.
506:
113:. The resolution was passed by the conference, and in accordance with this decision the name of the party was changed to 'Workers and Peasants Party of Bengal'. Dr.
153:
directed its members to join the provincial Workers and Peasants Parties. All open communist activities were carried out through Workers and Peasants Parties. The
1088:
302:
1986:
74:' phase, the communists deserted the WPP project. The WPP was wound up, as its leadership was arrested by the British authorities in March 1929.
62:
labour movement. The party was able to muster some success in making alliances with other left elements inside the Congress Party, amongst them
1991:
1097:
528:
131:
938:
Encyclopaedia of Political Parties - India - Pakistan - Bangladesh - National -Regional - Local. Vol. 23. Revolutionary Movements (1930-1946)
689:
Encyclopaedia of Political Parties - India - Pakistan - Bangladesh - National -Regional - Local. Vol. 23. Revolutionary Movements (1930-1946)
1976:
1971:
1081:
1146:
518:
24:
388:
On 20 March 1929, arrests against WPP, CPI and other labour leaders were made in several parts of India, in what became known as the
1054:
Encyclopaedia of Political Parties - India - Pakistan - Bangladesh - National -Regional - Local. Vol. 14. Communist Party of India
1000:
Encyclopaedia of Political Parties - India - Pakistan - Bangladesh - National -Regional - Local. Vol. 14. Communist Party of India
611:
Encyclopaedia of Political Parties - India - Pakistan - Bangladesh - National -Regional - Local. Vol. 14. Communist Party of India
565:
Encyclopaedia of Political Parties - India - Pakistan - Bangladesh - National -Regional - Local. Vol. 14. Communist Party of India
1956:
1513:
1074:
1981:
1951:
1020:
March of the Communist Movement in India - An Introduction to the Documents of the History of the Communist Movement in India
364:
Party' and that WPP 'is accumulating by itself the elements of future Indian Fascism.'. S.N. Tagore and the delegates of the
411:... As both are revolutionary bodies it is necessary that their national revolutionary programme should resemble each other.
20:
134:), the Dhakeswari Mill Workers Union, the Bengal Glass Workers Union, the Scavengers' Union of Bengal (with branches in
1961:
533:
28:
1966:
1910:
1849:
278:
245:, in March 1928. After the conference the executive of the party published the conference documents in a book titled
281:. One of them was the Bundelkhand Workers and Peasants Party, with N.L. Kadam as its secretary and headquartered in
365:
206:
229:, the WPP played a major role in organising manifestations in Calcutta and Bombay. In Bombay it also mobilised '
293:
was elected president and Dharamvir Singh was elected general secretary The Meerut conference was attended by
1915:
1503:
1925:
1778:
1588:
1188:
1900:
1844:
1813:
1773:
1483:
1248:
298:
434:
The founding manifesto of the Labour Swaraj Party stressed that the party was organised on the basis of
265:
in September 1928 the Punjab Kirti Kisan Party (Workers and Peasants Party of Punjab) was formed by the
1608:
173:
169:
1443:
1338:
352:
concurred with this view. In June 1928, he had submitted a document which called WPP an invention of
1930:
1808:
150:
55:
51:
1885:
1880:
1823:
1598:
1583:
1358:
1131:
1015:
888:
114:
67:
552:
1603:
1318:
1136:
1111:
389:
331:
The party contested the January 1929 Bombay municipal election, mustering around 12,500 votes.
1895:
1713:
1678:
1643:
1578:
1528:
1463:
1298:
1283:
1162:
523:
274:
497:. Soon it became the organ of the Punjab Kirti Kisan Party and managed by Sohan Singh Josh.
