3732:
referred to as the Aubry Law, according to the name of the Labor
Minister at that time. Employees may (and do) work more than 35 hours a week, yet in this case firms must pay them overtime bonuses. If the bonus is determined through collective negotiations, it cannot be lower than 10%. If no agreement on working time is signed, the legal bonus must be of 25% for the first 8 hours, then goes up to 50% for the rest. Including overtime, the maximum working time cannot exceed 48 hours per week, and should not exceed 44 hours per week over 12 weeks in a row. In France the labor law also regulates the minimum working hours: part-time jobs should not allow for less than 24 hours per week without a branch collective agreement. These agreements can allow for less, under tight conditions. According to the official statistics (DARES), after the introduction of the law on working time reduction, actual hours per week performed by full-time employed, fell from 39.6 hours in 1999, to a trough of 37.7 hours in 2002, then gradually went back to 39.1 hours in 2005. In 2016 working hours were of 39.1.
159:
3505:, but does not support a legislation to regulate working hours limit. They believe "standard working hours" is not the best way to achieve work–life balance and the root cause of the long working hours in Hong Kong is due to insufficient labor supply. The managing director of Century Environmental Services Group, Catherine Yan, said "Employees may want to work more to obtain a higher salary due to financial reasons. If standard working hour legislation is passed, employers will need to pay a higher salary to employees, and hence the employers may choose to segment work tasks to employer more part time employees instead of providing overtime pay to employees." She thinks this will lead to a situation that the employees may need to find two part-time jobs to earn their living, making them wasting more time on transportation from one job to another.
3473:, while the global and regional average were 1,915 and 2,154 hours per year respectively, the average working hours in Hong Kong is 2,296 hours per year, which ranked the fifth longest yearly working hours among 72 countries under study. In addition, from the survey conducted by the Public Opinion Study Group of the University of Hong Kong, 79% of the respondents agree that the problem of overtime work in Hong Kong is "severe", and 65% of the respondents support the legislation on the maximum working hours. In Hong Kong, 70% of surveyed do not receive any overtime remuneration. These show that people in Hong Kong concerns the working time issues. As Hong Kong implemented the minimum wage law in May 2011, the Chief Executive,
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3426:
workers. Japan has enacted an 8-hour work day and 40-hour work week (44 hours in specified workplaces). The overtime limits are: 15 hours a week, 27 hours over two weeks, 43 hours over four weeks, 45 hours a month, 81 hours over two months and 120 hours over three months; however, some workers get around these restrictions by working several hours a day without 'clocking in' whether physically or metaphorically. The overtime allowance should not be lower than 125% and not more than 150% of the normal hourly rate. Workaholism in Japan is considered a serious social problem leading to early death, a phenomenon dubbed
3653:, believes that standard working hours cannot deliver "work–life balance". He referenced the research to the US by the University of California, Los Angeles in 1999 and pointed out that in the industries and regions in which the wage elasticity is low, the effects of standard working hours on lowering actual working time and increasing wages is limited: for regions where the labor supply is inadequate, standard working hours can protect employees' benefits yet cause unemployment; but for regions (such as Japan) where the problem does not exist, standard working hours would only lead to unemployment.
3410:
3630:
experience of practicing standard working hours in selected regions, current work hour situations in different industries, and the impact assessment of standard working hours. Also, Matthew Cheung mentioned that the government will form a select committee by first quarter of 2013, which will include government officials, representative of labor unions and employers' associations, academics and community leaders, to investigate the related issues. He also said that it would "perhaps be unrealistic" to put forward a bill for standard working hours in the next one to two years.
3834:
not spend any time at work) remained stable at between 27 and 28 hours per week. This unchanging average, however, masks a significant redistribution of work from men to women. Between 1974 and 1997, the average time spent at work by prime working-age
Australian men fell from 45 to 36 hours per week, while the average time spent at work by prime working-age Australian women rose from 12 to 19 hours per week. In the period leading up to 1997, the amount of time Australian workers spent at work outside the hours of 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekdays also increased.
3703:
worker is less than 44 hours every alternate week, the 44-hour weekly limit may be exceeded in the other week. However, this is subject to the pre-specification in the service contract, and the maximum should not exceed 48 hours per week or 88 hours in any consecutive two week period. In addition, a shift worker can work up to 12 hours a day, provided that the average working hours per week do not exceed 44 over a consecutive three-week period. The overtime allowance per overtime hour must not be less than 1.5 times the employee's hourly basic rates.
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3646:, has said that introducing standard working hours could avoid excessively long working hours of employees. He also said that nowadays Hong Kong attains almost full employment, has a high rental price and severe inflation, recently implemented minimum wage, and is affected by a gloomy global economy; he also mentioned that comprehensive considerations on macroeconomic situations are needed, and emphasized that it is perhaps inappropriate to adopt working-time regulation as exemplified in other countries to Hong Kong.
3323:
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832:(or normal working hours) refers to the legislation to limit the working hours per day, per week, per month or per year. The employer pays higher rates for overtime hours as required in the law. Standard working hours of countries worldwide are around 40 to 44 hours per week (but not everywhere: from 35 hours per week in France to up to 105 hours per week in North Korean labor camps) and the additional overtime payments are around 25% to 50% above the normal hourly payments.
905:
936:
3360:
debate with many male CEO's strongly supporting 70-hour workweeks to boost productivity and cover losses due to the Corona
Pandemic. A 70-hour workweek translates to working approximately 12 hours a day, for six days a week, a phenomenon unofficially occurring in the IT industry. Women in all workplaces are at risk of overwork despite the existence of work laws. Many women already worked much more than 70 hours a week - at both the office and their homes.
43:
204:
3453:, with the state media reporting in 2014 that 600,000 people were dying suddenly annually, some of them were dying from overwork. Despite this, work hours have reportedly been falling for about three decades due to rising productivity, better labor laws, and the spread of the two-day weekend. The trend has affected both factories and white-collar companies that have been responding to growing demands for easier work schedules.
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3947:
generally called "exempt" positions, because they are exempt from federal and state laws that mandate extra pay for extra time worked. The rules are complex, but generally exempt workers are executives, professionals, or sales staff. For example, school teachers are not paid extra for working extra hours. Business owners and independent contractors are considered self-employed, and none of these laws apply to them.
3660:, believed that standard working hours may not lower work time but increase unemployment. He used Japan as an example to illustrate that the implementation of standard working hours lowered productivity per head and demotivated the economy. He also said that even if the standard working hours can shorten employees' weekly working hours, they may need to work for more years to earn sufficient amount of money for
3460:, as it is known, is where employees work from 09:00 to 21:00, six days a week, excluding two hours of lunch & nap during the noon and one hour of supper in the evening. Alibaba founder Jack (Yun) Ma, and JD.Com founder Richard (Qiangdong) Liu both praise the 996 schedule, saying such a schedule has helped Chinese tech giants like Alibaba and Tencent grow to become what they are today.
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3571:(DAB), believed that standard working hours were a labor policy and was not related to family-friendly policies. The Vice President of Young DAB, Wai-hung Chan, stated that standard working hours would bring limitations to small and medium enterprises. He thought that the government should discuss the topic with the public more before legislating standard working hours.
3481:
different sectors, and (3) estimation of the possible impact of introducing standard working hour in Hong Kong. Under the selected parameters, from most loosen to most stringent, the estimated increase in labour cost vary from 1.1 billion to 55 billion HKD, and affect 957,100 (36.7% of total employees) to 2,378,900 (91.1% of total) employees.
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3642:, has noted that professions such as nursing and accountancy have long working hours and that this may affect people's social life. He believes that standard working hours could help to give Hong Kong more family-friendly workplaces and to increase fertility rates. Randy Chiu, Professor of the Department of Management of
3723:(which have an opt-out, meaning that employees in Malta may work longer than 48 hours if they wish, but they cannot be forced to do so). A major reason for the lower annual hours worked in Europe is a relatively high amount of paid annual leave. Fixed employment comes with four to six weeks of holiday as standard.
3774:
the discretion of the employer (as of July 2024, the work-week is 46 hours). Also, the law notes that workdays should be divided into 2 sections to allow a break, usually given as the meal time which is not counted as work. Typically, there is a 2-hours break for lunch that starts from 12:00 through 13:00.
3833:
In
Australia, between 1974 and 1997 no marked change took place in the average amount of time spent at work by Australians of "prime working age" (that is, between 25 and 54 years of age). Throughout this period, the average time spent at work by prime working-age Australians (including those who did
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period most workers had two jobs to be able to sustain their families. Following this tradition, in small and medium-sized cities, restaurants and businesses shut down during this time period of 2-5 for retail and 4-8 for restaurants. Many office jobs only allow one hour or even a half hour breaks to
3800:
Working hours are regulated by law. Mandatory logging of employee working time has been in place since 2019 in an attempt by legislators to eliminate unpaid overtime and push for more transparency of actual working hours. Non-regulated pauses during the workday for coffee or smoking are not permitted
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approved a bill for the reduction of the work-week, from 48 to 42 hours, which will be implemented in several stages, from 2023 to 2026. In accordance with it, articles 161 to 167 of the
Substantive Work Code in Colombia provide for a maximum of 42 hours of work a week, distributed in 5 or 6 days, at
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recently stated, “Somehow our youth have the habit of taking not-so-desirable habits from the West. My request is that our youngsters must say – ‘This is my country. I want to work 70 hours a week’. This is exactly what the
Germans and Japanese did after the Second World War”. This sparked a national
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estimated that globally in 2016 one in ten workers were exposed to working 55 or more hours per week and 745,000 persons died as a result of having a heart disease event or a stroke attributable to having worked these long hours, making exposure to long working hours the occupational risk factor with
3902:
report issued May 2002, "In 1950, the overall participation rate of women was 34 percent. ... The rate rose to 38 percent in 1960, 43 percent in 1970, 52 percent in 1980, and 58 percent in 1990 and reached 60 percent by 2000. The overall labor force participation rate of women is projected to attain
3853:
In 2016, the average man employed full-time worked 8.4 hours per work day, and the average woman employed full-time worked 7.8 hours per work day. There is no mandatory minimum amount of paid time off for sickness or holiday but the majority of full-time civilian workers have access to paid vacation
3629:
has already received the government report on working hours in June, and the Labour
Advisory Board and the LegCo's Manpower Panel will receive the report in late November and December respectively. On 26 November 2012, the Labour Department released the report, and the report covered the regimes and
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Most countries in the developed world have seen average hours worked decrease significantly. For example, in the U.S in the late 19th century it was estimated that the average work week was over 60 hours per week. Today the average hours worked in the U.S. is around 33, with the average man employed
3837:
In 2009, a rapid increase in the number of working hours was reported in a study by The
Australia Institute. The study found the average Australian worked 1855 hours per year at work. According to Clive Hamilton of The Australia Institute, this surpasses even Japan. The Australia Institute believes
3702:
has an 8-hour normal work day (9 hours including lunchtime), a 45-hour normal working week, and a maximum 48-hour work week. If the employee works no more than five days a week, the employee's normal working day is 9 hours and the working week is 44 hours. Also, if the number of hours worked by the
3480:
On 26 November 2012, the Labour
Department of the HKSAR released the "Report of the policy study on standard working hours". The report covers three major areas, including: (1) the regimes and experience of other places in regulating working hours, (2) latest working time situations of employees in
812:
per week. Working time may vary from person to person, often depending on economic conditions, location, culture, lifestyle choice, and the profitability of the individual's livelihood. For example, someone who is supporting children and paying a large mortgage might need to work more hours to meet
4556:
In all, the adults of the Dobe camp worked about two and a half days a week. Because the average working day was about six hours long, the fact emerges that !Kung
Bushmen of Dobe, despite their harsh environment, devote from twelve to nineteen hours a week to getting food. Even the hardest working
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time, which introduced the mandatory forty-hour, five-day working week in 2004 for companies with over 1,000 employees. Beyond regular working hours, it is legal to demand up to 12 hours of overtime during the week, plus another 16 hours on weekends. The 40-hour workweek expanded to companies with
3922:
Many professional workers put in longer hours than the forty-hour standard. In professional industries like investment banking and large law firms, a forty-hour workweek is considered inadequate and may result in job loss or failure to be promoted. Medical residents in the United States routinely
3844:
The majority of full-time employees in Australia work additional overtime hours. A 2015 survey found that of Australia's 7.7 million full-time workers, 5 million put in more than 40 hours a week, including 1.4 million who worked more than 50 hours a week and 270,000 who put in more
3520:
According to a study conducted jointly by the Business, Economic and Public Affairs Research Centre and Enterprise and Social Development Research Centre of Hong Kong Shue Yan University, 16% surveyed companies believe that a standard working hours policy can be considered, and 55% surveyed think
3516:
believes that it is so difficult to implement standard working hours that apply "across-the-board", specifically, to accountants and barristers. In addition, he believes that standard working hours may decrease individual employees' working hours and would not increase their actual income. It may
3425:
are decreasing, but many Japanese still work long hours. Recently, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) issued a draft report recommending major changes to the regulations that govern working hours. The centerpiece of the proposal is an exemption from overtime pay for white-collar
3946:
Under most circumstances, wage earners and lower-level employees may be legally required by an employer to work more than forty hours in a week; however, they are paid extra for the additional work. Many salaried workers and commission-paid sales staff are not covered by overtime laws. These are
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have argued that reduced work hours would increase consumption and invigorate the economy. However, other articles state that consumption would decrease, which could reduce the environmental impact. Other arguments for the four-day week include improvements to workers' level of education (due to
3885:
In terms of manpower, our present defense targets will require an increase of nearly one million men and women in the armed forces within a few months, and probably not less than four million more in defense production by the end of the year. This means that an additional 8 percent of our labor
3872:
had inaugurated the 40-hour work week for all federal employees. Beginning in 1950, under the Truman Administration, the United States became the first known industrialized nation to explicitly (albeit secretly) and permanently forswear a reduction of working time. Given the military-industrial
3492:
Hong Kong Catholic Commission For Labour Affairs urges the government to legislate the standard working hours in Hong Kong, and suggests a 44 hours standard, 54 hours maximum working hours in a week. The organization thinks that long working time adversely affects the family and social life and
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of northern Brazil. These studies expanded the definition of work beyond purely hunting-gathering activities, but the overall average across the hunter-gatherer societies he studied was still below 4.86 hours, while the maximum was below 8 hours. Popular perception is still aligned with the old
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band worked ceaselessly in an unremitting search for sustenance. Such a dramatic picture might appear confirmed by an erroneous theory almost everyone recalls from schooldays: A high culture emerges only when the people have the leisure to build pyramids or to create art. The fact is that high
3731:
France experimented in 2000 with a sharp cut of legal or statutory working time of the employees in the private and public sector from 39 hours a week to 35 hours a week, with the stated goal to fight against rampant unemployment at that time. The Law 2000–37 on working time reduction is also
3740:
The maximum working week in the United Kingdom is 48 hours a week on average, which is typically averaged over 17 weeks. Workers have the choice of opting out of the 48-maximum week. There also exceptions to the maximum working week including – but not limited to – being in the armed forces,
3906:
Between 1950 and 2007 official price inflation was measured to 861 percent. President Truman, in his 1951 message to Congress, predicted correctly that his military buildup "will cause intense and mounting inflationary pressures." Using the data provided by the United States Bureau of Labor
3610:, Jeffery Lam, believes that standard working hours would adversely affect productivity, tense the employer-employee relationship, and increase the pressure faced by businesses who suffer from inadequate workers. He does not support the regulation on working hours at its current situation.