1818:
1708:
1468:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1278:
1253:
1208:
1203:
1167:
792:
118:
95:
8:
1768:
1763:
1683:
1613:
1438:
1423:
1368:
1303:
877:
109:
for the creation of a workers-peasants party. The move was seconded by Braja Nath Das of
1890:
1718:
1688:
1648:
1618:
1568:
1553:
1548:
1508:
1473:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1388:
1308:
1228:
1193:
214:
1920:
1875:
1653:
1573:
1563:
1498:
1428:
1121:
91:
377:
1859:
1854:
1803:
1748:
1703:
1673:
1663:
1623:
1538:
1378:
1263:
1243:
1218:
1126:
1116:
958:
924:
907:
816:
709:
675:
638:
592:
226:
164:
A WPP was formed in Bombay in January 1927. D.R. Thengdi was elected president and
63:
780:
277:, was elected president of the party. In October 1928 two WPPs were formed in the
1828:
1723:
1638:
1558:
1518:
1223:
43:
1066:
1793:
1788:
1758:
1743:
1593:
1448:
1353:
1293:
1288:
435:
357:
210:
987:
1945:
1905:
1728:
1693:
1488:
1478:
1453:
1433:
1398:
1393:
1258:
828:
464:
stopped publication after 15 issues. On 12 August 1926 it was substituted by
353:
345:
314:
294:
250:
189:
165:
862:
In Search of Revolution: International Communist Parties in the Third Period
1798:
1668:
1628:
1523:
1493:
1363:
1348:
1273:
1213:
1141:
494:
349:
71:
168:
general secretary. The WPPs gained influence within the Bombay and Bengal
1783:
1543:
1533:
1458:
1418:
1238:
1233:
1151:
955:
Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal
921:
Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal
813:
Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal
706:
Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal
672:
Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal
635:
Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal
589:
Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal
194:
105:
on 6 February 1926, a resolution was moved by Faizuddin Hussian Sahib of
1738:
1698:
1373:
1343:
1268:
1198:
796:
450:
The organ of the Labour Swaraj Party, and later the WPP of Bengal, was
361:
290:
262:
143:
106:
102:
509:. P.C. Joshi played an important role in organising the youth league.
1753:
1733:
1658:
1633:
1383:
1057:
1003:
941:
692:
614:
568:
439:
313:
In late November 1928 the WPP of Bengal executive committee met with
154:
149:
Soon after the 1926 conference of the WPP of Bengal, the underground
1313:
1156:
1040:
1023:
975:
844:
765:
743:
726:
658:
319:
242:
213:
in Bombay, which lasted for months. At the time of the strike, the
158:
460:
was Kazi Nazrul Islam and the editor was Manibhusan Mukhopadhaya.
477:
341:
417:
The judgement in the case was ended with the following passage:
54:
in 1925–1929. It became an important front organisation for the
865:
452:
286:
282:
270:
230:
185:
135:
83:
59:
988:
The Meerut Conspiracy Trial: Background, charges and sentences
426:
After the arrests of its main leaders, the WPP was dissolved.
356:
and that the party was a 'thoroughly anti-Marxist formation'.
489:
469:
139:
110:
47:
493:('Worker') had been started in 1926 by Santokh Singh of the
233:' (general strike) in protest against the Simon Commission.
124:
146:) and the Workers Protection League were led by the party.
791:
Bengal: Philipp Spratt, Dharani Goswami, Muzaffar Ahmed,
781:
P.C. Joshi : A Political Journey - Mainstream Weekly
382:
Portrait of 25 of Meerut Prisoners taken outside the jail
121:
and Qutubuddin Ahmad were elected as joint secretaries.
256:
1037:
Communism in India - Unpublished Documents 1925-1934
972:
Communism in India - Unpublished Documents 1925-1934
841:
Communism in India - Unpublished Documents 1925-1934
762:
Communism in India - Unpublished Documents 1925-1934
740:
Communism in India - Unpublished Documents 1925-1934
723:
Communism in India - Unpublished Documents 1925-1934
655:
Communism in India - Unpublished Documents 1925-1934
360:, a founding member of CPI, had described WPP as a '
484:('Awakening'), was politically close to the party.