3886:
force, and possibly much more, will be required by direct defense needs by the end of the year. These manpower needs will call both for increasing our labor force by reducing unemployment and drawing in women and older workers, and for lengthening hours of work in essential industries.
3544:
proposed the motion "That is the Council urges the Government to introduce a bill on the regulation of working hours within this legislative session, the contents of which must include the number of standard weekly hours and overtime pay". As the motion was not passed by both
3393:
300 employees or more in 2005, 100 employees or more in 2006, 50 or more in 2007, 20 or more in 2008 and a full inclusion to all workers nationwide in July 2011. The government has continuously increased public holidays to 16 days in 2013, more than the 10 days of the
983:, there was a financial incentive for a company to maximize the return on expensive machinery by having long hours. Records indicate that work schedules as long as twelve to sixteen hours per day, six to seven days per week were practiced in some industrial sites.
4390:"Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury"
821:
with lower housing costs. In developed countries like the United Kingdom, some workers are part-time because they are unable to find full-time work, but many choose reduced work hours to care for children or other family; some choose it simply to increase
3671:, pointed out that "as different employees perform various jobs and under different degrees of pressures, it may not be appropriate to establish standard working hours in Hong Kong"; and he proposed a 50-hour maximum work week to protect workers' health.
1251:
during these hours to take orders from the bosses, hence the relationship between this phrase and subordination. Workplace hours have become more flexible, but the phrase is still commonly used even in situations where the term does not apply literally.
3907:
Statistics, Erik Rauch has estimated productivity to have increased by nearly 400%. According to Rauch, "if productivity means anything at all, a worker should be able to earn the same standard of living as a 1950 worker in only 11 hours per week."
3986:
Lunch breaks are one hour and are not usually counted as work. A typical work schedule is 8:00 or 9:00–12:00, 13:00–18:00. In larger cities, workers eat lunch on or near their work site, while some workers in smaller cities may go home for lunch.
1090:
has recommended moving to a 21-hour standard work week to address problems with unemployment, high carbon emissions, low well-being, entrenched inequalities, overworking, family care, and the general lack of free time. Bill Schaninger writing for
3910:
In the United States, the working time for upper-income professionals has increased compared to 1965, while total annual working time for low-skill, low-income workers has decreased. This effect is sometimes called the "leisure gap".
3956:, or 1.5 times the worker's base wage, for each hour of work past forty. California also applies this rule to work in excess of eight hours per day, but exemptions and exceptions significantly limit the applicability of this law.
1040:
Economic growth in monetary terms tends to be concentrated in health care, education, government, criminal justice, corrections, and other activities rather than those that contribute directly to the production of material goods.
3782:
The main labor law in Spain, the Workers' Statute Act, limits the amount of working time that an employee is obliged to perform. In the Article 34 of this law, a maximum of 9 hours per day and 40 hours per week are established.
3364:, a 26-year old a young Chartered Accountant (CA) from Kerala, had started working in the E&Y Pune office on 18th March 2024, but her premature death within 4 months on 20th July 2024 due to stress caused by overwork,
3877:(NSC-68) proposed the US government undertake a massive permanent national economic expansion that would let it "siphon off" a part of the economic activity produced to support an ongoing military buildup to contain the
3897:
As President Truman's 1951 message had predicted, the share of working women rose from 30 percent of the labor force in 1950 to 47 percent by 2000 – growing at a particularly rapid rate during the 1970s. According to a
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3942:
payment schemes. Wage earners are compensated on a per-hour basis, whereas salaried workers are compensated on a per-week or per-job basis, and commission workers get paid according to how much they produce or sell.
3468:
Hong Kong has no legislation regarding maximum and normal working hours. The average weekly working hours of full-time employees in Hong Kong is 49 hours. According to the Price and Earnings Report 2012 conducted by
3560:
suggested a standard 44-hour work week with overtime pay of 1.5 times the usual pay. It believes the regulation of standard working hour can prevent the employers to force employees to work (overtime) without pay.
3761: (OECD). Indeed, private sector employees often work overtime without receiving overtime compensation. Fear of unemployment and threats by employers explain in part why the 48-hour work week is disregarded.
3585:
believed regulating working hours could help achieve a work–life balance. It suggests an 8-hour work day, a 44-hour standard work week, a 60-hour maximum work week and an overtime pay of 1.5 times the usual pay.
3982:
has a 44-hour work week, normally 8 hours per day and 4 hours on Saturday or 8.8 hours per day. Jobs with no meal breaks or on-duty meal breaks are 6 hours per day. Public servants work 40 hours per week.
3354:
has, in theory, offered protection to labour rights. However, the average office worker, women and the IT sector are unofficially forced to work overtime without overtime pay. The software billionaire CEO
3790:, which stipulates that different regulations and laws regarding employee work week and wage apply based on the type of job. Overall they rank as the 13th highest in regard to international GDP growth.
1099:, have argued that a 15-hour work week is reachable by 2030 and British sociologist Peter Fleming has proposed a three-day work-week. Actual work week lengths have been falling in the developed world.
7077:
3596:
thought that it is possible to set work hour limit for all industries; and the regulation on working hours can ensure the overtime payment by employers to employees, and protect employees' health.
7139:
Lee, Sangheon, Deirdre McCann and Jon C. Messenger, (2007), "Working Time Around the World'. Trends in working hours, laws and policies in a global comparative perspective". London: ILO/Routledge.
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In 2018, Taiwan had the world's 4th longest work hour and 2nd in Asia, with the average number of work hours hit 2,033 hours. There had been reduction in the work hours by 122 from 2008 to 2018.
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Over the 20th century, work hours shortened by almost half, partly due to rising wages brought about by renewed economic growth and competition for skilled workers, with a supporting role from
3903:
its highest level in 2010, at 62 percent." The inclusion of women in the work force can be seen as symbolic of social progress as well as of increasing American productivity and hours worked.
3967:
for companies to limit working time, but makes these additional hours more desirable for the worker. It is not uncommon for overtime hours to be accepted voluntarily by wage-earning workers.
4257:
1033:, permitting standards of living to rise as hours decline. In developed economies, as the time needed to manufacture goods has declined, more working hours have become available to provide
5265:
3493:
health of employees; it also indicates that the current Employment Ordinance does not regulate overtime pays, working time limits nor rest day pays, which can protect employees rights.
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3963:, or twice the base rate, for each hour of work past 60, or each hour of work past 12 in one day in California, also subject to numerous exemptions and exceptions. This provides an
3813:
However, one of the interesting aspects of the Spanish work day and labor is the traditional presence of a break around lunchtime. It is sometimes mistakenly thought to be due to
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3528:
and weaken competitiveness of businesses. He believes that the government can encourage employers to pay overtime salary, and there is no need to regulate standard working hours.
3817:, but in fact was due to workers returning to their families for the main midday meal. That break, typically of 1 or 2 hours, has been kept in the working culture because in the
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A majority of adults emphasize the lack of a siesta during the typical work week. Only one in ten Spaniards take a mid-day nap, a percentage less than other European nations.
1007:
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in 2000. In 1995, China adopted a 40-hour week, eliminating half-day work on Saturdays (though this is not widely practiced). Working hours in industrializing economies like
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having extra time to take classes and courses) and improvements to workers' health (less work-related stress and extra time for exercise). Reduced hours also save money on
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full-time for 8.4 hours per work day, and the average woman employed full-time for 7.9 hours per work day. The front runners for lowest average weekly work hours are the
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3524:
Employer representative in the Labour Advisory Board, Stanley Lau, said that standard working hours will completely alter the business environment of Hong Kong, affect
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was estimated to work two-and-a-half days per week, at around 6 hours a day. Aggregated comparisons show that on average the working day was less than five hours.
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Employees typically receive either 12 or 14 payments per year, with approximately 21 days of vacation. According to Spanish law, Spain holds what is known as the
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suggested a 44-hour standard work week and compulsory overtime pay to help achieve the balance between work, rest and entertainment of people in Hong Kong.
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5962:
Lee, S.K. et al. 2012. Standard Working Hours or Flexible Working Hours – Policy alternatives to facilitate Work–Life Balance, Hong Kong: Ovis Press.
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Mexican laws mandate a maximum of 48 hours of work per week, but they are rarely observed or enforced due to loopholes in the law, the volatility of
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The structure of the work week varies considerably for different professions and cultures. Among salaried workers in the western world, the work
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civilization is hectic, and that primitive hunters and collectors of wild food, like the Shoshone, are among the most leisured people on earth.
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individual in the camp, a man named =oma who went out hunting on sixteen of the 28 days, spent a maximum of 32 hours a week in the food quest.
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suggests "to actively study setting weekly standard working hours at 44 hours to align with family-friendly policies" in LegCo Election 2012.
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refers to the maximum working hours of an employee. The employee cannot work more than the level specified in the maximum working hours law.
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Fagan, Colette, Ariane Hegewisch and Jane Pillinger, (2006), "Out of Time: why Britain needs a new approach to working time flexibility",
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made it possible for a larger segment of the population to work year-round, because this labor was not tied to the season and artificial
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Better Life Index, 4% of Spanish workers work more than 50 hours per week, compared to an average of 11% of workers in OECD countries.
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4961:"Gapminder World" graph of working hours per week plotted against purchasing power- and inflation-adjusted GDP per capita over time
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3401:'s 8 days. Despite those efforts, South Korea's work hours are still relatively long, with an average 1,874 hours per year in 2023
4388:
Pega, Frank; Nafradi, Balint; Momen, Natalie; Ujita, Yuka; Streicher, Kai; Prüss-Üstün, Annette; Technical Advisory Group (2021).
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Various sectors of the community show concerns about the standard working hours in Hong Kong. The points are summarized as below:
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often treat overtime as a desirable commodity when negotiating how these opportunities shall be partitioned among union members.
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The following list is the average annual hours worked by participants in the labor force of the OECD member states. As of 2022,
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The average working time of married couples – of both spouses taken together – rose from 56 hours in 1969 to 67 hours in 2000.
3687:
Since 1 September 2022, the weekly work hour in Malaysia was reduced from 48 hours to 45 hours after it was promulgated in the
437:
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Contensou, François and Radu Vranceanu, (2000), "Working Time. Theory and Policy Implications", Edward Elgar, Cheltelham, UK,
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Tradition and economic progress in Samoa: A case study of the role of traditional social institutions in economic development
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Man's Rise to Civilization As Shown by the Indians of North America from Primeval Times to the Coming of the Industrial State
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4205:"A New Index of Perceived Job Quality in 116 Countries: Associations with Working Hours and Other National Characteristics"
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costs and transportation, which in turn helps the environment with less carbon-related emissions. These benefits increase
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Workweek policies are not uniform in the U.S. Many compensation arrangements are legal, and three of the most common are
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McCarthy, Eugene J. and William McGaughey, (1989), "Nonfinancial Economics: The Case for Shorter Hours of Work", Praeger
7068:
6691:"Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted"
1048:
was the first country in the industrialized world where the overall average working week dropped to less than 30 hours.
6086:
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7007:
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4908:
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4189:
852:
347:
126:
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86:
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7117:
6612:
6108:"No-vacation nation USA – a comparison of leave and holiday in OECD countries – Page 2, Paragraph 1 – Introduction"
5896:
5541:
4877:
3990:
A 30-day vacation is mandated by law. Holidays vary by municipality with approximately 13 to 15 holidays per year.
3869:
3537:
3361:
1215:. Negatively used, it connotes a tedious or unremarkable occupation. The phrase also indicates that a person is an
609:
481:
332:
7092:"Take it or leave it: flexible working-time arrangements and the synchronization of business cycle and life cycle"
6766:"The Theory of the Leisure Class: An economic mystery: Why do the poor seem to have more free time than the rich?"
9101:
8181:
7014:(...) findings generally agree on an average of about 28-30 hours work per week for an adult male village worker.
5908:
5858:
761:
684:
6426:
5672:
5485:
5291:"After EY Pune CA Death, MNC Employee's X Post On Working 17 To 18 Hours, Attending 5 AM Meeting Draws Reaction"
3477:, of the Special Administrative Region pledged that the government will standardize working hours in Hong Kong.
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8198:
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7417:
5420:
5047:
4271:
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3626:
382:
377:
64:
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3384:, which is the result of the government's proactive move to lower working hours at all levels and to increase
93:
8962:
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8266:
7819:
5176:
3742:
1192:
set aside as a time of personal work and leisure. Sunday is set aside in the western world because it is the
669:
60:
17:
5521:
3372:
in India. Since the pandemic began, various Indian CEOs have repeatedly advocated this toxic work culture.
9043:
8216:
7272:
7091:
6470:
4579:
3575:
644:
7036:
Bunting, Madeleine, (2004), "Willing Slaves: How the Overwork Culture is Ruling Our Lives", HarperCollins.
998:
legislation. The workweek, in most of the industrialized world, dropped steadily, to about 40 hours after
9157:
9028:
8241:
5502:
4004:
3924:
3550:
3525:
144:
75:
6516:"The spectre of overwork: An analysis of trends between 1974 and 1997 using Australian time-use diaries"
5986:
5772:
4639:
4326:
3664:, i.e. delay their retirement age. The total working time over the course of a lifetime may not change.
8957:
8839:
8315:
7772:
7464:
7372:
5948:
5784:
4303:
3899:
3891:
1160:
864:
Since the 1960s, the consensus among anthropologists, historians, and sociologists has been that early
718:
654:
5455:
793:
such as personal housework or caring for children or pets is not considered part of the working week.
9121:
9116:
8937:
8611:
8522:
8401:
7103:
6248:
4095:
4085:
3667:
In 2012, Lok-sang Ho, Professor of Economics and Director of the Centre for Public Policy Studies of
3622:
3546:
848:
674:
402:
342:
7206:
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) resources on the UK Working Time Regulations
7172:
6367:
6302:
5874:
5069:
4983:
9126:
9096:
8787:
8589:
8348:
8305:
8271:
7777:
7767:
7449:
7237:
7051:
6471:"La Audiencia Nacional avala descontar del tiempo de trabajo las pausas para fumar o tomar un café"
3618:
3582:
1227:. More neutrally, it connotes a job with stable hours and low career risk, but still a position of
1087:
916:
649:
624:
352:
253:
5398:
5377:
9053:
8932:
8834:
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8584:
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6107:
4615:
4126:
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3389:
1193:
1168:
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892:
academic consensus that hunter-gatherers worked far in excess of modern humans' forty-hour week.
664:
193:
53:
7205:
8907:
8859:
8829:
8666:
8634:
8624:
8441:
8426:
8406:
8288:
8059:
8054:
7334:
6405:
4541:
4531:
4120:
3716:
1148:
1122:
1026:, though still much higher than the leading industrial countries, are also declining steadily.
840:
629:
599:
591:
362:
5266:"Average to poor work life balance: Indian IT sector employees forced to work 50 hours a week"
3540:
members in Hong Kong debated on the motion "legislation for the regulation of working hours".
3409:
9152:
9147:
8849:
8844:
8782:
8727:
8676:
8298:
7834:
7807:
7479:
7407:
7071:
6354:
6289:
5971:
5796:
3502:
1092:
991:
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847:
have increased. In 1900, American workers worked 50% more than their counterparts today. The
659:
619:
604:
327:
233:
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8693:
8646:
8466:
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8236:
8231:
8206:
8146:
7990:
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7550:
7094:(as part of the European Foundation project "Flexibility and Security over the lifecourse")
5626:
4706:
4660:
4497:
4401:
3894:, the average non-farm private sector employee worked 34.5 hours per week as of June 2012.
3770:
1179:
995:
708:
639:
458:
293:
263:
6648:
6316:
5399:"Yearly working hours for S. Koreans fall by 200, but remain far longer than OECD average"
100:
8:
8822:
8817:
8755:
8703:
8421:
8389:
8379:
8261:
8251:
7787:
7782:
7603:
7583:
7504:
7424:
7402:
7382:
7230:
6966:
5560:"China's work ethic stretches beyond '996' as tech companies feel the impact of slowdown"
5111:
4252:
1244:
1034:
754:
634:
288:
6945:
6925:
6743:
6669:
4405:
1203:
are 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday, representing a workweek of five
1095:
has put forward a similar proposal of a 20-hour workweek. Others, such as the historian
8922:
8886:
8750:
8639:
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8492:
8456:
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4424:
4389:
4350:
4105:
3802:
1103:
884:
537:
397:
5126:
4661:"Insee – Travail-Emploi – Soixante ans de réduction du temps de travail dans le monde"
947:
9033:
9013:
8745:
8710:
8542:
8436:
8416:
8335:
8188:
8123:
7802:
7752:
7727:
7687:
7682:
7613:
7459:
7217:
7201:
Explanation of Working Time Limits (48 hour week) in the UK and how the opt-out works
7147:
7122:
7099:
7081:
7058:
7040:
7003:
6970:
6562:
6542:
6065:
5333:
5311:
5244:
5085:"The Ecological Limits of Work: on carbon emissions, carbon budgets and working time"
5043:
4842:
4545:
4451:
4429:
4370:
4226:
4053:
3818:
3754:
3638:
Yip Siu-fai, Professor of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration of
3351:
3346:
728:
679:
614:
557:
367:
223:
7031:
21 Hours. Why a Shorter Working Week Can Help Us All to Flourish in the 21st Century
5833:
4852:
4835:
21 hours: Why a shorter working week can help us all to flourish in the 21st century
9003:
8792:
8760:
8720:
8715:
8512:
8502:
8320:
8151:
8108:
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7935:
7902:
7892:
7742:
7670:
7474:
7412:
7392:
7377:
6719:
6534:
6530:
6342:
4501:
4482:
4419:
4409:
4362:
4216:
3607:
3326:
Average annual hours actually worked per worker in OECD countries from 1970 to 2020
1019:
873:
713:
703:
258:
6855:
6670:"Harry S. Truman: Annual Message to the Congress: The President's Economic Report"
6149:
171:
9063:
8998:
8807:
8777:
8765:
8629:
8527:
8394:
7732:
7499:
7302:
7277:
7267:
7212:
6882:
6690:
5930:
5884:
5843:
5806:
5645:
5312:"Shantanu Deshpande: Bombay Shaving Co CEO criticised for 18-hour workday advice"
5202:"What male CEOs like Narayana Murthy don't get about working women and the youth"
4573:
4511:
4456:
4414:
4115:
4090:
3952:
3719:
imposes a 48-hour maximum working week that applies to every member state except
3541:
3513:
3369:
3356:
865:
733:
547:
505:
427:
213:
6449:"Spain introduces new working hours law requiring employees to clock in and out"
6004:
5024:
1083:
countries, Germany had the lowest average working hours per week at 25.6 hours.
9048:
8797:
8698:
8651:
8353:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8012:
7945:
7702:
7660:
7344:
7312:
6620:"73 percent of all civilian workers had access to paid vacations in March 2016"
6515:
4748:
4000:
3712:
3649:
Lee Shu-Kam, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics and Finance of
3564:
3398:
1204:
1200:
1096:
839:
In advanced economies, working time has declined substantially over time while
814:
809:
747:
572:
567:
552:
515:
337:
183:
6905:
6875:
6789:
5942:
3521:
that it would be difficult to implement standard working hours in businesses.
3322:
9141:
9023:
8942:
8927:
8912:
8683:
8661:
8567:
8451:
8384:
8358:
8293:
8136:
8093:
8088:
7940:
7824:
7722:
7444:
7297:
7282:
6174:
5862:
5694:
5468:
5150:
4489:
4374:
4349:
Kopytov, Alexandr; Roussanov, Nikolai; Taschereau-Dumouchel, Mathieu (2023).
4230:
4073:
3866:
3857:
3589:
3394:
1224:
1139:
1114:
888:
818:
805:
497:
432:
392:
357:
283:
7194:, OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers n° 45, OECD, Paris.
6938:
5855:
5706:
5657:
5354:
3711:
In most European Union countries, working time is gradually decreasing. The
1102:
Factors that have contributed to lowering average work hours and increasing
9058:
9038:
9018:
9008:
8983:
8737:
8572:
8552:
8537:
8507:
8497:
8276:
8131:
8113:
8049:
8027:
7975:
7877:
7867:
7839:
7570:
7560:
7387:
7327:
7167:
6638:
California Assembly Concurrent Resolution 11, Cal. Resolutions 1946, Ch. 19
4568:
4493:
4433:
4221:
4204:
4110:
4100:
4048:
4011:
3878:
3688:
3474:
3365:
1240:
1220:
1062:
1057:
1030:
999:
987:
877:
801:
577:
542:
525:
422:
407:
372:
322:
317:
309:
243:
7134:
7126:
5658:
Oxfam Hong Kong releases survey on Minimum Wage and Standard Working Hours
4351:"Cheap Thrills: The Price of Leisure and the Global Decline in Work Hours"
3838:
that Australians work the highest number of hours in the developed world.