88:
Labour Swaraj Party of the Indian National Congress
334:
1096:
858:Blowing Up India: The Comintern and India 1928-35
326:
1943:
927:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 97-98, 111-112
241:The WPP of Bengal held its third conference in
236:
529:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
1082:
101:At the All Bengal Praja Conference, held at
308:
1147:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
1089:
1075:
807:
805:
519:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
395:S.S. Mirajkar stated in his defense that:
372:
125:Build-up of the WPPs of Bengal and Bombay
90:. The founding leaders of the party were
1987:Political parties disestablished in 1929
898:
896:
756:
754:
752:
376:
200:
77:
819:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 93-94
802:
776:
774:
649:
647:
629:
627:
625:
623:
605:
603:
601:
583:
581:
579:
577:
468:. In 1928, the party also had a weekly
403:Abdul Majid on his behalf stated that:
184:At the 1927 annual Congress session in
1944:
944:: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 689-691
878:Kumar - Stage of the Indian Revolution
847:: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 61-62
220:
161:took part in the build-up of the WPP.
1992:Political parties established in 1925
1070:
1046:
992:
893:
749:
678:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 111
978:: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 164
961:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 96
795:; Bombay: S.V. Ghate, R.S. Nimbkar,
771:
712:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 94
644:
641:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 95
620:
598:
595:: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. p. 93
574:
557:
505:The youth wing of the party was the
476:('Red Flag'). A weekly newspaper in
25:Workers' and Peasants' Party (Japan)
1043:: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 48
1026:: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 29
746:: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 54
729:: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 42
661:: National Book Agency, 1998. p. 47
21:Workers and Peasants Party (France)
13:
1977:Defunct communist parties in India
1972:Defunct agrarian political parties
1060:: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 217
1006:: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 219
889:CHNN, No 13, Autumn 2002: Features
768:: National Book Agency, 1998. p.53
695:: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 838
617:: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 210
571:: Anmol Publications, 2002. p. 209
534:List of communist parties in India
257:Formation of WPPs in Punjab and UP
179:
29:Workers and Peasants Party (Egypt)
14:
2003:
253:had been the author of the book.
456:('Plough'). The chief editor of
366:Communist Party of Great Britain
225:During the protests against the
117:was elected party president and
58:and an influential force in the
36:Workers and Peasants Party (WPP)
1029:
1009:
981:
964:
947:
930:
913:
904:M.N. Roy: A Political Biography
882:
871:
850:
833:
822:
785:
732:
715:
445:
335:Comintern turns against the WPP
207:Great Indian Peninsular Railway
188:a leader of the WPP of Bombay,
1957:1929 disestablishments in Asia
910:: Orient Longman, 1998. p. 114
698:
681:
664:
546:
327:1929 Bombay municipal election
1:
1916:Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case
1911:Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial
1098:Indian Revolutionary Movement
539:
500:
197:. Nehru chaired the meeting.
1982:Indian independence movement
1952:1925 establishments in India
1926:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial
1779:Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath
1589:Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje
1189:Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya
553:50 years of peasant movement
237:1928 Bengal party conference
209:. During 1928 the WPP led a
7:
1901:Delhi Conspiracy Commission
1814:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
1774:Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath
1484:Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath
868:: I.B. Tauris, 2004. p. 330
829:The Meerut Conspiracy Trial
512:
429:
170:Pradesh Congress Committees
86:on 1 November 1925, as the
10:
2008:
1609:Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya
1173:Workers and Peasants Party
1016:Surjeet, Harkishan Surjeet
487:In Punjab the publication
174:League against Imperialism
50:, which worked inside the
27:. For party in Egypt, see
23:. For party in Japan, see
18:
1962:Agrarian parties in India
1868:
1837:
1444:Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee
1339:Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri
1181:
1104:
442:' system in agriculture.
82:The party was founded in
19:For party in France, see
1967:Communist Party of India
1931:Rodda company arms heist
1809:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
309:All India WPP conference
151:Communist Party of India
56:Communist Party of India
52:Indian National Congress
16:Political party in India
1886:Chittagong Armoury Raid
1881:Barisal Conspiracy Case
1824:Vishwanath Vaishampayan
1599:Pramod Ranjan Choudhury
1584:Pandurang Mahadev Bapat
1514:Manoranjan Bhattacharya
1359:Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
1132:Communist Consolidation
115:Nares Chandra Sen-Gupta
68:Communist International
1604:Pratul Chandra Ganguli
1319:Binod Bihari Chowdhury
1137:Dhaka Anushilan Samiti
1112:Abhinav Bharat Society
953:M.V.S. Koteswara Rao.