8671:
8594:
8562:
8022:
7970:
7588:
7545:
7520:
7489:
7484:
7439:
7364:
7354:
7339:
7292:
7130:
6346:
4724:
4331:
4298:
3968:
3600:
1228:
1072:
1045:
1023:
790:
786:
451:
278:
248:
228:
5761:
working hours could derail Hong Kong's economy, warns government adviser
4682:"Evolution de la durée du travail en France et dans le monde – Direccte"
3449:
Traditionally, Chinese have worked long hours, and this has led to many
935:
904:
8881:
8688:
8601:
8579:
8547:
8446:
8431:
8411:
8176:
8141:
8103:
8017:
7980:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7872:
7829:
7814:
7792:
7717:
7555:
7535:
7454:
7322:
7317:
7287:
7253:
6918:
6427:"Why Spanish employees may have to start clocking in and out once more"
4477:
3881:. In his 1951 Annual Message to the Congress, President Truman stated:
3822:
eat the meal in office building restaurants or designated lunch rooms.
3661:
3517:
also lead to an increase of number of part-timers in the labor market.
1269:
1212:
980:
869:
844:
723:
417:
412:
6087:"Working time limits (the 48-hour week) : Directgov – Employment"
4079:
4014:
work two-and-a-half days per week, rarely more than six hours per day.
3787:
3757:, and its underdevelopment relative to other members countries of the
3450:
3446:
China adopted a 40-hour week, eliminating half-day work on Saturdays.
3428:
9068:
8988:
8802:
8487:
7846:
7747:
7707:
7677:
7598:
7434:
7397:
3964:
3699:
1129:
940:
797:
532:
273:
268:
31:
7142:
McCann, Deirdre, (2005), "Working Time Laws: A global perspective",
6862:
4878:"Cut the working week to a maximum of 20 hours, urge top economists"
4348:
42:
8902:
7965:
7955:
7887:
7882:
7851:
7697:
7652:
7530:
7525:
7429:
7307:
6606:"The 38-hour week a rarity among full-time workers, new data shows"
4743:
4741:
4366:
3861:
Average annual hours worked by persons engaged in the United States
1261:
1216:
1189:
1164:
1144:
1118:
975:, and working time during the year increased significantly. Before
968:
964:
387:
27:
Period of time that an individual spends at paid occupational labor
5245:"NR Narayana Murthy: Why Indians are debating a 70-hour work week"
3741:
emergency services or police. This was established in 1998 by the
3656:
Francis Lui, Head and Professor of the Department of Economics of
3501:
Generally, business sector agrees that it is important to achieve
1134:
Dropping fertility rates leading to fewer children needing support
203:
8532:
8482:
8221:
8171:
7960:
7665:
7349:
7197:
Hart, Bob 'Working time and employment' Routledge Revivals, 2010.
6381:
5600:"China's JD.com Boss Criticises 'Slackers' as Company Makes Cuts"
5220:"India debate on 70-hour workweek: Illegal or road to greatness?"
3414:
3385:
1277:
1276:
ranked the highest In EU with 1886 average hours per year, while
1207:
comprising 40 hours in total. These are the origin of the phrase
1172:
1037:, resulting in a shift of much of the workforce between sectors.
1014:. The decline continued at a faster pace in Europe: for example,
972:
823:
562:
7057:
de Graaf, John, (2003), "Take Back Your Time", Berrett-Koehler,
4738:
4182:"Employment by sex and weekly hours actually worked (thousands)"
3569:
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong
8656:
8004:
7648:
7173:"Work until you drop: how the long-hours culture is killing us"
6840:
5818:
5787:
Legislative Council Commission, HKSARG, retrieved on 2012-12-10
5775:
Legislative Council Commission, HKSARG, retrieved on 2012-12-10
3979:
3814:
1285:
1280:
ranked the lowest with 1340 average hours worked respectively.
1273:
1265:
1248:
1076:
1015:
952:
510:
7090:
Klamer, Ute, Ton Wilthagen, Heejung Chung, Anke Thiel, (2008)
4604:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
4033:
1008:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
164:
Percentage of workforce working for at least 49 hours per week
8517:
7222:
6269:
Ginès i Fabrellas, Anna; Luque Parra, Manuel (January 2016).
4628:
ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/lpr/histmfgsic.zip
4018:
3873:
requirements of the Cold War, the authors of the then secret
3720:
3650:
3422:
1281:
520:
7097:
Lebergott, Stanley, (2002), "Wages and Working Conditions",
6563:"PM – Australians work longest hours in the developed world"
6268:
4832:
Coote, Anna; Franklin, Jane; Simms, Andrew (February 2010).
1243:
as part of the 40 hours and others not. In many traditional
1002:. The limitation of working hours is also proclaimed by the
8557:
8000:
4936:"It's time to put the 15-hour work week back on the agenda"
3801:
to be documented as working time, according to a ruling by
3794:
3643:
3381:
3380:
South Korea has the fastest shortening working time in the
1185:
1080:
782:
4580:
Pre-industrial workers had a shorter workweek than today's
971:
and farm laborers moved from rural areas to work in urban
7540:
7050:
Chung, Heejung, Marcel Kerkhofs and Peter Ester, (2008),
6125:"La durée individuelle du travail - Ministère du Travail"
4909:"Re:think: The 20-hour workweek - McKinsey & Company"
3639:
3470:
3368:, exhaustion and fatigue has re-ignited the debate about
868:
societies enjoyed more leisure time than is permitted by
5865:
Civic Party LegCo Election 2012, retrieved on 2012-11-12
1188:
often consists of Monday to Friday or Saturday with the
3496:
1211:, used to describe a conventional and possibly tedious
8227:
List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents
6792:. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
6720:"A century of change: the U.S. labor force, 1950–2050"
3759:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
6262:
6029:[45 Hours Weekly Work Starting 1 September].
4640:"Working time in the European Union: the Netherlands"
4387:
4247:"More and more workers join the part-time revolution"
4059:
Hours of Work (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1930
7218:
OECD Average annual hours actually worked per worker
6224:"Colombia: working week lowered from 48 to 42 hours"
5627:
Report of the Policy Study on Standard Working Hours
5522:"China's young warm to the West's work–life balance"
5446:– Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2012-11-12
4029:
1272:
ranked the highest number of hours worked per year.
1128:
More women participating in the workforce and fewer
6763:
6200:"The Countries Where People Work the Longest Hours"
5987:
Business / Opinion Setting maximum work hours first
4133:
Weekly Rest (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1957
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6714:
6712:
5709:Labour Department, HKSARG, retrieved on 2012-12-10
5629:Labour Department, HKSARG, retrieved on 2012-12-10
5520:
4481:
4294:"Hoeryong Concentration Camp Holds 50,000 Inmates"
4245:
4007:think it is bad luck to work two consecutive days.
1255:
7029:Anna Coote, Jane Franklin, Andrew Simms. (2010),
6900:
6898:
6066:"Average annual hours actually worked per worker"
5749:Investigate choices beyond standard working hours
5418:
5334:"Average annual hours actually worked per worker"
5127:"Average annual hours actually worked per worker"
3841:The 38 hour working week was introduced in 1983.
3594:Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions
1292:Average labor hours per worker in OECD countries
1239:hours in practice due to some employers counting
951:1906 – strike for the 8 working hours per day in
9139:
7052:"Working Time Flexibility in European Companies"
5751:Shu-kam Lee, Cho-yiu Ng, retrieved on 2012-11-30
5469:"The young Japanese working themselves to death"
4069:Hours of Work and Manning (Sea) Convention, 1936
1247:positions, employees were required to be in the
1029:Technology has also continued to improve worker
150:Average annual working hours per employed person
7188:Evans, J., D. Lippoldt and P. Marianna (2001),
6709:
6683:
6052:Hours of Work & Time – Ministry of Manpower
6005:"Taiwan has 4th longest working hours in world"
4996:
4143:List of countries by average annual labor hours
1066:Weekly working hours in US manufacturing (blue)
6895:
6863:"What do the terms exempt and nonexempt mean?"
6057:
3658:Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
1288:ranked lowest amongst non-European countries.
7238:
7078:Free Time : The Forgotten American Dream
6964:
6514:Bittman, Michael; Rice, James Mahmud (2002).
5574:"Jack Ma defends China's 996 tech work ethic"
5542:"China's Grueling Formula for Success: 9-9-6"
5022:
1219:, usually in a large company, rather than an
883:Subsequent studies in the 1970s examined the
755:
6175:"Understanding the Working Time Regulations"
5622:
5620:
3808:
6584:"Australia's industrial relations timeline"
6513:
5688:Standard work hours still years away: Tsang
5668:
5666:
4709:. Economic History Association. 2010-02-01.
4684:. Lorraine.direccte.gouv.fr. Archived from
4510:Most people assume that the members of the
4447:
4445:
4443:
4355:Journal of Political Economy Macroeconomics
7245:
7231:
6883:"elaws – Fair Labor Standards Act Advisor"
6697:. United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
6002:
5897:LegCo rejects standard work hours proposal
3959:In some states, firms are required to pay
967:made it possible to work longer each day.
800:by law, such as stipulating minimum daily
762:
748:
8969:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
7191:Trends in Working Hours in OECD Countries
7098:
6027:"Kerja 45 jam seminggu kuat kuasa 1 Sept"
5617:
5151:"Who works the longest hours? - BBC News"
4976:"Business: On the Way to a Four-Day Week"
4953:
4562:
4472:
4470:
4423:
4413:
4220:
4202:
4064:Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, 1919
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
8813:Job losses caused by the Great Recession
7495:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates
6946:"Exceptions to the general overtime law"
6493:"Spanish stereotypes: They love siestas"
6473:(in Spanish). El Mundo. 11 February 2020
5773:Council Meeting (Agenda) 17 October 2012
5663:
5660:Oxfam Hong Kong, Retrieved on 2012-12-10
5500:
5177:"Who works the longest hours in Europe?"
4999:"Study finds four-day work week optimal"
4870:
4440:
3856:
3408:
3321:
1159:"9-5" redirects here. For the song, see
1061:
946:
934:
170:
8994:Credentialism and educational inflation
6271:"WORKING TIME AND FLEXIBILITY IN SPAIN"
6249:"Jornada de trabajo máxima en Colombia"
6003:Everington, Keoni (27 September 2019).
5562:. South China Morning Post. 2019-01-29.
5174:
5025:"Working Less for a Sustainable Future"
4893:"Save the world with a 3-day work week"
4533:Man in Adaptation: the cultural present
4138:Weekly Rest (Industry) Convention, 1921
14:
9140:
8865:List of countries by unemployment rate
6603:
5965:
5956:
5707:Policy Study on Standard Working Hours
5037:
4906:
4467:
3487:
1079:with 30 hours. In a 2011 report of 26
7226:
6054:– Government of Singapore, 2012-05-04
5822:民主黨2011/12施政報告建議書 捍衛核心價值 縮窄貧富懸殊 | 民主黨
4825:
4592:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4526:
4285:
4243:
3510:Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce
1154:
1004:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7763:Practice-based professional learning
6995:
6764:Steven E. Landsburg (9 March 2007).
5548:– via The Wall Street Journal.
5539:
5175:Stewart, Heather (8 December 2011).
5082:
5040:Sharing the Work, Sparing the Planet
4933:
4841:. London: New Economics Foundation.
4721:"United States Average Weekly Hours"
4476:
4344:
4342:
4291:
4203:Joshanloo, Mohsen (September 2023).
3925:long hours as part of their training
3558:Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
3531:
3497:Businesses and related organizations
1111:Technological advances in efficiency
899:
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
8311:Workers' right to access the toilet
6926:"Exemptions from the overtime laws"
5734:Chamber chief suggests labor import
5378:"[시사이슈 찬반토론] 대체휴일제 부활 옳을까요"
4885:
4812:"Countries where people work least"
4292:Kang, Chol-hwan (5 December 2002).
3875:National Security Council Report 68
3317:
1051:
438:Workers' right to access the toilet
24:
7023:
6809:
6317:"Guide to Employment law in Spain"
5199:
4934:Veal, Anthony (24 December 2018).
4891:Schachter, H. (February 10, 2012)
4749:"American Time Use Survey Summary"
4699:
4457:Time and work in England 1750–1830
4327:"Setting maximum work hours first"
4324:
859:
25:
9169:
7160:
7113:Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
6604:Martin, Peter (29 October 2015).
5421:"The 100 hour work week in Japan"
5001:. Heraldextra.com. Archived from
4339:
4325:Ho, Lok Sang (20 November 2012).
4264:
4190:International Labour Organization
4164:"Annual working hours per worker"
3917:
3735:
3435:
853:International Labour Organization
9082:
9081:
8375:Corporate collapses and scandals
7118:Library of Economics and Liberty
6989:
6958:
6825:
6803:
6782:
6736:
6725:. Monthly Labor Review. May 2002
6662:
6641:
6632:
6597:
6576:
6555:
6507:
6485:
6463:
6441:
6419:
6398:
6374:
6334:
6309:
6063:
5529:from the original on 2022-12-10.
5501:Phillips, Tom (6 October 2015).
5419:Justine Underhill (2015-08-20).
5331:
5124:
4260:from the original on 2022-01-12.
4032:
3848:
903:
333:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
202:
157:
143:
41:
6744:"Productivity and the Workweek"
6241:
6216:
6192:
6167:
6142:
6117:
6100:
6079:
6045:
6019:
5996:
5980:
5936:
5914:
5902:
5890:
5868:
5849:
5827:
5812:
5790:
5778:
5766:
5754:
5739:
5727:
5712:
5700:
5681:
5651:
5632:
5592:
5566:
5552:
5533:
5513:
5494:
5479:
5461:
5449:
5437:
5412:
5391:
5370:
5347:
5325:
5304:
5283:
5258:
5237:
5212:
5193:
5168:
5143:
5118:
5104:
5076:
5031:
5016:
4990:
4968:
4927:
4900:
4804:
4783:
4762:
4713:
4707:"Hours of Work in U.S. History"
4674:
4653:
4632:
4621:
4609:
4597:
4585:
4520:
3432:, meaning death from overwork.
1256:Average annual hours per worker
810:maximum number of working hours
52:needs additional citations for
8875:Employment-to-population ratio
8247:Occupational health psychology
7252:
7104:"Wages and Working Conditions"
6649:"NSC-68, Beginning Section VI"
6535:10.1080/10301763.2002.10722021
6150:"Maximum weekly working hours"
5208:– via indianexpress.com.
4997:Janice Peterson (2008-06-09).
4381:
4318:
4237:
4196:
4174:
4156:
3375:
383:Occupational safety and health
378:Occupational safety and health
13:
1:
8963:Works Progress Administration
8855:Unemployment Convention, 1919
8267:Personal protective equipment
7820:Occupational Outlook Handbook
7183:21 hours: a new working week?
6833:"The State Bar of California"
6790:"Working in the 21st Century"
5856:Social welfare and livelihood
4876:Stuart, H. (January 7, 2012)
4149:
3743:Working Time Regulations 1998
3613:
1138:Recent articles supporting a
785:that a person spends at paid
506:Chronological list of strikes
9044:Psychopathy in the workplace
8217:Human factors and ergonomics
7076:Hunnicutt, Benjamin Kline, "
6906:"Overtime in California FAQ"
6129:dares.travail-emploi.gouv.fr
5909:City Digest, October 19,2012
5023:Anders Hayden (2012-06-11).
4982:. 1971-03-01. Archived from
4959:Gapminder Foundation (2011)
4415:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595
4244:Woods, Judith (1 May 2012).
3950:Generally, workers are paid
3828:
3793:According to a study of the
3694:
3633:
3463:
3330:
1231:employment. The actual time
887:of the Upper Amazon and the
876:; for instance, one camp of
856:the largest disease burden.
796:Many countries regulate the
7:
9029:Narcissism in the workplace
8242:Occupational exposure limit
7002:. Oxford University Press.
6089:. Direct.gov.uk. 2009-08-01
5503:"How hard does China work?"
5491:– 中華人民共和國中央人民政府, 2005-08-05
5456:Japan– Labour Standards Law
4461:Comparisons and conclusions
4025:
3764:
3682:
3551:geographical constituencies
3536:On 17–18 October 2012, the
3526:small and medium enterprise
10:
9174:
8958:Civil Works Administration
8840:Technological unemployment
8316:Workplace health promotion
7773:Professional certification
7470:Personality–job fit theory
6251:. Gerencie.com. 2014-07-10
6033:(in Malay). 11 August 2022
5444:Measures for Working Hours
5380:. Hankyung.com. 2013-04-26
5359:(in Korean). 100.naver.com
4831:
4021:is approximately 30 hours.
3900:Bureau of Labor Statistics
3892:Bureau of Labor Statistics
3803:The Spanish National Court
3439:
3344:
1177:
1161:9 to 5 (Dolly Parton song)
1158:
1055:
895:
29:
9077:
8976:
8938:Guaranteed minimum income
8895:
8736:
8610:
8523:Organizational commitment
8475:
8367:
8334:
8197:
8122:
7999:
7926:
7860:
7647:
7569:
7513:
7363:
7260:
4723:. Bsu.edu. Archived from
4394:Environment International
4096:Right to rest and leisure
4086:Labour market flexibility
3974:
3809:Traditional mid-day break
3748:
3726:
3706:
3674:
3623:Labour and Welfare Bureau
3547:functional constituencies
1199:The traditional American
849:World Health Organization
817:than someone of the same
469:International comparisons
403:Right to rest and leisure
343:Employment discrimination
9107:Aspects of organizations
8788:Involuntary unemployment
8349:Equal pay for equal work
8272:Repetitive strain injury
7778:Professional development
7768:Professional association
7450:Letter of recommendation
6565:. Abc.net.au. 2004-11-19
6406:"OECD Better Life Index"
6276:(IUSLabor 1/2016): 54–65
5578:South China Morning Post
5540:Yuan, Li (22 Feb 2017).
5355:
4915:. McKinsey & Company
3993:
3777:
3619:Matthew Cheung Kin-chung
3417:" protest in Tokyo, 2018
3404:
3340:
1088:New Economics Foundation
254:Social movement unionism
30:Not to be confused with
9092:Aspects of corporations
9054:Slow movement (culture)
8933:Employer of last resort
8835:Structural unemployment
8773:Frictional unemployment
8212:Epilepsy and employment
8099:Performance-related pay
8033:National average salary
7951:996 working hour system
5899:China Daily, 2012-10-19
5697:China Daily, 2010-10-15
5038:Hayden, Anders (1999).
4616:European Social Charter
4577:, pp. 43–seq, excerpt:
4574:The Overworked American
4127:Waiting for the Weekend
4040:Organized labour portal
3458:996 working hour system
3442:996 working hour system
3397:and double that of the
3335:
1169:9 to 5 (disambiguation)
1012:European Social Charter
939:Eight-hour day banner,
464:Trade union federations
459:Trade unions by country
9102:Aspects of occupations
8908:Unemployment insurance
8860:Unemployment extension
8830:Reserve army of labour
8635:Constructive dismissal
8442:Sleeping while on duty
8407:Exploitation of labour
8289:Sick building syndrome
7465:Person–environment fit
7335:Independent contractor
7080:," Temple Press, 2013.
7054:, European Foundation.
6965:Robert Levine (1997).
6429:. El País. 13 May 2020
6362:Cite journal requires
6297:Cite journal requires
5083:Frey, Philipp (2019).
4222:10.3390/socsci12090492
4121:Universal basic income
3888:
3862:
3755:labor rights in Mexico
3717:working time directive
3418:
3362:Anna Sebastian Perayil
3327:
1167:. For other uses, see
1149:workforce productivity
1123:information technology
1093:McKinsey & Company
1067:
1044:In the mid-2000s, the
981:worker protection laws
956:
944:
830:Standard working hours
363:Freedom of association
176:
9112:Aspects of workplaces
8850:Unemployment benefits
8845:Types of unemployment
8783:Graduate unemployment
8677:Letter of resignation
8306:Workers' compensation
8299:Occupational fatality
7808:Vocational university
7408:Employment counsellor
6967:"A Geography of Time"
6672:. Presidency.ucsb.edu
6586:. Fair Work Ombudsman
5724:港股王 – 蘋果日報,2012-10-08
4751:. Bls.gov. 2017-06-27
4642:. Eurofound.europa.eu
3883:
3860:
3412:
3345:Further information:
3325:
1235:often varies between
1151:on a per-hour basis.
1065:
992:collective bargaining
977:collective bargaining
961:Industrial Revolution
950:
938:
834:Maximum working hours
348:Employment protection
328:Collective bargaining
234:Exploitation of labor
174:
8918:Job creation program
8694:Mandatory retirement
8647:Employee offboarding
8467:Workplace incivility
8462:Workplace harassment
8237:Occupational disease
8232:Occupational burnout
8147:Disability insurance
7991:Workweek and weekend
7798:Vocational education
7713:Continuing education
7551:Permanent employment
7181:, 17 February 2010,
6996:Pitt, David (1970).
6695:Employment Situation
6347:10.1787/702131842121
6204:World Economic Forum
5944:城市論壇 標準工時徵建議 勞資官民齊集思
5837:勞工 – 工黨 Labour Party
5293:. Jagran. 2024-09-19
3788:Convenios-Colectivos
3621:, the Secretary for
3553:, it was negatived.
3508:The Chairman of the
3451:deaths from overwork
1180:Workweek and weekend
709:Industrial relations
698:Academic disciplines
294:National-syndicalism
264:Democratic socialism
61:improve this article
8823:Recession-proof job
8818:Lists of recessions
8756:Economic depression
8704:Retirement planning
8585:Work–life interface
8422:Employee monitoring
8390:Corporate behaviour
8380:Accounting scandals
8262:Occupational stress
8252:Occupational injury
7788:Reflective practice
7783:Professional school
7505:Work-at-home scheme
7425:Induction programme
7403:Employment contract
7383:Business networking
7171:, August 20, 2005,
6523:Labour and Industry
6382:"Spain - OECD Data"
5639:Prices and Earnings
5027:. CommonDreams.com.
4814:. nbcnews.com. 2012
4406:2021EnInt.15406595P
4306:on 22 February 2009
4272:"French labor laws"
4253:The Daily Telegraph
3538:Legislative Council
3488:Labor organizations
2934:Russian Federation
2375:Korea, Republic of
1293:
1163:. For the car, see
1075:with 27 hours, and
289:Anarcho-syndicalism
9158:Working conditions
9086:See also templates
8923:Job creation index
8887:Youth unemployment
8751:Discouraged worker
8640:Wrongful dismissal
8620:At-will employment
8493:Civil conscription
8457:Workplace bullying
8344:Affirmative action
8326:Workplace wellness
8257:Occupational noise
7898:Long service leave
7758:Overspecialization
7738:Induction training
7693:Career development
7211:2010-12-29 at the
7108:David R. Henderson
7100:Lebergott, Stanley
6843:on January 4, 2009
6341:"Jobless record".
5929:2013-05-26 at the
5883:2015-09-09 at the
5842:2012-04-19 at the
5805:2013-06-16 at the
5644:2015-09-24 at the
5356:주5일근무제 : 지식백과
5112:"nine-to-five job"
4907:Schaninger, Bill.
4858:on 9 February 2016
4538:Aldine Transaction
4106:Short-time working
3863:
3805:in February 2020.
3771:Colombian Congress
3769:In June 2021, the
3669:Lingnan University
3419:
3370:toxic work culture
3328:
1291:
1155:Workweek structure
1104:standard of living
1068:
957:
945:
915:. You can help by
874:agrarian societies
841:labor productivity
398:Professional abuse
177:
9135:
9134:
9034:Post-work society
9014:Kiss up kick down
8746:Barriers to entry
8711:Severance package
8543:Human trafficking
8437:Sexual harassment
8417:Employee handbook
8336:Equal opportunity
8199:Safety and health
8189:Take-home vehicle
7803:Vocational school
7753:Lifelong learning
7728:Further education
7688:Career counseling
7683:Career assessment
7460:Overqualification
6837:www.calbar.ca.gov
5425:finance.yahoo.com
5314:. BBC. 2022-08-31
5247:. BBC. 2023-11-01
5092:Autonomy Research
4986:on July 15, 2010.