919:M.V.S. Koteswara Rao.
860:, in Worley, Matthew.
811:M.V.S. Koteswara Rao.
704:M.V.S. Koteswara Rao.
670:M.V.S. Koteswara Rao.
633:M.V.S. Koteswara Rao.
587:M.V.S. Koteswara Rao.
424:
413:
401:
390:Meerut Conspiracy Case
385:
373:Meerut Conspiracy case
1896:Delhi conspiracy case
1850:Bande Mataram (Paris)
1714:Shyamji Krishna Varma
1679:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
1644:Ram Chandra Bharadwaj
1579:Panchanan Chakraborty
1529:Mohan Kishore Namadas
1464:Krishnaji Gopal Karve
1299:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
1284:Bhagwati Charan Vohra
1163:Naujawan Bharat Sabha
524:Naujawan Bharat Sabha
507:Young Comrades League
419:
405:
397:
380:
275:Naujawan Bharat Sabha
269:group. Chabil Das, a
201:Trade union struggles
78:Founding of the party
1819:Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
1709:Shrish Chandra Ghosh
1469:Kartar Singh Sarabha
1334:Chandra Shekhar Azad
1329:Chempakaraman Pillai
1324:Bipin Behari Ganguli
1279:Bhagwan Singh Gyanee
1254:Basanta Kumar Biswas
1209:Anant Laxman Kanhere
1204:Alluri Sitarama Raju
1168:Paris Indian Society
1052:Ralhan, O.P. (ed.).
998:Ralhan, O.P. (ed.).
936:Ralhan, O.P. (ed.).
793:Hemanta Kumar Sarkar
687:Ralhan, O.P. (ed.).
609:Ralhan, O.P. (ed.).
563:Ralhan, O.P. (ed.).
273:propagandist of the
119:Hemanta Kumar Sarkar
96:Hemanta Kumar Sarkar
1769:Tarakeswar Sengupta
1764:Tarakeswar Dastidar
1684:Santosh Kumar Mitra
1614:Prem Krishna Khanna
1439:Jnanendra Das Gupta
1424:Jadugopal Mukherjee
1369:Gaya Prasad Katiyar
1304:Bhupendranath Datta
1035:Roy, Subodh (ed.).
970:Roy, Subodh (ed.).
839:Roy, Subodh (ed.).
760:Roy, Subodh (ed.).
738:Roy, Subodh (ed.).
721:Roy, Subodh (ed.).
261:At a conference in
221:Anti-Simon struggle
38:(also known as the
1891:Christmas Day Plot
1719:Sohan Singh Bhakna
1689:Satyendranath Bosu
1649:Ramakrishna Biswas
1619:Pritilata Waddedar
1569:Nirmal Jibon Ghosh
1554:Narendra Mohan Sen
1549:Munsha Singh Dukhi
1509:Manmath Nath Gupta
1414:Hemchandra Kanungo
1409:Harnam Singh Saini
1404:Hari Kishan Talwar
1389:Hare Krishna Konar
1309:Bhavabhushan Mitra
1229:Atul Krishna Ghosh
1194:Ambika Chakrabarty
653:Roy, Subodh(ed.).
386:
215:Girni Kamgar Union
66:. However, as the
1939:
1938:
1921:Kakori conspiracy
1876:Alipore Bomb case
1654:Ram Prasad Bismil
1574:Pandit Kanshi Ram
1564:Niranjan Sengupta
1499:Madan Lal Dhingra
1429:Jatindra Nath Das
1122:Bengal Volunteers
856:Callaghan, John.