4791:"Gapminder World"
4770:"Gapminder World"
4452:Hans-Joachim Voth
4168:Our World in Data
4054:Four-day workweek
4017:The work week in
3890:According to the
3627:Executive Council
3532:Political parties
3503:work–life balance
3352:Indian labour law
3347:Indian labour law
3315:
3314:
1194:Christian sabbath
933:
932:
781:is the period of
772:
771:
729:Post-work society
558:Solidarity action
368:Legal working age
224:Conflict theories
175:Working Time 2020
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
9165:
9122:Critique of work
9117:Corporate titles
9085:
9084:
9004:Evil corporation
8870:Employment rates
8793:Jobless recovery
8761:Great Depression
8721:Golden parachute
8716:Golden handshake
8513:Job satisfaction
8503:Critique of work
8321:Workplace phobia
8152:Health insurance
8109:Wage compression
8077:Progressive wage
7936:35-hour workweek
7903:No call, no show
7893:Leave of absence
7743:Knowledge worker
7671:Master craftsman
7475:Personality hire
7413:Executive search
7393:Curriculum vitae
7378:Background check
7247:
7240:
7233:
7224:
7223:
7121:
7116:(1st ed.).
7017:
7016:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6962:
6956:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6942:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6902:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6889:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6839:. Archived from
6829:
6823:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6797:
6786:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6776:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6724:
6716:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6687:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6645:
6639:
6636:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6626:
6616:
6610:
6609:
6601:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6520:
6511:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6445:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6365:
6360:
6358:
6350:
6338:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6300:
6295:
6293:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6275:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6245:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6185:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6146:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6104:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6068:. Stats.oecd.org
6061:
6055:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6023:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6000:
5994:
5984:
5978:
5974:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5945:
5940:
5934:
5933:HKET, 2012-02-27
5923:
5918:
5912:
5911:SCMP, 2012-10-19
5906:
5900:
5894:
5888:
5877:
5872:
5866:
5853:
5847:
5836:
5831:
5825:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5799:
5794:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5763:SCMP, 2012-12-03
5758:
5752:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5736:SCMP, 2012-10-08
5731:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5685:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5636:
5630:
5624:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5604:NDTV Gadgets 360
5596:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5556:
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5549:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5524:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5477:
5476:
5465:
5459:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5431:
5416:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5406:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:. Stats.oecd.org
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
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5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5089:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5067:
5063:
5061:
5053:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5020:
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5013:
5011:
5010:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4972:
4966:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4940:The Conversation
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4904:
4898:
4889:
4883:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4857:
4851:. Archived from
4840:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4787:
4781:
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4766:
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4625:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4487:
4474:
4465:
4449:
4438:
4437:
4427:
4417:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4346:
4337:
4336:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4302:. Archived from
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4249:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4224:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4186:ILOSTAT explorer
4178:
4172:
4171:
4160:
4042:
4037:
4036:
3608:Economic Synergy
3576:Democratic Party
3318:Trends over time
1294:
1290:
1238:
1052:Gradual decrease
1020:35-hour workweek
928:
925:
907:
900:
764:
757:
750:
704:Critique of work
548:Pen-down strikes
259:Social democracy
206:
196:
186:
179:
178:
161:
147:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
9173:
9172:
9168:
9167:
9166:
9164:
9163:
9162:
9138:
9137:
9136:
9131:
9127:Organized labor
9097:Aspects of jobs
9073:
9064:Toxic workplace
8999:Emotional labor
8972:
8896:Public programs
8891:
8808:Great Recession
8778:Full employment
8766:Long Depression
8732:
8630:Banishment room
8606:
8528:Refusal of work
8471:
8395:Corporate crime
8363:
8330:
8193:
8118:
7995:
7922:
7856:
7733:Graduate school
7643:
7565:
7509:
7500:Underemployment
7359:
7303:Self-employment
7278:Contingent work
7268:Academic tenure
7261:Classifications
7256:
7251:
7213:Wayback Machine
7163:
7026:
7024:Further reading
7021:
7020:
7010:
6994:
6990:
6981:
6979:
6977:
6969:. Basic Books.
6963:
6959:
6950:
6948:
6944:
6943:
6939:
6930:
6928:
6924:
6923:
6919:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6903:
6896:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6846:
6844:
6831:
6830:
6826:
6817:
6815:
6814:. Legal Affairs
6812:"Legal Affairs"
6808:
6804:
6795:
6793:
6788:
6787:
6783:
6774:
6772:
6762:
6758:
6749:
6747:
6742:
6741:
6737:
6728:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6710:
6700:
6698:
6689:
6688:
6684:
6675:
6673:
6668:
6667:
6663:
6654:
6652:
6651:. Mtholyoke.edu
6647:
6646:
6642:
6637:
6633:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6613:
6602:
6598:
6589:
6587:
6582:
6581:
6577:
6568:
6566:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6547:
6545:
6518:
6512:
6508:
6498:
6496:
6491:
6490:
6486:
6476:
6474:
6469:
6468:
6464:
6454:
6452:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6432:
6430:
6425:
6424:
6420:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6403:
6399:
6390:
6388:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6363:
6361:
6352:
6351:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6326:
6324:
6315:
6314:
6310:
6298:
6296:
6287:
6286:
6279:
6277:
6273:
6267:
6263:
6254:
6252:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6233:
6231:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6208:
6206:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6183:
6181:
6173:
6172:
6168:
6158:
6156:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6133:
6131:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6110:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6092:
6090:
6085:
6084:
6080:
6071:
6069:
6062:
6058:
6050:
6046:
6036:
6034:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6010:
6008:
6001:
5997:
5985:
5981:
5975:「標準工時」會否僵化勞動市場?
5972:
5970:
5966:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5931:Wayback Machine
5924:標準工時雖動聽 政治現實恐難容
5921:
5919:
5915:
5907:
5903:
5895:
5891:
5885:Wayback Machine
5875:
5873:
5869:
5854:
5850:
5844:Wayback Machine
5834:
5832:
5828:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5809:香港成報,2012-10-10
5807:Wayback Machine
5797:
5795:
5791:
5783:
5779:
5771:
5767:
5759:
5755:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5732:
5728:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5705:
5701:
5686:
5682:
5676:工黨「父親節」工時問卷調查報告
5673:
5671:
5664:
5656:
5652:
5648:UBS, 2012-11-07
5646:Wayback Machine
5637:
5633:
5625:
5618:
5608:
5606:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5583:
5581:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5558:
5557:
5553:
5538:
5534:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5499:
5495:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5458:ILO, 2012-11-12
5454:
5450:
5442:
5438:
5429:
5427:
5417:
5413:
5404:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5383:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5339:
5337:
5330:
5326:
5317:
5315:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5296:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5275:
5273:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5250:
5248:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5229:
5227:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5200:Chawla, Payal.
5198:
5194:
5185:
5183:
5173:
5169:
5160:
5158:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5135:
5133:
5123:
5119:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5096:
5094:
5087:
5081:
5077:
5065:
5064:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5036:
5032:
5021:
5017:
5008:
5006:
4995:
4991:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4958:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4905:
4901:
4890:
4886:
4875:
4871:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4849:
4838:
4830:
4826:
4817:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4796:
4794:
4793:. Gapminder.org
4789:
4788:
4784:
4775:
4773:
4772:. Gapminder.org
4768:
4767:
4763:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4730:
4728:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4691:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4666:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4645:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4626:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4567:
4563:
4552:
4525:
4521:
4475:
4468:
4450:
4441:
4386:
4382:
4347:
4340:
4323:
4319:
4309:
4307:
4290:
4286:
4277:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4242:
4238:
4209:Social Sciences
4201:
4197:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4116:Soviet calendar
4091:Refusal of work
4038:
4031:
4028:
3996:
3977:
3953:time-and-a-half
3920:
3851:
3845:than 70 hours.
3831:
3811:
3780:
3767:
3751:
3738:
3729:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3677:
3636:
3616:
3542:Cheung Kwok-che
3534:
3514:Chow Chung-kong
3499:
3490:
3466:
3444:
3438:
3407:
3378:
3357:Narayana Murthy
3349:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3320:
3235:United Kingdom
1902:European Union
1258:
1236:
1205:eight-hour days
1182:
1176:
1157:
1060:
1054:
929:
923:
920:
913:needs expansion
898:
866:hunter-gatherer
862:
860:Hunter-gatherer
815:costs of living
768:
739:
738:
734:Refusal of work
714:Labor economics
699:
691:
690:
689:
594:
584:
583:
582:
573:Wildcat strikes
568:Whipsaw strikes
553:Sitdown strikes
500:
490:
489:
486:
454:
444:
443:
442:
428:Toxic workplace
312:
302:
301:
298:
216:
195:Organized labor
194:
184:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
162:
153:
152:
151:
148:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9171:
9161:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9088:
9087:
9078:
9075:
9074:
9072:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9049:Sunday scaries
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9021:
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8980:
8978:
8974:
8973:
8966:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8899:
8897:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8826:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8800:
8798:Phillips curve
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8763:
8753:
8748:
8742:
8740:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8730:
8725:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8708:
8707:
8706:
8701:
8699:Retirement age
8696:
8686:
8681:
8680:
8679:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8652:Exit interview
8649:
8644:
8643:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8622:
8616:
8614:
8608:
8607:
8605:
8604:
8599:
8598:
8597:
8592:
8582:
8577:
8576:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8402:Discrimination
8399:
8398:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8371:
8369:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8361:
8356:
8354:Gender pay gap
8351:
8346:
8340:
8338:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8302:
8301:
8291:
8286:
8285:
8284:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8203:
8201:
8195:
8194:
8192:
8191:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8174:
8169:
8167:Parental leave
8164:
8162:Marriage leave
8159:
8157:Life insurance
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8128:
8126:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8085:
8084:
8074:
8073:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8047:
8046:
8045:
8040:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8013:Income bracket
8009:
8007:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7946:Eight-hour day
7943:
7938:
7932:
7930:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7864:
7862:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7811:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7705:
7703:Creative class
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7663:
7661:Apprenticeship
7657:
7655:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7629:Scarlet-collar
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7575:
7573:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7421:
7420:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7369:
7367:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7345:Temporary work
7342:
7337:
7332:
7331:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7313:Skilled worker
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7257:
7250:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7215:
7203:
7198:
7195:
7186:
7176:
7162:
7161:External links
7159:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7140:
7137:
7095:
7088:
7074:
7065:
7055:
7048:
7037:
7034:
7025:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7008:
6988:
6975:
6957:
6937:
6917:
6894:
6874:
6854:
6824:
6810:Kuckes, Niki.
6802:
6781:
6756:
6735:
6708:
6682:
6661:
6640:
6631:
6611:
6596:
6575:
6554:
6506:
6495:. The Guardian
6484:
6462:
6440:
6418:
6397:
6373:
6364:|journal=
6333:
6321:Spanish Living
6308:
6299:|journal=
6261:
6240:
6215:
6191:
6166:
6141:
6116:
6099:
6078:
6056:
6044:
6018:
5995:
5979:
5977:雷鼎鳴,2010-12-08
5964:
5955:
5935:
5913:
5901:
5889:
5887:林健鋒,2011-06-23
5867:
5861:2013-04-12 at
5848:
5826:
5824:民主黨,2011-10-11
5811:
5789:
5785:Voting Results
5777:
5765:
5753:
5738:
5726:
5722:大失預算-最低工資曾衝擊業界
5711:
5699:
5693:2013-02-15 at
5680:
5662:
5650:
5631:
5616:
5591:
5580:. Apr 12, 2019
5565:
5551:
5532:
5512:
5493:
5478:
5475:. 2 June 2017.