303:Kedar Nath Sahgol
247:A Call for Action
92:Kazi Nazrul Islam
40:Kirti Kisan Party
1999:
1860:Jugantar Patrika
1855:Hindustan Ghadar
1804:Veer Bhai Kotwal
1749:Suniti Choudhury
1704:Shivaram Rajguru
1674:Sachindra Bakshi
1664:Rash Behari Bose
1624:Pulin Behari Das
1539:M. P. T. Acharya
1379:Guran Ditt Kumar
1264:Batukeshwar Dutt
1244:Baikuntha Shukla
1219:Anantahari Mitra
1127:Berlin Committee
1117:Anushilan Samiti
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1050:
1044:
1033:
1027:
1013:
1007:
996:
990:
985:
979:
968:
962:
951:
945:
934:
928:
917:
911:
900:
891:
886:
880:
875:
869:
854:
848:
837:
831:
826:
820:
809:
800:
789:
783:
778:
769:
758:
747:
736:
730:
719:
713:
702:
696:
685:
679:
668:
662:
651:
642:
631:
618:
607:
596:
585:
572:
561:
555:
550:
410:
279:United Provinces
227:Simon Commission
64:Jawaharlal Nehru
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1864:
1833:
1829:Yogendra Shukla
1724:Sohanlal Pathak
1639:Rajendra Lahiri
1559:Niralamba Swami
1519:Matangini Hazra
1224:Ashfaqulla Khan
1177:
1100:
1095:
1065:
1064:
1051:
1047:
1034:
1030:
1014:
1010:
997:
993:
986:
982:
969:
965:
952:
948:
935:
931:
918:
914:
901:
894:
887:
883:
876:
872:
855:
851:
838:
834:
827:
823:
810:
803:
790:
786:
779:
772:
759:
750:
737:
733:
720:
716:
703:
699:
686:
682:
669:
665:
652:
645:
632:
621:
608:
599:
586:
575:
562:
558:
551:
547:
542:
515:
503:
448:
432:
408:
375:
337:
329:
311:
259:
239:
223:
203:
195:trade unionists
182:
180:Madras Congress
127:
80:
44:political party
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2005:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1794:V. V. S. Aiyar
1791:
1789:Ullaskar Dutta
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1759:Tarak Nath Das
1756:
1751:
1746:
1744:Sukhdev Thapar
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:Prafulla Chaki
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1449:Kanailal Dutta
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1354:Durgawati Devi
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1294:Bhai Parmanand
1291:
1289:Bhai Balmukund
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1045:
1028:
1008:
991:
980:
963:
946:
929:
912:
902:Roy, Samaren.
892:
881:
870:
849:
832:
821:
801:
784:
770:
748:
731:
714:
697:
680:
663:
643:
619:
597:
573:
556:
544:
543:
541:
538:
537:
536:
531:
526:
521:
514:
511:
502:
499:
447:
444:
436:class struggle
431:
428:
374:
371:
358:Abani Mukherji
336:
333:
328:
325:
310:
307:
299:Muzaffar Ahmed
258:
255:
238:
235:
222:
219:
211:general strike
202:
199:
181:
178:
126:
123:
79:
76:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2004:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Ghadar Mutiny
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1845:Bande Mataram
1843:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Sri Aurobindo
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Satish Sardar
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
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1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
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1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:Mahavir Singh
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Kushal Konwar
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Khudiram Bose
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:Kalpana Datta
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Jiban Ghoshal
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Harigopal Bal
1397:
1395:
1394:Haridas Dutta
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Basawon Singh
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:Organizations
1103:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1001:
995:
989:
984:
977:
973:
967:
960:
956:
950:
943:
939:
933:
926:
922:
916:
909:
905:
899:
897:
890:
885:
879:
874:
867:
863:
859:
853:
846:
842:
836:
830:
825:
818:
814:
808:
806:
798:
794:
788:
782:
777:
775:
767:
763:
757:
755:
753:
745:
741:
735:
728:
724:
718:
711:
707:
701:
694:
690:
684:
677:
673:
667:
660:
656:
650:
648:
640:
636:
630:
628:
626:
624:
616:
612:
606:
604:
602:
594:
590:
584:
582:
580:
578:
570:
566:
560:
554:
549:
545:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
510:
508:
498:
496:
492:
491:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
454:
443:
441:
437:
427:
423:
418:
415:
412:
404:
400:
396:
393:
391:
383:
379:
370:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:Joseph Stalin
351:
347:
346:Otto Kuusinen
343:
332:
324:
321:
316:
315:Philip Spratt
306:
304:
300:
296:
295:Philip Spratt
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
254:
252:
251:Philip Spratt
248:
244:
234:
232:
228:
218:
217:was founded.