5460:
5448:
5436:
5411:
5390:
5369:
5346:
5324:
5303:
5282:
5257:
5236:
5211:
5192:
5167:
5142:
5131:stats.oecd.org
5117:
5103:
5075:
5048:
5030:
5015:
4989:
4967:
4952:
4926:
4899:
4896:Globe and Mail
4884:
4869:
4847:
4824:
4803:
4782:
4761:
4737:
4712:
4698:
4673:
4652:
4631:
4620:
4608:
4596:
4584:
4561:
4550:
4519:
4466:
4439:
4380:
4367:10.1086/723717
4338:
4317:
4284:
4263:
4236:
4195:
4173:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4008:
3995:
3992:
3976:
3973:
3919:
3918:Overtime rules
3916:
3850:
3847:
3830:
3827:
3819:post-civil-war
3810:
3807:
3779:
3776:
3766:
3763:
3750:
3747:
3737:
3736:United Kingdom
3734:
3728:
3725:
3713:European Union
3708:
3705:
3696:
3693:
3684:
3681:
3676:
3673:
3635:
3632:
3615:
3612:
3565:Elizabeth Quat
3533:
3530:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3465:
3462:
3437:
3436:Mainland China
3434:
3421:Work hours in
3406:
3403:
3399:United Kingdom
3377:
3374:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3278:United States
3276:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3184:
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3180:
3177:
3174:
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3165:
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3159:
3156:
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3150:
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3141:
3140:
3137:
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3125:
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3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3098:
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3018:
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3008:
3005:
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2999:
2996:
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2990:
2987:
2984:
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2259:
2256:
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2250:
2247:
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2225:
2222:
2219:
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2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
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2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
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2087:
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2078:
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2072:
2066:
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2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1851:
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1847:
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1814:
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1798:
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1700:
1697:
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1666:
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1577:
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1568:
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1550:
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1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1257:
1254:
1201:business hours
1178:Main article:
1156:
1153:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1097:Rutger Bregman
1053:
1050:
931:
930:
910:
908:
897:
894:
861:
858:
770:
769:
767:
766:
759:
752:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
688:
687:
682:
680:United Kingdom
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
595:
590:
589:
586:
585:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
529:
528:
523:
516:General strike
513:
508:
502:
501:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
485:
484:
479:
473:
471:
466:
461:
455:
450:
449:
446:
445:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
338:Eight-hour day
335:
330:
325:
320:
314:
313:
308:
307:
304:
303:
300:
299:
297:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
220:
217:
214:Labor movement
212:
211:
208:
207:
199:
198:
190:
189:
163:
156:
155:
154:
149:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
135:
134:
76:"Working time"
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9170:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9089:
9080:
9079:
9076:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9024:Make-work job
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8970:
8964:
8961:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8943:Right to work
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8928:Job guarantee
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8913:Make-work job
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8900:
8898:
8894:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8867:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8805:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8758:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8743:
8741:
8739:
8735:
8729:
8726:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8713:
8712:
8709:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8691:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8684:Restructuring
8682:
8678:
8675:
8674:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8662:Notice period
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8627:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8617:
8615:
8613:
8609:
8603:
8600:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8568:Unfree labour
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8538:Bonded labour
8536:
8535:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8474:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8452:Whistleblower
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8385:Control fraud
8383:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8370:
8366:
8360:
8359:Glass ceiling
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8341:
8339:
8337:
8333:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8294:Work accident
8292:
8290:
8287:
8283:
8282:United States
8280:
8279:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8204:
8202:
8200:
8196:
8190:
8187:
8183:
8182:United States
8180:
8179:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8137:Casual Friday
8135:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8127:
8125:
8121:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8094:Paid time off
8092:
8090:
8089:Overtime rate
8087:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8078:
8075:
8071:
8070:United States
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8052:
8051:
8048:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8006:
8002:
7998:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7941:Four-day week
7939:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7925:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7859:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7832:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7825:Practice firm
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7723:Employability
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7672:
7669:
7668:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7624:Orange-collar
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7571:Working class
7568:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7512:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7445:Job interview
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7298:Part-time job
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7283:Full-time job
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7248:
7243:
7241:
7236:
7234:
7229:
7228:
7225:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7184:
7180:
7177:
7174:
7170:
7169:
7165:
7164:
7155:
7153:
7152:92-2-117323-2
7149:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7119:
7115:
7114:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7096:
7093:
7089:
7087:
7086:9781439907153
7083:
7079:
7075:
7073:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7063:1-57675-245-3
7060:
7056:
7053:
7049:
7046:
7045:1-85898-996-5
7042:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7027:
7015:
7011:
7009:0-19-823156-3
7005:
7001:
7000:
6992:
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6007:. Taiwan News
6006:
5999:
5993:, 2012-11-20.
5992:
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5863:archive.today
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5695:archive.today
5692:
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5678:工黨,2012-06-17
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5401:. yonhap news
5400:
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5206:IndianExpress
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5157:. 21 May 2012
5156:
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5079:
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5059:
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5045:
5042:. Zed Books.
5041:
5034:
5026:
5019:
5005:on 2011-06-16
5004:
5000:
4993:
4985:
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4977:
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4964:gapminder.org
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4903:
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4848:9781904882701
4844:
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4813:
4807:
4792:
4786:
4771:
4765:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4727:on 2014-12-10
4726:
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4716:
4708:
4702:
4688:on 2014-05-02
4687:
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4558:
4553:
4551:0-202-01109-7
4547:
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4535:
4534:
4529:
4528:Cohen, Yehudi
4523:
4516:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4490:New York City
4486:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4464:
4460:
4459:, Chapter 5,
4458:
4453:
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4411:
4407:
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4395:
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4368:
4364:
4361:(1): 80–118.
4360:
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4099:
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4074:Human capital
4072:
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4012:!Kung Bushmen
4009:
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3867:United States
3865:By 1946, the
3859:
3855:
3849:United States
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3590:Poon Siu-ping
3587:
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2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
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1996:
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1968:
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1501:
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1471:
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1465:
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1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
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1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:self-employed
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1140:four-day week
1133:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:mechanization
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
954:
949:
942:
937:
927:
918:
914:
911:This section
909:
906:
902:
901:
893:
890:
886:
881:
879:
878:!Kung Bushmen
875:
871:
867:
857:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
835:
831:
827:
825:
820:
819:earning power
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:laboring time
776:
765:
760:
758:
753:
751:
746:
745:
743:
742:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
719:Labor history
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
695:
694:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:New Caledonia
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
593:
592:Labor parties
588:
587:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
543:Overtime bans
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
498:Strike action
494:
493:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
453:
448:
447:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
393:Paid time off
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
358:Four-day week
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
311:
306:
305:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
284:Union busting
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
219:
218:
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78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Working hours
9153:Labor rights
9148:Working time
9059:Toxic leader
9039:Presenteeism
9019:Labor rights
9009:Going postal
8984:Bullshit job
8967:
8952:
8947:
8738:Unemployment
8590:Downshifting
8573:Wage slavery
8553:Penal labour
8508:Dead-end job
8498:Conscription
8277:Right to sit
8132:Annual leave
8114:Working poor
8050:Minimum wage
8028:Maximum wage
7986:Working time
7985:
7976:Six-hour day
7878:Career break
7840:Professional
7634:Black-collar
7604:White-collar
7584:Green-collar
7561:Volunteering
7398:Drug testing
7388:Cover letter
7328:Tradesperson
7189:
7179:The Guardian
7178:
7168:The Guardian
7166:
7111:
7013:
6998:
6991:
6980:. Retrieved
6960:
6949:. Retrieved
6940:
6929:. Retrieved
6920:
6909:. Retrieved
6886:. Retrieved
6877:
6866:. Retrieved
6857:
6845:. Retrieved
6841:the original
6836:
6827:
6816:. Retrieved
6805:
6794:. Retrieved
6784:
6773:. Retrieved
6769:
6759:
6748:. Retrieved
6738:
6727:. Retrieved
6699:. Retrieved
6694:
6685:
6674:. Retrieved
6664:
6653:. Retrieved
6643:
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6614:
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6578:
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6557:
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6526:
6522:
6509:
6497:. Retrieved
6487:
6475:. Retrieved
6465:
6453:. Retrieved
6443:
6431:. Retrieved
6421:
6409:. Retrieved
6400:
6389:. Retrieved
6385:
6376:
6355:cite journal
6336:
6325:. Retrieved
6323:. 2018-11-01
6320:
6311:
6290:cite journal
6278:. Retrieved
6264:
6253:. Retrieved
6243:
6232:. Retrieved
6230:. 2021-06-23
6228:Planet Labor
6227:
6218:
6207:. Retrieved
6203:
6194:
6182:. Retrieved
6178:
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6157:. Retrieved
6153:
6144:
6132:. Retrieved
6128:
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6102:
6091:. Retrieved
6081:
6070:. Retrieved
6059:
6047:
6035:. Retrieved
6031:Sinar Harian
6030:
6021:
6011:29 September
6009:. Retrieved
5998:
5990:
5982:
5973:(in Chinese)
5967:
5958:
5952:(in Chinese)
5938:
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5916:
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5892:
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5870:
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5798:(in Chinese)
5792:
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5720:(in Chinese)
5714:
5702:
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5674:(in Chinese)
5653:
5634:
5607:. Retrieved
5603:
5594:
5582:. Retrieved
5577:
5568:
5554:
5545:
5535:
5515:
5507:The Guardian
5506:
5496:
5487:(in Chinese)
5481:
5472:
5463:
5451:
5439:
5428:. Retrieved
5424:
5414:
5403:. Retrieved
5393:
5382:. Retrieved
5372:
5361:. Retrieved
5349:
5338:. Retrieved
5327:
5316:. Retrieved
5306:
5295:. Retrieved
5285:
5274:. Retrieved
5272:. 2023-11-21
5269:
5260:
5249:. Retrieved
5239:
5228:. Retrieved
5226:. 2023-11-06
5223:
5214:
5205:
5195:
5184:. Retrieved
5181:The Guardian
5180:
5170:
5159:. Retrieved
5154:
5145:
5134:. Retrieved
5130:
5120:
5106:
5095:. Retrieved
5091:
5078:
5039:
5033:
5018:
5007:. Retrieved
5003:the original
4992:
4984:the original
4979:
4970:
4963:
4955:
4943:. Retrieved
4939:
4929:
4917:. Retrieved
4913:mckinsey.com
4912:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4881:The Guardian
4880:
4872:
4860:. Retrieved
4853:the original
4834:
4827:
4816:. Retrieved
4806:
4795:. Retrieved
4785:
4774:. Retrieved
4764:
4753:. Retrieved
4729:. Retrieved
4725:the original
4715:
4701:
4690:. Retrieved
4686:the original
4676:
4665:. Retrieved
4655:
4644:. Retrieved
4634:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4578:
4572:
4569:Juliet Schor
4564:
4555:
4532:
4522:
4509:
4494:E. P. Dutton
4483:
4462:
4455:
4397:
4393:
4383:
4358:
4354:
4330:
4320:
4308:. Retrieved
4304:the original
4297:
4287:
4276:. Retrieved
4266:
4251:
4239:
4212:
4208:
4198:
4185:
4176:
4167:
4158:
4125:
4111:Six-hour day
4101:Saint Monday
4078:
4049:Business day
3989:
3985:
3978:
3960:
3958:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3879:Soviet Union
3864:
3852:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3824:
3812:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3781:
3768:
3752:
3739:
3730:
3710:
3698:
3689:Dewan Negara
3686:
3678:
3666:
3655:
3648:
3637:
3617:
3605:
3598:
3588:
3583:Labour Party
3580:
3573:
3563:
3555:
3535:
3523:
3519:
3507:
3500:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3475:Donald Tsang
3467:
3455:
3448:
3445:
3427:
3420:
3379:
3366:presenteeism
3350:
3273:
3230:
3187:
3149:Switzerland
3144:
3101:
3058:
3015:
2972:
2929:
2886:
2843:
2800:
2757:
2714:
2676:New Zealand
2671:
2633:Netherlands
2628:
2585:
2542:
2499:
2456:
2413:
2370:
2327:
2284:
2241:
2198:
2155:
2112:
2069:
2026:
1983:
1940:
1897:
1854:
1811:
1768:
1725:
1682:
1639:
1596:
1553:
1510:
1467:
1424:
1381:
1338:
1259:
1245:white collar
1232:
1221:entrepreneur
1208:
1198:
1183:
1137:
1101:
1085:
1069:
1058:Six-hour day
1043:
1039:
1031:productivity
1028:
1000:World War II
988:trade unions
985:
958:
921:
917:adding to it
912:
882:
863:
838:
833:
829:
828:
802:rest periods
795:
791:Unpaid labor
778:
775:Working time
774:
773:
578:Work-to-rule
452:Trade unions
433:Unfree labor
423:Six-hour day
408:Right to sit
373:Minimum wage
318:Annual leave
310:Labor rights
244:New unionism
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
8948:Historical:
8672:Resignation
8612:Termination
8595:Slow living
8563:Truck wages
8548:Labour camp
8476:Willingness
8368:Infractions
8023:Living wage
7971:Remote work
7639:Gold-collar
7594:Pink-collar
7589:Grey-collar
7579:Blue-collar
7546:Labour hire
7521:Cooperative
7485:Recruitment
7440:Job hunting
7373:Application
7355:Wage labour
7340:Labour hire
7293:Job sharing
6529:(3): 5–25.
6451:. Idealista
6184:13 December
6159:13 December
6037:16 November
5991:China Daily
5800:工聯會宣布十大工作重點
5066:|work=
4945:13 December
4919:13 December
4618:, Article 2
4606:, Article 7
4540:. pp.
4478:Farb, Peter
4332:China Daily
4299:Chosun Ilbo
3961:double-time
3625:, said the
3601:Civic party
3413:A "No More
3376:South Korea
2504:Luxembourg
1644:Costa Rica
1229:subordinate
1106:have been:
1073:Netherlands
1046:Netherlands
1024:South Korea
996:progressive
885:Machiguenga
675:South Korea
655:Netherlands
650:New Zealand
323:Child labor
279:Syndicalism
249:Proletariat
229:Decent work
117:August 2021
9142:Categories
8882:Wage curve
8689:Retirement
8602:Workaholic
8580:Work ethic
8447:Wage theft
8432:Labour law
8427:Evaluation
8412:Dress code
8177:Sick leave
8142:Child care
8104:Salary cap
8018:Income tax
7981:Shift work
7918:Time clock
7913:Sick leave
7908:Sabbatical
7873:Break room
7861:Attendance
7830:Profession
7815:Mentorship
7793:Retraining
7718:E-learning
7614:New-collar
7609:Red-collar
7556:Supervisor
7536:Internship
7455:Onboarding
7323:Technician
7318:Journeyman
7288:Gig worker
7254:Employment
7175:(UK focus)
6982:2007-11-17
6951:2015-03-17
6931:2015-03-17
6911:2008-01-28
6888:2008-01-28
6868:2008-01-28
6818:2011-01-31
6796:2016-10-02
6775:2008-01-28
6750:2011-02-17
6729:2011-01-31
6676:2011-01-31
6655:2011-01-31
6625:2018-04-25
6590:2022-01-15
6569:2011-01-31
6548:2020-11-15
6391:2019-08-02
6327:2019-08-02
6255:2014-07-14
6234:2021-08-18
6209:2021-10-26
6093:2011-01-31
6072:2014-07-14
5878:盡快落實制訂標準工時
5489:中華人民共和國勞動法
5430:2016-03-14
5405:2024-03-03
5384:2014-07-14
5363:2014-07-14
5340:2014-07-14
5318:2023-11-28
5297:2024-09-19
5276:2023-11-28
5251:2023-11-28
5230:2023-11-28
5186:2015-07-15
5161:2015-07-15
5136:2017-12-30
5097:2019-09-09
5049:1896357288
5009:2011-01-31
4862:18 October
4818:2015-02-09
4797:2014-07-14
4776:2014-07-14
4755:2018-06-06
4731:2014-07-14
4692:2014-07-14
4667:2014-07-14
4663:. Insee.fr
4646:2014-07-14
4496:. p.
4463:pp. 242–45
4400:: 106595.
4278:2022-06-27
4274:. Expatica
4256:. London.
4215:(9): 492.
4150:References
4003:people of
3936:commission
3870:government
3662:retirement
3614:Government
3606:Member of
3440:See also:
3390:relaxation
2461:Lithuania
1343:Australia
1270:Costa Rica
1130:homemakers
1056:See also:
1018:adopted a
870:capitalist
845:real wages
533:Green bans
526:newspapers
418:Sick leave
413:Sabbatical
87:newspapers
9069:Workhouse
8989:Busy work
8803:Recession
8667:Pink slip
8625:Dismissal
8488:Careerism
8082:Singapore
8060:Hong Kong
7928:Schedules
7847:Tradesman
7748:Licensure
7708:Education
7678:Avocation
7619:No-collar
7599:Precariat
7480:Probation
7435:Job fraud
7135:163149563
7127:317650570
6746:. mit.edu
6543:143708776
5068:ignored (
5058:cite book
4375:2832-9341
4231:2076-0760
3965:incentive
3829:Australia
3700:Singapore
3695:Singapore
3634:Academics
3464:Hong Kong
3331:By region
3020:Slovenia
2977:Slovakia
2848:Portugal
1601:Colombia
1472:Bulgaria
1237:35 and 48
973:factories
941:Melbourne
924:June 2021
804:, annual
798:work week
724:Labor law
670:Singapore
625:Hong Kong
600:Australia
353:Equal pay
274:Communism
269:Socialism
32:Work-time
8977:See also
8903:Workfare
8728:Turnover
8124:Benefits
8005:salaries
7966:Overtime
7956:Flextime
7888:Gap year
7883:Furlough
7852:Vocation
7835:Operator
7698:Coaching
7653:training
7531:Employer
7526:Employee
7430:Job fair
7308:Side job
7209:Archived
7131:50016270
7102:(2002).
6499:30 April
6477:30 April
6455:30 April
6433:30 April
6411:30 April
6280:30 April
5927:Archived
5881:Archived
5859:Archived
5840:Archived
5803:Archived
5691:Archived
5642:Archived
5527:Archived
5473:BBC News
5224:cnbc.com
5155:BBC News
4530:(1974).
4512:Shoshone
4480:(1968).
4434:34011457
4258:Archived
4026:See also
3765:Colombia
3683:Malaysia
2891:Romania
2203:Ireland
2160:Iceland
2117:Hungary
2031:Germany
1945:Finland
1859:Estonia
1816:Denmark
1773:Czechia
1687:Croatia
1429:Belgium
1386:Austria
1300:Country
1262:Colombia
1217:employee
1165:Saab 9-5
1145:day care
1119:robotics
1113:such as
1035:services
969:Peasants
965:lighting
851:and the
808:, and a
806:holidays
665:Portugal
605:Barbados
563:Walkouts
538:Lockouts
388:Overwork
239:Timeline
185:a series
182:Part of
8953:U.S.A.:
8558:Peonage
8533:Slavery
8483:Boreout
8222:Karoshi
8172:Pension
7961:On-call
7666:Artisan
7350:Laborer
7110:(ed.).
6847:Jul 28,
6701:17 July
6386:theOECD
6134:Jul 28,
5949:YouTube
5846:工黨,2012
5609:Jul 28,
5584:Jul 28,
5270:msn.com
4571:(1991)
4506:E77.F36
4454:(2000)
4425:8204267
4402:Bibcode
4310:26 June
4080:Karōshi
4001:Kapauku
3567:of the
3429:karōshi
3415:Karoshi
3386:leisure
3192:Turkey
3106:Sweden
2805:Poland
2719:Norway
2590:Mexico
2418:Latvia
2246:Israel
2074:Greece
1988:France
1730:Cyprus
1515:Canada
1278:Germany
1233:at work
1190:weekend
1173:Day job
943:, 1856.
896:History
824:leisure
630:Ireland
620:Georgia
101:scholar
8657:Layoff
8207:Crunch
8065:Europe
8055:Canada
8043:Europe
7649:Career
7490:Résumé
7365:Hiring
7273:Casual
7150:
7125:
7084:
7061:
7043:
7006:
6973:
6541:
6154:gov.uk
6064:OECD.
5332:OECD.
5125:OECD.
5046:
4845:
4548:
4504:
4432:
4422:
4373:
4229:
3980:Brazil
3975:Brazil
3969:Unions
3940:salary
3938:, and
3854:time.
3815:siesta
3749:Mexico
3727:France
3707:Europe
3675:Taiwan
3063:Spain
2547:Malta
2332:Japan
2289:Italy
1558:Chile
1286:Canada
1274:Greece
1268:, and
1266:Mexico
1249:office
1241:breaks
1209:9-to-5
1077:France
1016:France
1010:, and
994:, and
953:France
889:Kayapo
826:time.
813:basic
685:Sweden
660:Norway
635:Israel
610:Brazil
511:Hartal
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
8518:McJob
8038:World
8001:Wages
7868:Break
7514:Roles
7106:. In
6770:Slate
6723:(PDF)
6539:S2CID
6519:(PDF)
6274:(PDF)
6111:(PDF)
5088:(PDF)
4856:(PDF)
4839:(PDF)
4542:94–95
4019:Samoa
4005:Papua
3994:Other
3923:work
3778:Spain
3721:Malta
3651:HKSYU
3423:Japan
3405:Japan
3341:India
3311:1810
3308:1767
3305:1783
3302:1772
3299:1794
3296:1832
3293:1833
3290:1816
3287:1907
3284:1952
3281:1968
3268:1531
3265:1367
3262:1525
3259:1507
3256:1544
3253:1558
3250:1618
3247:1619
3244:1775
3225:1732
3219:1811
3216:1877
3213:1936
3210:1937
3207:1866
3204:1957
3201:2086
3182:1528
3179:1495
3176:1577
3173:1611
3170:1690
3167:1713
3139:1440
3136:1424
3133:1466
3130:1484
3127:1453
3124:1486
3121:1423
3118:1382
3115:1565
3112:1718
3109:1824
3096:1643
3093:1577
3090:1694
3087:1706
3084:1724
3081:1753
3078:1763
3075:1936
3053:1619
3050:1515
3047:1687
3044:1680
3041:1697
3038:1710
3010:1622
3007:1572
3004:1754
3001:1805
2998:1769
2995:1816
2967:1874
2964:1874
2961:1978
2958:1976
2955:1989
2952:1982
2924:1808
2921:1795
2918:1786
2915:1841
2912:1877
2909:1853
2881:1635
2878:1613
2875:1732
2872:1746
2869:1750
2866:1770
2863:1806
2860:1849
2857:1963
2838:1814
2835:1766
2832:1862
2829:1831
2826:1855
2823:1869
2795:1751
2792:1687
2789:1764
2786:1772
2783:1793
2780:1825
2777:1860
2774:1893
2771:1966
2762:OECD
2752:1424
2749:1369
2746:1392
2743:1395
2740:1406
2737:1457
2734:1503
2731:1580
2728:1835
2709:1748
2706:1739
2703:1753
2700:1755
2697:1815
2694:1836
2691:1809
2666:1427
2663:1399
2660:1426
2657:1420
2654:1434
2651:1464
2648:1454
2645:1556
2642:1809
2623:2226
2620:2124
2617:2140
2614:2150
2611:2105
2608:2174
2580:1881
2577:1827
2574:1955
2571:2136
2568:2167
2565:2246
2537:1473
2534:1427
2531:1514
2528:1517
2525:1550
2522:1602
2494:1624
2491:1595
2488:1673
2485:1697
2482:1659
2479:1630
2451:1553
2448:1577
2445:1663
2442:1692
2439:1666
2436:1728
2408:1901
2405:1908
2402:2083
2399:2163
2365:1607
2362:1598
2359:1719
2356:1733
2353:1775
2350:1821
2347:2031
2344:2121
2341:2243
2322:1694
2319:1559
2316:1718
2313:1777
2310:1811
2307:1850
2279:1891
2276:1783
2273:1895
2270:1957
2267:1966
2264:2033
2261:1904
2236:1657
2233:1746
2230:1771
2227:1721
2224:1883
2221:1933
2218:2081
2215:2123
2212:2335
2193:1449
2190:1435
2187:1511
2184:1528
2181:1637
2178:1696
2175:1665
2172:1688
2169:1954
2150:1699
2147:1660
2144:1746
2141:1766
2138:1834
2135:1932
2132:2082
2129:2348
2107:1886
2104:1728
2101:1935
2098:1931
2095:2025
2092:1998
2089:1976
2064:1340
2061:1332
2058:1401
2055:1426
2052:1432
2049:1466
2021:1511
2018:1402
2015:1519
2012:1540
2009:1532
2006:1558
2003:1645
2000:1806
1997:1993
1994:2188
1991:2351
1978:1498
1975:1531
1972:1555
1969:1585
1966:1613
1963:1650
1960:1671
1957:1732
1954:1918
1951:1967
1935:1570
1932:1513
1929:1607
1926:1632
1923:1652
1920:1678
1892:1770
1889:1654
1886:1763
1883:1785
1880:1913
1877:1884
1849:1371
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