216:
212:
208:
198:
196:
191:
190:K.N. Joglekar
187:
177:
175:
171:
167:
166:S.S. Mirajkar
162:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
75:
73:
70:entered its '
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
26:
22:
1838:Publications
1799:Vanchinathan
1669:Roshan Singh
1629:P. V. Kurian
1524:Mohit Moitra
1494:Lokenath Bal
1364:Ganesh Ghosh
1349:Dinesh Gupta
1274:Bhagat Singh
1214:Ananta Singh
1172:
1142:Ghadar Party
1053:
1048:
1036:
1031:
1019:
1011:
999:
994:
983:
971:
966:
954:
949:
937:
932:
920:
915:
903:
884:
873:
861:
857:
852:
840:
835:
824:
812:
787:
761:
739:
734:
722:
717:
705:
700:
688:
683:
671:
666:
654:
634:
610:
588:
564:
559:
548:
504:
495:Ghadar Party
488:
486:
481:
473:
465:
461:
457:
451:
449:
446:Publications
433:
425:
420:
416:
414:
406:
402:
398:
394:
387:
381:
350:Leon Trotsky
338:
330:
312:
266:
260:
246:
240:
224:
204:
183:
163:
148:
128:
100:
87:
81:
72:Third Period
39:
35:
33:
1784:Udham Singh
1544:Mukundi Lal
1534:Motilal Roy
1474:Kishori Lal
1459:Kalyani Das
1419:Hemu Kalani
1249:Banwari Lal
1239:Bagha Jatin
1234:Badal Gupta
1152:India House
1946:Categories
1739:Subodh Roy
1699:Shiv Verma
1374:Gulab Kaur
1344:Deba Gupta
1269:Benoy Basu
1199:Ajoy Ghosh
1159:(Yugantar)
797:S.A. Dange
540:References
501:Youth wing
474:Lal Nishan
362:Kuomintang
344:communist
291:P.C. Joshi
157:organiser
144:Mymensingh
107:Mymensingh
103:Krishnagar
1754:Surya Sen
1734:Srish Pal
1659:Ram Rakha
1634:Rajat Sen
1384:Har Dayal
1058:New Delhi
1004:New Delhi
959:Hyderabad
942:New Delhi
925:Hyderabad
908:Hyderabad
817:Hyderabad
710:Hyderabad
693:New Delhi
676:Hyderabad
639:Hyderabad
615:New Delhi
593:Hyderabad
569:New Delhi
440:zamindari
155:Comintern
1314:Bina Das
1157:Jugantar
1041:Calcutta
1024:Calcutta
976:Calcutta
845:Calcutta
766:Calcutta
744:Calcutta
727:Calcutta
659:Calcutta
513:See also
466:Ganavani
430:Policies
320:Calcutta
263:Lyallpur
243:Bhatpara
159:M.N. Roy
42:) was a
482:Jagaran
478:Kushtia
472:organ,
342:Finnish
1869:Events
1182:People
866:London
462:Langal
458:Langal
453:Langal
409:
287:Meerut
283:Jhansi
271:Lahore
231:hartal
186:Madras
136:Howrah
84:Bengal
60:Bombay
490:Kirti
470:Hindi
267:Kirti
140:Dacca
111:Bogra
48:India
301:and
142:and
132:Atia
34:The
46:in
1948::
1056:.
1039:.
1022:.
1018:.
1002:.
974:.
957:.
940:.
923:.
906:.
895:^
864:.
843:.
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804:^
773:^
764:.
751:^
742:.
725:.
708:.
691:.
674:.
657:.
646:^
637:.
622:^
613:.
600:^
591:.
576:^
567:.
480:,
305:.
297:,
289:.
176:.
138:,
94:,
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
31:.
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